Webspirs Biological Abstracts

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Search History* #1 dementia (334 records)

Record 1 of 334 in Biological Abstracts 1993/01-1993/06

TI: Difference in blood flow volume of the common carotid artery between vascular and non-vascular dementia detected by colour duplex sonography.AU: Hamada-Tadashi {a}; Takita-Masashi; Kawano-Hideo; Noh-Tomi-Akito; Okayama-MasahiroAD: {a} Dep. Neurology, Imazu Red Cross Hosp., 377 Imazu, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-01, JapanSO: Journal-of-Neurology. 1993; 240 (3) 191-194.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0340-5354LA: EnglishAB: Using colour duplex sonography, blood flow volume in the common carotid artery was measured in 72 demented patients and 28 normal controls. Thirty-five patients with a Hachinski's ischaemic score of 7 or above and marked ischaemic lesions on CT were assigned to the vascular dementia (VD) group. Thirty-three patients with probable Alzheimer's disease according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, 2 patients with Parkinson's disease, 1 patient with spinocerebellar degeneration, and 1 patient with Pick's disease were assigned to the non-vascular dementia (non

VD) group. The sum of blood flow volume in the bilateral common carotid arteries(CCA flow) in the nonVD group and in the VD group was lower than that in the control group. The CCA flow in the VD group was lower than that in the nonVD group. Comparison of patients matched for both age and the Hasegawa's dementia ratingscale also revealed lower CCA flow in the VD group than in the nonVD group. Linear discriminant function analysis showed that nearly 90% of the demented patients were correctly diagnosed as having VD or as having nonVD. These results showthe usefulness of colour duplex sonography in the differential diagnosis of patients with dementia.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Cardiovascular-System (Transport-and-Circulation); Morphology-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sci

ences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; COLOR-DUPLEX-SONOGRAPHYAN: 199396001864


TI: Dementia in elderly Malays: Preliminary findings of a community survey.AU: Kua-E-HAD: Dep. Psychol. Med., Natl. Univ. Hosp., Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 0511, Singapore

SO: Singapore-Medical-Journal. 1993; 34 (1) 26-28.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0037-5675LA: EnglishAB: This is a study of the prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays living in the Eunos district of Singapore. The subjects included all Malays 65 years and more living in public housing, and they were first interviewed and screened for any cognitive deficit using the Malay version of the Elderly Cognitive AssessmentQuestionnaire (ECAQ). All those who scored 5 or less in the ECAQ). All those who


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scored 5 or less in the ECAQ were assessed again with a more detailed questionnaire called the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) schedule. This is the preliminary results of 149 subjects interviewed -77 men 72 women. Data from the GMS were analyzed by a computer diagnostic programme, AGECAT. There were only 6 cases of dementia and the overall prevalence of dementia in the sample was estimated as 4.0%.In the age group 65 to 74 years the rate was 2.5% and this increased to 10.3% in those 75 years and more. The prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays is higher than elderly Chinese in Singapore, but it is similar to the results of studiesin New York and Liverpool. All the subjects with dementia were living with their families and they had good social resources.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine,Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-GE: Singapore- (Asia-, Oriental-region)AN: 199395136596


TI: Epidemiology of Alzheimer's presenile dementia in Scotland, 1974-1988.AU: McGonigal-Gerard; Thomas-Brenda; McQuade-Cecilia; Starr-John-M; MacLennan-W

illiam-J; Whalley-Lawrence-J {a}AD: {a} Dep. Ment. Health, Univ. Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2ZD, Scotl., UKSO: British-Medical-Journal. 1993; 306 (6879) 680-683.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0959-8138LA: EnglishAB: Objective: To describe the epidemiology of presenile Alzheimer's disease inScotland from 1974 to 1988. Design: Retrospective review of hospital records ofpatients aged less than 73 years admitted to psychiatric hospital with variousdiagnoses of dementia. Diagnoses were classified by National Institute for Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria and the Hachinski score. Completeness of the study sample was e

valuated by scrutiny of neurology outpatient and general hospital records. Setting: All general psychiatric hospitals in Scotland. Subjects: All patients with onset of dementia aged 40-64. Main outcome measures: Probable and broad Alzheimer's disease, sex of patients, age at onset. Results: 5874 psychiatric hospital records, 129 neurology outpatient records, and 89 records from non-psychiatric hospitals were examined. 317 patients met criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease, 569 met criteria for broad Alzheimer's disease, and 267 met those for multi-infarct dementia. Minimal incidences per 100,000 population aged 40-64 years were22.6 (95% confidence intervals, 20.2 to 25.2) and 40.5 (38.9 to 42.3) per 100,000 for probable and broad Alzheimer's disease. In the 1981 census year the annualincidence of probable Alzheimer's disease was 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6). Women were greater risks with incidence rates for probable Alzheimer's disease of 28.2 (24.5 to32.4) per 100,000 compared with 16.5 (13.8 to 19.8) per 100,000 for men. The in

cidence per 100,000 for multi-infarct dementia was greater in men (25.1, 23.3 to27.1) than women (13.4, 12.1 to 14.8). Conclusion: Female sex seems to be positively associated with development of Alzheimer's disease before age 65 years.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Genetics-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)


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TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-GE: UK- (Europe-, Palearctic-region)MI: AGE-; MULTI-INFARCT-DEMENTIA; SEX-AN: 199395136590


TI: Vehicle crash involvement and cognitive deficit in older drivers.AU: Cooper-Peter-J {a}; Tallman-Karen; Tuokko-Holly; Beattie-B-LynnAD: {a} Insurance Corporation, British ColumbiaSO: Journal-of-Safety-Research. 1993; 24 (1) 9-17.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0022-4375LA: EnglishAB: The driving records of 165 older persons who were classified as having dementia in a clinic assessment were examined in this study. These records were compared with those of a stratified random sample selected from the population of drivers in British Columbia (Canada). The dementia group was found to have been involved in over twice the number of collisions as their controls were during identical time periods. Further, over 80% of the dementia group who experienced a crash event (and who were almost all judged at fault) continued driving for up to3 years following the event, and during this time over one third of these had atleast one more accident.

AI: YMC: Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Occupational-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Pollution-Assessment-Control-and-Management; Psychiatry-(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-GE: British-Columbia (Canada-, North-America, Nearctic-region); Canada- (North-America, Nearctic-region)MI: DEMENTIA-; SAFETY-RESEARCHAN: 199395136459


TI: Methodological issues in surveying older persons concerning drug use.AU: Mishara-Brian-L {a}; McKim-WilliamAD: {a} Psychology Dep., Lab. Res. Social Human Ecology, Univ. Quebec Montreal,Case Postale 8888, Succursale "A," Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, CanadaSO: International-Journal-of-the-Addictions. 1993; 28 (4) 305-326.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0020-773XLA: EnglishAB: Despite beliefs that surveys involving older persons are less valid than those with other groups (due to memory loss, etc.), empirical verifications do not

support this. Certain factors related to reduced validity must be considered (e.g., little education) and the confounding factors of cohort and time of measurement must be evaluated. Persons presumably suffering from dementia and institutional residents may be needlessly excluded. Methods suggested for improving validity include: sampling techniques, proxy respondents, administration and instrumentation, and interviewer variables. It is important to cross-validate data fromsurveys by using several concurrent methods. Instruments developed with youngersubjects may be inappropriate or invalid with elders.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Hum


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an-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Toxicology-ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: HUMAN-ELDERLY; RESEARCH-METHOD; STATISTICAL-METHOD; VALIDITY-AN: 199395136168


TI: Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in patients with senile dementia.AU: Kuriyama-Masaru; Hokezu-Youichi; Togo-Seiji; Nagata-Kazuya; Takahashi-Kanehisa; Igakura-Takeshi; Osame-MitsuhiroAD: Third Dep. Internal Med., Kagoshima Univ., Sch. Med., JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (7-8) 559-564.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; EnglishAB: Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studiedin 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patientswith vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HD

L-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Apolipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipoprotein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the patient groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There were no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three groups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline fwdarw glutamine substitution at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senecence-prone mice is identicalto the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of these mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein AII remains unclear.

AI: YMC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: VASCULAR-PATHOLOGYAN: 199395136094


TI: Diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission CT in Alzheimer-type dementia

.AU: Hanyu-Haruo {a}; Abe-Shinei {a}; Arai-Hsayuki {a}; Asano-Tetsuichi {a}; Iwamoto-Toshihiko {a}; Takasaki-Masaru {a}; Suzuki-TakanariAD: {a} Dep. Geriatric Med., Tokyo Med. Coll., JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 463-468.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; English


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AB: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-IMP in Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), we studied 46 ATD patients and 23 healthy controls. The patients fulfilled the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable or definite ATD and were classified as having mild, moderate,and severe ATD by neuropsychological examinations. To assess regional cerebral blood flow, we performed qualitative SPECT image analysis without any knowledge of the subject's clinical classification. The image was regarded as abnormal if cerebral blood flow was reduced in the unilateral or bilateral temporoparietal association areas, with or without any reduction of flow in other brain regions. The diagnostic sensitivity (abnormal image/patient) of 123I-IMP SPECT in mild, moderate, and severe ATD was 67%, 86%, and 92%, respectively. The specificity (normal image/control) was 91%, because an abnormal image was found in only 2/23 healthy controls. Eight ATD patients without reduced temporoparietal perfusion showed normal perfusion or frontal hypoperfusion. These results suggest that 123I-IMP SPECT may provide an accurate and sensitive diagnostic marker for ATD. The detection of these characteristic abnormalities of cerebral perfusion could well beapplied to the clinical diagnosis of ATD.AI: YMC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Cardiovascular-System (Transport-and-Circulation); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Methods-and-Techniques; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)

TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC-METHOD; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-; SINGLE-PHOTON-EMISSION-COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHYAN: 199395136093


TI: Effect of education on the clock-drawing dementia screen in non-demented elderly persons.AU: Ainsile-Nina-K {a}; Murden-Robert-AAD: {a} VA Med. Cent., Ambulatory Care 11 C, 4801 Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, USASO: Journal-of-the-American-Geriatrics-Society. 1993; 41 (3) 249-252.

PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0002-8614LA: EnglishAB: Objective: To examine the effect of education on clockdrawing ability in non-demented elderly persons. Design, Setting, Participants: Descriptive study of187 elderly persons, 77 demented, 110 non-demented, 54 with 9+ years of eduction, 133 with 8 or fewer years of education, from three university medical center geriatric divisions. Measurements: Subjects took the Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam and were asked to draw a clock showing a time of 3 o'clock. Clocks were scored using three previously described scoring scales (Shulman, Sunderland, and Wolf-Klein). Mean scores and proportions of normal and abnormal clocks were compared for well and poorly educated non-demented subjects. Sensitivities and specific

ities for detecting dementia were calculated. Results: Mean scores of the well educated non-demented subjects were significantly better than mean scores of thepoorly educated non-demented subjects on all three scales. However, proportionsof abnormal clocks were not significantly different between well and poorly educated on the Wolf-Klein scale. For the poorly educated subgroup, sensitivity andspecificity for detecting dementia by clock drawing were 90% and 42% by the Shulman scale, 74% and 44% by the Sunderland scale, and 48% and 90% by the Wolk-Klein scale. Conclusions: Clock-drawing ability is affected by education in non-demented elderly persons. The scoring method of Wolf-Klein is least educationally affected and maximizes specificity for detecting dementia but has low sensitivity.


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Educational effects make clock drawing a poor single screening test for dementia in a poorly educated population.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: GERIATRICS-; SUNDERLAND-SCALE; VISUOSPATIAL-SKILL; WOLF-KLEIN-SCALEAN: 199395136085


TI: Physical morbidity in older people with moderate, severe and profound mental handicap, and its relation to psychiatric morbidity.AU: Moss-S {a}; Goldberg-D; Patel-P; Wilkin-DAD: {a} Hester Adrian Res. Centre, University Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKSO: Social-Psychiatry-and-Psychiatric-Epidemiology. 1993; 28 (1) 32-39.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0933-7954LA: English

AB: This report describes a study of physical health problems and their relation to psychiatric morbidity in a community sample of 105 people with severe mental handicap and over the age of 50 years from a Metropolitan Borough. An extensive outreach exercise ensured that almost 100% of people fulfilling the age and ability criteria were included in the study. All the physical and mental health assessments were carried out by a psychiatrist at senior registrar level. Physicalassessments used a combination of physical examination and access to the subject's medical records. Results showed that, with minor exceptions, the physical health of the handicapped population was no worse than that of controls. Contraryto expectation, no relationship was demonstrated between physical and psychiatric morbidity. However, this may be due to the greater difficulty in identifying psychiatric morbidity in people who are more severely handicapped. Since physicalhealth problems increase with level of handicap, the potential relation between

physical and mental health is masked.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: DEMENTIA-AN: 199395136056


TI: Autoradiographic demonstration of an increase in muscarinic cholinergic receptors in cerebellar granule cells treated with tetrahydroaminoacridine.

AU: Sunaga-Katsuyoshi; Chuang-De-Maw; Ishitani-Ryoichi {a}AD: {a} Group Neuropharmacology, Josai Univ., Sakado, Saitama 350-02, JapanSO: Neuroscience-Letters. 1993; 151 (1) 45-47.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0304-3940LA: EnglishAB: The neurotrophic and neurosurviving effects of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), a putative antidementia agent, were studied in cultured granule cells using biochemical and morphological methods. The addition of 30 mu-M THA to


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cultures grown in 15 mM K+-containing media markedly increased cell survival andenhanced (3H)N-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs). Furthermore, receptor autoradiographic studies revealed that neuronal cells were labelled over both cell bodies and fibers by the (3H)receptor ligand. These observations provide direct evidence that THA promotes the expression of mAChR binding sites in differentiating cerebellar granule cells.AI: YMC: Cell-Biology; Development-; Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Membranes- (Cell-Biology); Metabolism-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Pathology-; Pharmacology-ST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: rat- (Muridae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-mammals; nonhuman-vertebrates; rodents-; vertebrates-CB: 9-AMINO-1-2-3-4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINERN: 321-64-2: 9-AMINO-1 2 3 4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINEMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUG; BINDING-SITE-EXPRESSION; DEMENTIA-; DIFFERENTIATION-; NEUROSURVIVAL-; NEUROTROPHY-; PHARMACODYNAMICS-; 9=AMINO-1-2-3-4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINEAN: 199395135299


TI: Reducing antipsychotic drug use in nursing homes: A controlled trial of pro

vider education.AU: Ray-Wayne-A {a}; Taylor-Jo-A; Meador-Keith-G; Lichtenstein-Michael-J; Griffin-Marie-R; Fought-Randy; Adams-Margaret-L; Blazer-Dan-GAD: {a} Dep. Preventive Med., Vanderbilt Univ. Sch. Med., Nashville, TN 37232,USASO: Archives-of-Internal-Medicine. 1993; 153 (6) 713-721.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0003-9926LA: EnglishAB: Objective: In the United States, 20% or more of nursing home residents receive antipsychotic drugs, primarily for the behavioral manifestations of dementia. This high level of use of drugs with substantial toxicity has engendered a str

ong and persistent controversy and recently has led to explicit regulatory measures to curtail use (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987). We developed andtested a comprehensive program to reduce antipsychotic use through education ofphysicians, nurses, and other nursing home staff. The primary elements of the program were instruction in use of behavioral techniques to manage behavior problems and encouragement of a trial of gradual antipsychotic withdrawal. Design: Ina nonrandomized controlled trial, the program was implemented (beginning in August 1990) in two rural Tennessee community nursing homes with elevated antipsychotic use; two other comparable homes were selected as concurrent controls. Patients: Throughout the study 194 residents were in the education homes and 184 werein the control homes. Residents in both groups of homes had comparable demographic characteristics and functional status, and each group had a baseline rate of29 days of antipsychotic use per 100 days of nursing home residence. Main Outco

me Measures: The primary end points were postintervention changes in administration of antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs, use of physical restraints,and frequency of behavior problems. Results: Days of antipsychotic use decreasedby 72% in the education homes vs 13% in the control homes (P lt .001). No significant changes were noted in the use of other psychotropic drugs in either group. Days of physical restraint use decreased 36% in the education homes vs 5% in the control homes (P lt .001). Behavior problem frequency did not increase in either group, even among the 48% of baseline antipsychotic users in the education homes who had antipsychotic drug regimens discontinued for 3 or more months. Conclusions: The educational program led to a substantial reduction in antipsychotic


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use with no increase in the frequency of behavior problems. This suggests thatfor many antipsychotic drug users benefits may be marginal and that programs toreduce such drug use among the 250,000 US nursing home residents receiving thesedrugs should have high priority.AI: YMC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine,Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Toxicology-ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: DEMENTIA-; DRUG-WITHDRAWAL; SIDE-EFFECTAN: 199395135290


TI: Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole in senile dementia of Alzheimer type patients.AU: De-Deyn-P-P; Van-De-Velde-V {a}; Verslegers-W; Saerens-J; Pickut-B-A; Clincke-B; Woestenborghs-R; Van-Peer-AAD: {a} Dep. Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Res. Foundation, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, BelgiumSO: European-Journal-of-Clinical-Pharmacology. 1992; 43 (6) 661-662.PY: 1992

DT: Article-IS: 0031-6970LA: EnglishAB: The single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole have been determined in six elderly patients with (senile) dementia of the Alzheimer type. After a single oral dose of 10 mg sabeluzole, the peak plasma concentration was attained at 1 to 4 h; it averaged 42 ng cntdot ml-1. On repeated dosing (10 mg b.d.), steady-state was virtually attained after 3 days of treatment. Steady-state mean trough and peak plasma concentrations fluctuated between 53 and 94 ng cntdotml-1. The mean terminal half-life after a single dose and at steady-state was of the order of 33 h. Sabeluzole was well tolerated and at the end of treatment,on systematic changes in blood haematology, biochemistry or urinalysis were seen.

AI: YMC: Behavior-; Clinical-Chemistry (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: SABELUZOLE-RN: 104383-17-7: SABELUZOLEMI: COGNITION-ENHANCER; ELDERLY-; TOLERABILITY-; TREATMENT-AN: 199395135272


TI: Thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.AU: Albert-Marilyn {a}; Jenike-Michael; Nixon-Ralph; Nobel-KennethAD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry, Mass. General Hosp., CNY-9, Boston, MA 02114, USASO: Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (4) 267-271.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-3223LA: English


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AB: Eleven patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and 11 age-matched control subjects were given the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. Thetwo groups did not differ with respect to peak thyrotropin (TSH) response or TSH levels at baseline, 20, 30, and 45 min after TRH injection. There were significant differences between the groups on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (p lt 0.03), although neither group met clinical criteria for depression. Items that were significantly different pertained to depressed mood, loss of interest,loss of insight, suicidal ideation, and obsessional symptoms.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Toxicology-ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: THYROTROPIN-RN: 9002-71-5: THYROTROPINMI: DEPRESSION-; HORMONE-DRUG; OBSESSIONAL-SYMPTOM; SIDE-EFFECT; SUICIDAL-IDEATIONAN: 199395135247


TI: The effect of amiridin and tacrin, drugs effective in Alzheimer's disease,

on uptake of neurotransmitters by synaptosomes.AU: Burov-Yu-V; Baimanov-T-D; Maisov-N-IAD: All-Union Sci. Cent. Biol. Act. Subst., Moscow, Russia

SO: Byulleten'-Eksperimental'noi-Biologii-i-Meditsiny. 1992; 113 (4) 379-381.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0365-9615LA: Russian; Non-EnglishLS: EnglishAB: The study of the drugs effective in the treatment of cognitive deficits andmemory loss associated with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type - tacrin and amiridin, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and nootrop piracetam o

n uptake of 3H-serotonin (3H-5-HT), 3H-adrenaline (3H-AD), 3H-noradrenaline (3H-HA), 2H-dopamine (3H-DA), 3H-gamma-aminobuteric acid (3H-GABA), 3H-glutamic acid(3H-GLU), 3H-aspartic acid (3H-ASP)0 and 3H-glycine (3H-GLI) showed that tacrinand amiridin (5 times 10-5 M) statistically significantly (P lt 0.05) inhibitedthe uptake of 3H-DA and 3H-5-HT. Physostigmine at concentrations 5 times 10-4 Mstatistically significantly (P lt 0.05) inhibited uptake of 3H-5-HT only. Piracetam at concentration range 1-5 times 10-3 M had no effect on uptake of all investigated neurotransmitters. The above finding suggest that the uptake of neurotransmitter in nerve terminals is not the main target of amiridin and tactin.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Enzymology- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Metabolism-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Pharmacology-CB: AMIRIDIN-; PHYSOSTIGMINE-; PIRACETAM-; SEROTONIN-; EPINEPHRINE-; NOREPINEPH

RINE-; DOPAMINE-; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; GLUTAMIC-ACID; ASPARTIC-ACID; GLYCINE-RN: 90043-86-0: AMIRIDIN; 57-47-6: PHYSOSTIGMINE; 7491-74-9: PIRACETAM; 50-67-9: SEROTONIN; 51-43-4: EPINEPHRINE; 51-41-2: NOREPINEPHRINE; 51-61-6: DOPAMINE; 56-12-2: GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 56-86-0: GLUTAMIC ACID; 56-84-8: ASPARTIC ACID;56-40-6: GLYCINEMI: ASPARTIC-ACID; COGNITIVE-DEFICITS; DOPAMINE-; EPINEPHRINE-; GAMMA=AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; GLUTAMIC-ACID; GLYCINE-; MEMORY-LOSS; NOREPINEPHRINE-; PHYSOSTIGMINE-;PIRACETAM-; SENILE-DEMENTIA; SEROTONIN-AN: 199395135221


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TI: D-cycloserine attenuates scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats.AU: Fishkin-R-J {a}; Ince-E-S; Carlezon-W-A-Jr; Dunn-R-WAD: {a} Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Route 202-206, P.O. Box 2500, Somerville, NJ 08876-1258SO: Behavioral-and-Neural-Biology. 1993; 59 (2) 150-157.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0163-1047LA: EnglishAB: The muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (SCOP; 1.0 mg/kg, ip) impaired both the acquisition of a learning task in the Morris water maze (MWM) and choice accuracy in the T-maze reinforced alternation procedure in rats. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been shown to attenuate these deficits. D-Cysloserine(DCS), a partial agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, was investigated for its effects on SCOP-induced dementia in the MWM and T-maze paradigms. Combined administration ofSCOP and DCS (3.0, 10.0, or 30.0 mg/kg, ip; 30 min pretreat) significantly reversed SCOP-induced deficits in the T-maze as measured by percentage correct choices. In addition, DCS (3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg, ip) significantly attenuated SCOP-induced deficits in the MWM as measured by latency to find the submerged platform. For

comparison, the long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine (GAL) was tested in the T-maze (1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg, ip) and the MWM (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg, ip). GAL attenuated SCOP-induced deficits in both learning and memory models similar to DCS. These data suggest that the strychnine-insensitive partial glycine agonist, D-cycloserine, may be efficacious in disease states of central cholinergic hypofunction such as Alzheimer's disease.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Pathology-; Pharmacology-ST: Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Muridae- (Muridae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-vertebrates; nonhuman-mammals; rodents-; vertebrates-CB: D-CYCLOSERINE; SCOPOLAMINE-

RN: 68-41-7: D-CYCLOSERINE; 51-34-3: SCOPOLAMINEMI: ACQUISITION-; ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; AUTONOMIC-DRUG; CENTRAL-CHOLINERGIC-HYPOFUNCTION; COGNITIVE-DEFECTAN: 199395135202


TI: Lung uptake of technetium-99m HMPAO in cigarette smokers expressed by lung/liver activity ratio.AU: Shih-Wei-Jen {a}; Rehm-Stanley-R; Grunwald-Frank; Coupal-John-J; Biersack-Hans-J; Berger-Rolando; Lai-Yih-Loong; Ryo-U-Yun; Dillon-Marcus-LAD: {a} Nucl. Med. Serv., Dep. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40511, USA

SO: Clinical-Nuclear-Medicine. 1993; 18 (3) 227-230.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0363-9762LA: EnglishAB: Tc-99m HMPAO, a lipophilic radiopharmaceutical used for brain imaging, hasbeen reported to localize in smokers' lungs. To quantitate this uptake in the lung, 55 patients, who were referred for brain imaging for dementias or strokes, also underwent lung imaging (anterior lung imaging includes a large part of the liver) after IV injection of the radiopharmaceutical. Regions of interest over th


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e liver and the lung were calculated. Of the 55 patients (ages 13-79), 30 were smokers and 25 were nonsmokers. The smokers had been smoking from 6-59 years, anddaily cigarette consumption ranged from 8-50 cigarettes. The mean lung/liver ratio for smoking patients was 0.792 +- 0.042 (SE); the mean lung/liver ratio fornonsmoking patients was 0.408 +- 0.019 (SE). Lung/liver ratio uptake was significantly higher in the smoking patients (P lt 0.01) than in the nonsmokers. Thus,lung/liver uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO may be used as an indicator of cigarette smoking.AI: YMC: Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation); Morphology-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Pharmacology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Respiratory-System (Respiration-); Toxicology-ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: TECHNETIUM-99MRN: 14133-76-7: TECHNETIUM-99MMI: BRAIN-IMAGING; DEMENTIA-; DIAGNOSTIC-DRUG; TECHNETIUM-99M-HEXAMETHYLPROPYLENE-AMINE-OXIMEAN: 199395135190


TI: Temporal sequence of plaque formation in the cerebral cortex of non-demente

d individuals.AU: Sparks-D-Larry {a}; Liu-Huaichen; Scheff-Stephen-W; Coyne-Carolyn-M; Hunsaker-John-CAD: {a} 203 Sanders-Brown Bldg., UKMC, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, USASO: Journal-of-Neuropathology-and-Experimental-Neurology. 1993; 52 (2) 135-142.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0022-3069LA: EnglishAB: One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of argyrophilicplaques (arg-P) accompanying dementia and other forms of cognitive alterations.In the present investigation 195 non-demented, cognitively normal patients weregrouped according to the presence or absence of critical coronary artery diseas

e (cCAD), defined as a 75% or greater stenosis of one of the epicardial arteries. None of the subjects had significant cerebral vascular disease. The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and frontal pole were analyzed for the presence of arg-P, A4 deposition, ALZ-50 immunoreactive (IR) neurons and neuropil threads (NT). Individuals with cCAD have a significantly greater incidence of plaques than non-heartdisease (non-HD) subjects. Every cCAD subject had ALZ-50 IR neurons in the PHG and a greater incidence of NT as compared to the non-HD subjects. Every subject with plaques also had IR neurons and NT in the PHG. Based on the presumption thatearly neurodegeneration labeled by ALZ-50 antibody and amyloid deposition are in some way linked, then the sequence of plaque formation is initiated by the presence of ALZ-50 IR neurons followed in order by NT, A4 deposition and diffuse form arg-P.AI: Y

MC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Clinical-Immunology (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ALZ-50-ANTIBODY; ARGYROPHILIC-PLAQUE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; FRONTAL-POLE; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL-GYRUS; PROTEIN-A4AN: 199395134235


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TI: Physiologically active brain proteins as possible markers of mental illness.AU: Burbaeva-G-ShAD: All-Union Sci. Cent. Psychiatr. Health, Acad. Med. Sci. Russ., Moscow, RussiaSO: Vestnik-Rossiiskoi-Akademii-Meditsinskikh-Nauk. 1992; 0 (7) 51-54.PY: 1992DT: Article-LA: Russian; Non-EnglishLS: EnglishAB: It has been shown that there is a decrease in the content and activity of three neurospecific proteins (neurospecific enolase - NSE, glial fibrillar acid protein - GFAP and creatine kinase CK BB) in various structures of the postmortalbrain of schizophrenic patients and those with senile dementia and Alzheimer'sdisease. The differences in the intensity and localization of these disorders inthe above patients' groups have been detected. A previously unknown component of a pathological process in the brain, indicated by the decrease of the CK content and activity has been discovered. It is suggested that the decrease of the content of CK BB results in the development of energy deficit in the brain in patients with mental disorders.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Enzymology- (Biochemistry

-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: ENOLASE-RN: 9014-08-8: ENOLASEMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; CREATINE-KINASE; ENERGY-DEFICIENCY; GLIAL-FIBRILLAR-ACID-PROTEIN; NEUROSPECIFIC-ENOLASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA-; SENILE-DEMENTIAAN: 199395134162


TI: Two-Hz wide EEG bands in Alzheimer's disease.AU: Martin-Loeches-Manuel; Gil-Pedro; Rubia-Francisco-Jose {a}AD: {a} Dep. Fisiologia Humana, Facultad Med., Univ. Complutense Madrid, 28040Madrid, SpainSO: Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (3) 153-159.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-3223LA: EnglishAB: Twenty Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients in a mild to moderate stage of thedisease and 20 control subjects were compared in 17 2-hz wide bands from the electrodes 01, 02, P3, P4, T5, T6, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fp1, and Fp2. Differences reached statistical significance for 0-2 and 4-6 Hz bands, where AD patients presente

d highest power values. The AD group was divided into two groups according to the stage of disease. Both groups of patients presented 0-2 Hz increase in frontal, right parieto-temporal, and occipital areas. The increase in 4-6 Hz bond was mainly over frontal areas in both groups and over left parietal region in moderate AD patients. These results and those relative to dominant frequency and crossover frequency between groups are discussed according to previous results with conventional and 2-Hz wide bands in AD patients in a severe stage of the disease.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)


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ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: BRAIN-MAPPING; DEMENTIA-; DISEASE-SEVERITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-AN: 199395133930


TI: Cognitive functions and brain structures: A quantitative study of CSF volumes on Alzheimer patients and healthy control subjects.AU: Wahlund-Lars-Olof; Andersson-Lundman-Gunni; Basun-Hans; Almkvist-Ove; Bjorksten-Karin-Sparring; Saaf-Jan; Wetterberg-LennartAD: Karolinska Inst., Box 12500 S-11281, Stockholm, SwedenSO: Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging. 1993; 11 (2) 169-174.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0730-725XLA: EnglishAB: In the present study we have investigated the connection between cerebrospinal fluid spaces and cognitive function in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and in successfully aged control subjects. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were measured using a low field MRI techniques, and the cognitive functions were assessed with a number of psychometric tests. We found thatthe SDAT patients showed significantly larger relative volumes in all examined C

SF spaces. The largest differences between the groups were found in the volumesof the temporal horns. We also found a significant correlation between the relative CSF volumes in the basal parts of the brain, and episodic memory tests. Significant correlation were also detected between the relative volumes of the lateral ventricles, and degree of dementia as well as between the relative volumes ofthe lateral ventricles and episodic memory tests.AI: YMC: Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine,Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN-ELDERLY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; SENILE-DEMENTIAAN: 199395133917


TI: Contributing factors to intellectual impairment in patients with multiple lacunar infarctions.AU: Hanyu-Haruo {a}; Abe-Shinei {a}; Arai-Hisayuki {a}; Kubo-Hideki {a}; Shimizu-Nobuya {a}; Iwamoto-Toshihiko {a}; Takasaki-Masaru {a}; Fujita-Ryuichi; Tomori-Chiyuki; Motegi-AkiraAD: {a} Dep. Geriatric Med., Tokyo Med. Coll., JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (4) 298-304.

PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; EnglishAB: The author investigated factors leading to intellectual impairment in patients with multiple lacunar infarctions. The subject consisted of 40 patients withmultiinfarct dementia (MID) and 17 nondemented patients with multiple infarctions (MI) who showed multiple lacunar infarctions in the deep penetrating arterialterritory on CT. MID patients showed more marked and extensive perinventricular


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lucency (PVL), a higher degree of ventricular index (VI) measured on CT, and were of a higher age, and had poorer activity of daily living (ADL) compared withMI patients. There were significant correlations between the PVL score, VI, ADLscore, age and Hasegawa's dementia rating score (HDS). However, no significant differences in sex, site of infarct, and the count of low density areas reflectedlacunar infarction on CT, and vascular risk factors were shown between MID andMI patients. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the PVL score and VIshowed the highest partial correlations for HDS, and that the ADL score and agewere alos independently contributing factors. Our results suggest that deep white matter lesions observed as PVL on CT and ventricular enlargement were the most important factors contributing to intellectual impairment in patients with multiple lacunar infarcts, and that physical factors such as ADL and age can be considered to be related to the development of dementia.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: HASEGAWA'S-DEMENTIA-RATING-SCORE; MULTIPLE-INFARCT-DEMENTIA; PERIVENTRICULAR-LUCENCY; VENTRICULAR-INDEXAN: 199395133916


TI: Silent lacunes in the elderly Parkinson's disease correlated with ambulatory blood pressure.AU: Takeuchi-Katsusuke; Matsubayashi-Kozo; Kimura-Shigeaki; Kawamoto-Akiko; Ozawa-Toshio; Shimada-KazuyukiAD: Dep. Med. Geriatrics, Kochi Med. Sch., JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (7-8) 549-553.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; English

AB: Lacunes on brain MRI, casual blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and common carotid blood flow measured by the doppler method were studied in31 elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age 67.5 +- 7.3 years). Nineteen patients with Parkinson's disease (61%) had at least one lacune. Patients with lacunes (P(+)) were significantly higher in age than patients without lacune(P(-)). The difference of casual blood pressure between patients in the two groups was not significant. On the other hand, the average of ambulatory blood pressure measurements during a 24-hour period was significantly higher in the P(+) group than in the P(-) group. The average of carotid blood flow was also significantly lower in the P(+) group than in the P(-) group, however, after adjustmentfor age, the difference between them became insignificant. In conclusion, the incidence of silent lacunes on brain MRI was fairly common in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. A high average 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was sugg

ested to be one of the risk factors of lacunar stroke in elderly cases of Parkinson's disease. The concept of "combined type" in Parkinsonism was supposed to besuitable as well as in senile dementia of Alzheimer type.AI: YMC: Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-


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MI: BRAIN-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; STROKE-AN: 199395133908


TI: Immunohistochemical studies on S-100-beta positive structures in the humanhippocampus in regard to age and morphological change of dementia.AU: Sato-Tsuneko {a}; Ito-Yoshitake {a}; Miyaishi-Osamu {a}; Kohtani-Kenji {a};Mizuno-Yoshiaki {a}; Tauchi-Hisashi {a}; Kato-Kanefusa; Inagaki-ToshiakiAD: {a} Inst. Med. Sci. Aging, Aichi Med. University, JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 486-497.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; EnglishAB: The histological localization of S-100-beta protein in the hippocampus of human autopsy brains of 47 males (71-103 years old) and 90 females (56-104 yearsold) was studied immunohistochemically. Astrocytes and their processes were positively stained, but neuronal cells were not stained. However, Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangle-like, senile plaque-like and fibrillary spindle figures were stained positively. S-100-beta positive structures increased in grade with age, but not always equally on Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles or senile plaques stained by Bodian method. Astrocytes decreased in number with age, and showed mark

ed compensatory hypertrophy of their processes. S-100-beta positive structures seemed to be related to astroglial changes in terms of degeneration or loss of synapses.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Cell-Biology; Development-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Immune-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Methods-and-Techniques; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; ASTROGLIA-; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-AN: 199395133902


TI: Correlation of visual evoked potentials with dementia in Parkinson's disease.AU: Okuda-B; Tachibana-H; Kawabata-K; Takeda-M; Toda-K; Sugita-MAD: Fifth Dep. Internal Med., Hyogo Coll. Med., JapanSO: Japanese-Journal-of-Geriatrics. 1992; 29 (6) 475-479.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0300-9173LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; English

AB: There has been some debate regarding abnormalities in visual evoked potentials (VEP) in Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the mechanism causing abnormal VEP, we investigated the relationship between VEP and mental function in PD patients. Pattern reversal VEP was recorded in PD patients (n = 27) and age-matched control subjects (n = 14). PD patients consisted of two subgroups; PD withoutdementia (nD-PD; n = 17) and PD with dementia (D-PD; n = 10). Dementia was evaluated according to the criteria for dementia assigned in DSM III-R, and mental faculties were estimated by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). In pattern VEP recordings, P100 latency and amplitude were measured for each eye stimulated. No patient or control subject had impairment of corrected visual acuity


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or ophthalmological disease. There was no significant difference in age among the three groups (D-PD, nD-PD and control subjects). D-PD patients showed significantly prolonged P100 latency compared to nD-PD patients and control subjects (plt 0.05). With respect to P100 amplitude, no significant difference was shown among the three groups. In PD patients, there was a rough correlation between P100latency and MMSE score. No correlation was found between P100 amplitude and MMSE score. In control subjects, P100 latency did not correlate with advancing age.In PD patients, nD-PD patients showed a significant correlation between P100 latency and age, whereas D-PD patients presented no correlation. Abnormal VEP in PD has been mostly ascribed to dopaminergic deficiency in the retina. The presentstudy, however, suggests that dysfunction in the central visual system plays arole in abnormal pattern VEP in PD, particularly in D-PD. Since patients with Alzheimer's disease have abnormal flash VEP but normal pattern VEP, VEP seems to be valid for differential diagnosis of dementing diseases.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; GERIATRICS-; LATENCY-AN: 199395133901


TI: A neurophysiological study on the P300 component of event-related potentials in Hakim-Adams syndrome.AU: Quatrale-R {a}; Panarelli-M; Monetti-V-C; Trapella-G; Roccella-P; Granieri-E; Serra-GAD: {a} Neurol. Clin., Univ. Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, I-44100 Ferrara, ItalySO: European-Neurology. 1993; 33 (1) 44-47.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0014-3022LA: English

AB: We have explored the variability of P300 event-related potentials in patients affected by Hakim-Adams syndrome, with raised or intermittent intracranial pressure, treated with surgical cerebrospinal fluid shunting. The clinical utilityof P300 is confirmed in the light of the improvement of neurophysiological dataafter the surgical procedure, parallel with amelioration of neuropsychologicalperformances.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Urology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

MI: DEMENTIA-; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; SURGICAL-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNTINGAN: 199395133888


TI: Severe cognitive impairment in elderly schizophrenic patients: A clinicopathological study.AU: Purohit-Dushyant-P {a}; Davidson-Michael; Perl-Daniel-P; Powchik-Peter; Haroutunian-Vahram-H; Bierer-Linda-M; McCrystal-Janice; Losonczy-Miklos; Davis-Kenneth-L


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AD: {a} Mount Sinai Med. Cent., One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029,USASO: Biological-Psychiatry. 1993; 33 (4) 255-260.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-3223LA: EnglishAB: The severe cognitive impairment that affects many of the elderly schizophrenic patients could represent the outcome of schizophrenia in old age for the very severe and chronically ill patients or may be the result of lengthy institutionalization and somatic treatment. Alternatively, it could be due to the presenceof concurrent dementing disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-infarct dementia. Using an identicial neuropathological protocol, brain specimensfrom schizophrenic patients who showed evidence of severe cognitive impairment were compared with 12 age-matched control cases and the same number of age-matched cases of neuropathologically confirmed patients with AD. Despite their relatively advanced age (mean age 77.1 years +- 2.8), none of the schizophrenia cases showed sufficient degree of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formationsto confirm a diagnosis of AD. Other neurodegenerative disorders associated withdementia were also not identified. These studies suggest that alternative explanations need to be sought for the severe cognitive impairment commonly encountered in elderly schizophrenic patients.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Huma

n-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; DEMENTIA-; NEURODEGENERATIVE-DISORDER; SENILE-PLAQUEAN: 199395133882


TI: Alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA level in the aging brain and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.AU: Le-Prince-Ghislaine {a}; Delaere-Pia; Fages-Christiane; Duyckaerts-Charles;Hauw-Jean-Jacques; Tardy-Marcienne

AD: {a} INSERM U 282, Hopital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, FranceSO: Neuroscience-Letters. 1993; 151 (1) 71-73.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0304-3940LA: EnglishAB: The GFAP mRNA levels were compared to the density of the senile plaques (SP) in postmortem brain samples of 8 cases, either non-demented or affected by senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In the frontal neocortex, the GFAP mRNA level is not affected, even if SP are present. In the temporal neocortex, a positivecorrelation between GFAP mRNA level and SP density was highly significant. Thisshows that in this area, astrocytes are altered at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels, or both. The different responses of this astrogliosis marker

in each area may be related to the loss of specific neurotransmitter system.AI: YMC: Cell-Biology; Clinical-Chemistry (Allied-Medical-Sciences); Endocrine-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis); Genetics-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Molecular-Genetics (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-


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MI: ASTROCYTE-ALTERATION; ASTROGLIOSIS-MARKER; HUMAN-ELDERLY; MESSENGER-RNA; NEUROTRANSMITTER-SYSTEM-LOSS; POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL-LEVEL; SENILE-PLAQUE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL-LEVELAN: 199395133877


TI: Neuropsychological investigation in multiple sclerosis.AU: Tei-Hideaki {a}; Soma-Yoshiaki; Maruyama-Shoichi {a}AD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Neurological Inst., Tokyo Women's Med. Coll., 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, JapanSO: Brain-and-Nerve-Tokyo. 1993; 45 (2) 133-137.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-8969LA: Japanese; Non-EnglishLS: Japanese; EnglishAB: We studied neuropsychological performance in 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuropsychological test batteries consisted of Mini-Mental State Examination, Digist Span, Paired Associate Learning Test (PAL), Benton Visual Retention Test, Kohs Block-Design Test, Digit Symbol Subtest in WAIS, 'Kanahiroi' Test, Verbal Fluency and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In accordance with cerebral lesions on MRI, patients were divided into three groups A: Multiple-confluent lesions, B: Discrete lesions, C: No lesion. In MS patients as a whole, performance

of PAL, "Kanahiroi" Test and Verbal Fluency were significantly impaired comparedwith 10 age and education matched normal controls (p lt 0.05), while other tests were not. In four out of five patients of A group, more than four neuropsychological tests showed bellow mean -2SD score of normal controls, whereas in patients of B and C group, less than three neuropsychological tests showed bellow -2SDscore of normal controls. In conclusion, severity of cognitive impairment in patients with MS correlated with lesion extent on MRI. Patients with MS exhibitedsignificant cognitive impairment on tasks of recent memory and mental processingspeed. It is suggested that MS patients show the features of subcortical dementia.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)

ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: COGNITIVE-IMPAIRMENT; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING; MEMORY-; MENTAL-PROCESSING-SPEED; SUBCORTICAL-DEMENTIAAN: 199395133847


TI: Gait disorders of multi-infarct dementia: CT and clinical correlation.AU: Thajeb-PAD: Sect. Neurol., Cathay General Hosp., 280, Section 4 Jen Ai Road, P.O. Box 54-20, Taipei, Taiwan

SO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (3) 239-242.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0001-6314LA: EnglishAB: Twenty-five patients with various types of gait disorders of multi-infarctdementia (MID) were reported. The types of gait disorders consisted of lower body parkinsonism (LBP) plus ataxia (6 patients), LBP plus apraxia (5 patients), and a combination of LBP plus ataxia and apraxia (14 patients). Hypertension occurred in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. Nevertheless, individual stroke risk factors


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and the locations of infarcts were not significantly different between the subgroups. Ventriculomegaly and "leuko-araiosis" as demonstrated by computed tomography occurred in more than 80% of patients in each subgroup. Atrophy of the superior vermis was seen in 16 (80%) of 20 patients with ataxia as compared to 2 (40%) of the 5 patients without ataxia (p lt 0.005). These data suggest that LBP andapraxia of MID were probably determined by the presence of ventriculomegaly orleuko-araiosis or both, and the presence of ataxic component of gait disorder most probably indicates the presence of vermian atrophy.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Cardiovascular-Medicine (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Equipment-, Apparatus-, Devices-and-Instruments; Morphology-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: APRAXIA-; ATAXIA-; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HYPERTENSION-; LEUKO-ARAIOSIS; LOWER-BODY-PARKINSONISM; VENTRICULOMEGALY-; VERMIAN-ATROPHYAN: 199395133845


TI: Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: An electroclinical, biochemical, morpholo

gical and molecular genetic study of 17 cases.AU: Franceschetti-Silvana {a}; Antozzi-C; Binelli-S; Carrara-F; Nardocci-N; Zeviani-M; Avanzini-GAD: {a} Ist. Nazionale Neurol. "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, ItalySO: Acta-Neurologica-Scandinavica. 1993; 87 (3) 219-223.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0001-6314LA: EnglishAB: Electroclinical, morphological, biochemical and molecular genetic data from17 patients affected by progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME) are reported. Twelve patients were characterized by prominent action myoclonus, sporadic seizures, mild ataxia, lack of dementia and persistence of normal EEG background activi

ty; three patients showed a more rapid worsening of symptomatology, characterized by early mental impairment, massive and action myoclonus, cerebellar signs andtonic clonic seizures; in these patients EEG background activity was slow, evenin early stages of the disease. In two patients, previously classified as cryptogenetic PME, a mitochondrial aetiology was recognized by the presence of raggedred fibers in muscle biopsy and by a reduction of the respiratory chains enzymes. Molecular genetical investigation of mtDNA demonstrated the reported heteroplasmic point mutation at nt 8344 of mtDNA in the two MERRF patients, while it wasnegative in all of the others.AI: YMC: Cell-Biology; Genetics-; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)

ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: CEREBELLAR-SIGN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-; MENTAL-IMPAIRMENT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POINT-MUTATION; TONIC-CLONIC-SEIZUREAN: 199395133842


TI: Temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of ear


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ly Alzheimer's disease.AU: Erkinjuuntti-Timo {a}; Lee-Donald-H; Gao-Fuqiang; Steenhuis-Runa; Eliasziw-Michael; Fry-Rick; Merskey-Harold; Hachinski-Vladimir-CAD: {a} Dep. Neurol., Memory Res. Unit, Univ. Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290Helsinki, FinlandSO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (3) 305-310.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0003-9942LA: EnglishAB: Objective: To evaluate the use of simple ratings and linear measures of atrophy in the temporal lobe structures obtained with magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease. Design: Prospective series. The National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer'sDisease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease. Blinded assessment. Setting: Dementia study in a university hospital. Subjects: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=34), scoring 150 or more on the Extended Scale for Dementia, and age-matched healthy community volunteers (n=39) who had both magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans and a psychometric assessment using the Extended Scale for Dementia within 6 months were included. Measures: Main measures: T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans, a 1.5-T system. The degree of atrophy rated (0 to 4) in both sides of the temporal neocortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, temporal horns, third ventricle, lateral ventricles, and frontal and parietal cortex. Linear measures: the area of h

ippocampus and the maximal transverse width of temporal horns. Results: Differentiation between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls was limited by considerable variations in sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed revealed a clear order of discrimination, the entorhinal cortex and the temporal neocortex being the two best, followed by the temporal horns and hippocampal formation. For a given specificity of 90%, the corresponding sensitivity for the entorhinal cortex, temporal neocortex, temporal horns,and hippocampal formation was 95%, 63%, 56%, and 41%, respectively. Linear measures differed significantly but showed considerable overlap. Conclusion: The presence of rated atrophy in selected temporal structures makes the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease more likely, but the absence does not rule out the possibilityof early Alzheimer's disease.AI: Y

MC: Behavior-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ENTORHINAL-CORTEX; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; SENSITIVITY-; SPECIFICITY-; TEMPORAL-HORN; TEMPORAL-NEOCORTEXAN: 199395133801


TI: Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general populat

ion: The Framingham study.AU: Bachman-D-L; Wolf-P-A; Linn-R-T; Knoefel-J-E; Cobb-J-L; Belanger-A-J; White-L-R; D'-Agostino-R-BAD: Dep. Neurology, Boston Univ. Sch. Med., 80 East Concord Street, B608, Boston, MA 02118SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (3 PART 1) 515-519.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0028-3878LA: English


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AB: Objective: To determine the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a general population sample. Background: Utilizing subjects in the Framingham Study cohort determined to be free of dementia in 1976 to 1978, or on biennial examination 17 in 1982, all new cases of dementia arising in this cohort over a maximum of 10 years of follow-up were ascertained. Methods: On biennial examination 14/15, a screening neuropsychologic examination was administered to 2,117 subjects, and cases of probable prevalent dementia were identified. Beginningon examination 17 and on all successive biennial examinations, a Mini-Mental State Examination was administered. Subjects previously free of dementia and falling below age-education levels were evaluated by a neurologist and neuropsychologist to determine if dementia was present and to ascertain the dementia type usingstandard criteria. Results: Five-year incidence of dementia increased with age,doubling in successive 5-year age groups. Dementia incidence rose from 7.0 per1,000 at ages 65 to 69 to 118.0 per 1,000 at ages 85 to 89 for men and women combined. Incidence of probable AD also doubled with successive quinquennia from 3.5 at ages 65 to 69 to 72.8 per 1,000 at ages 85 to 89 years. Incidence of dementia and of probable AD did not level off with age and was not different in men and women. Conclusions: In a general population sample, we determined incidence ofdementia and of probable AD and will use these incident cases for study of precursors and natural history in this elderly cohort, which has been under close surveillance for over 40 years.AI: YMC: Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medic

ine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: AGE-OF-INCIDENCE; MINI-MENTAL-STATE-EXAMINATIONAN: 199395133761


TI: Electrophysiologic detection of extrapyramidal motor signs in Alzheimer's disease.AU: Kischka-Udo; Mandir-Allen-S; Ghika-Joseph; Growdon-John-H {a}AD: {a} Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Neurology Service, ACC 830, Boston, MA 02114

SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (3 PART 1) 500-505.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0028-3878LA: EnglishAB: We applied quantitative methods to measure extrapyramidal signs in 50 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 40 age-matched control subjects. We measured tremor using accelerometers, bradykinesia using computer-detected reaction times (RTs) and movement times (MTs), and rigidity using a strain gauge linked to a movable arm rest. We excluded subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and subjects who required antiparkinsonian, neuroleptic, or anxiolytic medications. Aside from rigidity in two patients, there were no extrapyramidal signson clinical examination. Based on electrophysiologic measures, however, there w

as a significant increase in muscle tone (p lt 0.001), RT (p lt 0.01), and MT (plt 0.03) in AD patients as a group compared with control subjects. Within the AD group, muscle tone and MTs increased across clinical stages of dementia severity (p lt 0.05). Tremor frequency and amplitude were normal in AD subjects. Thesedata indicate that quantitative neurophysiologic measures are superior to conventional clinical examinations in detecting extrapyramidal signs in AD. The pathologic substrates of extrapyramidal signs in AD are uncertain but seem to be linked to the degenerative AD process.AI: YMC: Methods-and-Techniques; Muscular-System (Movement-and-Support); Nervous-Sys


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tem (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: ACCELEROMETER-; COMPUTER-ANALYSIS-METHOD; DEMENTIA-SEVERITY; MOVEMENT-TIME;MUSCLE-TONE; REACTION-TIME; TREMOR-AN: 199395133758


TI: Alzheimer's disease-like dystrophic neurites characteristically associatedwith senile plaques are not found with other neurodegenerative diseases unless amyloid beta-protein deposition is present.AU: Benzing-William-C; Mufson-Elliott-J; Armstrong-David-M {a}AD: {a} FGIN, Georgetown Univ., 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USASO: Brain-Research. 1993; 606 (1) 10-18.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-8993LA: EnglishAB: Swollen, bulbous-shaped (dystrophic) neurites are a common pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and represent one of the most abundant neuritic abnormalities within the brains of patients with this disease. In the present stu

dy, we sought to determine whether the dystrophic neurites which are observed inassociation with senile plaques are unique to AD or whether they are characteristic of a more generalized process of neuritic and/or neuronal degeneration which can be observed in other neurodegenerative diseases. To accomplish this, we examined post-mortem brain material from patients with AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with associated AD, Parkinson's disease with dementia yetwithout AD pathology, Huntington's disease (HD), Pick's disease and normal age-matched controls (NC). Using a battery of antibodies to amyloid beta-protein (A-beta-P), paired-helical filaments (PHF), tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P, neurotensin, and somatostatin we found that immunolabeled dystrophic neurites of thetype characteristically observed in AD, were seen only in cases and in brain regions where A-beta-P deposition was present. More specifically, brain areas known to display severe afferent and/or local degenerative changes such as the cauda

te and putamen in all three PD groups, the caudate in the HD cases, and the temporal cortex in the HD and Pick's cases were conspicuously free of these swollenneurites unless A-beta-P deposition was also present. While these findings did not exclude the possibility that other forms of neuritic degeneration may accompany the degeneration seen in these other diseases, they do suggest that the enlarged immunolabeled neurites so frequently observed in AD brains are unique to ADand in particular are restricted to brain regions with beta-amyloid deposits.AI: YMC: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-

CB: AMYLOID-RN: 11061-24-8: AMYLOIDMI: HUNTINGTON'S-DISEASE; PARKINSON'S-DISEASE; PICKS-DISEASEAN: 199395133747


TI: Neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex of AIDS brains: A morphometric study.AU: Weis-S {a}; Haug-H; Budka-H


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AD: {a} Inst. Neuropathology, Univ. Munich, Thalkirchnerstrasse 36, W-8000 Munich 2, GermanySO: Acta-Neuropathologica. 1993; 85 (2) 185-189.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0001-6322LA: EnglishAB: Using stereological methods, two cerebral cortical areas from AIDS brains were investigated. Neuronal density, profile area of neurons, and perikaryon volume fraction were measured and compared to age-matched control brains. In the fronto-orbital cortex (area 11) of AIDS brains, a significant loss of neurons was seen. The perikaryon volume fraction was likewise decreased. The size of neuronsdid not differ between control and AIDS brains. In patients with clinical signsof progressive dementia and in brains with human immunodeficiency virus ((HIV)-specific neuropathology (HIV-leukoencephalopathy and or HIV-encephalitis) as compared to patients lacking these features, a small decrease in neuronal density was noted but this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance(P = 0.16). In the superior parietal lobule (area 7) of AIDS brains, no loss ofnerve cells was noted. AIDS patients with progressive dementia and brains with HIV-specific neuropathology showed no difference in neuronal densities as compared to those without such features. We conclude that the fronto-orbital cortex, incontrast to the parietal cortex, is mainly damaged in AIDS brains. Neuronal loss was not significantly correlated with development of dementing symptoms and ofHIV-specific neuropathology.

AI: YMC: Behavior-; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Cell-Biology;Clinical-Immunology (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Hematology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Infection-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Retroviridae-: Viruses-OR: human-immunodeficiency-virus (Retroviridae-); Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; vertebrates-; viruses-MI: ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS-; FRONTO-ORBITAL-CORTEX; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY-; NEURONAL-LOSS; PARIETAL-CORTEX; PROGRESSIVE-DEMENTIA

AN: 199395132569


TI: Magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of cerebral volume loss inhuman immunodeficiency virus infection.AU: Jernigan-Terry {a}; Archibald-Sarah; Hesselink-John-R; Atkinson-J-Hampton;Velin-Robert-A; McCutchan-J-Allen; Chandler-James; Grant-Igor; (usa)-The-Hiv-Neurobehavioral-Research-Center-GroupAD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry, 0631-P, Univ. Calif.-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0631, USASO: Archives-of-Neurology. 1993; 50 (3) 250-255.PY: 1993

DT: Article-IS: 0003-9942LA: EnglishAB: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare male subjects seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV positive), with and without medical symptoms, with two groups of men who were seronegative (HIV negative). The control subjects included men at high risk for exposure to HIV-1 and those at low risk. None of the HIV-positive subject met criteria for HIV-associateddementia or had detectable opportunistic brain disease. Quantitative image-analytic techniques were used to estimate volumes of ventricular and cortical cerebro


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spinal fluid cerebral white matter, and cortical and subcortical gray matter structures. Relative to low-risk group control subjects and asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects, nondemented but medically symptomatic HIV-positive subjects showedsignificant increases in cerebrospinal fluid, reduced volume of cerebral white matter, and reduced cerebral gray matter volumes. Unexpectedly, however, some cerebrospinal fluid increases and gray matter volume decrease were present in the seronegative high-risk control subject as well.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Genetics-; Infection-; Microbiology-; Morphology-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Physiology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Radiology- (Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Retroviridae-: Viruses-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-); Retroviridae- (Retroviridae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; microorganisms-; primates-; vertebrates-; viruses-MI: CEREBRAL-GRAY-MATTER; CEREBRAL-WHITE-MATTER; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-ASSOCIATED-DEMENTIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-SEROPOSITIVE; MALE-; SERONEGATIVE-HIGH-RISKAN: 199395132535


TI: Prevalence and recognition rates of psychiatric disorder in the elderly clients of a community care service.AU: Banerjee-SubeAD: York Clinic, Guy's Hosp., London SE1 9RT, UKSO: International-Journal-of-Geriatric-Psychiatry. 1993; 8 (2) 125-131.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0885-6230LA: EnglishAB: One hundred and sixty-nine people over the age of 65 receiving home care services in Lewisham were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State (A) (GMS(A)) and diagnostic output was obtained using AGECAT. The prevalence of psychiatricdisorder in this group is reported and is compared with that found in community

surveys which have used the GMS/AGECAT package. Of note is the 26.0% prevalencerate of cases of depression. The prevalence rate of AGECAT 'depressive psychosis' was found to be 13.6%, which was significantly higher than expected. Measuresof agreement between AGECAT diagnostic cases and assessments made by home carestaff are presented sbd 'kappa' values and negative predictive values are higherfor organic cases than for cases of depression. These 'recognition' rates are compared with reported recognition rates of psychiatric disorder in the elderly by health care professionals. Suggestions for further research are made so that the stated aims of the White Paper Caring for People can be achieved.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Epidemiology- (Population-Studies); Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine,Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pathology-; Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Pu

blic-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-GE: England- (British-Isles, UK-, Europe-, Palearctic-region); UK- (Europe-, Palearctic-region)MI: DEMENTIA-; DEPRESSION-; DIAGNOSIS-; EPIDEMIOLOGY-AN: 199395125370



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TI: What becomes of demented patients referred to a psychogeriatric unit? An approach to audit.AU: Reddy-Subbalekshmi {a}; Pitt-BriceAD: {a} Dep. Psychiatry Elderly, Runwell Hosp., Wickford, Essex SS11 7QE, UKSO: International-Journal-of-Geriatric-Psychiatry. 1993; 8 (2) 175-180.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0885-6230LA: EnglishAB: A 1-year follow-up study was undertaken of a random sample of 40 elderly patients living at home given a diagnosis of 'dementia' after referral to the Psychogeriatric Department at St Charles' Hospital, London, W10. Eighteen (45%) patients were admitted to institutional care. There was an association between physical disability and institutionalization. A similar tendency was observed for social disturbance and hospital admission. The 1-year survival rate for the samplewas 82.5%. All the seven patients who died were moderately/severely demented. Twenty-three patients (55%) had informal key carers. Half of these showed considerable stress according to the General Health Questionnaire and the Strain Scale scores. All the recommendations made by the psychogeriatric team were carried outwithout much delay.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Geriatrics- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Human-Ecology (Anthropology-); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human

-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Public-Health (Allied-Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: Hominidae- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: COMMUNITY-; HUMAN-ELDERLYAN: 199395125019


TI: The visual variant of Alzheimer's disease: A clinicopathologic case study.AU: Levine-David-N {a}; Lee-John-M; Fisher-C-MAD: {a} N.Y. Univ. Med. Cent., Rusk Inst., Room 220, 400 E. 34 St., New York, NY 10016, USA

SO: Neurology-. 1993; 43 (2) 305-313.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0028-3878LA: EnglishAB: A 59-year-old man developed problems with reading and driving. When first examined, he had great difficulty locating and identifying items by sight. Visualacuity was normal, but contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequencies was severely impaired. The peripheral visual fields were moderately constricted with depressed flicker fusion frequencies, more on the right. Color identification waspreserved. The difficulties in identifying and locating objects by sight were aggravated by increasing the complexity and multiplicity of the items in the fieldof vision and by changing the ambient illumination. Intellect and memory were r

elatively intact, except for difficulty with calculations. Over a 12-year coursethe visual defects steadily worsened, and eventually memory and language skillsfailed. Social manners, perseverance, and affect remained normal. Postmortem examination showed cortical atrophy, predominantly posterior, with abundant neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The density of the tangles was correlatedwith the severity of the atrophy, being highest in the occipitoparietal areas and lowest in the frontal lobes. Alzheimer's disease can preferentially affect theposterior cerebral hemispheres and cause a dementia presenting with, and dominated by, visual disturbances.AI: Y


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MC: Behavior-; Nervous-System (Neural-Coordination); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Sense-Organs (Sensory-Reception)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-MI: CONTRAST-SENSITIVITY; CORTICAL-ATROPHY; DRIVING-DIFFICULTY; LOW-SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; MEMORY-LOSS; NEUROFIBRILLARY-TANGLE; OCCIPITOPARIETAL-AREA; READING-DIFFICULTY; SENILE-PLAQUE; VISUAL-DEFECTAN: 199395124923


TI: Serum histamine in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia.AU: Cacabelos-Ramon {a}; Fernandez-Novoa-L; Perez-Trullen-J-M; Franco-Maside-A;Alvarez-X-AAD: {a} Dep. Psychogeriatics, Inst. CNS Disorders, Basic and Clinical Neurosciences Res. Cent., P.O. Box 733, 15080 La Coruna, SpainSO: Methods-and-Findings-in-Experimental-and-Clinical-Pharmacology. 1992; 14 (9) 711-715.PY: 1992DT: Article-IS: 0379-0355LA: English

AB: Recent data indicate that a neuroimmune reaction might be responsible in part for neuronal death and cognitive deterioration in senile dementia. The potential involvement of brain histamine (HA) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in this processhas been previously documented. We have studied the concentration of serum HA in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) and inage-matched control subjects. Serum HA levels were significantly higher in AD (10.935 +/- 5.692 nM) and MID (8.521 +/- 3.44 nM) than in controls (5.533 +/- 2.567 nM) and correlated with mental performance as evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (r = +0.493, p lt 0.009). No correlation was found withcardiovascular parameters, cerebrovascular risk factors or age. Hyperactivationof the histaminergic system in AD at central and peripheral levels might reflecta neuroimmune reaction to brain tissue damage, a neurotrophic response, and/ora reactive process to regulate the IL-1 induced amyloid precursor protein (APP)

overproduction.AI: YMC: Behavior-; Clinical-Immunology (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Metabolism-; Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine,Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: HISTAMINE-RN: 51-45-6: HISTAMINEMI: NEUROIMMUNE-REACTIONAN: 199395124917


TI: Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells and serum in demented patients and in aging.AU: De-Lustig-Eugenia-S {a}; Serra-Jorge-A; Kohan-Silvia; Canziani-Gabriela-A;Famulari-Arturo-L; Dominguez-Raul-OAD: {a} Inst. Oncol. Angel H. Roffo, Avda. San Martin 5481, Buenos Aires 1417,ArgentinaSO: Journal-of-the-Neurological-Sciences. 1993; 115 (1) 18-25.PY: 1993


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DT: Article-IS: 0022-510XLA: EnglishAB: The activity of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) hasbeen investigated in serum and red blood cells (RBC) homogenate obtained from demented patients with associated vascular lesions (VD), demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and healthy controls (CG) of the same age. Theincrease in SOD activity was statistically significant (P lt 0.01) in RBCs homogenate of DAT and VD patients, when compared to controls, but no differences appear between the two diseased groups. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in SOD activity (P lt 0.01) in DAT patients above 70 years as compared to those 50-70 years old, and a relation between SOD and age were found. No changes in SOD activity with age in healthy controls nor in vascular dementia group were detected. A statistically significant increase in Circulating SOD activity (P lt 0.01) was observed in vascular patients compared to controls. The observedincrease in DAT Circulating SOD activity (against CG) was not significant. The increased levels of Cu-Zn SOD, probably represent a general alteration of the oxidative processes characteristic of these dementias and suggest that the enzyme might be used as a marker.AI: YMC: Blood-and-Lymphatics (Transport-and-Circulation); Development-; Geriatrics-(Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Neurology- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences); Psychiatry- (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences)ST: Hominidae-: Primates-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-

OR: human- (Hominidae-)TN: animals-; chordates-; humans-; mammals-; primates-; vertebrates-CB: COPPER-ZINC-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASERN: 9054-89-1: COPPER-ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASEMI: ALZHEIMER'S-DISEASE; DISEASE-MARKERAN: 199395122650


TI: Pathological overlap in cases of Parkinsonism associated with neurofibrillary tangles: A study of recent cases of postencephalitic Parkinsonian and comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Guamanian Parkinsonism-dementia complex.

AU: Geddes-Jennian-F; Hughes-Andrew-J; Lees-Andrew-J; Daniel-Susan-E {a}AD: {a} Parkinson's Dis. Society Brain Bank, Inst. Neurol., 1 Wakefield St., London WC1N 1PJ, UKSO: Brain-. 1993; 116 (1) 281-302.PY: 1993DT: Article-IS: 0006-8950LA: EnglishAB: In recent years a number of patients suffering from long-standing postencephalitic parkinsonism have donated their brains to the United Kingdom Parkinson'sDisease Society Brain Bank, in London. ln view of the paucity of detailed neuropathological reports of the disease since the 1940s, we have carried out a clinicopathological study of eight recent cases. A spectrum of pathological change wa

s seen, with highly variable involvement of cortical, subcortical and

Webspirs Biological Abstracts

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