Week 10:Acanthopterygii

AtherinomorphaPercomorpha

BeryciformesGasterosteiformes

Gasterosteiformes~280 sp

bony circular platesno scales

oviparityexternal fertilization

Gasterosteiformes

monophyletic end branch

Biology of Fishes/Spring 2010 Aquarium Activity/Week 10

A. Introduction

Last week, we began looking at the final superorder of fishes, the Acanthopterygii, the spined fin fishes, considered to be the most derived. We started with the more ancestral series, the Atherinomorpha. This week, we look at the most derived series, the Percomorpha.

B Systematics

The Series Percomorpha includes approximately 12,000 species classified in 230 families – about half of all fishes. The series contains 10 orders. We will look at the first 3 orders thought to be the most ancestral. NEAq Fishes Location Infradivision Euteleostei

Superorder Acanthopterygii

Series Percomorpha

Order Beryciformes

Family Holocentridae Holocentrus adcensionis common squirrelfish GOT

Holocentrus rufus longspine squirrelfish GOT/Temperate Sargocentron caudimaculatumtail spot squirrelfish Tropical Sargocentron tiere blue line squirrelfish Tropical Sargocentron coruscum reef squirrelfish Temperate/GOT Sargocentron vexillarium dusky squirrelfish Temperate/GOT Myripristis jacobus blackbar soldierfish Temperate/GOT

Family Monocentridae Monocentris japonicus pinecone fish Tropical

Cleidopus gloriamaris pineapple fish Tropical Family Anomalopidae Anomalops katoptron split fin flashlight fish Tropical

Order Gasterosteiformes Family Gasterosteidae

Gasterosteus aculeatus three spine stickleback EdgeofSea/3rd fl Family Aulorhynchidae

Aulorhynchus flavidus tube-snout Cold Marine Aulichthys japonicus tubenose poacher Cold Marine

Family Macrorhamphosidae Macrorhamphosus scolopax long spine snipefish Cold Marine

Family Syngnathidae Phycodurus eques leafy seadragon Temperate Phyllopteryx taeniolatus weedy seadragon Temperate Syngnathus fuscus northern pipefish Edge of Sea 3rd fl Hippocampus erectus lined seahorse EdgeofSea/3rd fl

most ancestral NEAq

NEAq

four-spine sticklebackApeltes quadracus

nine-spine sticklebackPungitius pungitius

Gasterosteidae

2 to 9 dorsal spinesindependent~pelvic~anal

narrow peduncle longitudinal keels

nine spine sticklebackPungitius pungitius

brackish

freshwater

N. Hemisphere marine nearshore~ 3 in.

NG 11/09

9-day old kingfisher chicksswallow sticklebacks whole...

three spine sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus

courtshipaggressionparental care

nest building/ kidney glue

Gasterosteiformes

monophyletic end branch

NEAq

extended snout w/out teeth

vertical position

Macroramphosidae Centriscidae Pegasidaesnipefishes shrimpfishes sea moths

Macroramphosus graciliis Aeoliscus strigatusww tropical IndoPacific

NEAq

~5 sp.tropical temperateIndo-Pacific

“more derived”

trumpetfish

pipefish

no pelvic finsmall anal fin

Aulostomidae

Syngnathidae

NEAqextended snoutprotrusible mouth Aulostomus sp.

Aulostomidaetrumpetfishes~3 sp.

Pacific trumpetfish Aulostomus chinensis

top reef predators

barbel

Pacific trumpetfishAulostomus chinensis

reef riders

broadnose pipefishSyphonostoma typhale

no teethprotrusible mouth

Syngnathidaepipefishes~200 sp.

marine pipefishfreshwaterpipefish

straight nose pipefishNerophis ophidion

elaboratecourtship

male body brooding

~monogamy

SyngnathidaeAustralian seadragons~25 sp.

epidermal extensions

weedy seadragonPhyllopteryx taeniolatus

leafy seadragonPhycodorus eques

male leafy sea dragon Phycodorus eques

male body brooding

female lined seahorseHippocampus erectus

Hippocampus sp.

vertically orientedno pelvic finsprehensile tailsealed brood pouch

Syngnathidaeseahorses~36 sp.

distensible snout prehensile tail

Syngnathidaeseahorses

H. ramulosus

spotted H. abdominaliswith 3 H. breviceps

H. whitei

sealed brood chamber

elaborate courtshipmonogamy

male with brood 2 to 4 weeks ~ ~births 10-1000 live young

temperaturehormone prolactin (mammal milk production)

H. breviceps

Tarpon Springs, FL, H. hudsonius souvenir

pygmy seahorsesSolomon Islands

pygmy seahorses