Chapter 15.2 Homogeneous Aqueous Systems Chapter 15.3 Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems.
CURDLAN · What is Curdlan ? ① Curdlan can retain water 30-50 times of its own weight at...
Transcript of CURDLAN · What is Curdlan ? ① Curdlan can retain water 30-50 times of its own weight at...
CURDLAN
Basic information
15-Apr-19
Food Material & Food Additives Division
What is Curdlan ?
① Curdlan can retain water 30-50 times of its own weight at 120-140℉.
② Curdlan forms elastic gel when heating the aqueous suspension.
③ Curdlan gel maintains its original texture even after freeze-thaw processes.
(JECFA Listed)
Curdlan is one of the polysaccharide produced through glucose fermentation by the microorganism Agrobacterium biovar 1.
Its structure is linear β1,3-Glucan and white odorless powder.
And it is extermely stable in dry state.
Nutritionally inert, water-insoluble dietary fiber. Insoluble in water, alcohol, but soluble in alkaline solutions ( > pH 12)
Unique basic properties
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Unique Basic Properties ①
The size of the Curdlan particle
Curdlan swells rapidly when absorbs water at 125-145℃, and increases its viscosity.
~Water absorption
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
86 104 122 140 158 176 194
Curdlan 2%
Egg whaite 5%
Vis
cosi
ty (
mPa・s)
Temperature (℉)
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Irreversible gel formation
Reversible gel formation
Transfer from reversible
gel to irreversible gel
Unique Basic Properties ②
~Gel Formation
Curdlan forms thermo reversible and irreversible gels
depending on the preparation methods & conditions.
Heating at around 170℉ or more, Curdlan will form a thermally irreversible gel.
212℉ 176℉
Irreversible gel
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5
Unique Basic Properties ③
~Freeze-thaw stability
Curdlan gel does not denature by freezing.
But, it will completely become another texture
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Other basic properties
~Effect of Heating Temperature
The higher temperature brings Stronger gel
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
50 70 90 110 130
Heating temperature (°C)G
el
str
en
gth
(g
/cm
2)
0500
100015002000250030003500
2 3 4 5
Curdlan concentration (w/w%)
Ge
l str
en
gth
(g
/cm
2)
Effect of heating temperature on curdlan gel strength (3%, 10 min.)
Effect of curdlan concentration on gel strength (100°C, 10 min.)
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7
Effects of Concentration on Gel Strength
0
2
4
6
8
10
90 100 110 120 130 140
2% Curdlan
4% Curdlan
6% Curdlan
Gel S
trength
(x 1
03, g/c
m2)
Heating Temperature oC (Heating time 30 min.)
Temperature and
Concentration is
Key for Gel strength
Other basic properties ~Curdlan concentration and gel strength
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Bre
akin
g s
tra
in (
%)
60708090100
1
4
8
Heating temperature (°C)
Curdlan
concentration (%)0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Ge
l str
en
gth
(g
/cm
2)
60708090100
1
4
8
Heating temperature (°C)
Curdlan
concentration
(%)
Effect of curdlan concentration and
heating temperature on gel strength Effect of curdlan concentration and
heating temperature on breaking strain
*Breaking strain is a measure of the elasticity of the gel. It represents the degree of gel deformation at breakage upon applying consistent pressure.
Other basic properties
~The strength and elasticity of curdlan gels
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Heating time (min.)
Ge
l str
en
gth
(g
/cm
2)
100°C
95°C
85°C
75°C
65°C
Unique Basic Properties
Heating temperature and time
Heating time has a greater influence on gel strength
at higher temperatures.
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Major applications
Application Benefits of adding curdlan
Use level and method Direct function Advantages
Processed meat and poultry
Texture modification Water binding Emulsion stabilization Fat replacement and
mimicking
Maximum moisture retention at processing temperature
Minimized cooking and processing loss (yield increase)
Consistent firmness, juiciness, and elasticity
Heat and freeze-thaw stability
0.1 to 1% Added dry or pre-dispersed in pickling or marinade
Batter and coating systems
Texture modification Water holding and
entrapment Film formation (water
and oil barrier) Viscosity agent
Consistent tender and juicy texture of substrate
Improved batter pick-up and cooking loss
Heat and freeze-thaw stability
0.1 to 1% Added dry or pre-dispersed
Noodles and pasta
Texture modification Improved firmness and elasticity
Minimized cooking loss and softening
Improved processing and shaping qualities
0.2 to 1% Added dry or pre-dispersed/dissolved in alkali (oriental noodles)
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Basic property and its use
Water absorption ability Curdlan absorbs 30 to 50 times more water by heating to around 140℉.
On further heating to above 160 ℉, the curdlan forms a thermally irreversible gel while retaining water.
Benefits:
increasing the yields / enhance juiciness / retaining moisture
⇒ For meat processed foods / surimi products / dumpling skins etc.
Retains moisture inside foods and increases production yields
Food applications Ham / Sausage / Hamburg / Dumpling(meet or fish)
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Stable gel against heating / freezing-thawing
Curdlan forms an irreversible gel when heated above 80℃.
Curdlan gel has tolerances for heating and freezing
Basic property and its use
Stored at 40℃ for 30 min.
Normal chocolate
Curdlan added
Prevents disforming during cooking.
Keeps original texture
Heat stable Curdlan- chocolate
Why Curdlan is used in surimi products and other applications?
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Other suggestions
As a gelling agent - Creates structure and texture
- No allergy / No gluten
- Tasteless / Odorless
Food Applications - Vegetarian foods, Tofu products, New functional foods
Benefits - Can copy structure and texture of original material
- Can create new function tofu products (heat stable and freezable tofu, tofu noodle).
- Gives excellent heat resistance . Can create heat stable chocolate, cheese etc.
Vegetarian Prawn
Vegetarian Abalone
Vegetarian burger
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Texture variation (as the gelling agent)
Curdlan
dosage
levels
0.5% 1.0% 3.0% 5.0% 7.0%
Typical food
texture
Soft and Smooth jelly
like texture
Elastic and firm noodle
like texture
High gel
strength
and elastic
texture
Applications
Tofu product
(0.8%)
Jellied
fish
(1.5%)
Vegetarian
squid
(3.7%)
Vegetarian
Crab meat
(4.2%)
Vegetarian
abalone
(8.0%)
Vegetarian
pudding
Hot
Jelly
Tofu noodle
(3.5%)
Imitation
fish ball
(5%)
Imitation
kamaboko
(7.0%)
Typical Food texture variation at different dosage levels
Curdlan forms gels of various textures, in combination with its concentration and other polysaccharides.
15 Proprietary & confidential
Characteristics of curdlan gel
Curdlan, by itself, forms hard and elastic gel gel, but it releases water over time. With a small amount of addition of starch and other polysaccharides, it is possible to suppress water separation. However, the gel strength of Curdlan decreases as these additions increase.
Water
Curdlan、(Gum arabic)
Homo mixer 3min.
(Modified starch)
Homo mixer 1min.
Degassing
filling
Heating 210℉. 2Hr.
Cooling
Prototype
Curdlan concentration Blank T-1
Gum arabic T-2
Starch
Curdlan ST 5.0 5.0 5.0
Gum Arabic 0 0.1 0
Modified starch(tapioca) 0.0 0.0 2.0
Water 95.0 94.9 93.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0