What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil...
Transcript of What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil...
What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil War?
In your notes...
Official Reconstruction
read pages 184-189
Quiz on FridayHandwritten notes
HW
DUE Next Friday, November 7thWill work on in class!
The better your outline = the better your paper!
Research Paper Outline
● period in which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877
● An effort to repair the damage to the South and to restore the Southern states to the Union
Reconstruction
The State of the South
● 2/3 southern shipping● 9000 miles of railroads● 1/3 of all livestock● 100’s of miles of roads● Value of southern property declined by 70%● buildings, factories, bridges, etc. destroyed
Create a Reconstruction PlanYou should address all issues:● Economic (how are you going to help the economy)● Political (what to do to make sure they never rebel again)● Social (What to do with freed slaves and plantation owners)
Be ready to share your plan with the class!
Reconstruction Questions
● How was the South to be brought back into the Union?
● What kind of society would the postwar South be?
● What would be the fate of the newly freedmen?
*Lincoln’s PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate statesmust:
● ratify the 13th Amendment (abolished slavery)● have @ least 10% of a states’ population take an oath to
support the Constitution & the Union● Pardon to all Confederates who took the oath● disband Confederate governments & form new ones; no
former Confederate leaders could be part of the new government
Freedmen’s Bureau
● established by Congress in 1865● food & medical aid, ensured fair wages,
established public schools, & created special courts to settle disputes between white & African-American workers
Lincoln’s Assassination
● shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater in Washington
● ended Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
● Succeeded by Andrew Johnson
*Andrew Johnson’s PlansTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states must:● Ratify the 13th amendment ● accept a Union appointed military governor, who would
hold complete power until a new state government was organized
● limited rights of all former military Confederate officers & all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more
*Andrew Johnson’s Plans● Public education for all
except the freedmen (newly freed slaves)
● Only whites allowed to vote & to participate in the framing of new southern state governments
Johnson’s Social Plans
● vetoed Congress’ decision to enlarge the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866○ would have prevented “Black Codes” or
discriminatory laws from developing
*Radical Republican Plan
● impeached Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act○ he “illegally” removed his Sec. of War from office○ Senate did not convict (by 1 vote)
*Radical Republican PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states had to:1) ratify the 13th amendment2) ratify the 14th amendment (African-Americans given full citizenship rights)3) ratify the 15th amendment ( right to vote not based on race)
*Radical Republican Plan4) Freedmen could vote & run for public office5) South would be divided into 5 military districts led by a military commander-would remain this way until states met the above conditions6) (re-)Established the Freedmen’s Bureau: governmentorganization that would help newly freed slaves
“Sell Me Your Plan”
● in partners, you will make an advertisement for one of the three plans for Reconstruction
● include: ○ a catchy slogan○ why would this plan be the best choice?○ why are the other plans NOT a good choice?○ image(s)
Unofficial Reconstruction
● Conflicts in the Republican Party○ scalawags = white southerners who joined the
party, many small farmers○ carpetbaggers = Northerners who moves South
after the war○ African Americans = registered to vote for the first
time
Southern Politics
● Jim Crow Laws (Black Codes)○ enforced racial discrimination○ separate facilities
● Prevent voting○ grandfather clauses= only vote if your grandfather
could vote in 1867○ literacy tests and poll taxes
Southern Politics
Literacy Test
You have 10 minutes
What does this test have to do with knowing politics?
Lives of Former Slaves
● started own churches● new schools
○ ex. Howard University● held public office
○ remained the minority○ Hiram Revels = first black
Senator
Lives of Former Slaves
● sharecropping = forced many freed slaves to farm land in exchange for a small piece of land and a large percentage of the crops
● what is this similar to?
Lives of Former Slaves● Ku Klux Klan (KKK) = Southern
“vigilante” (takes the law into their own hand) group○ wanted to destroy the Republican
Party○ prevented people from exercising
their right to vote● should they be called vigilantes?
Collapse of Reconstruction
● support for Reconstruction weakened○ Panic of 1873= diffused attention to the South
● no Republican unity○ Southern Democrats gained control
● courts started to undo political and social changes
Reconstruction and Political Cartoons
● Purpose: ○ image that has a political point○ persuade and amuse you
● How to analyze the cartoon?○ SCAMS!
S = Subject (What is the topic of the cartoon?)
C = Caption (What is the title of the cartoon? What does it mean?)
A = Actions(What is happening in the cartoon? Look for movement, actions and dialogue. These provide clues to the message and what the symbols represent)
M = Message/ Theme(What is the author’s point of view? What is the theme of the cartoon? What is the purpose for making this cartoon?)
S = Symbols(What do the symbols in the cartoon represent?)
Reconstruction and Political Cartoons
For each of the images provided, do a SCAMS analysis.