Composition IIWeek 5ThursdaySeptember 22, 2016Reminders:Be working on MLA short essay (Outline and sources due 10/4)

Be working on Mini Paper final draft (due 9/27)

No journal this week

Analyzing Arguments RhetoricallyWeek Five- Thursday

What is rhetoric?• The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques Aimed at motivating specific audiences in specific

situations• Our best known definition comes from Aristotle: The faculty of observing in any given case the

available means of persuasion• Aristotle claimed there were three persuasive audience appeals Logos Pathos Ethos

In-class activity• Take out a pencil and paper• At the top write your name and the date• Write 1-2 sentences concerning your viewpoint on the existence of the

Headless Horseman? Is he real?• No need to expand. Just provide a yes or no statement

Logos- Appeal to Logic• Attempt to provide sufficient evidence from empirical sources and sound reasoning• Avoid using logical fallacies• Logos is matter–of–fact

Provide statistics and a reliable interpretation of precise research

Logos Activity:• Appeal to logic or reason Theoretical language Denotative meaning/reasons

Literal and historical analogies

Definitions Factual data and statistics

Quotations Citations from experts and authorities

Informed opinions

• Find persuasive material from The Legend of Sleepy Hollow that appeals to logos.

• List these appeals underneath your statement about the Headless Horseman

• Try to come up with three appeals to logic

Pathos- Appeal to Emotion• Draw audience in by offering emotionally charged reasoning with vivid

visuals that affect the audience's emotions• This rhetorical appeal is often used to elicit a specific emotional

response, such as: Outrage Anger Sadness Happiness Desire

• The hope is that if the reader or observer feels the emotional response they will be persuaded.

Pathos Activity:• Pathos is an appeal to emotion Vivid, concrete

language Emotionally loaded

language Connotative

meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of

emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language

• Find persuasive material from The Legend of Sleepy Hollow that appeals to pathos.

• List these appeals underneath your statement about the Headless Horseman

• Try to come up with three appeals to emotion

Ethos- Appeal to Moral Philosophy• Demonstrate reliability, credibility, and a correct moral philosophy• Has everything to do with the morals and values of a community,

nation, or society• You are persuading an audience because you have an understand of

the values and beliefs of that audience

Ethos Activity:• Ethos is an appeal to moral philosophy Language appropriate to audience and subject

Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation

Appropriate level of vocabulary

Clear Articulation Multiple presented perspectives

• Find persuasive material from The Legend of Sleepy Hollow that appeals to pathos.

• List this appeal underneath your statement about the Headless Horseman

• Try to come up with one appeal to morality

Peer Review. Personal Review.• Peer review is a form of rhetorical analysis, in which people of equal

scholastic or professional achievement create opinions on the works of others

• Peer review is not just beneficial to your peer, it also helps you ask questions and develop your own opinion on the same topic

• Conducting a successful and in-depth peer review and rhetorical analysis is all about asking the right questions about a specific text

Professional Rhetorical Analysis• When will a person use rhetorical analysis outside of in-class peer

reviews?• Peer reviewing is very similar to professional rhetorical analysis• When reviewing a work that you intend to analyze, take the same

steps as you did in your in-class peer review• Ask the following questions and form an opinion…

Ask yourself questions.• Asking the right questions can lead you to a well balanced and

informed opinion• This translates into a coherent and well-thought out argument• It is a good practice to write out your own answers to these questions

when conducting a rhetorical analysis

Open your books to page 159• Let’s go over these questions in class• While we discuss, consider your topic for the MLA short essay and

your draft of the Mini Paper• How does your own argument stand up to this kind of scrutiny?

DUE:• Tuesday September 27:

Read 23-36

• Be working on Mini Paper I am willing to review your rough draft until 9/25 Please email me your rough draft before this Sunday and I will

send you back some notes• Be working on MLA short essay

Proposals for additional topics must be submitted to the Journal feature on Blackboard by 10/1