WELCOME TO OCEANOGRAPHY WITH MRS ...comstockocean.weebly.com/.../7/9/3/4/7934118/aquati… · Web...
Transcript of WELCOME TO OCEANOGRAPHY WITH MRS ...comstockocean.weebly.com/.../7/9/3/4/7934118/aquati… · Web...
Aquatic Ecology: Ocean Life Zones (notes w/ppt) 3/6 (B) and 3/7 (A)
Objectives – can you answer these?
– What are the types of ocean life zones?
– What factors influence the kinds of life found there?
– What are the types of saltwater and freshwater life zones?
– How is the aquatic environment being affected by humans?
– How can we help sustain the water world?
Must know for project:
• Know names and descriptions of zones
• Significant adaptations
• Trophic relationships
• Human factors
Aquatic Life Zones (Biomes)
• 1. The ___________________________________________ Life Zone includes the oceans of the world. 75% of world’s surface is water.
• 2. The ____________________________ Life Zone includes the rivers, ponds, streams, lakes and wetlands.
Common Organisms in Marine Life Zones
• ___________________________ are organisms that float or only weakly swim.
• ___________________________ are swimming life forms.
• ___________________________ organisms are the bottom dwellers.
• Decomposers are the _____________________________.
3 Types of Plankton:
3 Examples of Nekton:
3 Examples of Benthos:
Unique Factors for Water Life
• Sunlight only penetrates the first ___________ feet.
• Pressure ________________________________________ with depth
• Temperature ______________________________________ through thermoclines.
• Salinity of the water ______________________________ cells.
• ____________________________ provides physical support.
• Nutrients and pollution are in the water so they are ______________________ and _______________________.
• Chemicals for life (______) have to be ______________________________________________.
Oceans
• ________% of Earth’s surface.
• Key role in environment. __________________________________ starting point. Controlling factor in ______________________. Important chemical sink and cycle controller.
• Absorbs heat from sun and redistributes it, regulating ____________________________.
• __________________________ known species of life.
• Two life zones: Coastal and Open Sea.
Intertidal Zone
• The area of shoreline between __________________________________________ is the intertidal zone.
• The organisms must be ____________________________ to the ocean or shore life because of changing conditions of ___________________________.
• They must also be able to __________________________________________________ when the waves crash on them.
Coastal Zone (aka Neritic Zone)
• ______________ to end of ___________________________________________.
• _______% of ocean area: _______% of the life in the ocean.
• Site of large ____________________________________________.
• Site of most aquatic biodiversity: __________
Reef Systems in the Ocean
• Coral reef systems are a collection of many species co-habitating in a ___________________________ and sometimes ________________________________relationship.
• These are the ______________________________ of the ocean.
• The most _____________________________________ habitat in the ocean.
Effects of Mankind on Coasts
• 3.9 billion people (_____ of world population)
live along coasts or within _______ miles of a coast.
• Since 1900, the world has lost approximately
___________ of the coastal wetlands by
development.
• ________% of the USA’s wetlands and estuaries
have been lost by development. This includes
dredging and filling and waste contamination.
• Virginia’s coast has been
_________________________________ for
over a century.
Effects of Mankind on Reefs
• Mankind has killed ____% of the world’s reef systems.
• ____% are in critical condition.
• ____% are in threatened condition.
• Only ____% are stable.
• At current rates _____% of the world’s reefs could be dead in 20-40 years.
Open Ocean Biological Zones
• Open Ocean / Open Sea zone has 3 vertical zones based on the penetration of sunlight. It contains about _____% of the marine species.
– __________________- upper zone, first 200 meters.
– ________________ or ________________ - middle zone, 200-1500 meters
– ________________ - bottom zone, below 1500 meters
Euphotic Zone
– ___________________________
– ___________ Dissolved Oxygen (content varies widely from 1.5 ppm to 7.5 ppm), _______ nutrient levels, ______% of the ocean’s surface. Only _____% of commercial fish for the world.
– Zone of ______________________________________ from the atmosphere. Oceans help clean the _____________________________________________ out of the atmosphere. It turns the CO2 into _______________________________ ions that are stored in sediment of the ocean bottom.
Bathyal (Benthic) Zone
– _____ photosynthesis. ________________ Dissolved oxygen and _____________________. Pressure ___________________.
Abyssal Zone
– totally _______, strange life forms. __________________ level of Dissolved Oxygen, ____________________. Temp can be below freezing, but _________________ keeps it liquid. _______________________ nutrient layer due to the sediments.