“What an absolute monarch would say?”

Explain to your partner why England was the only major European nation to not have an absolute monarchy.

Fill in the blank for your teammate, The Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the ????

“What Thomas Hobbes would say about man.”

“What John Locke would say about man.”

“What someone who believes in laissez faire economics would say.”

The Estate System Estate = social Classes First Estate – Clergy

o Wealth & privilege (bishops & abbots)o Church owned 10% of the land, collected

tithes, no taxeso Nuns, monks, and priests – ran schools,

hospitals, & orphanageso Condemned the Enlightenment

Second Estate – Nobilityo Top jobs in the government, army, courts,

and the churcho No taxes

Third Estate – majority of the populationo Bourgeoisie – middle classo Lawyers, doctors, journalists, professors, o rural peasants = poor, increase in bread prices

= possible starvationo TAXES!o Enlightenment encouraged 3rd Estate to

question the current system

Think, Pair, Share

Do you believe the United States currently has a struggle between

economic classes? Why or why not?

Financial Troubles

Deficit Spending – government spends more money than it takes in

Louis XIV left France in debt (7 years war/American Rev.)

Govt. borrowed more money. ½ of money from taxes went to pay interest on the country’s debt

Bad harvests cause foot prices to increase

Jacques Necker – financial advisor to Louis XVI suggested taxing the 1st and 2nd estate, clergy and nobles forced the king to fire him

Estates General

Legislative body consisting of representatives from each of the 3 estates

French King hadn’t called the Estates General in the last 175 years

List of grievances = class resentment

“bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold”

“vampires pumping the last drop of blood” “20 million must live on half of the wealth of France while the

clergy…devour the other half”

Without using your notes, explain to your partner 2 reasons why France was having economic problems.

“What a member of the 3rd estate might say about members of the 1st or 2nd estate”

Voting issues

Each estate had one vote (1st and 2nd Estate ) Or vote “by head” (3rd Estate )

3rd Estate creates the National Assembly, reform minded nobles and clergy join, Louis XVI accepts it

Bastille Day

Similar to our Independence Day

Rumor that royal troops were going to occupy Paris, 800 citizens storm the Bastille in search of weapons

Section 2

Phases of the French Revolution National Assembly 1789-1791 Moderate phase 1792-1794 Reign of Terror, End of the Monarchy The Directory 1795-1799 1799-1815 Age of Napoleon

Each of you will be given 30 seconds to create a drawing representing the voting problems of the Estates General for the 3rd estate. After 30 seconds are up, explain what you created and why.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the citizen Modeled after the Declaration of Independence Natural Rights – “liberty, property, security, and

resistance to oppression” (Locke/Amer. Rev.) Government exists to protect the natural rights of

citizens All male citizens equal before the law, equal right to

hold public office, Freedom of religion, and taxes based on ability to pay

Did not grant equal citizen to women Later in the revolution women could be imprisoned

or executed for expressing their resistance

Women 6,000 women marched to the Palace at Versailles

demanding to see the king Austrian queen Marie Antoinette – lavish lifestyle

while much of the country was hungry Women refused to leave until the king returned to

Paris

Think, Pair, Share

You’re King Louis XVI or Queen Marie Antoinette, what would you do?

The Church

Placed under state control, bishops and priests become elected, salaried officials

Ended Papal authority, dissolved monasteries and convents Many Bishops and Priests denied the law, the Pope

condemned it, peasants rejected it Rift between revolutionaries & peasantry

Constitution of 1791

Limited monarchy to replace absolute monarchy Legislative assembly – power to make laws, collect taxes,

and decide issues Lawmakers elected by tax paying males over 25 years old Revolution over? Louis’ attempt to flee fails. Dressed as a servant, Queen a

governess Royal family is escorted back to Paris, labeled traitors to

the revolution

“French Plague”

European rulers increased border security to prevent revolutionary ideas from spreading into their nation, anti-Enlightenment

Emigres – nobles, clergy who fled France Austria and Prussia threaten to intervene to protect the

French monarchy

“What a member of the 3rd estate would say about the King’s palace at Versailles”

“What an absolute ruler would say about the French Revolution”

Radicals

Currency drops in value = inflation = hoarding = food shortages

Sans-culottes

Radicals who wanted a republic –govt. ruled by elected representatives

Means “without breeches” – long trousers rather than knee breeches

Jacobins

Revolutionary political club, middle class lawyers and intellectuals

Newspapers and pamphlets

Radicals hold power in the Legislative Assembly, declare war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, (1792-1815)

Categories

Taking turns, list members of the Enlightenment. Last one who can’t

name one loses!

Section 3

Tension

War going poorly, Desertions from the French Army, rumors the King is secretly supporting France’s enemies

September Massacre – Citizens attack prisons holding political prisoners, 1,200 killed

National Convention (new legislative body)

Suffrage (right to vote) extended to all male citizens, not just property owners

Abolish the monarchy – republic established Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed via the

guillotine

The committee on Public Safety

12 member committee Absolute power, in charge of trials and executions Taxed everyone in preparation for war Maximilien Robspierre “the incorruptible”

o Wanted to abolish slaveryo Promoted religious tolerationo “Liberty cannot be secured, unless criminals lose their

heads.” Reign of Terror

o 300,000 arrestedo 17,000 executedo Robespierre was executed

France creates its 3rd Constitution….

Think, Pair, Share

Governor Rick Scott has agreed to allow television networks to televise the state’s execution of a death row

inmate. Would you watch?

Section 4

Napoleon Bonaparte Started his military training at age 9 “Since one must take sides, one might as well

choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than to be eaten.”

Military successes against Austria, captured most of N. Italy

Used a network of spies and press censorship to minimize his failure in Egypt

1802 – Napoleon names himself consul/emperor for life

Took the crown from the Pope & placed it on his own head

Plebiscite – popular vote by ballot Order, security, and efficiency replaced liberty,

equality, and fraternity Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built

roads, canals, and schools Made peace with the Catholic Church

o Church still under state control, but recognized religious freedom for Catholics

Think, Pair, Share

Knowing what you know about Napoleon, predict whether or not he will be good for France in the long run.

Explain your answer.

Jobs were given based on talent Napoleonic Code

o Equality of all citizens before law, religious toleration, abolition of feudalism

o Women lost most of their rights, couldn’t participate in citizenship

“a man such as I am care little for the life of a million men.”

Napoleon’s presence was valued at 40,000 troops

Annexed (incorporated) the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany.

HRE – broken into 38 states under French protection

Friend and relatives placed on conquered thrones (brother = king of Spain)

Great Britain stood alone, outside Napoleon’s grasp

Estates GeneralRepresentatives

EstatesLegislative

VotingGroup

Deficit SpendingMore

MoneyMake

United StatesWars

Bastille DayIndependence

WeaponsViolence

RevolutionStorm

BourgeoiseFrenchTerm

Middle Class

3rd Estate

Natural RightsLife

LibertyPursuit of Happiness

John LockeEnlightenment

Reign of TerrorGuillotine

HeadArrest

CutPrison

Categories

Taking turns, list characteristics of the Estate System. Last one who can’t name a characteristic

loses!

CategoriesTaking turns, list characteristics of Napoleon. Last

one who can’t name one loses!

Continental System o Closed European ports to British goodso GB’s strength was its navy (kept routes to the

Americas and India open)o Failed, increased hostility toward France, prices

soared as items became scarce Invades Russia

o Tsar withdraws support of the Continental Systemo Napoleon creates the “Grand Army” from 20 Nations,

600,000o Scorched Earth Policy – burning crops and villages as

the Russians retreatedo Less than 20,000 survive

Nationalism against France spreads (Continental System, foreign oppressors)o Revolts in Spain and Austriao Guerilla attacks kept French troops thinly spread

Russia, Britain, Austria & Prussia vs. France Napoleon steps down, exiled to the island of Elba, Louis

XVIII = King of France Emigres come back looking for revenge + economic

depression = return of Napoleon Battle of Waterloo (Belgium) – final defeat, Napoleon exiled

to the island of St. Helena

Congress of Vienna Restoring stability in Europe Balance of Power, protect the system of

monarchies, redrew the map of Europe France surrounded by powerful nations Legitimacy – restoring hereditary monarchs Successful in keeping peace until 1914