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IIPM

WELFARE ECONOMICS

ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED BY: SUBMITTEDTO:

SANEL K. NAIR PROF. USHAVENKATESH

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PGP/SS/09-11/IIPM-I

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Q.1 Market Regulation & working ofRegulators

Ans: Regulation is essential for the functioning of society and theeconomy. But poor-quality regulations can impose unnecessary costson the community, innovation and stifle competitive pressures. This isaimed at building policy support and skills which promote high-qualityregulations in member countries. Particular emphasis is placed onresearching and disseminating information on good practices relatingto regulatory policy, institutions and tools. The main areas of workaddressed by the division are listed under. Laws and regulationssometimes affect the nature and degree of competition, so it's valuableto assess those effects when comparing policy options. Well focusedregulations that do not unduly restrict competition are more likely to

achieve their objectives and enhance consumer welfare. Assessmentand advocacy with a view to enhancing competition is an importantrole for government officials and the public policy community.

Facilitating trade is about streamlining and simplifyinginternational trade procedures in order to allow for easier flow of goodsand trade at both national and international level. OECD analyses thebenefits and costs of trade facilitation efforts and also provides supportto WTO discussions in this area. Launched in 2001, the OECD e-Government Project explores how governments can best exploitinformation and communication technologies (ICT), good governanceprinciples and achieves public policy goals. The Project producesreports on best practices and develops frameworks for addressingissues such as cost/benefit analysis, e-services and take-up. It alsocarries out country peer reviews on e-government. These reviews placee-government in a national context, and help identify the strengths andweaknesses of national e-government program.

Q.2 Regulation in India and real situation

Ans: In India there are many regulators -- namely the Reserve Bankof India, SEBI, FMC, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority --who supervise various financial markets. Another regulator for pensionfunds Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority is waitingin the wings. These regulators, as in other countries, have an obvious

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overlap between their functions. Hence one section of experts is infavor of moving towards a unified regulatory regime with strongsupportive arguments. But, we need to look into the suitability andbenefits over costs of such a move in the Indian context.

Employment laws in India and Zimbabwe require employers toobtainpermission from the government to retrench or lay off workers. The effect of these laws on the demand for employees in 64manufacturing Industries is examined using time series data. Littleevidence is found indicating slower adjustments in employment levelsand hence retardation in any structural adjustment following the newlaws. However, in both countries a substantial decline in the demandfor employees (other things equal) followed the new legislation. InZimbabwe it is difficult to be precise about a causal connectionbetween the drop in the demand for labor (allowing for concurrentincreased wages) and the new legislationbecause enactment occurred

simultaneously with Independence;

however, the current economicclimate induced high levels of investment in capital but notinvestments in long-term commitments to employees. But in Indiafurther evidence supports a causal connection: larger establishmentscovered by the job security regulations tended to experience a declinethe demand forlabor while smaller, uncovered enterprises in the sameindustries did not; moreover the decline in demand for employeesacross industries in India was larger where the private sectorpredominates, where larger establishments covered by the new lawsare important,and where a smaller proportion of employees are unionmembers.Thus in both countries the policy implemented to protect

jobs

may have resulted in far fewer jobs.

A review of traditional welfare theory. We trace its evolution fromclassical utilitarianism to modern neoclassical welfare theory anddiscuss recent contract Arian interpretations. But while we distinguishbetween utilitarian, neoclassical, and contract Arian formulations andcompare their advantages and disadvantages, our major purpose is tounderstand the essential features of traditional welfare theory as awhole and identify the paradigm it seeks to represent. How thetraditional concept of the production function has obfuscated importanteffects of private enterprise on the labor process. We review

challenges from the "conflict school" and "segmented labor market"traditions to standard conclusions that profit maximization incompetitive environments

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Q.3Reduction in welfare compromising policiesand process situation

Ans: The Global Philanthropy Forum aims to build a community of

donors and social investors committed to international causes, and toinform, enable and enhance the strategic nature of their giving andsocial investing. By continually refreshing a lasting learningcommunity, the GPF seeks to increase the number of philanthropistswho will be strategic in pursuit of international causes. We share aconviction that individuals are not only capable of advancing humansecurity, environmental stewardship, and improved quality of life, butthat they must.

The Global Philanthropy Forum Conference is intended forindividuals who have made a significant commitment to philanthropy,

and executives from private, public, and corporate foundations.Participation in the conference is by invitation only, and invitations arenot transferable. Registration is now OPEN to all individuals whoreceived an invitation to the 9th Annual Global Philanthropy ForumConference. This conference has sold out each year, so please registeras soon as you are able to confirm your availability. In the event thatwe reach our registration capacity prior to you submitting yourregistration, your name will be added to a waitlist.

To register online, you will need your registration identification number

and a valid email address, which is shown on the printed registrationsheet included with your mailed invitation and in the email sent onDecember 10th. Please note that your registration number is uniquelymatched to your name, and will only allow for your registration. Besure to enter the email address listed on your invitation/email. If yourinvitation/email does not display an email address, you must enter oneon the next screen.

Q.4 Government of welfare enhancementscheme

Ans: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has a number ofschemes to cover the under-privileged sections of society and helpthem with maternity, post and neo-natal healthcare and familyplanning. Rehabilitation of Polio Victims and several financialassistance schemes for surgery and other health problems. Counseling

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centres are also available across the country as part of the governmentsponsored family welfare schemes.

Several important schemes are listed below:

National Family Welfare Programme- India launched theNational Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective of"reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilise thepopulation at a level consistent with the requirement of theNational economy. The Family Welfare Programme in India isrecognised as a priority area, and is being implemented as a100% centrally sponsored programme.

National Population Policy- The National Population Policy,

2000 affirms the commitment of government towards voluntaryand informed choice and consent of citizens while availing ofreproductive health care services and continuation of the targetfree approach in administering family planning services.

National Rural Health Mission- The National Rural HealthMission (2005-12) seeks to provide effective healthcare to rural

population throughout the country with special focus on 18states, which have weak public health indicators and/or weakinfrastructure. The mission aims at effective integration of healthconcerns with determinants of health like sanitation and hygiene,nutrition and safe drinking water through a District Plan forHealth.

Urban Family Welfare Schemes- This Scheme was introducedfollowing the recommendation of the Krishnan Committee in

1983. The main focus was to provide services through setting upof Health Posts mainly in slum areas. The services provided aremainly outreach of RCH services, preventive services, First Aidand referral services including distribution of contraceptives.

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Sterilization Beds Scheme- A Scheme for reservation ofSterilization beds in Hospital sun by Government, Local Bodiesand Voluntary Organisations was introduced as early as in theyear 1964 in order to provide immediate facilities for tubectomyoperations in hospitals where such cases could not be admitted

due to lack of beds etc. But later with the introduction of the PostPartum Programme some of the beds were transferred to PostPartum Programme and thereafter the beds were only sanctionedto hospitals sun by Local Bodies and Voluntary Organisations.

Reproductive and Child Health Programme- TheReproductive and Child Health Programme was launched inOctober 1997 incorporating new approach to population anddevelopment issues, as exposed in the International Conference

in Population and Development held at Cairo in 1994.Theprogramme integrated and strengthened inservices/interventions under the Child Survival and SafeMotherhood Programme and Family Planning Services and addedto the basket of services, new areas on ReproductiveTract/Sexually Transmitted infections (RTI/STI).

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