What happens after the Byzantines?

CH 18

3 societies• Ottomans• Safavids • Muhgals

Ottomans• Ghazis- Islamic warriors • Most successful was Osman- followers were Ottomans (1300-1326) • Gunpowder & cannons• Devshirme took boys from their families,

educated them, converted them to Islam and

trained them to be soldiers

• Simplified taxation reduced bureaucracy• Freedom of worship in millets but still

had to report to sultan

Ottoman Expansion halted in 1400’s

(Timur The Lame)

Resumed under Suleiman, reached its

Height, then slowly crumbled after

the death Suleiman (Paranoia)

Ottomans:•Were kind to those they conquered•Were tolerant of other religions: especially Christians and Jews• This was to keep peace among the people and conflict to a

minimum• However it probably set up the framework of modern ethnic

conflicts in the area

•Ruled by appointed officials•Muslims had to serve in army but did not pay a tax•Non-Muslims had to serve and pay a tax

Safavids• Persecuted by the Ottomans, the Shi’a sect of Islam were forced out. • Caught in between two populations (the Ottomans and Uzbek), The Safavids concentrated their efforts on their Military. • The Safavid Military (nicknamed redheads) becomes very powerful, starts dominating the region.• The dynasty begins to decline after the death of Shah Abbas (Paranoia)

Mughals• Babur’s (descendant of Ghengis Khan) army defeated many

and laid groundwork for new empire. • Mughals were Muslims • Akbar- Babur’s grandson; means “Great One”

• Conquered Northern India

• Religious toleration

• Shah Jahan- Akbar’s

grandson• Taj Mahal- tomb built

for his wife

Mughals fell to invaders

and fell apart in 1857

Mughals • India had been through a rough 600 years of turmoil• Babur: 11 year old ruler • Strong militaristic leader, but sensitive• His sensitivity made him an effective leader with his troops• He began the restoration of India• Akbar: Babur’s grandson• Defended religious tolerance

• Was a humanitarian

• Militaristic

• Welcomed influences from many cultures

• Arts, literature and architectural advancements soared

Jahangir• The fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.• The son of Akbar the Great• The Grandfather of Shah Jahan•Was fascinated with art, science and, architecture•Was a relatively weak ruler• Significance (Important)• Under Jahangir the political landscape of the Mughal empire

was forever altered. His weak leadership allowed his wife to take control of an empire. The altercation he had with his son (Khusrau) led to a failed rebellion where the Sikhs eventually became the main target of Mughal rage after they Sheltered Khusrau.