Welcome to MM570 Psychological Statistics Unit 1 Seminar Unit 1 Seminar Instructor: Roman Zrotowski...
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Welcome to MM570Welcome to MM570Psychological StatisticsPsychological Statistics
Unit 1 SeminarUnit 1 Seminar Instructor: Roman Instructor: Roman
ZrotowskiZrotowski
Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Displaying the Displaying the
Order in a Group Order in a Group of Numbers of Numbers
Using Tables and Using Tables and GraphsGraphs
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
The Two Branches of The Two Branches of Statistical MethodsStatistical Methods
Descriptive statisticsDescriptive statistics– Summarize/organize scores from a Summarize/organize scores from a
research studyresearch study Inferential statisticsInferential statistics
– Draw conclusions/make inferences Draw conclusions/make inferences that go beyond the scores from a that go beyond the scores from a research studyresearch study
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts
VariableVariable– A characteristic that can have different A characteristic that can have different
valuesvalues ValueValue
– A possible number or category that a A possible number or category that a score can havescore can have
ScoreScore– A particular person’s value on a variableA particular person’s value on a variable
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Levels of MeasurementLevels of Measurement
Numeric (quantitative) variableNumeric (quantitative) variable– Equal-interval variablesEqual-interval variables
• e.g., GPAe.g., GPA– Rank-order (ordinal) variablesRank-order (ordinal) variables
• e.g., class ranke.g., class rank
Nominal (categorical) variablesNominal (categorical) variables– e.g., gendere.g., gender
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Frequency TablesFrequency Tables
Provide a listing of individuals Provide a listing of individuals having each of the different values having each of the different values for a particular variable.for a particular variable.
e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: 8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,1,6,7,1,6,7,
10,8,810,8,8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Steps for Making a Steps for Making a Frequency TableFrequency Table
Make a list down the page of each Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highestpossible value, from lowest to highest
Go one by one through the scores, Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its making a mark for each next to its value on the listvalue on the list
Make a table showing how many times Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is usedeach value on the list is used
Figure the percentage of scores for Figure the percentage of scores for each valueeach value
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
A Frequency TableA Frequency Table
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Grouped Frequency Grouped Frequency TableTable
A frequency table that uses intervalsA frequency table that uses intervals
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Frequency GraphsFrequency Graphs
HistogramHistogram
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Shapes of Frequency Shapes of Frequency DistributionsDistributions
Unimodal, bimodal, Unimodal, bimodal, and rectangularand rectangular
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Shapes of Frequency Shapes of Frequency DistributionsDistributions
Symmetrical and skewed Symmetrical and skewed distributionsdistributions
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Shapes of Frequency Shapes of Frequency DistributionsDistributions
Normal and kurtotic distributionsNormal and kurtotic distributions
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Controversies and Controversies and Limitations of GraphsLimitations of Graphs
Failure to use equal interval sizesFailure to use equal interval sizes Exaggeration of proportionsExaggeration of proportions
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Questions to Ask When Looking at Questions to Ask When Looking at Data and/or GraphsData and/or Graphs
Is the information presented Is the information presented correctly?correctly?
Is the graph trying to influence you?Is the graph trying to influence you? Does the scale use a regular Does the scale use a regular
interval?interval? What impression is the graph giving What impression is the graph giving
you?you?
Why is this graph Why is this graph misleading?misleading?
This title tells the reader what to think (that there are huge increases in price).
The actual increase in price is 2,000 pounds, which is less than a 3% increase.The graph shows the second bar as being 3 times the size of the first bar, which implies a 300% increase in price.
The scale moves from 0 to 80,000 in the same amount of space as 80,000 to 81,000.
A more accurate graph:A more accurate graph:An unbiased title
A scale with a regular interval.
This shows a more accurate picture of the increase.
Why is this graph Why is this graph misleading?misleading?
The scale does not have a regular interval.
This is unit 1 seminarThis is unit 1 seminar
Instructor: Instructor: Zrotowski Zrotowski Course: Course: MM570 MM570 Section 2Section 2Course Title: Applied Course Title: Applied Psychological Psychological Statistics Statistics Credit Hours: 5 Credit Hours: 5 Prerequisites: Prerequisites: None None
InstructorInstructor
Roman [email protected] Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00 Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00
pm ETpm ET
Textbook Textbook
Title: Title: Statistics for PsychologyStatistics for Psychology
Author: Aron, Aron, & CoupsAuthor: Aron, Aron, & Coups
ISBN: 0136010571 ISBN: 0136010571 Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-
Hall Hall
Relate to the bookRelate to the book
inside covers: inside covers: (a)(a)math concepts math concepts (b)(b) stat proceduresstat procedures Student intro, pXVIStudent intro, pXVI each chapter content: quizzes, each chapter content: quizzes,
examples, margins, pictures, tables, examples, margins, pictures, tables, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations,
End of chapter: summary, terms, End of chapter: summary, terms, examples, problems, SPSS, notes, examples, problems, SPSS, notes,
Required SoftwareRequired Software
SPSS Student Version 20.0SPSS Student Version 20.0 Lots of help availableLots of help available
COURSE DESCRIPTIONCOURSE DESCRIPTION
This course provides students the This course provides students the foundation for understanding and foundation for understanding and performing statistical analyses of data, performing statistical analyses of data, with applications to psychological with applications to psychological research. Topics include distributions, research. Topics include distributions, descriptive statistics, correlation, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, tests of hypotheses, and regression, tests of hypotheses, and analysis of variance techniques. Students analysis of variance techniques. Students will perform statistical tests using the will perform statistical tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is required for this course.required for this course.
Unit 1: What to do?Unit 1: What to do?
Introduce YourselfIntroduce Yourself ReadingReading SeminarSeminar DiscussionDiscussion Announcements, Syllabus, etcAnnouncements, Syllabus, etc
AssessmentsAssessments
AssessmentsAssessments NumberNumber Points eachPoints eachTotal PointsTotal Points
DiscussionsDiscussions 99 5050450450
ProjectsProjects 44550550
Total PointsTotal Points 1000 Points1000 Points
projects (and other assignments) are due by projects (and other assignments) are due by
11:59 PM ET on Tuesday11:59 PM ET on Tuesday
DISCUSSION DISCUSSION BOARDS BOARDS
Discussion questionsDiscussion questions Ask and answer subquestionsAsk and answer subquestions About the course materialAbout the course material Share knowledgeShare knowledge References and originalityReferences and originality Initial postsInitial posts ResponsesResponses Number and timingNumber and timing
NETIQUETTE NETIQUETTE
Capital letters, etcCapital letters, etc Balance short and to the point with Balance short and to the point with
clarityclarity Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and
compositioncomposition Be constructive, respectful, positive,Be constructive, respectful, positive, Read postsRead posts Post of the week: two viewsPost of the week: two views