At the end of this topic, studentsshould be able to:

a)b)

Identify types of operating systemExplain the functions of operating system

1

Chapter Two

Computer System2.6.1.1 System Software – Operating System

Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells thecomputer what tasks to perform and how toperform them

System Software

• Operating system• Utility program

TYPE

Application Software• Word processing•Spreadsheet•Presentation Application•Database•Web BrowserPages 15 - 16

Figures 1-10 - 1-112

System Software

• System software consists of the programscontrol or maintain the operations of the

that

computer and its devicesTYPE

Operatingsystems

UtilityProgram

s

Page 398 3Discovering Computers : Chapter 8

Types of Operating Systems

•UNIX

•Solaris

Page 412

Figure 8-144

• Windows Server 2008

•Linux

•Netware

• Windows•Mac OS x•UNIX•Linux

• Windows Embedded CE•Windows Phone 7•Palm OS•iPhone OS•BlackBerry•Google Android•Embedded Linux•Symbian OS

Stand-alone Embedded / mobileServer

:

1. Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a completeoperating system that works on a desktopcomputer, notebook computer, or mobilecomputing

Examplesdevice

•Windows Mac OS X

UNIX Linux

Page 412 5

Windows

• Windows is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operatingsystem to date.

• Windows provides programs (built-in) such as:

-

---

Windows

WindowsWindows

Firewall

DVD MakerMedia Player

Desktop Gadget Gallery

Pages 413 - 414 6

• Windows is a Proprietary OS

Mac OS• The Macintosh operating system

operating system ease of usehas set the standard for

• Latest version is Mac OS X and it a Proprietary OS

Page 415

Figure 8-197

UNIX and LINUX

UNIX is a multitaskingoperating system developedin the early 1970s

Linux is an open-source,popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system

Pages 416 – 417

Figures 8-20 – 8-218

UNIX and LINUX is Open Source OS

2. Server Operating Systems• An operating system that is designed specifically to support

a network • Typically resides on a server Examples :

Windows UNIX LinuxServer 2008

Solaris NetWare

Pages 417 - 418 9

3. Embedded/Mobile Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chipon a mobile

Examples :device or consumer electronic device

•

WindowsEmbedded CE

WindowsPhone 7

Palm OS iPhone OS

GoogleAndroid

EmbeddedLinux

BlackBerry Symbian OS

Pages 418 - 420 10

Pages 419 – 420Figures 8-22 – 8-26

11

Page 412

Figure 8-1412

Category Operating System NameStand-alone • DOS

• Early Windows versions(Windows 3.x, Windows 95,Windows NT Workstation,Windows 98, Windows 2000Professional, Windows MillenniumEdition, Windows XP,Windows Vista)• Windows 7• Mac OS X• UNIX• Linux

Page 412

Figure 8-1413

Category Operating System NameServer • Early Windows Server

versions (Windows NT Server,Windows 2000 Server,Windows Server 2003)• Windows Server 2008• UNIX• Linux• Solaris• NetWare

Page 412

Figure 8-1414

Category Operating System NameEmbedded • Windows Embedded CE

• Windows Phone 7• Palm OS• iPhone OS• BlackBerry• Google Android• Embedded Linux• Symbian OS

Operating Systems (OS)• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources

1. Start and shutdown a computer

5. Provide a userinterface

3. Manage programs2. Manage memory

7. Establish an Internet connection

6. Monitor performance4. Control a network

Pages 398 - 399 15

Function of OS

Coordinate tasks Configure devices

Provide utilities Automatically update

Administer security

Pages 398 - 399 16

Others Functions of OS

Functions of Operating System1.

•Start and Shut Down a Computer

The process of starting or restarting a computer iscalled booting

Page 400

Figure 8-217

Warm boot

• Using the operating system to restart a computer

Cold boot

• Turning ona computerthat hasbeenpowered offcompletely

2. Manage Memory

••

Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

Operating System allocates data and instructions tomemory while they are being processed, monitors thecontent of memory and release from memory when theprocessor no longer requires them

Page 406

Figure 8-818

3. Manage Programs

• How an operating system handles programs directlyaffects your productivity

• An OS manages multiple programsyou use the computer

& processes while

Singleuser/SingleTasking

Single user/multitasking Multiuser

Preemptivemultitasking Multiprocessing

Pages 404 - 405 19

4. Control a Network

• •Some operating systemsare designed to workwith a server on anetwork

A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

A networkadministrator uses theserver operating systemto:–• Add and remove users,

computers, and otherdevices

Install software and administer network security

–

Page 410 20

5. Provide a User Interface

• A user interface controls how you enter data andinstructions and how informationthe screen

2 types of user interface:

is displayed on

•

Graphical user interface

Command-line(GUI)

Pages 402 – 403

Figure 8-421

• With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact withmenus and visual images

Pages 402 – 403

Figure 8-422

• With a command-line interface, a user uses thekeyboard to enter data and instructions

Page 403

Figure 8-523

6. Monitor Performance

• A performancemonitor is a programthat assesses andreports informationabout variouscomputer resourcesand devices

Pages 408 – 409

Figure 8-1124

7. Establish an Internet Connection

• Operating systems typically provide a means toestablish Internet connections

This figure illustrate to connect to a network using windows

Page 408

Figure 8-1025

Other Functions of Operating System1. Coordinate Tasks• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

This figure illustrate three document in the queue with one document printingPage 407Figure 8-9

26

2. Configure Devices

• Short for device driver• Most device and OS support plug and play

A driver is a smallprogram that tells theoperating system how

Plug and Playautomatically

configures newas you install

devicesthem

to communicate withspecific device

a

Page 408 27

3. Provide File Management and Other Utilities

• Operating systems often provide users with thecapability of:

Managingfiles

Searchingfiles

for Viewingimages

Securing acomputer

Uninstallingprograms

Cleaningdisks

up Diagnosingproblems

Defragmentingdisks

Backing upfiles and

disks

Setting upscreen savers

Page 409 28

4. Automatically Update

• Automatic update automatically provides updatesto the program

Page 409

Figure 8-1229

5. Administer Security

• Establish permissions toresources

Define who & when they can access certain resourcesBy setting user account Each user has a user account

•

••

– A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific userA password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name

–

Page 410

Figure 8-1330