Week 6 Material Selection Chart2

8/19/2019 Week 6 Material Selection Chart2

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En. Muhammad Hanaf BinAsril Rajo Mantari

DAM 21102ENGINEERING MATERIAL ELE!TI"N

#EE$ % &MATERIAL ELE!TI"N !HART '2(

1Hanaf,JKM,PPD,2015


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2

• Basic procedure or material selection is establishinthe lin! bet"een material and unction #$iure 1%&

•

' material hasattributes

#densit(, strenth, cost,resistance to corrosion etc&%& )eer to $iure 2

• The selection is done by:

a) Screening & Ranking

b) Supporting Informationc) Property Limits

d) Material Indices

INTR"D)!TI"N


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*

Figure 1: Material selection isdetermined by function. Shapesometimes influences theselection. (M.F. Ashby, 1999

a

er

a

sa

rPhysical,

mechanic

l,thermal, electrical,environmental,economicproperti


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Materials +election Hanaf,JKM,PPD,201*

Kingdom Family Class Sub-class Member Attributes

Material

Ceramics

lasses

Metals

Polymers

!lastomers

Composites

Steels

Cu-alloys

Al alloys

"i-alloys

#i-alloys

$n-alloys

%&&&

'&&&

(&&&

)&&&

*&&&

+&&&

,&&&

&&&

*&&*-.

*&&*-/)

*&&*-/+

*&(-.

*&(-/'

*&(-/)

*%*)-.

*%*)-/'

0ensity

Modulus

Strength

"oughness

"-conductivity

"-e1pansion

2esistivity

Cost

Corrosion

o1idation

$iure 2- .a/onom( o the !indom o materials andtheir attributes #M&$& 'shb(, 1%

MATERIAL ATTRIB)TE


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5

• Screening – elimination of candidates materials !hich cannot do the

"ob at all because one or more of their attributes liesoutside the limits imposed by the design.

• #an$ing – listing of materials according to their capability to gi%e

the best performance for certain application.

• &roperty limits help to separate the suitable materials.

• Materials 'nde identifies the best materials among a groupof the suitable materials.

• #efer Figure )

a(*r++nin, - Ranin,

trat+,/ or +l+*tion o

Mat+rial


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Figure ): The strategy for materials selection. The main steps are enclosed incolored boes (M.F. Ashby, 1999

'll Materials

+creenin- appl( propert( limits#liminates candidates "hich can3t do the 4ob%

)an!in- appl( material indices#$ind candidates "hich can do the 4ob "ell%

+ubset o Materials

+upportin normation-

Handboo!s, speciali6ed sot"are, e/pert s(stems, 7D8)9M+,:::#+earch ;amil( histor(< o candidates%

Prime 7andidates

=ocal conditions#Does the choice match local needs, e/pertise>%

$inal Material 7hoice


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?

( uortin, Inormation

• The outcome of the screening step is a shortlist ofcandidates !hich satisfy the *uantifiable re*uirements ofthe design.

• +eed details profile for each materials (properties, graphic,

price etc.

• 'nformation can be found in handboo$s, suppliers datasheets, -/based data sources and the !orld!ide !eb.

• All materials information !ill be compared in order to beable to carry out details selection.


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@

*(Lo*al !onditions

• The final choice bet!een competing candidates !ill oftendepend on local conditions e.g.

/ in/house epertise,

/ e*uipment,

/ a%ailability of suppliers etc.

• There is no specific procedure for this part epect totally

depends on the local conditions.


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• esign re*uirements for a component defines to prescriptionof materials through obser%ation on

/ function of component

/ design constraints

/ design objective

!hich is determined by designer in order to optimi0e thecomponent performance.

• Function, ob"ecti%e and constraints define the boundaryconditions for selecting a material.

d(D+ri3ation o 4ro+rt/ Limits

and Mat+rial Indi*+s


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Function, Objective & Constraint (design

requirements)

Function hat does component do2

3b"ecti%e hat is to be maimi0ed or

minimi0ed2

-onstraints * hat non/negotiable conditions

must be met2

hat negotiable but desirable

conditions2

5 t is sometimes useul to distinuish bet"een Ahard3 and Asot3 constraints& +tiness and strenth miht beabsolute reCuirements #hard constraints% cost mihtbe neotiable #a sot constraint%&


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Property Limits

• 'n%ol%e the certain le%el of ability need to be fulfill bymaterial to carry out the re*uired function.

•4ample: – 'f the component must operate at 5678-, then all

materials !ith a maimum ser%ice temperature lessthan this are eliminated.

•

The screening procedure uses property limits deri%edin this !ay to reduce the $ingdom of materials to aninitial shortlist.


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12

Eercises :• 'dentify design requirements (function, ob"ecti%e and

constraints for each product in the stated cases studies.

-ase 1 :A design of cylindrical tie/rod of specified length

l , to carry a tensile force F !ithout failure it is

to be of minimum mass.


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1*

Answers :

-ase 1 :

$unction .ie8rod

9b4ectiEe Minimi6e the mass

7onstraints #a% =enth, l specifed

#b% +upport tensile load $ "ithout ailin


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1

-ase 5 :

Thin$ of golf/club shafts. -onsider, then, a light

beam of s*uare section b x b and length l loaded in

ending !hich must meet a constraint on its stiffness

S, meaning that it must not deflect more than δ

under a load F .

A

F

b

b

l

δ


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Answers :7ase 2 -

$unction Beam

9b4ectiEe Minimi6e the mass


#b% +upport bendin load $ "ithout

deFectin too much


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1

-ase ) :

-onsider the selection of a light beam for a strength

limited application. eflection is acceptable

pro%ided the component does not fail. The

dimensions are the same as the beam in case 5.

$unction Beam9b4ectiEe Minimi6e the mass


#b% +upport bendin load $ "ithout

ailin b( (ield or racture


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1?

-ase ; :e see$ for the cheapest legs of a table (cylindricalcolumn of a specified height, l, !hich !ill safelysupport a load F .

$unction 7olumn

9b4ectiEe Minimi6e the cost


#b% +upport compressiEe load $

"ithout buc!lin


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7ase +tud( 1

• Mat+rials or tal+ l+,s

• =uii .aEolino, urniture desiner, conceiEes o a

liht"eiht table o darin simplicit(- a Fat sheet otouhened lass supported on slender, unbraced,c(lindrical les #$iure 1%& .he les must be solid #toma!e them thin% and as liht as possible #to ma!e thetable easier to moEe%& .he( must support the table top

and "hateEer is placed upon it "ithout buc!lin& :hatmaterials could one recommend>

Materials +election Hanaf,JKM,PPD,201* 1@


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Materials +election Hanaf,JKM,PPD,201* 1

$iure 1- ' liht"eihttable "ith slender

c(lindrical les&


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$unction 7olumn #supportin compressiEeloads%

9b4ectiEe a% Minimi6e the massb% Ma/imi6e slenderness


#b% Must not buc!le under desin

loads #c% Must not racture iaccidentall( struc!

Desin reCuirements or table les


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Model• .his problem has t"o ob4ectiEes- "eiht is to be minimi6ed, and

slenderness ma/imi6ed&

• .here is one constraint- resistance to buc!lin& 7onsiderminimi6in "eiht frst&

• .he "eiht is minimi6ed b( selectin the subset o materials"ith the reatest Ealue o the material inde/&

• .he thinnest le is that made o the material "ith the larest

Ealue o the material inde/



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.he selection• :e see! the subset o materials "hich haEe hih Ealues

o 1G2 Gp and & $iure 2 sho"s the appropriate chart- ounIs modulus, , plotted aainst densit(, p&

•' uideline o slope 2 is dra"n on the diaram itdefnes the slope o the rid o lines or Ealues o o 1G2 Gp& .he uideline is displaced up"ards #retainin theslope% until a reasonabl( small subset o materials isisolated aboEe it

• it is sho"n at the position M PaIGLG#MGmI%&Materials aboEe this line haEe hiher Ealues o



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Materials +election Hanaf,JKM,PPD,201* 2*

M1


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M1

M2


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.he selected material is 7$)P


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.Han! (ou

2Hanaf,JKM,PPD,2015

Week 6 Material Selection Chart2

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