Week 2 Evolution of Wireless Mobile Communications_3G and Key LTE System and Service...

8/14/2019 Week 2 Evolution of Wireless Mobile Communications_3G and Key LTE System and Service Characteristics.pdf

1/82

International

TelecommunicationUnion

Week 2. Evolution of Wireless MobileCommunications: 3G and Key LTE System

and Service Characteristics

ITU Asia-Pacific Centres of Excellence Online Trainingon

4G LTE Mobile Systems and Applications

11 November 2013Republic of Korea

Hyung-Jin Choi, Professor,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea


2/82

2

Contents

Review of 3G (W-CDMA) Wireless Communications

Review of 3G (HSDPA, HSUPA) Wireless Communications

Evolution to 4G LTE Wireless Communications

ICT Convergence with 4G LTE

Key Characteristics of 4G LTE and LTE Advanced Systems

Service Characteristics of 4G LTE Systems

Future Evolution of Mobile Service for 2020

Emerging Trends in Next Generation Wireless Access (NGWA)Emerging Trends in Infrastructure Sharing for Faster IMT Deployment

Evolving IMT Technologies and New Deployment Techniques to meet the End-Users

Expectations

Contents


3/82


4/82

4

WCDMA (UMTS)

Originated from Japan's NTT DoCoMo's FOMA service and the most-commonly used

member of the UMTS family

It utilizes the DS-CDMA channel access method and the TDD duplexing method to

achieve higher speeds and support more users compared to most TDMA system used

today

Radio channels are 5MHz wide

Chip rate of 3.84 Mcps (chips per second)

Supported mode of duplex: frequency division (FDD), time division (TDD)

WCDMA (3GPP)


5/82

5

System Parameters

WCDMA (3GPP)

Parameters Values

Channel Bandwidth 5MHz

Duplex method FDD/TDD

Base stationSynchronization Asynchronous operation

Chip rate 3.84 Mcps

Frame length 10ms 15-slot

Service multiplexingMultiple services with different quality of service requirements

multiplexed on one connection

Multi-rate concept Variable spreading factor and multi-code

Detection Coherent detection using pilot symbols or common pilot

Multiuser detection,smart antennas

Supported by the standard, optional in the implementation


6/82

6

Dedicated Channel + Common Channel

Common Transport Channels (Need for inband identification of MSs)

Dedicated Transport Channels (MS identified by physical channel)

System Frame Number (SFN)

Cell System Frame Number counter

Used in the UMTS system to identify the framing and timing of a cell on a Node B

Sent on BCH

Used for paging groups and system information scheduling etc

Connection Frame Number (CFN)

Indicator as to which radio frame the first data was received on uplink or shall be transmitted on

downlink

The frame counter used for the L2/transport channel synchronization between UE and UTRAN

WCDMA Physical Channel


7/82

7

The Basic 3 Steps for the Initial Cell Search (for UE)

Searches the 256-chip primary synchronization code

The primary synchronization code is the same in every slot

The peak detected corresponds to the slot boundary

Seeks the largest peak from the Secondary SCH

64 possibilities for the secondary synchronization coed word

Seeks the primary scrambling codes that belong to that particular code group

Synchronization Procedure


8/82


9/82

9

Dedicated Downlink Physical Channel (DPCH)

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Common Downlink Physical Channel

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronization Channel (SCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)CPCH Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)

CPCH Collision-Detection/ Channel-Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH), CPCH State Indicator Channel (CSICH)

WCDMA Forward Link Physical Channel


10/82

10

Mapping of Transport Channels onto Physical Channels

Transport channel

Defines how data from upper layer is delivered to physical channel (WCDMA characteristics)

WCDMA Forward Link Physical Channel

Transport Channels

DCH

BCH

FACH

PCH

Physical Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P - CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S - CCPCH)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

Acquisition Indicat or Channel (AICH)

Access Preamble Acqu isition Indicator Channel (AP - AICH)

Paging Indicat or Channel (PICH)

CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)

Collision -Detection /Channel - Assig nment Indicator

Channel (CD /CA - ICH )

DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)


11/82

11

DPCH (Dedicated physical channel)

Frame length = 10ms

1 radio frame = 15 slots

1 slot = 2560 chip

Chip rate = 3.84 Mcps

Time Multiplexing

(DPDCH + DPCCH)

DPDCH - transmits message data

Data rate varies from 15 kbps(7.5 ksps) to 1920 kbps(960 ksps) depends on spreading factor

and slot format(SF: 4~512)

DPCCH

TPC (Transmit Power Control)

TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator)

Pilot

WCDMA Dedicated Physical Channel

One radio frame, T f = 10 ms

TPC NTPC bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)

Data2 Ndata2 bits

DPDCH

TFCI NTFCI bits

Pilot N pilot bits

Data1 Ndata1 bits

DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH


12/82

12

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

30Kbps, SF: 256

Transmits pre-determined bit(symbol) sequence: (1+j)

CPICH is un-modulated downlink channel

Phase reference of other downlink physical channel

Used for 3 step cell search , channel estimation (AFC, channel estimator), and SIR estimation

for handover

WCDMA Common Pilot Channel

Pre-defined symbol sequence

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits = 10 symbols

1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms


13/82

13

Spreading

Combining of forward link physical channels

WCDMA Transmitter

I

downlink physicalchannel

S

PCch,SF,m(OVSF

j

Sdl,n(Scramblin code

Q

I+jQ SModulationMapper

Different downlinkPhysical channels(point S) G1

G2

GP

GS

S-SCH

P-SCH

(point T)


14/82

14

Channelization Code

Channelization code

Uses OVSF(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) Code

In WCDMA system, variable length Walsh code is used for support variable transmit rate

Spread spectrum

Multiplies channelization code to low-rate physical channel data symbol to set the final

transmit rate 3.84 Mcps

Spreading gain (= PG: Processing Gain) can be obtained by spread spectrum

WCDMA Transmitter


15/82

15

Channelization Code (contd)

OVSF code tree

OVSF code keeps orthogonality between downlink channels - channel division

If some code is selected, orthogonality cannot be maintained between the lower

branch codes

Cannot be used for channels in the same mobile station

WCDMA Transmitter

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

C ch,1,0 = (1)

C ch,2,0 = (1,1)

C ch,2,1 = (1,-1)

C ch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

C ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

C ch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

C ch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)


16/82

16

Channelization Code (contd)

Generation method for channelization code

WCDMA Transmitter

1C ch,1,0 =

=

=

11

11

0,1,

0,1,

0,1,

0,1,

1,2,

0,2,

ch

ch

ch

ch

ch

ch

C

C

C

C

C

C

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

=

++

++

+

+

+

+

12,2,12,2,

12,2,12,2,

1,2,1,2,

1,2,1,2,

0,2,0,2,

0,2,0,2,

112,12,

212,12,

3,12,

2,12,

1,12,

0,12,

:::

nnchnnch

nnchnnch

nchnch

nchnch

nch

nch

nchnch

nnch

nnch

nch

nch

nch

nch

C C

C C

C C

C C

C C

C C

C

C

C

C

C

C


17/82

17

Scramble Code

After spreading, scrambling code which has the same chip rate is multiplied to the

signal

Theres no additional spread spectrum

Used for identifying Base Stations

18 stage Gold sequence is used for scrambling code generation

Scrambling code period is 262143 chips

WCDMA (asynchronous) uses 512 of different sequences which have a good correlation

property Use partial sequences to keep the frame length to 10msec (38400 chips)

WCDMA Transmitter


18/82

International

TelecommunicationUnion

Review of 3G (HSDPA, HSUPA)Wireless Communications


19/82

19

HSPA (High Speed Packet Access )

A collection of two mobile telephony protocols High Speed Downlink Packet Access

(HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

Extend and improve the performance of existing WCDMA protocols

HSDPA Downlink peak data rates up to 14 Mbps

HSUPA Uplink data rates up to 5.76Mbps

Adopted 16-QAM modulation

HSDPA is a 3GPP Release 5 feature for UMTS FDD/TDD

HSPA+ (Evolved High-Speed Packet Access )

A wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP release 7

Evolved HSPA provides data rates up to 42 Mbit/s in the downlink and 11 Mbit/s in the

uplink (per 5MHz carrier) with multiple input

Multiple output (MIMO) technologies and higher order modulation (i.e., 64QAM)

HSPA/HSPA+


20/82

20

Shared Channel Transmission

Channelization codes and transmission power in a cell are dynamically shared

between users

New shared physical and transport channels are introduced

AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)

Adaptation of transmission parameters to radio conditions and UE capability

Downlink modulation scheme

16QAM : UE capability

QPSK : mandatory for UE

Twice the peak rate capability than BPSK

More Efficient use of bandwidth than BPSK

However, it requires better radio channel condition

HSDPA Key Features


21/82

21

Short TTI (Transmission Time Interval)

New 2ms TTI

Reduces roundtrip time and improves the tracking of channel variations

Channel codes from the shared code resource are dynamically allocated every 2ms or 500 times

per second

Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission

Hybrid ARQ

Combines FEC and ARQ

Defined for HS-DSCH and E-DCH

Includes information that indicates whether a new data block is transmitted for the first time or isa retransmission

Improving robustness against link adaptation errors

Soft combining

Chase combining vs. Incremental redundancy

HSDPA Key Features


22/82

22

Fast Scheduling in Node-B instead of RNC (Radio Network Controller)

Moving scheduling and processing retransmissions closer to air interface

New MAC-hs protocol entity in the Node-B

Channel dependent scheduling

To select/transmit favorable UEs with short-term variations instantaneously

Multi user diversity

In fact, it mostly depends on scheduling policy within the Node B scheduler

Node-B scheduler (Channel-dependent scheduler)

UE Selection : Round-robin, Max C/I, PF

MCS selection according to CQI FB Determines the # of codes to be used

HSDPA Key Features


23/82

23

3GPP Release 6 Feature for UMTS FDD

Official name is FDD Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)

Not a standalone feature, but uses most of the basic features of the WCDMA/R99

Cell selection and synchronization, random access, basic mobility procedures, etc, are

needed and remain unchanged

Main focus: enhanced packet transmission in uplink

Uplink data rates up to 5.76 Mbps

Increased capacity and throughput

Reduced delay in uplink transmission

Features - Shorter TTI, New Physical Channel, New MAC Entry, Soft Handoff, Multi-codetransmission, Uplink Hybrid ARQ, etc.

HSUPA


24/82

24

Fast Scheduling of Uplink Resources in the Node B

Efficient use of uplink resources

Mechanisms using absolute (consisting of an actual value) and relative grants

(consisting of a single up/down bit)

HSUPA Key Features

Terminal 1

Terminal 2

Scheduler control

Data + Feedback (L1/MAC)

Scheduler control

Data + Feedback

Fast Node B uplinkScheduling controlBased on: Resource feedback UE capability Resource availability Terminal buffer status QoS and Priority


25/82

25

Optional Short TTI (Transmit Time Interval)

2ms or 10ms

HSUPA Key Features

Area where only a 10msTTI is feasible

E-DCH/HSDPA serving cell

Terminal

Area where both a 2ms anda 10 ms TTI are feasible


26/82

26

HSUPA Uplink HARQ

Soft combining

Chase combining

Incremental redundancy

Synchronous DL ACK/NACK, Synchronous UL Re-transmission

Intra Node B/Inter Node B macro-diversity

HARQ Retransmission

# of HARQ Processes (N) : TTI=10ms (N=4), TTI=2ms (N=8)

Synchronous Re-transmission : After receiving NACK or after N TTI transmission

HSUPA Key Features

New Tx 1 New Tx 2 New Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 New Tx 2 Re-Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 Re-Tx 2

NACK

NACK

NACK

NACK

ACK

ACK


27/82

InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

Evolution to 4G LTEWireless Communications


28/82

Overview of Mobile Communications Development

User-oriented System Ubiquitous Convergence Service

(Broadband,Ubiquit ous,Convergence,Intelligence)

Service-oriented SystemHigh-speed Wireless Internet

(Broadband)

Technology-orientedSystem

(Voice Quality /Roaming)

cdmaOne(9.6~13kbps ) W-CDMA/HSDPA(384kbps~2Mbps/14.4Mbps) WiBro(30/ 50Mbps)

cdma2000 rA,B/HSUPA(3~70Mbps/5.8Mbps)

OFDM(600Mbps )

Voice+ SMS Voice+Data Voice+Data+WirelessInternet

Voice+Data+Wireless Internet+Sensing

DMB/Digital Camera /MP3 Phone

Game/Video Phone 3D Video/Rich Multimedia Phone

cdma2000(153.6kbps)GSM(13kbps )

2G 3G 4G(2011~ )

5G

Beyond

IMT Advanced

3G

3GPP LTE

IMT-Advanced

WiBro/Mobile WiMAX

WiBro Advanced

VHT(NoLA)

WiMAX

EV/DO-rA,BHSDPA/HSUPA

cdmaOne/GSM WPAN

Bluetooth, Zigbee

2.4GHzWLAN802.11b/g

5.8GHzWLAN802.11a

WLAN802.11n

54Mbps

X Gbps

100Mbps

Mobility

30~50Mbps cdma2000/W-CDMA

270Mbps

9.6~13kbps

153.6Kbps/2Mbps

3.1~14.4Mbps/5.8Mbps

2G

3GPP LTE Advanced(NeMA)

MultiGiga Bits

60GHz/3~6GbpsIEEE 802.15c / ECMA36Mbps

11~54Mbps

600Mbps

WiBroEvolution

200Mbps

Data Rates

WiBro Advanced

HSDPA: High-Speed Downlink Packet Ac ces s

HSUPA: High-Speed Uplink Packet Ac ces s

WPAN: Wireless Person al Area Network

NeMA: New Mobile Acc ess

NoLA: New Nomadic/Loc al AreaWireless Access

OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing

MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Outpu t

SDR: Software Defined Radio

3GPP LTE : 3GPP Long Term Evolutio n

GSM : Global System fo r MobileCommunications

ECMA: Europ ean Computer

Manufacturers Association

28
http://www.handspring.com/products/treo300/specs.jhtml


29/82


Evolution to IMT and IMT-Advanced

1st Generation

Mobile

2nd Generation

Mobile

IMT 2000

IMT ADVANCED

Key features of IMT-2000 are: high degree of commonality ofdesign worldwide;

compatibility of services withinIMT-2000 and with the fixednetworks;

high quality;

small terminal for worldwideuse; worldwide roaming capability; capability for multimediaapplications, and a wide range ofservices and terminals

Key features of IMT-ADVANCED are: a high degree of commonality offunctionality worldwide while retaining theflexibility to support a wide range of servicesand applications in a cost efficient manner;

compatibility of services within IMT andwith fixed networks;- capability of interworking with other radioaccess systems;

high quality mobile services; user equipment suitable for worldwide use; user-friendly applications, services andequipment;

worldwide roaming capability; enhanced peak data rates to supportadvanced services and applications (100Mbit/s for high and- 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established astargets for research).


30/82

30

January 2012

"LTE-Advanced"

and"WirelessMAN-

Advanced wasaccorded the officialdesignation of IMT-

Advanced

IMT-Advanced

International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) systems are mobilesystems that include the new capabilities of IMT that go beyond those of IMT-2000. Suchsystems provide access to a wide range of telecommunication services including advancedmobile services, supported by mobile and fixed networks, which are increasingly packet-based. IMT-Advanced systems support low to high mobility applications and a wide rangeof data rates in accordance with user and service demands in multiple user environments.IMT Advanced also has capabilities for high quality multimedia applications within a widerange of services and platforms, providing a significant improvement in performance andquality of service.

IMT-Advanced Features

a high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility tosupport a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner;compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks;capability of interworking with other radio access systems;high quality mobile services;user equipment suitable for worldwide use;user-friendly applications, services and equipment;worldwide roaming capability; and,enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s forhigh and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established as targets for research)*.

These features enable IMT-Advanced to address evolving user needs and the capabilities ofIMT-Advanced systems are being continuously enhanced in line with user trends andtechnology developments. * Data rates sourced from Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 -Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 and systemsbeyond IMT-2000 .
http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1645/enhttp://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1645/en


31/82



32/82


For details, visit http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=imt-advanced-rec&lang=en


33/82


For details, visit http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=imt-advanced-rec&lang=en


34/82

34

3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution)

The last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to

increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks

Generally considered as 3.5G system

Uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) on the downlink

Downlink peak rates of at least 100 Mbps, an uplink of at least 50 Mbit/s

Radio Access Network -- round-trip times of less than 10 ms

Supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 20 MHz down to 1.5 MHz

Supports both FDD and TDD

Adopted all-IP signaling and networking

(A significant departure from 3G W-CDMA, which adopts circuit switching)

3GPP LTE


35/82


36/82

3GPP LTE

Physical Layer Key Features

Downlink : OFDMA

Uplink : SC-FDMA

MIMO for capacity enhancement

Dynamic Uplink scheduling

Adaptive Modulation and Coding depending on radio link quality

HARQ

Inter-cell interference mitigation

Multiple bandwidth cell search

Multicast/Broadcast service

36


37/82

OFDM

OFDM

All users in the same channel

Use orthogonal sub-carrier to transmit user information

Sectorization screens interference from part of in-cell users

Benefits of OFDM

Optimum use of spectrum

Applies appropriate modulation scheme per sub-channel

Robust against multipath fading

Frequency parallel transmission of slow data streams

Efficient receiver architecture

classical flat fading equalization of individual frequency channels

Good scalability

Orthogonality is inherent in the signal design37


38/82

OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

OFDMA in downlink

Widely known and used in WIMAX, WLAN, DVB

Benefits

Robustness against multipath fading

Optimum use of available spectrum

Efficient receiver architecture

SC-FDMA in Uplink

Benefits

Technically similar to OFDMA

Better suited for uplink due to favorable signal characteristics

Low peak-to-average ratio(PAR) enables improved power amplifier efficiency

Can also be seen as pre-coded OFDM or DFT-spread OFDM

38


39/82


ICT Convergence with 4G LTE


40/82

ICT Convergence Structure: Smart Echo System

40

Platform

Contents

Network DeviceSWand

Computing

Services(Business andConsumers)

Application(Industrial ICTand non-ICT)

TechnologicalEvolution

GlobalEconomic

Growth

Human CulturalRevolution(Life StyleChange)


41/82

Mobile Comm. Service Status in Korea

1G: AMPS started from 1984, and is terminated long time ago

2G: CDMA (IS-95) started from 1996, and is terminated in 2003

3G: W-CDMA started from 2001, and still continues

4G: LTE and Wi-Bro (Wi-Max)

WiBro started service from 2005, as a leading WiBro country.But because of the many problems, WiBro has lost its energy, and currently, WiBro

only works as an alternative (subscriber > 1 million)

LTE service started in the fall 2011, one of the earliest of the world

Current and future for the moment, LTE is the dominant service type, and LTE-Advanced will follow in the near future

41


42/82

Korea is a world-leading country in Telecomm. service and technology

Korea boasts #1 in Internet connectivity in the world for long time

Most household is connected with > 100 Mbps high speed line

Household Internet connectivity is 97.5%

Korea spends 1.4 times more (mobile) data traffic than Japan, and 3.3 times

more (mobile) data traffic than world average

With the proliferation of the mobile traffic, Telecom Operators are investing

heavily in Backbone network: 100 Gbps long-haul facility

Carrier Ethernet investment is active for all-IP Network

Korean ICT industry ( including Electronics, Electrical Goods )

ICT Industrial Production in 2012 ~ $ 270 billion

ICT Export in 2012 ~ $ 150 billion

ICT Industry - (2010) 11% of GDP; 35% of Export (the biggest industry of Korea)

ICT Convergence - Status of Korea

42


43/82

LTE Market Status of Korea and Others

LTE subscriber status of the three Telecom players (Korea)

SKT: over 10 million,

KT: ~5,730,000.

LG U+: ~569,000. Total = over 21 million ~ 45% of total mobile subscribers

Korea, USA, Japan have the largest LTE subscriber record, where Europe and other

regions are now starting to build up

Frequency allocation for LTE (Korea)

Currently, 3 companies already occupy 320 MHz of the mobile spectrum

The 1-st round LTE frequency allocation has been done 2 years ago

The 2-nd round LTE frequency allocation is recently finished (by the end of August)

Much more bandwidth will be necessary in the future

43


44/82


Key Characteristics of 4G LTEand LTE Advanced Systems


45/82

Key Features of LTE Technology

LTE vs. LTE-Advanced

LTE (Rel.8) cannot satisfy the performance requirements of 4G comm. in ITU

LTE-Advanced is the 4G comm. in the true sense

Formally, 3GPP specifications after Release 10 is called LTE-Advanced

Now, Rel.11 and Rel.12 are under discussion

User throughput (MHz) enhancement (including MIMO)

Downlink: 3~4 times of Release 6 HSDPA: 5-12 Mbps

Uplink: 2~3 times of Release 6 HSDPA Enhanced: 2-5 Mbps

System capacity increase

Downlink: Max. rate per cell 100 Mbps (20 MHz BW, 4x4 MIMO)

Uplink: Max. rate per cell 50 Mbps (20 MHz BW, 4x4 MIMO)

LTE-A Downlink: Max. rate per cell 1Gbps (100 MHz BW, 8x8 MIMO)

LTE-A Uplink : Max. rate per cell 500 Mbps (100 MHz BW, 8x8 MIMO)

45


46/82


47/82


48/82


Service Characteristics of 4G LTE Systems


49/82

Change of Service Environment with LTE

What LTE-A brought to the Service Environment

All-IP :

Network will be upgraded into a unified architecture; increase of data service

VoIP : generalization of VoIP

Multiple service simultaneously : Phone call, data transfer, viewing, etc. at the same time

Reduced latencyNetwork will have shorter response time

Enhanced QoS, QoE

increased transmission rate Increase of video services

Video streaming service (in real time)Video transmission and download (in non-real time)

49

New value creation with increased transmission rate !!


50/82

Change of Service Environment with LTE

What LTE-A will bring to the Service Environment

Increased Immersion , More High Capacity Real Time Services (Ex Network Game),

Increased User Time Service expansion

Services that has been popular in High Speed wired Internet will be widespread into

mobile realm (Ex - Mobile (HD)TV)

Cloud Computing, Big Data will be more widely acceptedConvergence will be more widespread into other industries (Car, Home, Ship, Bio,

Non-IT industries , etc.)

Will accelerate Media Convergence Newspapers, Magazines, SNS...

Conclusion: True Convergence has arrivedBetween Wireless and Wired communication

Between Computing (SW) and Communications

Between Broadcasting and Communications Media Convergence

50


51/82

VoLTE (Voice Over LTE)

What is VoLTE?

Apply conventional VoIP to LTE

In the past, VoIP required additional network infrastructure because the conventional

mobile Comm. system was not IP based

LTE was developed in all-IP base, so it is easy (natural) to realize VoLTE. The realization

of mobile IP distinguishes VoLTE from the conventional VoIP

IMS (IP Multimedia Sub-system) based network architecture integrates

wire/wireless into IP network is key to LTE VoIP

Pricing is another difficulty for Operators

Current Status: Korean Operators are starting to deploy now; US and other Countries are

mostly on limited deployment yet

But starting from 2014, VoLTE deployment will jumpstart worldwide

51


52/82

Packet Switching vs. Circuit Switching

Packet Switching (VoLTE) Circuit Switching (Conventional)

52


53/82

VoLTE (Voice Over LTE)

VoLTE - Current, Problems and Future

VoLTE is more superb than the conventional circuit switching, because it is moreefficient to utilize the network than the conventional circuit switching

Huge VoLTE traffic may be difficult to handle Time would be needed to support

technical issues ( packet switching techniques for large traffic ) & investment without

any loss (ex: collision, delay etc.). However, it can lead us to the advanced comm. era

Handover problem between 3G and 4G network VoLTE (IP) link should be changed

into circuit switching for 3G. Handover delay also can be an another problem

Both sides of devices (transmitter/receiver) should have VoLTE functions

Time would be needed to support VoLTE service between difference service providers

It requires time to accumulate experience and knowhow

53


54/82

CS ( i h C i i S i )


55/82

RCS (Rich Communication Suite)

Features of the RCS Service

Real time conversation for 1:1 or between groupSupport file transmission (image, video) during voice call

Widely available with worldwide users regardless of device type, network provider,

wire/wireless

Combined voice and data by All-IP (IMS)

Full interoperability Worldwide within different operators and vendors

More that 40 major operators, handset vendors, network vendors are joined to the

standardization under GSMAs lead

Presented Joyn as a global brand of RCS at MWC(Mobile World Congress) 2012Global RCS subscriber base is expected to reach >3 million in 2013

In Korea, preparation is ready (millions of RCS-capable phone is distributed) and

service is picking up, but still needs time for full acceptance

55

RCS (Ri h C i i S i )


56/82

RCS (Rich Communication Suite)

Enriched Call

Multimedia sharing such as image, video, file during voice callEnhanced Messaging

The conventional messaging systems (SMS: Short Message Service, MMS: Multi-media

Message Service, Instant messaging) are independently operates at the separated

applications

However, RCS adopted conversational messaging technique, so that all services can be

provided at the same UI (User Interface)

Enhanced Phonebook

Provides presence service, which contains social presence information such as friends

list in the conventional Web.

Connectivity about someone in the list

Preferred contact methods / possible ways to contact

Feelings / images56


57/82

M2M (M hi M hi ) C i i


58/82

M2M (Machine to Machine) Communications

What is M2M (Machine to Machine) Communications?

Or MTC (Machine-Type Communication)M2M communication is expected to create a new fusion of more advanced services

from the existing human-central connection

In 3GPP LTE Advanced system, D2D/M2M standardization is now proceeding. It is

expected in the near futureM2M is intended to communicate with devices scattered around symbolizing IoT

(Internet of Things)

M2M through 4G may be suitable for commercialization than conventional methods,

because conventional existing short-range communications system (Zigbee, WLAN,

Bluetooth, etc.) is difficult to access to the network, and configuring the network of its

own is not easy

58

M2M (M hi t M hi ) C i ti


59/82

M2M (Machine to Machine) Communications

Conceptually, M2M is an important way to configure IOT (Internet of Things) or NGUN

(Next Generation Ubiquitous Network). So it has a great market potential. Therefore, the

widespread adoption of M2M will be continued in the future

Communication with robot,

Intelligent Transport systems (ITS),

Automation of agriculture,

Management of home/house,

Digital camera,

Smart grid power management,

Network convergence with CCTV, etc.

Korea already has the M2M subscriber base of over 2 million . But the revenue issmall (per subscriber < $20 per month)

We still have to wait for a full blossom M2M market to come

59

Pl tf St t


60/82

Platform Strategy

i-phone Apple Closed system (i-OS 6, currently)

At present, it is the second largest platform in the world marketAndroid Google Released 2.5 years ago, virtually closed system

Open system. But, under the control of Google

At present, it became the largest platform in the world market

3.x HoneyComb, 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, 4.1 Jelly BeanRecently, the desire for the third independent Platform has increased

ZTE (China) its own Platform has been developed (for low-cost market, based on HTML5,

independent of Android)

Mozilla Firefox phone will be announced

LG : For now, they are focused on the Android platform

Window CE - Microsoft recently, announce Window 8

Global PC Connection is an advantage, the performance is improved than before

60

Pl tf St t g


61/82

Platform Strategy

Why Platform is important ? In the future, all devices will be interconnected, and

ruled by Platform, and it is central in C-P-N-D eco system

ex) Vehicle, home appliances, cloud computing, sensors (IOT), etc.

The concept of Service Platform Platform over Platform

(ex) Kakao talk, Facebook, etc.

Samsung electronics: multi-platform strategy

Android, Bada, Windows CE8, LiMo, Tizen

Bada is its own Platform, targeting mass low-cost market

Tizen OS has been developed, maybe adopted in a smartphone within this year

HTML5 Has emerged fast as a next generation Web App

Creating a Web page document (HyperText Markup Language)

Prospect more development of Platform based on HTML5 will proceed

61

SNS (S i l N t ki g S i )


62/82

SNS (Social Networking Service)

SNS Twitter, FaceBook, etc. ( a sort of Web service )

Twitter short messaging within 140 characters, Follower, Following,,,

Social connection with a number of anonymous people; vertical structure

FaceBook opened 4 years before, more than 800 million s of subscriber, the most

popular in the World

SNS in KoreaHome-grown brand has become very active and successful

Kakao Talk short text message based

Since 2010, currently boasts over 90 millions of subscribers

Export to overseas (south-east Asia) is continuingNHN Line also has the subscribers of close to 100 million (including Japan)

62

Social Ventures Social Game, Social Commerce, etc. are showing stronggrowth in ICT Consumer Business


63/82

InternationalTelecommunication

Union

Future Evolution ofMobile Service for 2020

Cloud Computing


64/82

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Everything leads to Cloud

Internet and High Speed NW accelerates the trend

IT resource efficiency will increases, and cost down

Definition It is Virtualized Computing Resource Pool

Category

SaaS (SW as a service)

PaaS (Platform as a service)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a service): most popular

Public (Personal) and Private (Companies) cloud service activation is on-going

Hybrid Cloud (Public + Private) will be more widespread

Amazon, Google, Apple, MS, (all-major IT companies) started the business

(2012.9) MS -- Window Server 2012 is Cloud based OS

64

Cloud Computing


65/82

Cloud Computing

Problem with Cloud Security Risk, Safety problem still remains

Telecom Operators (SKT, KT, LGU+), IT Service Co. (Samsung SDS, LG CNS, SK C&C), Portals

(Daum, NHN) all entered the Cloud market

Samsung Electronics is very cautious and is still preparing for a major announcement on Cloud

Business

Cloud Streaming technique will be widespread from 2013

Problem Platform, and Application SW are mostly based on Foreign Products

Domestic Cloud market has reached $ 3 million/year, with annual 30% increase

The Future of Cloud

Cloud will work as Center of ICT Convergence : Smart Devices, Car, Home, Health,

Education, Banking, etc..

But after initial hype, we are more realistic than before

65

Big Data


66/82

Big Data

Big Data : From ever exploding data, it is proposed that we can extract meaningful

information A new and an important technology to enable ICT even more valuablefor technical and economic growth

The true value of Big data is in extracting information from large data base and the

capability to apply it to real situation

Including mobile, Data Mining and DB processing is important

Application of Big Data

Artificial Intelligence : major leaping-forward is possible with Big Data

Health / Medical personal DNA analysis, etc.

Strategy set up, goods development, marketing, Government Operation, Business

Competitiveness enhancement Problem: in case of Korea, we do not have major SW and Platform

Currently, still on set up stage; Companies are active on R&D and planning ; in 2015

domestic market size will be $300 million

66

Next Generation Device (Technology)


67/82

Next Generation Device (Technology)

5G Communication Super high capacity, high speed per user

High performance UI/UX (AI) Voice Recognition, Face Recognition ,

Environment Recognition, Gesture Recognition (Hands Free)

Super low power Device

Super (Capacity) Battery

(AI) Voice Auto Translation, etc.

Super high resolution Display

Flexible Display (OLED TV)

Body Implantable Device (Hands Free)

3D Display Hologram Display

High Performance Camera

Wearable Computer (ex) Google Eyeglasses (Hands Free)

67

New Possibilities of Service Convergence


68/82

New Possibilities of Service Convergence

e-Health

Korea is strong in Medical Technology, and is strong in IT, but not strong in e-HealthMainly due to the laws, regulations, conflict of interest between parties

Government is currently trying to solve the problem

Is a kind of D2D service and still is considered to have strong growth potential

e-Education

Smart Lecture is booming; Digital College is proliferating (already too many)

Full commercialization is still to wait

e-Commerce / m-Commerce

Well established and is growing currently ~Top of the World level

e-Banking / m-BankingAlso is well established; both in Wired (PC) and Mobile (Smart Phone)

Smart Work: Lots of hype , but still not well practiced; need social agreement

68

The new services may take longer than expected for social acceptance


69/82

ICT Eco System


70/82

ICT Eco System

The Characteristics of ICT Eco System

Driving force : Digital, Mobile, Network

Concept : emphasizes Network/web relations and presents holistic, dynamic

view

Fundamental shift in business value creation

Customer Co -creator, Prosumer

Value Chain Value Network

Product Value Network Value

Simple cooperation and Competition Complex cooperative Competition Co -evolution

Individual corporate strategy must consider overall value ecology

70

The Future of ICT Convergence


71/82

The Future of ICT Convergence

What is the Future of ICT Convergence ?

Distinction between Manufacturers, Operators, Service providers is blurring

Boundary between On-Offline business is blurring (ex) Amazon

Impact of ICT will expand across all businesses (Service, Manufacturing, including

Non-ICT) Post Industrial Revolution

Global power shift between Companies involved will occur continuously

5G and Beyond

It is too early to talk about 5G when 4G is not stabilized

But, consensus is slowly accumulating that 5G is necessary because mobile traffic

increase is too fast that 4G can not digest

Technically, we can still go one step further for major progress confidence is growing

and a few technical framework is already proposed

71


72/82


Union

Emerging Trends inNext Generation Wireless Access (NGWA)

The Future of NGWA


73/82

The Future of NGWA

What is the future of LTE development ?

Currently, Rel.12 standardization is on the way and will continue further (Re.13, 14, ..)5G is under discussion, but there is no clear direction or consensus yet

For the moment, LTE will continue evolution, while various R&D activities on 5G will

slowly increase

5G effort by Samsung ElectronicsRecently, (May 2013) Samsung Electronics announced a Prototype of 5G

Technically, it is capable of transmitting over 1 Gbps for 2 Km distance per user

Key Features:

Freq. band at 28 GHz

Adopted 64 antenna array, adaptive array

Still, it is a pilot system, and symbolizes one of the 5G efforts

73


74/82


Union

Emerging Trends in Infrastructure Sharing for Faster IMT Deployment

Mobile Comm Industry


75/82

Mobile Comm. Industry

Worldwide market size more than $1 trillion

Service ~60%

Device ~20%,

Equipment ~20% (including all comm. equipment)

Device about 30% of (hand-phones) are made in KoreaEquipment domestic companies are in very weak position, mainly with

small companiesCisco, Alcatel-Lucent, Juniper, Ericsson , Huawei , ZTE etc.

(Domestic) LG-Ericsson, Samsung, etc.

Samsung is growing sales of about $3 billion (expected in 2013, equipment)

Features of mobile (smartphone) market

The biggest market among IT devices (>$200 billion)

1 device per man, short re-purchase cycle (2~3 years)

TV market: ~$110 billion/year, about 10 years of re-purchase cycle

75


76/82

Infra Structure Sharing for IMT Deployment


77/82

Infra Structure Sharing for IMT Deployment

Trend for Future IMT Deployment

Currently, global IMT is LTE or LTE-advanced System

IMT System is evolved from 3G W-CDMA System

Both 4G LTE and 3G W-CDMA system has commonalities and differences, but they are

not backward compatible

But systems based on 3G W-CDMA will be easier to migrate to 4G LTE than others

Approaches for 4G LTE Deployment

Final LTE system is based on IMS system, an all-IP network system

There are several evolutionary approaches toward IMS (IP Multimedia Sub-system)

deployment, which is dependent on the choice of system (equipment) manufacturerHeavy LTE investment is unavoidable, but the reward is worth it and long lasting

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) can provide a cost-effective 4G Deployment

because of its small size, low lost, and flexibility

77


78/82


Union

Evolving IMT Technologies and NewDeployment Techniques to Meet the End

User Expectations

Evolving IMT Technologies and New Deployment Trends


79/82

g g p y

Trends for Future LTE Development

Currently, LTE is in Rel. 12 status, and will evolve beyond Rel. 12

Efforts of 5G R&D will overlap with LTE evolution

Approaches for future Mobile Network Development

5G vision is still not concrete, but will slowly evolve

There are several evolutionary approaches for more economic and flexible networkdevelopment

Heterogeneous Network

Self organizing Network (SON) for better flexibility and cost effectiveness thru

autonomyGreen communications Power saving techniques for Network infra and Terminal

Network (Baseband and System) Equipment is becoming smaller, easier to

deploy, flexible, more cost-effective, and power-efficient79

Heterogeneous Network


80/82

80

Definition of heterogeneous network (HetNet)

Mixed deployment of Macro, Pico, Relay and Femto nodes in the same

frequency band

Why heterogeneous network?

Provides cost effective broadband

deployment model

Substantial spectral efficient increase

Enhanced cell edge & Indoor

performance

Wireless relay provides coverage

extension without extra backhaul costs

Compatible with legacy UEs

g

Summary


81/82

y

ICT still has a lot to do. The future is in Evolution and Convergence

More emphasis in mobile will continue (based on wireless)

ICT technology is directed towards Complexity acceleration

True wireless and wired convergence is near at hand

In particular, SW complexity will increase and contribute to ICT ConvergenceKorea is struggling to grasp SW competitiveness

How to harmonize and grow C-P-N-D echo system is still a problem for both

societies and companies

By maximizing the power of ICT convergence, a new economic growth concept

called Creative Economy may be achievable

81

ICT Convergence Hyper Connected Society has arrived !!


82/82

Thank You

Week 2 Evolution of Wireless Mobile Communications_3G and Key LTE System and Service...

Documents

Transcript of Week 2 Evolution of Wireless Mobile Communications_3G and Key LTE System and Service...