What do we know about blood? Different blood types Transports gasses and nutrients Different types...
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What do we know about blood?
Different blood types Transpor
ts gasses and
nutrients
Different types of blood cells
Travels thru
veins & arteries
Pumped by the heart
Can’t LIVE
without it
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erythrocytesleukocytes
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Erythrocytes (red blood cells)Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues and
remove carbon dioxide
They are red because they contain a protein called hemoglobin that is red in color
Red blood cells are round and thinner in the middle, like a balloon that is partly filled with water. This lets them squeeze through tiny blood vessels without breaking
Biconcave shape increases surface area to allow for more O2 to be carried
Do not have a nucleus
Are made from the red bone marrow
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RBCs contain Hemoglobin
Protein that bonds with oxygen when in an oxygen rich environment
Releases oxygen when reaches tissues low in concentration of oxygen
For energy RBCs make ATP thru anaerobic processes so it doesn’t use the O2 it is transporting
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Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Function as a defense system in the body
Fight and kills germs that enter the body
Much larger than red blood cells
Fewer WBCs than RBCs
Have a nucleus
Can slip into and out of the blood vessels
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Leukocytes (white blood cells)
leukocyteThe leukocytes pass out through the capillary walls & into the infected tissue
They change shape to surround the germs. They produce enzymes to kill & digest them.
Leukocytes live for only a short time. Dead leukocytes, dead germs and liquid form pus in the infected area
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Platelets
Helps with the clotting of blood
Produce tiny fibrin threads allowing them to stick together
This “web” traps blood cells that harden and form a scab or clot
Made in the red bone marrow
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Platelets
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Hemostasis Blood vessel injury
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug
A lot of cool biochemistry!
Coagulation occurs
Blood clotting is a positive feedback mechanism and usually occurs within 3 – 6
minutes
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Plasma
Pale liquid portion of the blood – 90% water
Acts as a solvent
Transports soluble food molecules
Transports waste products
Contains hormones, antibodies, electrolytes, and plasma proteins
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Our blood is a fluid which links together all the parts & all the organs of the body. Its main functions include:
• Transport oxygen, waste products and hormones
• Regulate temperature, helping to reduce heat by taking blood to the body surface
• Balance acidity, reducing the effect of lactic acid (in sporting activities)
• Fight invaders
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Blood Fun FactsThe average human has 5 litres of blood
It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the body
The only part of the body with no blood supply is the cornea, it take in O2 directly from the air
One cubic milimeter of healthy blood contains about 5 million red blood cells – this is the “blood count”
People who live in high altitudes will have a higher blood count because of the lower O2 levels
Athletes often train at high altitudes to improve distance race performance
BLOOD DOPING, done by some athletes, mimics this effect
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What is blood doping?
Why would blood doping give an athlete an advantage?
Why is it difficult to test for blood doping?
Why is blood doping dangerous?
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In your composition book create a table that lists the four major components of blood, describes their structure and lists their functions.
Refer to your book pages 340 to 347
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Blood type refers to features of the person’s red blood cells called antigens
The ABO blood groups are the features most people know about
In this group, there are 4 different types of red blood cells -- A, B, AB, and O each are a different antigen
Type O is the most common (~45%); type AB is the least common (~4%)
Type O blood can be given to all blood types
What’s your Type?
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Blood types are also grouped as to whether or not the RBC has the “D antigen”
AKA the Rh factor, the “D antigen” is named for the Rhesus monkey in which it was first discovered
People who have the “D antigen” are Rh positive.
People who lack the “D antigen” are Rh negative.
Most people are Rh positive
Rh negative blood can be transfused into either Rh type
What’s your Type?
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O- is called the universal donor because it can be given to ALL blood types- explain
O+ 38%O- 7%A+ 34%A- 6%B+ 9%B- 2%AB+ 3%AB- 1%
Why can’t someone with type B- blood be given type A+ blood?
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Your body resembles a large roadmap. There are routes or
“arteries” that take you downtown to the “heart” of the city and “veins” that take you
to the outskirts of town.
Circulation
AHS
AHS
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Blood Vessels : One Way Streets
Blood Vessels resemble very long and skinny tunnels that are all through your body
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart
Capillaries connect the two and are the drop off & pick up point
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Why do you think the muscle is so much thicker in the artery?
The elastic fibers increase its elastic strength & the smooth muscles can change the diameter of the lumen
Vessel walls composed of elastic fibers and smooth muscle
Why would the diameter of the lumen need to be changed?
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Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
NORMAL CORONARY ARTERY
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Semi-lunar valves stop the back flow of blood
The leg and abdominal muscles help blood flow upwards from the feet to the heart
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note the thin wall and the semi-lunar valve
A Vein –
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Where substances enter & leave the blood
lumen
endothelium(one cell thick)
cell
Large surface area to volume ratio allows rapid diffusion of substances between blood and cells
No cell in the body is more than 2 cells away from a capillary
Wall is single layer of highly permeable endothelium
Approximately 10 micrometers in diameter
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oxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin
Blood vessels and blood cells:
The body’s transportation systemArteries
Capillaries
Veins
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1. In your composition book create a table that lists the three major vessels of the circulatory system, describes their structure and lists their functions.
2. Color and label the diagram of an artery and glue it on the page with your table.
Refer to your book pages 374 to 377WE ARE IN THE LIBRARY TOMORROW –
BRING YOUR BOOK!!