Week 4 ETEC 668 Quantitative Research in Educational Technology
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Transcript of Week 4 ETEC 668 Quantitative Research in Educational Technology
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Week 4 ETEC 668 Quantitative Research in Educational Technology
Dr. Seungoh Paek
February 5, 2014
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Tonight’s Agenda
Research Presentations Introduction to SPSS Group Discussion
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Research Presentations
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Groups
1. Alicia & Rochelle
2. Chloe & Nat
3. Joe & Penn
4. Jonathan & Yasmin
Number Generator
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Continuing Week 3
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Let’s review…
What are the four types of measurement scales? (Clue: N.O.I.R)– Nominal– Ordinal– Interval– Ratio
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When to use which …
Level of Measurement
Statistics for Measuring
Nominal Ordinal I/R
Central Tendency
Mode Median Mean
Dispersion/Variability
- Range VarianceStd Dev
1
4
2 3
5
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igma Freud & Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 2 & Chapter 3
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SPSS
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Data for Practice
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Using SPSS
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Using SPSS
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A TASTE of RSTudio
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R
R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics.
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RStudio
RStudio is a free and open source integrated development environment (IDE) for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics.
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A Taste of PSPP
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PSPP
Download PSPP - For Mac, click here. For Window, click here.
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igma Freud & Descriptive Statistics
A Picture is Really Worth a Thousand Words
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Outline
Why pictures are worth “a thousand words” How to create:• Histogram• Polygon
Using SPSS to create & modify charts Different types of charts and their uses
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Why Illustrate Data?
When describing a set of scores you will want to use two things…– One score for describing the group of data
• Measure of Central Tendency
– Measure of how diverse or different the scores are from one another• Measure of Variability/Dispersion
– However, a visual representation of these two measures is much more effective when examining distributions.
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Ten Ways to a Great Figure
Minimize the “junk” Plan before you start creating Say what you mean…mean what you say Label everything Communicate ONE idea Keep things balanced Maintain the scale in the graph Remember…simple is best Limit the number of words The chart alone should convey what you want to say
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Frequency Distributions
Method of tallying, and representing the number of times a certain score occurs– Group scores into interval classes/ranges
Creating class intervals– Range of 2, 5, 10, or 20 data points– 10 -20 data points cover entire range of data– List class interval with a multiple of the interval– Largest interval goes at the top
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Histograms
Class Intervals
Along the x-Axis
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Histograms
Hand Drawn Histogram
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Frequency Polygon
“continuous line that represents the frequencies of scores within a class interval”
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Cumulative Frequency Distribution
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Fat & Skinny of Frequency Distributions
Distributions can be different in four different ways…– Average value– Variability– Skewness– Kurtosis
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Average Value
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Variability
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Skewness (lack of symmetry/lopsidedness)
Positive & Negative Skewness
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Kurtosis (flat vs. peaked)
Platykurtic (flat) & Leptokurtic (peaked)
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Cool Ways to Chart Data
Column Chart
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Cool Ways to Chart Data
Line Chart
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Cool Ways to Chart Data
Pie Chart
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Using the Computer to Illustrate Data
Creating Histogram Graphs
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Using the Computer to Illustrate Data
Creating Bar Graphs
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Using the Computer to Illustrate Data
Creating Line Graphs
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Using the Computer to Illustrate Data
Creating Pie Graphs
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Conducting a Literature Review
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7-part Model for Conceptualizing Quantitative Ed Tech Research
1. Select a Topic2. Identify the Research Problem3. Conduct a Literature Review4. State the Research questions and hypotheses5. Determine the Research Design6. Determine the Methods7. Identify Data Analysis Procedures
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Purposes of Literature Review in Quantitative Research
1. Clarify the research project2. Clarify the research problem3. Verify the significance of the research
problem – worth studying ? 4. Specify the purpose of the study5. Identify relevant studies6. Identify relevant theories7. Clarify research subproblems
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Purposes of Literature Review in Quantitative Research
8. Develop definitions of major variables
9. Identify limitations and assumptions
10. Select a research design
11. Identify tools of measurement
12. Direct data collection & analysis
13. Interpret findings
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Use of the Literature
In quantitative research, typically there’s substantial amount of literature at the beginning of a study to:– provide direction for the research questions or
hypotheses.– describe a problem– introduce a theory
Deductively as a framework for the research questions or hypotheses
At the end of study, literature is revisited to compare the results with existing findings in the literature
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Steps in Conducting Lit Review
1. Identify key words, descriptors, useful in locating materials in a library
2. With key words in mind, search library catalogs, focus initially on journals & books related to topic
3. Search online databases typically reviewed by social science researchers, e.g ERIC, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Google Scholar, etc.
4. Initially, try to locate about 50 research articles or books related to your topic
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Steps in Conducting Lit Review
5. Skim this initial group of articles or chapters & duplicate those that are central to your topic
6. As you find useful literature, create a literature map – visual picture of groupings of literature on the topic
7. Draft summaries of the most relevant articles – include precise citations for the articles using APA, preferably use EndNotes
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Steps in Conducting Lit Review
8. Assemble the lit review by organizing it thematically or by important concepts
9. End the lit review with a summary of the major themes and suggest how your study further adds to the literature.
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Priority for Selecting Literature Material
Begin with broad synthesis of the literature, e.g. summaries of the literature on your topic in journal article, encyclopedia.
Next, look for refereed journal articles in respected, national journal. Start with most recent issues and work backward in time.
Follow up on references/bibliographies at the end of key articles for more sources
Turn to books related to the topic Next search recent conference papers Time permitting, scan the entries in Dissertation Abstracts Also search the Web
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Group Research Project Possible Group Research Project Topic
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7-part Model for Conceptualizing Quantitative Ed Tech Research
1. Select a Topic2. Identify the Research Problem3. Conduct a Literature Review4. State the Research questions and hypotheses5. Determine the Research Design6. Determine the Methods7. Identify Data Analysis Procedures
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Selecting a Topic
Identify general area of interest, focus Find something that you’re passionate
about Topic that would “make a difference” Something fun that you’re curious about
(hopefully!) Groups’ topic areas – future schools; cyber
charter school; tech integration; what else?
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Start with Questions
As a researcher in the field of educational technology, what do you think is your task? In other words, what do you want to do as a ETEC researcher?
Is there an exemplary research paper that you have read about the field of educational technology?
What changes do you want to make to the field? Is there a contribution that you want to make? If so, in which area of this multidisciplinary area?
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Identify the Research Problem
Determine problem/concern within your topic area
How important is the problem to the field How does it expand on existing knowledge Requires knowledge of the literature &
current research activities Bounce research problem/focus off others
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Library & Research Tools
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Library Services
http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu
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Voyager – Combined UH Libraries
http://uhmanoa.lib.hawaii.edu/ Basic Search tab– Search by title, keyword, author, call number– Limit by Manoa, DVD, Last 5 years
Guided Search tab– Boolean term combinations AND, OR, NOT
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Voyager – Combined UH Libraries
Reserves– PDF format– Search by instructor’s name, campus, and/or course– Frequently linked from WebCT courses
Intrasystem Loan (within UH Libraries)– http://libweb.hawaii.edu/uhmlib/forms/forms_isl.html– Free for neighbor island students– Use “Request” tool in Voyager
• Login requires barcode• Pick up at your local UH library
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Electronic Resources
Linked from Library Homepage– E-resources & Databases
Business / Humanities /Social Science ERIC (via Ebscohost version)– UHM License only– Activate your ID code• Enter ID barcode OR• Enter UH username & Password
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Google Scholar
Google Scholar– http://scholar.google.com/– Advanced search tips• Author search• Publication restrict• Date restrict• Phrase search• Intitle: requires following term in document title
– Settings Library links
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Online Resources
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/literature_review.html
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html
APA style manual:– http://www.apastyle.org/– http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/
560/01/
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What to do in Week 04
1. Do the required readings for Week 05.– Salkind, N. J. Chapter 7. Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions– Salkind, N. J. Chapter 8. Are Your Curves Normal? Probability and Why
It Counts
2. Choose an article that interests you and complete an article critique workshop (Due by Tuesday, February 11th).
3. Continue the group discussion on the final research paper, and post the literature review outline for your paper to the Forum in Laulima (Due by Tuesday, February 18th).