THEO 115 Introduction to Christian Theology Course Instructor: Dr. Kevin Daugherty Email: kdaugherty@briercrest.ca Phone: 306-681-3401 Class Time: T/Th, 8:30-9:45 Course Dates: Winter 2017 3 Credit Hours

Course Description An introduction to the basic teachings of the Christian faith. This course will introduce the nature, methods, and importance of theological study, and will survey Christian teachings concerning God, revelation and Scripture, creation and fall, humanity, Jesus Christ, Holy Spirit, salvation, the church, and the Christian hope. Texts Augustine. The Augustine Catechism: The Enchiridion on Faith Hope and Charity. The Augustine

Series, volume 1. Translated by Bruce Harbert. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1999. Jinkins, Michael. Invitation to Theology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001. These texts are available at the Briercrest Bookstore: http://briercrest.ca/bookstore. Students are expected to consult the Briercrest College, “Chicago-Style Format Guide,” Briercrest College and Seminary, 2016–17: http://www.briercrest.ca/current/college/academics/important-documents/] Students are responsible for course materials and communication on Canvas (https://briercrest.instructure.com; cf. http://briercrest.ca/online/canvas) and their myBriercrest.ca email account. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to . . . 1. explain various methods and reasons for developing a systematic understanding of the

Christian faith.

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2. discuss possible contributions that the discipline of systematic theology can make to the contemporary ministry and mission of the church.

3. Identify the historical teachings of the Christian church and discuss how they are relevant to the contemporary church and world.

4. Critically evaluate his or her own beliefs in the light of the historical teachings of Christianity. Course Requirements and Weighting 1. Major exams (40%; 20% each): Two major examinations will be given. The tests will be

composed of two parts: an objective section (true/false, multiple choice, etc.) and one or two essay questions. The test will focus on the information emphasized in class.

2. Research paper (20%): Each student will complete one research paper. The body of the paper should be three pages, typed, and double-spaced. The grade will depend primarily upon the content, but form accounts for 20% of the grade. All papers should conform to the most recent edition of the Briercrest Chicago-Style Format Guide. The papers should use footnotes and have a separate bibliography page. The due date of the paper will depend on the topic chosen (see the section, “Approved Paper Topics”). The goal of the paper is for the student to gain a deeper understanding of an important topic, thinker, or movement in the area of theology. Although it is not necessary for the student to develop a detailed “thesis,” I will be looking for some level of evaluation in the paper. Students are encouraged to contact me for advice at any time during the research and writing process.

3. Book review (20%): Students will complete a four-page double-spaced summary and review of Augustine, The Augustine Catechism: The Enchiridion on Faith Hope and Charity. The review should follow a simple outline: summarize each of the major sections of the book and offer interpretive and evaluative comments about Augustine’s views. Although footnotes are not required, reviews should conform to the general format of the Quick Reference Format Guide. Page references within the paper can be made in parentheses.

4. Quizzes (15%): Six scheduled quizzes will be given over daily readings in Jinkins. Since quizzes are given at the beginning of class and graded in class, students coming in late will not be allowed to take the quiz. Make-up quizzes will strictly follow the school policy for excused absences.

5. Reading (5%): Students will be asked to indicate on the final exam whether or not they have completed all of the assigned reading for this course. This included Jinkins and Augustine. This is all or nothing; no partial credit will be given.

6. Submission instructions: Each written assignment is to be uploaded to Canvas in a single Word document. Do NOT use separate files for title pages or bibliography. These assignments are due BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF CLASS on the due date.

Course Outline Date Topic Reading Assignment due Jan. 10 Introduction to the Course J, 11-27 Jan. 12 Unity 1: Task, Methods, and

Sources of Theology J, 29-41

Jan. 17 J, 42-59 Quiz #1 over Jinkins Jan. 19 Unit 2: The Doctrine of God J, 60-76 Contract due on all research papers Jan. 24

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Jan. 26 Jan. 31 Creation and Providence J, 77-93 Quiz #2 over Jinkins Feb. 2 Augustine book review due Feb. 7 The Person of Christ J, 94-123 Quiz #3 over Jinkins Feb. 9 February 14: Midterm Exam Feb. 16 The Work of Christ J, 124-53 Quiz #4 over Jinkins pp. 136-48 Feb. 21 Feb. 23 Humanity and Sin J, 154-82 First research papers due February 27-March 3: Modular Week March 7 March 9 The Holy Spirit J, 183-209 March 14 March 16 The Church J, 210-34 Quiz #5 over Jinkins March 21: Day of Prayer: no class March 23 Second research papers due March 28 Salvation J, 235-47 March 30 April 4 The Christian Hope J, 248-60 Quiz #6 over Jinkins April 6 TBD: Final Exam Approved Paper Topics For papers due February 23 1. The doctrine of Scripture of one of the following (choose only one): John Calvin, B. B. Warfield,

Karl Barth, Carl F. H. Henry 2. The doctrine of Trinity according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, Karl

Barth 3. Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument for the existence of God 4. Thomas Aquinas' 5 proofs for the existence of God 5. The doctrine of the providence and foreknowledge of God in Open Theism 6. The providence of God over creation according to John Calvin 7. Karl Barth’s critique of natural theology 8. The doctrine of creation in one of the following (choose only one): Gnosticism, Karl Barth 9. Original Sin in one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, John Calvin 10. The understanding of evil in one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, Karl Barth 11. The Liberation Theology movement 12. James Cone and Black Theology 13. The Feminist Theology movement 14. The person of Christ according to one of the following (choose only one): Gnosticism, Origen,

Arius, Athanasius, Nestorius, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Karl Barth For papers due March 23 1. The work of Christ (especially on the cross) according to one of the following persons or

movements (choose only one): Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, John Calvin, Karl Barth, J. Denny Weaver

2. Justification by faith according to Martin Luther

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3. Irenaeus’s understanding of the work of Christ as “recapitulation” 4. Friedrich Schleiermacher and the feeling of absolute dependence 5. Election/predestination according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, John

Calvin, Jacob Arminius, John Wesley, Karl Barth 6. The doctrine of salvation according to one of the following (choose only one): Gnosticism,

Eastern Orthodox Church (deification) 7. Christian perfection and entire sanctification according to John Wesley 8. The doctrine of the Holy Spirit according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine,

John Calvin, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jürgen Moltmann 9. Pentecostalism and the baptism of the Spirit 10. The doctrine of the Church according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine,

Martin Luther, John Calvin, the Anabaptists, Karl Barth 11. Karl Rahner and the “anonymous Christian” 12. Church government (polity) according to one of the following (choose only one): Roman

Catholicism, Lutheranism, Presbyterianism, Anglicanism, Methodism, The Baptists, The Mennonites, Christian and Missionary Alliance

13. The Lord’s Supper according to one of the following (choose only one): Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin

14. Baptism (especially infant baptism) according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Menno Simons, The Baptists, Karl Barth

15. The interpretation of the millennial kingdom according to one of the following (choose only one): Augustine, Postmillennialism, Dispensationalism, Premillennialism, Amillennialism

16. The annihilationist view of hell College Calendar Students are expected to be aware of the policies that govern course work at Briercrest College. Please refer to the College Calendar: http://www.briercrest.ca/current/college/academics/college-calendar/. Attendance (Semester Course) All students missing more than two full weeks of a particular course from registration to the last day of classes will receive an automatic fail (0%). Attendance (Modular Course) All students missing more than four hours of a modular class will receive an automatic fail, “F” (0%). Final Exams Students are allowed 3 hours to write their final exams. Students must write their final exams as scheduled. ALL final exams are mandatory. Failure to write a final exam will result in an “F” (0%) for the course. Late Assignments Though individual faculty members may disallow late assignments at their discretion, the following is a statement of policy concerning late assignments:

All assignments are due at the beginning of the class period on the assigned day.

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Typically, late assignments will receive a penalty of five per cent per weekday to a maximum of 25 per cent deducted from the total assignment mark. After five weekdays, no late assignments will be accepted, and the grade for that assignment will be zero.

Individual faculty members may articulate a modification of this policy, provided it is both approved by the dean of the faculty in which the course is located and stated clearly in the course syllabus.

Assignment Extension Policy

Individual faculty members may grant extensions, but rarely and only in unusually extenuating circumstances. They will not grant extensions due to other assignments or co-curricular involvement.

Faculty members do not have the authority to grant extensions beyond 5:00 p.m. of the last day of classes in the semester.

Academic Honesty Please refer to pages 18-19 in the College Calendar. Academic Accommodations Any student with a disability who may need accommodations should discuss them with the course instructor after registering with the Student Success Centre, in person (room #215), by telephone (306) 756-3230, or by email at studentsuccesscentre@briercrest.ca. Bibliography The following sources are suggested to help the student begin his or her research. This is only a starting point. The student is expected to research the library for the best available sources. Historical Surveys and Movements Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Historical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1978. Cone, James H. God of the Oppressed. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1997. Elwell, Walter A., ed. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2001. Ford, David, ed. The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian Theology since 1918. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. Gonzalez, Justo. A History of Christian Thought. 3 vols. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1987. Grant, Robert M. and David Tracy. A Short History of the Interpretation of the Bible, 2d ed. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1984. Grenz, Stanley J. and Roger E. Olson. 20th-Century Theology: God & World in a Transitional Age. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1992. Gutiérrez, Gustavo. A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics and Salvation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1973. Hill, Jonathan. The History of Christian Thought. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2003. Hillerbrand, Han J., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. 4 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Kelly, J. N. D. Early Christian Doctrines, rev. ed. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1978. Lindberg, Carter, ed. The Reformation Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in the Early Modern Period. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. McGrath, Alister. The Making of Modern German Christology: 1750-1990, 2nd edition. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1984. ________. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1999.

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Mackintosh, H. R. Types of Modern Theology. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, n.d. Macquarrie, John. Twentieth-Century Religious Thought. Philadelphia, PA: Trinity Press International, 1988. Martin, Francis. The Feminist Question: Feminist Theology in the Light of Christian Tradition. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995. Marty, Martin E. and Dean G. Peerman, eds. A Handbook of Christian Theologians. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1984. Miller, Ed. L. and Stanley J. Grenz. Fortress Introduction to Contemporary Theologies. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1998. Musser, Donald W. and Joseph L. Price, eds. A New Handbook of Christian Theologians. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1996. Olson, Roger E. The Story of Christian Theology. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 1999. Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition. 5 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. Quasten, Johannes. Patrology. 4 vols. Westminster, MD: Christian Classics, 1992. Ruether, Rosemary Radford. Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a Feminist Theology. Beacon Press, 1993. Smith, David L. A Handbook of Contemporary Theology. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992. Richardson, Alan and John Bowden. Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1983. Trible, Phyllis. God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1978. ________. Texts of Terror: Literary-Feminists Readings of Biblical Narratives. Philadelphia: Fortress

Press, 1984. Williams, Daniel H. Evangelicals and Tradition: The Formative Influence of the Early Church. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005. General Introductions Barth, Karl. Church Dogmatics. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1936-1969. Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology. London: Banner of Truth, 1941. Brunner, Emil. The Christian Doctrine of Creation and Redemption. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1952. Erickson, Millard. Christian Theology, 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1998. Grenz, Stanley J. Theology for the Community of God. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000. Grudem, Wayne. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2000. Gunton, Colin. The Christian Faith: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. Hodge, Charles. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1975. Jenson, Robert W. Systematic Theology, vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Lewis, Gordon R. and Bruce A. Demarest. Integrative Theology, vol. 1. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987. McGrath, Alister. Christian Theology: An Introduction. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1994. Migliore, Daniel. Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction to Christian Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991. Pannenberg, Wolfhart. Systematic Theology, 3 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991. Strong, Augustus Hopkins. Systematic Theology. Westwood, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1907. Tillich, Paul. Systematic Theology, 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951-1963. Vanhoozer, Kevin J., et al. eds. Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005. Prolegomena (nature, sources, and methods of theology)

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Allert, Craig. A High View of Scripture? The Authority of the Bible and the Formation of the New Testament Canon. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Bacote, Vincent, Laura C. Miguelez, and Dennis L. Okholm. Evangelicals and Scripture: Tradition, Authority, and Hermeneutics. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2004. Carson, D. A. and John Woodbridge, eds. Hermeneutics, Authority, and Canon. Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, 1986. ________. Scripture and Truth. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1992. Demarest, Bruce A. General Revelation: Historical Views and Contemporary Issues. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1982. Goldingay, John. Models for Scripture. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994. Grenz, Stanley J. Revisioning Evangelical Theology: A Fresh Agenda for the 21st Century. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity, 1993. Grenz, Stanley and John Franke. Beyond Foundationalism: Shaping Theology in a Postmodern Context. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2001. Henry, Carl F. H. God, Revelation and Authority, 6 vols. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1976-1983. Lindbeck, George. The Nature of Doctrine: Religion and Theology in a Postliberal Age. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1984. McGrath, Alister. The Genesis of Doctrine: A Study in the Foundations of Doctrinal Criticism. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990. McGowan, A. T. B. The Divine Authenticity of Scripture: Retrieving and Evangelical Heritage. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2007. Soskice, Janet Martin. Metaphor and Religious Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Tiessen, Terrance L. Providence and Prayer: How Does God Work in the World? Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2000. Webster, John. Holy Scripture: A Dogmatic Sketch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Doctrine of God Cooper, John W. Panentheism: The Other God of the Philosophers. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006. Grenz, Stanley J. The Named God and the Question of Being: A Trinitarian Theo-Ontology, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2005. Gunton, Colin. The Promise of Trinitarian Theology. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1997. Hasker, William. God, Time, and Knowledge. London: Cornell University Press, 1998. Johnson, Elizabeth A. She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse. New York: Crossroad, 1992. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. The Trinity: Global Perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster John Knox, 2007. LaCugna, Catherine Mowry. God For Us: The Trinity and Christian Life. San Francisco, CA: HarperOne, 1993. Letham, Robert. The Holy Trinity. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed, 2005. McFague, Sallie. Models of God: Theology for an Ecological, Nuclear Age. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1987. Moltmann, Jürgen. The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of Christian Theology. New York: Harper and Row, 1974. Peters, Ted. God as Trinity: Relationality and Temporality in Divine Life. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1993. Plantinga, Alvin. God, Freedom, and Evil. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977. Prestige, G. L. God in Patristic Thought. Wipf & Stock, 2008.

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Toom, Tarmo. Classical Trinitarian Theology: A Textbook. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 2007. Toon, Peter. Our Triune God: A Biblical Portrayal of the Trinity. Vancouver, BC: Regent College, 1996. Creation, humanity, and sin Braaten, Carl and Robert Jenson, eds. Sin, Death, and the Devil. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000. Brunner, Emil. The Christian Doctrine of Creation and Redemption. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1952. ________. Man in Revolt: A Christian Anthropology. London: Lutterworth Press, 1939. Grenz, Stanley J. The Social God and the Relational Self: A Trinitarian Theology of the Imago Dei. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2001. Gunton, Colin. The Doctrine of Creation. Continuum International, 2004. ________. The Triune Creator: A Historical and Systematic Study. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. Moltmann, Jürgen. God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God. San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, 1985. Niebuhr, Reinhold. The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation. New York: Scribner, 1964. Pannenbert, Wolfhart. Anthropology in Theological Perspective. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster, 1985. Plantinga, Cornelius. Not the Way It’s Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994. Schwarz, Hans. Creation. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2002. Christology Aulén, Gustaf. Christus Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of Atonement. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1931. Bauckham, Richard. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006. ________. Jesus and the God of Israel. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008. ________. God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. Beilby, James and Paul R. Eddy, eds. The Nature of the Atonement: Four Views. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2006. Berkhof, Hendrik. Christ and the Powers. Waterloo, Ontario: Herald Press, 1977. Bloesch, Donald G. Jesus Christ: Savior and Lord. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 1997. Boersma, Hans. Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004. Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Christ the Center. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1978. Borg, Marcus J. Jesus: Uncovering the Life, Teachings, and Relevance of a Religious Revolutionary. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2006. ________. Meeting Jesus again for the First Time: The Historical Jesus and the Heart of Contemporary Faith. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994. Borg, Marcus J. and N. T. Wright. The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999. Bornkamm, Günther. Jesus of Nazareth. New York: Harper and Row, 1960. Bousset, Wilhelm, Kyrios Christos: A History of the Belief in Christ from the Beginnings of Christianity to Irenaeus. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1970. Brown, Colin. Jesus in European Protestant Thought: 1778-1860. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1985.

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Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to New Testament Christology. New York: Paulist Press, 1994. ________. Jesus: God and Man. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Copan, Paul, ed. Will the Real Jesus Please Stand Up? A Debate between William Lane Craig And John Dominic Crossan. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1998. Crossan, John Dominic. The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant. San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991. Cullmann, Oscar. Christ and Time: The Primitive Christian Conception of Time and History. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1964. ________. The Christology of the New Testament. London: SCM Press, 1963. D’Costa, Gavin, ed. Christian Uniqueness Reconsidered: The Myth of a Pluralistic Theology of Religions. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1990. Duling, Dennis C. Jesus Christ through History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979. Dunn, James D. G. Christology in the Making, 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1989. ________. The Evidence for Jesus. Louisville, KY: Westminster Press, 1985. Ehrman, Bart D. Misquoting Jesus: The Story behind Who Changed the Bible and Why. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005. Erickson, Millard J. The Word Became Flesh: A Contemporary Incarnational Christology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1991. Evans, Craig A. Fabricating Jesus: How Modern Scholars Distort the Gospels. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2006. ________. Jesus. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1992. Farmer, William R., ed. Crisis in Christology: Essays in Quest of Resolution. Livonia, MI: Dove, 1995. Fee, Gordon D. Pauline Christology: An Exegetical-Theological Study. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2007. Funk, Robert W. Jesus as Percursor. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1975. Funk, Robert W., Roy J. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. The Five Gospels: The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus: A New Translation and Commentary. New York: Macmillan, 1993. Gerhardsson, Birger. Memory and Manuscript: Oral Tradition and Written Transmission in Rabbinic Judaism and Early Christianity, with Tradition and Transmission in Early Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. ________. The Reliability of the Gospel Tradition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2001. Girard, René. The Scapegoat. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Green, Joel B. and Mark D. Baker. Recovering the Scandal of the Cross: Atonement in New Testament and Contemporary Contexts. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000. Grenz, Stanley J. and Roger E. Olson. 20th-Century Theology: God and the World in a Transitional Age. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1992. Gunton, Colin E. The Actuality of Atonement: A Study of Metaphor, Rationality and the Christian Tradition. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1989. Hengel, Martin. The Atonement: The Origins of the Doctrine in the New Testament. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1981. ________. Studies in Early Christology. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995. Hick, John and Paul F. Knitter. The Myth of Christian Uniqueness: Toward a Pluralistic Theology of Religions. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1987. Hill, Charles E. and Frank A. James, eds. The Glory of the Atonement: Biblical, Historical and Practical Perspectives. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Hurtado, Larry W. Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003.

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Johnson, Luke Timothy. The Real Jesus: The Misguided Quest for the Historical Jesus and the Truth of the Traditional Gospels. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Mati. Christology: A Global Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003. Kay, James F. Christus Praesens: A Reconsideration of Rudolf Bultmann’s Christology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994. Kelly, J. N. D. Early Christian Doctrines, 5th ed. New York: Continuum, 1977. Longenecker, Richard N. ed. Contours of Christology in the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2005. Macquarrie, John. Jesus Christ in Modern Thought. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1990. Marshall, I. Howard. The Origins of New Testament Christology, updated ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1990. Matera, Frank J. New Testament Christology. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1999. McGrath, Alister E. The Making of Modern German Christology: 1750-1990, 2nd ed. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1994. Meier, John P. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. New York: Doubleday, 1991- 2001. Moltmann, Jürgen. Jesus Christ for Today’s World. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1994. ________. The Way of Jesus Christ: Christology in Messianic Dimensions. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1990. Moule, C. F. D. The Origin of Christology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Nash, Ronald H. Is Jesus the Only Savior? Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1994. Neill, Stephen. Jesus Through Many Eyes: Introduction to the Theology of the New Testament. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1976. Norris, Richard A., ed. The Christological Controversy. Sources of Early Christian Thought. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1980. Odell-Scott, David W. A Post-Patriarchal Christology. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1991. Ogden, Schubert M. Christ without Myth. Dallas, TX: SMU Press, 1961. ________. The Point of Christology. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1982. Pannenberg, Wolfhart. Jesus—God and Man. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1977. ________. Systematic Theology, 3 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991-1998. Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Illustrated Jesus through the Centuries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. Powell, Mark Allan. Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1998. Rusch, William G. The Trinitarian Controversy. Sources of Early Christian Thought. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1980. Schwarz, Hans. Christology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. Schweitzer, Albert. The Psychiatric Study of Jesus: Exposition and Criticism. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1948. ________. The Quest of the Historical Jesus. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2005. Schweitzer, Don. Contemporary Christologies: A Fortress Introduction. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2010. Stuhlmacher, Peter. Jesus of Nazareth—Christ of Faith. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1988. Taylor, Vincent. The Atonement in New Testament Teaching. London: Epworth Press, 1963. ________. The Names of Jesus. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1962. Tillich, Paul. Systematic Theology, 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951-1963. Torrance, Thomas F. The Mediation of Christ. Colorado Springs, CO: Helmers and Howard, 1992.

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Volf, Miroslav. Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1996. Weaver, J. Denny. The Nonviolent Atonement. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001. Wilson, A. N. Jesus: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1992. Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996. ________. Who Was Jesus? Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992. The Holy Spirit Congar, Yves. I Believe in the Holy Spirit. Milestones in Catholic Theology. New York: Crossroad, 1997. Fee, Gordon. God’s Empowering Presence. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. ________. Paul, the Spirit, and the People of God. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996. Hawthorne, Gerald F. The Presence and the Power. Dallas, TX: Word Publishing, 1991. Heron, Alasdair I. C. The Holy Spirit. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster, 1983. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti, Pneumatology: The Holy Spirit in Ecumenical, International, and Contextual Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2002. Keener, Craig. Gift and Giver: The Holy Spirit for Today. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001. ________. 3 Crucial Questions about the Holy Spirit. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1996. Moltmann, Jürgen. The Source of Life: The Holy Spirit and the Theology of Life. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1997. ________. The Spirit of Life: A Universal Affirmation. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1992. Pinnock, Clark. Flame of Love: A Theology of the Holy Spirit. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1996. Turner, Max. The Holy Spirit and Spiritual Gifts: In the New Testament Church and Today. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998. The Church Basden, Paul and David S. Dockery, eds. The People of God: Essays on the Believers’ Church. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1991. Brunner, Emil. The Misunderstanding of the Church. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1953. Buschart, W. David. Exploring Protestant Traditions: An Invitation to Theological Hospitality. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2006. Clause, Bonnidell and Robert G. Clouse, eds. Women inn Ministry: Four Views. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1989. Dulles, Avery. Models of the Church, expanded ed. New York: Doubleday, 1987. Durnbaugh, Donald. The Believers’ Church: The History and Character of Radical Protestantism. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press, 1968. Guder, Darrell L., ed. Missional Church. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. Gundry, Stanley N. and James R. Beck, eds. Two Views on Women in Ministry. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. An Introduction to Ecclesiology. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2002. Kimball, Dan. The Emerging Church: Vintage Christianity for New Generations. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003. MacBrien, Richard P. Catholicism. Minneapolis, MN: Winston Press, 1980. Martos, Joseph. Doors to the Sacred. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981. Minear, Paul S. Images of the Church in the New Testament. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1960.

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