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Running head: BADMINTON NOTEBOOK 1

Badminton Notebook

Shelby Roberts

Dr. Langford

Lifetime Activities

KSPE 2020

Spring 2014

BADMINTON NOTEBOOK 3

Table of Contents

History………………………………………………………………………...Page(s)5-6

Badminton Progression……………………………………………………...Page(s) 6-7

Skills…………………………………………………………………………..Page(s)7-13

Grip……………………………………………………………………Page(s)7-9

Ready Position………………………………………………………...Page 9

Underhand Forehand Clear……………………………………………Page 10

Overhand Forehand Clear……………………………………………..Page 11

Underhand Backhand Stroke…………………………………………..Page 11

Overhand Backhand Stroke……………………………………………Page 12

Service…………………………………………………………………Page 13

Drills to Improve Skills………………………………………………………Page 14-15

Partner Hand Drill……………………………………………………..Page 14

Serve and Serve Return Drills…………………………………………Page 14

Drop Shot Drill………………………………………………………...Page 14

Volley Drill…………………………………………………………….Page 15

Clear, Smash, and Drop………………………………………………..Page 15

Lead-Up Games………………………………………………………………Page 15-16

Wall Badminton………………………………………………………..Page 15

King/Queen of Court…………………………………………………...Page16

Rules…………………………………………………………………………...Page16-18

Toss…………………………………………………………………….Page 16

Court & Dimensions…………………………………………………...Page 16


Scoring System…………………………………………………………Page 17

Change Ends……………………………………………………………Page 18

Rules of Badminton- Singles………………………………………………….Page 18

Serving and Receiving Courts………………………………………….Page 18

Scoring and Serving…………………………………………………….Page 18

Rules of Badminton- Doubles………………………………………………..Page18-23

Order of Play and Position on Court……………………………………Page 18

Scoring and Serving…………………………………………………….Page 18

Service Court Errors…………………………………………………….Page19

Faults……………………………………………………………………Page 20

Shuttle Not in Play………………………………………………………Page 21

Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties………………………………..Page 22

Officials and Appeals……………………………………………………Page 23

Badminton Rules Condensed…………………………………………………Page23-24

The Basics……………………………………………………………….Page 23

The Court………………………………………………………………..Page 23

The Game……………………………………………………………….Page 23

Scoring…………………………………………………………………..Page 24

Serving…………………………………………………………………..Page 24

The Game………………………………………………………………..Page 24

Badminton Deep Clear Serve Sheet………………………………………….Page(s)24-28

Reference……………………………………..…………………………………Page 29


History of Badminton

Europe and Asia have ancient history in Badminton, it is estimated to have been

around for more than 2000 years. Badminton was call battledore or shuttlecock before it

was renamed what we call it today, Badminton. In the 1600’s Badminton was considered

a sport for the wealthy. In the 1600’s they simply played by hitting the shuttlecock back

and forth with a bad without allowing the shuttlecock to hit the ground.

A similar form of Badminton was played in India in the 1800’s called Poon. The

difference was a net was used in Poon, hitting the shuttlecock back and forth over the net

to each other. This game intrigued the British officers that were over in India in the

1800’s. The British officers took it back to England and it was introduced over there with

great success. It was introduced as a game for the guests of the Duke of Beaufort at his

stately home ‘Badminton’ in Gloucestershire, England where it became popular. () In

March 1898, the first Open Tournament was held at Guildford the first 'All England'

Championships were held the following year. () Shortly after in the 1930”s the Unites

States, Canada, and Denmark took up a interest in Badminton.

The International Badminton Federation was formed in 1934; the different places

that joined this Federation are England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Holland,

Canada, New Zealand and France. Later in 1936 India joined. The first tournament was

named the Thomas Cup. The International Badminton Federation held the Thomas Cup,

which was a world’s men’s team championship. Later several different tournaments were

set in place including different sex, individual, and mixed teams.

Badminton became a part of the Olympics in 1992 in Barcelona. Therefore

badminton is fairly new. In Barcelona there was a singles and a doubles event, not until


the Olympics in Atlanta in 1996 were mixed double events added to badminton. This is

the only event in the Olympics that has a mixed gender event. Since Badminton has been

put in the Olympics only five difference countries have won the gold medal in

Badminton.

Badminton Progression

Hit the bird to the wall (close) with hand

Hit the bird to the wall (one short step) with hand

Hit the bird to the wall (one long step) with hand

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked near throat (close)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked near throat (one long step)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked near throat (two long steps)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked middle of shaft (close)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked middle of shaft (one long step)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked middle of shaft (two long steps)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked close to the handle (close)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked close to the handle (one long step)

Hit the bird to the wall with racquet chocked close to the handle (two long steps)

Teach grip (forehand and backhand)

Finesse drills

Swing

Power Swing

Stance swing (swoosh)

Stance and hitting for distance to the wall


Skills and drills with partner: Forehand underhand clear, Backhand underhand clear,

Forehand overhead clear, Backhand overhead clear, Drop shot, Smash, Serve, (short and

long)

Hitting smashes over the net with a partner

Hitting drop shot over the net with a partner

Skills

Grip

The proper grip is vital for a individual to learn to be able to hit the shuttle cock

correctly. When gripping the racquet with the forehand grip the play should hold it as if

they were shaking hands with the racquet. The racquet should lay in the hand diagonally

and the edge of the racquet should line up parallel into the palm. Ring finger and pink

should wrap around the racquet. This prevents the racquet from sliding out of the hand or

into the palm of the hand. The index finger is placed a little farther apart from the rest of

the fingers but still wrapped around the racquet for support. The check and see if the grip

is correct see if the grip between the thumb and index finger form a “V” shape. The “V”

should form over the bevel of the handle.


The backhand grip can be performed in two different ways depending on the type

of shot the player plans to use. If the player plans to use a power shot such as clears,

drives, or smashes. To get the correct grip first make a forehand grip on the racket then

rotate and move the hand and thumb to the handles left bevel and up the hand about

finger width closer to the head of the racket. Higher skilled players are able to hit a

backhand shot with a forehand grip. If the player is trying to perform a drive, smash, or

body shots then the racket handle should be places more perpendicular with the four

fingers. The thumb should be up slightly more. The thumb should be on the racquets back

bevel. These strokes using the grips are using the wrist, forehand, and elbow.


Ready Position

When the shuttlecock is not on the player’s side of the court they should always

be standing on the balls of their feet with the knees bent and the feet shoulder width apart.

The racket should be being held in the middle of the body near the chest. This is called

the ready position.


Underhand Forehand Clear

There are several steps to perform an overhand forehand stroke the first is to

begin in the read position. Once the shuttlecock has been returned to the player on the

forehand side then the player should turn their body facing the wall and the non-dominate

foot side of the body facing the net. When the shuttle travels to the player’s side the

player should have the racket in the scratch the back position, the weight should be on the

back foot, when the ball come, the hand without the racket should track the ball, the

player should wait till the shuttle fall to its lowest point before making contact with the

shuttle. Once contact has been made the weight should be transferred to the front foot and

the swing should have been made all the ways through.

Overhand Forehand Clear

The first thing when performing the forehand overhead clear is being prepared for

the shuttlecock in ready position and with the forehand grip ready. When the ball is being


sent over to the players then they should turn their body with their non-dominant side of

the body facing the net. The weight should begin in the back foot with the racket up

behind the head in the read position. The non dominant hand should be tracking the

shuttle as it is coming over the net, when the shuttle makes it over the player should hit

the shuttle at the highest point in front of the body almost parallel with the body. As the

follow through begins the racket should follow all the way through and weight should be

shifted to the front foot. Then move back into ready position ready to hit the shuttle

again.

Underhand backhand Stroke

This is very similar to the underhand forehand stroke. The only difference is the

racket is on the backhand side of the body. The player should start in ready position.

When the shuttlecock is returned to them, they will turn their body to the wall and the


dominant foot side of the body will be facing the net. The player will track the shuttle as

it is being returned. The player will wait till the shuttle get to the lowest point then strike

it with the racket. Remember to follow through.

Overhead Backhand Stroke

The overhead backhand stroke should begin in the ready position as the shuttle is

being set over the net the player should turn their body facing the wall with this time their

dominate side of the body facing the net. The racket should be placed touching the hit

and lined up parallel with the racket face facing the net and the base line. The elbow

should be facing up. The weigh should start in the back foot and as the shuttle come over

and the racket makes contact with the shuttle at the highest point the weight should

transfer to the front foot, while the racket continues to follow through towards the target.

Service


This is a very important skill because it begins the game and begins play after a

fault or error has been made. There is two types of serve a short and long serve. Both

serves use the same form but the difference is the power used to hit the shuttlecock to

make it travel to the projected destination of the court.

When hitting the shuttlecock using the long serve the shuttles travel should be

high and deep in the court. The shuttle should land near the baseline of the court. This is

normally used in singles because it is hardest to return. When hitting the shuttlecock for a

short serve the shuttle should travel over the net and land near the line of the non-

volleying zone.

Steps to a legal serve are hitting the shuttle below the waist with the entire racket

shaft angles downwards. The racket is held below the waist out in front of the body with

the shuttlecock in the non-dominate hand but the feathers of the shuttle. When make

contact the racket should come back behind the body still below the waist, make contact

with the shuttle below the waist, and should follow through up to the shoulder.


Drills to Improve Skills

Serve and Serve Return Drill

In this drill the teacher should instruct the students to find a partner. At this point

the nets should be hung up and ready for use. In this four people can be at each court for

the most effective time management if there are not enough nets for each individual pair

to have their own court. The pairs may alternate turns and then boxes once both partners

have had a turn serving and returning. To perform this skill the partner that will be the

server first will serve the shuttle over the net performing a deep serve projected to land

near the baseline or short serve near the line before the non-volleying zone. The partner

returning the shuttle should aim in several different places depending on partner position,

one being deep returns, drop shot, or cross-court. The amount of repetition each group

can change depending on how many people are at that court but the recommended is 30

serves for each partner and 10 to each area of the court for the partner returning the

shuttlecock to the service side. The serve side should not stop the returning sides ball

before it hit the floor so the player that returned the shuttle knows if they completed their

shot or need to make modifications. Once the partners have completed the task the

partners switch roles.

Drop Drill

This drill the partners should be on opposite sides of the net the person hitting the

ball to the person who will perform a drop shot should have 5 shuttlecocks. Once all the


shuttlecocks have been hit over to the partner. The roles of the partners will switch and

repeat the drill.

Volley Drill

In this drill the teacher will tell the class to get in partners. The partners will stand

about 15 yards apart and practice the volley between each other using all the different

types of clears. This drill can also be done over the net.

Clear, Smash, Drop

Is this drill the class should be divided into partners of two. The partners need to

be on opposite sides of the net. One partner will start with the shuttlecock first, that

partner will hit a clear to their partner, the partner will then try and smash the shuttle back

to the partner, and then the partner who served first will try and stop the smash and use a

drop shot on the partner.

Lead-Up Games

Wall Badminton

A wall area about twenty feet wide with a high ceiling is needed for the game.

Three to four players will attempt to keep the shuttle alive on the wall using clears, drops,

and smashes. Each player is given a number to indicate the hitting order. The only player

that can score is player number one. The player in the #1 position hits the shuttle against

the wall to start the round and rotates behind the other players to the last position in-line.


The players must hit the shuttle in consecutive order and move behind the line to the last

position. After the designated player hits the shuttle against the wall all other players

must move up in line. If the shuttle hits the floor, the player in the position on receives a

point. The player allowing the shuttle to hit the floor moves to the last position and other

players move up. The strategy is to get payers ahead of you to move back and at the

same time move forward to position one in order to score points. The player who scores

ten points first is the winner. Players must hit the shuttle within the marked area on the

wall. This should be a fast paced game where everyone is continuously moving. The

game can be modified for students with lower skill levels by not requiring students to hit

the shuttle in consecutive order.

King/Queen of the Court

In this game there need to be at least four people. There will be a queen or king

who start of on one side of the court alone. The others stand in a line. The person in the

front will be the first challenger. They will be amongst each other until one side loses. If

the queen or king wins then that person will remain king or queen but if the challenger

wins that person become the king or queen of the court. The old king or queen goes to the

back of the line on the other side of the court and the next person in line will become the

challenger.

Concise Badminton Rules

Toss

A coin toss shall be conducted before a game starts. If you win, you can choose

between serving first or to start play at either end of the court. Your opponent can then

exercise the remaining choice.


Court & Net Dimensions

Badminton is played on a rectangular court that is 44ft x 22ft (double) /44ft x 17ft

(single). The net height is 5ft 1in on the sides/ 5ft on the center of the court. In a doubles

match the full width of the court is used but in a singles match the width of the court is

17ft.

Scoring System

The rules of badminton states that a badminton match shall consist of the best of

three games. In doubles a men’s singles, the first side to score 15 points win the game. In

women’s singles, the first side to score 11 points wins the game.

If the score becomes a 14-all (10-all in women’s singles), the side that first scored

14 (10) shall exercise the choice to continue the game to 15 (11) points or to ‘set’ the


game to 17 (13) points. The side winning a game serves first in the next game. Only the

serving side can add a point to its score.

Recently, IBF have been testing a new scoring format of 21 points per game on all

Badminton competition and decided to replace the old format permanently.

Changes of ends

You have to change ends with your opponent after finishing the first game and

every odd game thereafter.

Rules of Badminton – Singles

Serving and Receiving Courts

You shall serve from, and receive in, the right service court when you or your

opponent has scored an even number of points in that game. You shall serve from, and

receive in, the left service court when you or your opponent has scored an odd number of

points in that game. You and your opponent will hit the shuttle alternately until a ‘fault’

is made or the shuttle ceases to be in play.

Scoring and Serving

Your score a point and serve again from the alternate service court when you play

your opponent make a “fault’ or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the

surface of your opponent’s side of court. No points will be scored when you make a

“fault’ or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of your side of the

court. The serving right will then be transferred to your opponent.

Rules of Badminton - Doubles

At the start of the game, and each time a side gains the right to serve, the service

shall be delivered from the right court. Only your opponent standing diagonally opposite


of you shall return the service. Should your opponent’s partner touched or hit the shuttle,

it shall be a ‘fault’ and your side scores a point.

Order of Play and Position on Court

After the service is returned, either you or your partner may hit the shuttle from

any position on your side of the net. Then either player from the opposing side may do

the same, and so on, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

Scoring and Serving

If your are serving or receiving first at the start of any game, you shall serve or

receive in the right service court when your side or your opponent’s side scored and even

number of points. You shall serve from or receive in the left service court when your side

or opponent’s side has scored an odd number of points. The reverse shall apply to your

partner.

In any game, the right to serve passes consecutively from the initial server to the

initial receiver, then to that initial’s partner, then to the opponent who is due to serve

from the right service court, then to that player’s partner, and so on. You shall not serve

out of turn, receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the same game,

except as provided in service court error and ‘lets’.

Service Court Errors

A service court error has been made when a player has served out of turn, has

served from the wrong service or standing on the wrong service court while being

prepared to receive the service and it has been delivered.

If a service court error is discovered after the next serve has been delivered, the

error shall not be corrected. If a service court error is discovered before the next service is


delivered, the following rules apply. If both sides committed an error, it shall be called a

‘let’. If one side committed the error and lost the rally, the error shall not be corrected. IF

there is a ‘let’ because of a service court error, the rally is replayed with the error

corrected. If a service court error is not to be corrected, play in that game shall proceed

without changing the player’s new service courts.

Faults

The rules of badminton consider the following as faults:

1. If the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court, passes through or under

the net, fail to pass the net, touches the ceiling or side walls, touches the person or

dress of a player or touches an other object or person.

2. If the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker’s side of the net.

(The striker may, however, follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the

course of a stroke.)

3. If a player touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress, invades an

opponent’s court over the net with racket or person except as permitted.

4. If a player invades an opponent’s court under the net with racket or person such

an opponent is obstructed or distracted or obstructs an opponent, that is prevents

an opponent from make a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net.

5. If a player deliberately distracts an opponent by an action such as shouting or

making gestures.

6. If a shuttle is caught an held on the racket and then slung during the execution of

a stroke.

7. If the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.


8. If the shuttle is hit by a player and the player’s partner successively or touches a

player’s racket and continues towards the back of that player’s court.

9. If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law of

Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties.

10. If, on service, the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top, or,

on service, after passing over the net is caught in the net.

Shuttle not in Play

A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net and remains attached there or

suspended on top. A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net or post and starts to fall

towards the surface of the court on the striker’s side of the net. A shuttle is not in play

when it hits the surface of the court or a ‘fault’ or ‘let’ has occurred.

Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties

Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except

as allowed in intervals not exceeding 90 seconds between the first and second games, and

not exceeding 5 minutes between the second and third games.

Officials and Appeals

The referee is in overall charge of the tournament. The umpire, where appointed,

is in charge of the match, the court and immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to

the referee. The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they

occur. A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed ‘in’ or ‘out’ on the line or lines

assigned. An official’s decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is

responsible.

An Umpire shall:


1. Upload and enforce the Rules of Badminton and, especially, call a ‘fault’ or ‘let’

should either occur,

2. Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point dispute, if made before the next

service is delivered.

3. Ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match.

4. Appoint or remove line judges or a service judge in consolation with the referee.

5. Where another court official is not appointed, arrange for that official’s duties to

be carried out.

6. Where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out the official’s duties or play a

‘let’.

7. Record and report to the referee all matters in relation to continuous play,

misconduct and penalties.

8. Take to the referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals

must be made before the next service is delivered, or, if at the end of the game,

before the side that appeals has left the court.)

Badminton Rules Condensed

The Basics

Badminton can be played either as a singles game or as a doubles game. All the

equipment needed by the players is a racket each and a shuttlecock.

The Court

Badminton is played on a rectangular court that is 44ft x 22ft (doubles)/ 44ft x

27ft (single). Net height: 5ft 1in on the sides and 5ft in the center of the court. In a


doubles match the full width of the court is used but in the singled match the width of the

court is 17ft.

The Game

Before the start of a match the players should toss a coin. The winner the coin toss

can either opt to serve or choose which side of the court to play on. Once they have

decided, the loser takes the discarded option.

Scoring

The rules of badminton states that badminton match shall consist of the best of

three games. In doubles and men’s singles, the first side to score 15 points wins the game.

In women’s singles, the first side to score 11 points wins the game.

Serving

To serve in badminton that server must hit the base of the shuttlecock in a single

stroke with their racket pointing downward. Neither the server nor the receiver can lift a

foot off the ground until the shuttlecock has been served. The shuttlecock has to be below

the server’s waist (defined as the lowest rib of the server) when it makes contact with

their racket.

The shuttlecock must make it past the receiver’s service line and stay within the

court boundaries; otherwise the serve is a fault, resulting in a point being awarded to

receiver and service passing to them. There are no double faults in badminton.

In a single match the player serving serves from the right if their score is an even

and from the left if their score is odd. The receiving player stands in the court box


diagonally opposite to him. The server changes side from each serve. The receiving

player cannot come forward of the service area.

In doubles the server stays the same throughout the game and follows the same

pattern. If the opposing team wins; the player on the right serves if their score is even and

the player on the left serves if their score is odd. When a team is receiving, the player

diagonally opposite the player must stay in the serving area. The other player can stand

anywhere they like on their half of the court so long as they don’t distract the server. The

same is true for the non-serving player in the serving team.

By tradition, in a mixed doubles game the serving team’s female player will make

the first serve of the match.

The Game

The shuttlecock must make it over the service line when it is served, otherwise it

is a fault and the receiving team wins both a point and the serve.

After the serve a rally can take place anywhere within the court boundaries and a

point is scored when the shuttlecock hits the ground within these boundaries. IF the

servers win the point they continue to serve. If the receivers win the point they become

the servers.

If the shuttlecock lands outside the court boundaries this is a fault and a point

goes to the receiver. Similarly if a player fails to get the shuttlecock over the net this is

also a fault. It is also classed as a fault if the shuttlecock hits the ceiling. The shuttlecock

can only be hit once in a rally. Though only these can be hit in the serve, the feathers of

the shuttlecock can be hit during the rally.

Badminton Deep Clear Serve


Criteria Sheet

Self-Check Style

Name _____________________ Period______________Date____________________

Observer: 1. Observe the performance using the criteria sheet to analyze the performance.

2. Offer feedback to the doer.

3. Record the results after each component.

4. At the completion of the task, switch roles.

Sample verbal behavior of observer: Acknowledge what was done well first, then offer

corrective feedback on errors based on criteria.

1. “Your stance was correct with your weight on your back foot.”

2. “Your racket head position was legal and below the serving hand.”

Task/Criteria

1. Grip: Hold the racket with the forehand grip perpendicular to the floor.

2. Grip: Use the “shake hand” position.

3. Grip: The fatty part of the hand should rest against the butt of the handle.

4. Grip: A “V” should be formed by the juncture of your thumb and index finger.

5. Grip: Lay the handle across the palm, parallel with the lifeline.

6. Grip: Grip the handle with the middle, ring, and the little finger spread slightly.

7. Grip: The thumb wraps around the handle on the left flat side.

8. Grip: The index finger should be separated from the other three fingers with end

of finger curled under handle.

Task/Criteria Acceptable Not Acceptable

1. ___________________________________________________


2. ___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________

6. ___________________________________________________

7. ___________________________________________________

8. ___________________________________________________

Task/Criteria

9. Stance: Stand apart with opposite side turned diagonally to opponent’s service

court.

10. Stance: Stagger your stance with dominate foot behind the non-dominate shoulder

width apart.

11. Stance: Weight should be on back foot, standing tall with knees slightly bent.

12. Stance: hold on shuttle with your fingers and thumb around the feathers and cork.

13. Stance: The shuttle arm is heald parallel to the floor across the body towards the

racket shoulder.

14. Stance: The shuttle release is made by holding it out and away from the body

approximately shoulders height and allowing to drop without any tumbling of the

shuttle.

15. Backswing: The racket head is brought back and behind the striking shoulder.

16. Backswing: The racket head should be held higher than the racket hand.

17. Backswing: Wrist is cocked and elbow of striking arm is close to body.



9. __________________________________________________

10. __________________________________________________

11. __________________________________________________

12. __________________________________________________

13. __________________________________________________

14. __________________________________________________

15. __________________________________________________

16. __________________________________________________

17. __________________________________________________

Task/Criteria

18. Forward swing: Weight shifts forward to the front foot as the racket is pulled

down and through the shuttle.

19. Forward swing: Relax and try to generate maximum racket head speed by

extension of the elbow and accelerating the racket through the shuttle.

20. Forward swing: Hips and shoulders should rotate in the direction of the shuttle

flight as the racket accelerates.

21. Contact: the wrist should snap and the forearm should rotate at point of contact.

22. Contact: the shuttle should be contacted knee high or below.


18. ____________________________________________________

19. ___________________________________________________


20. ___________________________________________________

21. ___________________________________________________

22. ___________________________________________________

Task/Criteria

23. Follow-through: The racket arm will finish across the body with the racket head

high.

24. Follow-through: The shuttle should fly up high and long, landing in the service

box.


23. ___________________________________________________

24. ___________________________________________________

Task/Criteria

25. Entire sequence of badminton deep clear serve components.


25. ___________________________________________________


References

Badminton Rules FAQ and Court Dimensions | Badminton Doubles. (n.d.). Retrieved

from http://www.badmintondoubles.com/badminton-rules/

Beginner's guide: 10 Rules of Badminton. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.badminton-

information.com/badminton_net_play.html

forehand vs backhand serve? (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.badmintoncentral.com/forums/showthread.php/117900-forehand-vs-

backhand-serve

NASISPhysEd - BADMINTON_SKILLS_KEY_POINTS. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://theonlinepetextbook.wikispaces.com/BADMINTON_SKILLS_KEY_POI

NTS

Badminton World Federation. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14887

Langford, Dr. George, Ed.D. Professor, Undergraduate and Graduate Health and Physical

Education (November 2013).

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