Western Civilization Chapter 13 - Mediapolis...

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Western Civilization Chapter 13

Transcript of Western Civilization Chapter 13 - Mediapolis...

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Western CivilizationChapter 13

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Middle Ages

• Time period from 400‐1500.

• New lifestyle for most of Europe

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Franks

• Franks—group of people that shaped the culture of Europe (German Invaders)

• Clovis—King of the Franks (481), conquered a large area of Christian land (Into France)

• Charlemagne—Greatest of the the Frankish Kings.  He was able to create a “New Rome” by uniting most f W t E H l l t thof Western Europe.  He was also very close to the 

Pope (govt. and religion tied together)

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End of the Franks• Louis the Pious—Charlemagne’s son VeryLouis the Pious Charlemagne s son.  Very religious and well educated BUT we was politically weakpolitically weak.

• Magyars—foreigners who invaded the Frankish empire (destroy)Frankish empire (destroy)

• The empire split in half

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Vikings

• From Scandinavia

• Most feared invaders, il d d h dsailed down the coast and 

invaded and destroyed many towns in Northern Europe.

• Most were fisherman and/or sailors in theirand/or sailors in their spare time

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European Ways of Life• Feudalism—Organized like a pyramid…Kings and g py gQueens at the top, peasants at the bottom.

• Lords controlled most of the land (large areas) and h l d l ( l h d llgave the land to vassals (people who owned small 

segments of land).  Peasants worked the land.• Manorial System—Land was divided up into manors• Manorial System—Land was divided up into manors (lords, vassals, peasants all worked the land, self sufficient).  

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Chivalry

• Knights—upper class professional fighters.h l d f• Chivalry—code of 

conduct that the Knights had to followKnights had to follow (courageous in battle, loyal, respectful to 

twomen, etc..

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Church

• Church Hierarchy• Pope• Cardinals (advisors to the Pope)• Archbishops (watch over several diocese)• Bishops (manage a group of churches—diocese)• Bishops (manage a group of churches—diocese)• Priest (head of local church)

• Monasticism—life in convents (nuns) orMonasticism life in convents (nuns) or monasteries (monks).  Withdraw from society and live a more Christian lifestyle.

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St. Benedict

• Created rules to govern the lives of monks/nuns.

• Benedictine Rule—h f ldhours of prayer would make you a more holy personperson.

• Abbot—Head of monasterymonastery

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Religion• Inquisition—when the church tried to forceInquisition when the church tried to force people who did not believe (heretics), to convertconvert.

• Often times they were executed if they did not change their wayschange their ways.  

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England• Anglo‐Saxon England—Anglo Saxon EnglandGerman invaders that lived in England.  Came from the 

l d S i id dAngles and Saxons.  Divided England into Shires.

• William the Conqueror—• William the Conqueror—William of Normandy (France), conquered  England and was able to combine French and English Culture

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England• Henry II (William’s Grandson)—king of England who made many decisions that weakened the church.  Decreased the power of the clergy, had a loyal army.

• Thomas Becket Archbishop of• Thomas Becket—Archbishop of Canterbury, wouldn’t follow what Henry wanted….was killed by Henry’s Knights.y y g

• Henry felt bad, gave back a lot of power to the Church.

• Eleanor of Aquitaine—married to Henry II to strengthen the ties between England and FranceEngland and France

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Changes in England• Magna Carta—document that protected theMagna Carta document that protected the rights of the nobles and ordinary people.   Set of rules that applied to everyone like theof rules that applied to everyone…like the Constitution.

• Common Law laws based on customs and• Common Law—laws based on customs and previous decisions—no written codes.

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German Issues

• Otto I—Elected leader of many tribes within Germany.  Was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” in 962. 

h l• Henry III‐‐‐was the Holy Roman  Emperor” at the height of its power Church should be apower.  Church should be a branch of the government.

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Struggles for Power

• After Henry’s death, religious and political leaders tried to gain more powergain more power.

• Popes and Emperors did not get along well at all.get along well at all.

• Innocent III—strongest of the medieval popes.  He greatly strengthened the church, making it a world power.

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Crusades

• Series of military expeditions to regain the holy land.  Done in response to the Turks spreading Islam into Christian LandsLands. 

• Total of 4 different Crusades, only the first one was reallyonly the first one was really successful.