NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

UNIT 2: Islam

2 markers on the exam.

Akhirah-The Muslim term for the belief in the final Judgement and life after death.

Al-Qadr- The Muslim term for 'predestination' which means Muslims believe God has set out the destiny of all things.

Burkha- A long, loose-fitting garment which covers the whole body from head to feet. It is worn in public by some women, and is compulsory for women in some Islamic countries.

Hijab- Often used to describe the headscarf, veil or modest dress worn by many Muslim women, who are required to cover everything except face and hands in the sight of anyone other than immediate family.

Id-ul-Fitr/Eid-Ul-Fitr- Celebration of breaking the fast on the day after Ramadan ends.

Isa - Isa is the 24th and penultimate prophet of Islam. In Christianity he is known as Jesus. Muslims believe Isa to be a messenger of God, and in no way divine. Isa is believed to have had a miraculous, fatherless birth. He was a healer of the sick and foretold the coming of the final prophet, Muhammad.

Lesser jihad- The word jihad means 'to strive. Lesser jihad is a physical struggle or 'holy war'in defence of Islam.

Mecca/Makkah- Islam's holiest city, located in Saudi Arabia. Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the place where Islam originated. Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba, Islam's most sacred shrine, and is the destination of the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Muslims pray and worship facing towards Mecca, wherever they may be in the world.

Mosque- ‘Masjid' in Arabic, a place of prostration' for Muslims; it is a communal place of worship for a Muslim community.

Muhammad- The final prophet of Islam, to whom the Qur'an was revealed.

Prophet- A messenger of Allah. The Qur'an says there are 25 prophets in Islam, beginning with Adam and ending with the Prophet Muhammad.

Ummah- Means 'community' and refers to the worldwide community of Muslims who share a common religious identity.

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

Prophethood (Risalah – Qur’an 2: 136)

Prophets (rusul) are human beings chosen by God to receive his message on behalf of humankind; this channel of communication is called risalah. Their wisdom does not come from within themselves, it comes from God, as the Qur'an makes clear:

And it was not for a messenger to come with a sign except by permission of God. For every term is a decree. (Qur'an 13.38)

The Qur'an teaches that every age has been given its own prophet, bringing God’s message to the people (in the form of a book) (Qur'an 6.48)

And We send not the messengers except as bringers of good tidings and warmers. (Qur’an 6. 48)

The teachings given by the Prophet Muhammad are essentially the same as the messages that have been preached by all the prophets back to Adam: the need to worship the one, true God, who will be the judge of all.

What is prophethood?

Prophets (rusul) are humans chosen by God to receive his message on behalf of humankind.This channel of communication is called 'risalah’.The wisdom of the prophets does not come from themselves but from God.

The Qur'an teaches that every age has been given its own prophet, bringing God's message to the people.

Muhammad was the last prophet and is the Seal of the Prophets. Through him the will of God has been revealed fully and precisely.

Why are the prophets important in Islam?

God sent many prophets throughout history to guide his people. [Qur'an 2:136 refers to 'what has been revealed to lbrahim (Abraham) and Ishma'il Islam? (Ishmael]) and Ishaq (Isaac] and Yaqub (Jacobl and the Descendants and what was given to the prophets from their Lord'.]

Prophets are human beings chosen to carry God's message.

Twenty-five of the prophets are mentioned by name in the Qur'an. These are found in the Jewish and Christian scriptures (e.g. Ibrahim [Abraham], Musa [Moses], Dawud [David] and Isa [Jesus]].

Muslims believe that over time the message from these prophets became lost or corrupted, so there was need for a final revelation.

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets, was given the revelation of the Qur'an - God's final and absolute word.

Muslims believe prophets are sent by GodMuslims have an important role in the revelation of God; they showpeople what God expects of themMuslims believe they should follow the example of the prophets in termsof their faith in God and their teachings and actionsMost Muslims believe Muhammad was the Seal of the Prophets becauseMuhammad was the last in a long line of prophets and that there willnever be another prophet after himMost Muslims honour and respect Muhammed especially because withouthim there would be no Qur'an or HadithMuslims believe Adam was the first human and first prophetMuslims believe the Ka'aba (Islam's holiest site) was built by Adam, thesacred stone was placed there by Ibrahim and Muhammad re-dedicated itto the worship of one GodIbrahim and Isa are important because they gave the world Judaism andChristianity and Jews and Christians are considered 'people of the book'Most Muslims will use the words 'Peace Be Upon Him' after they havesaid or written the name of a prophet because they are considered soimportant

Exam Questions

Describe risalah in Islam [5]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain what is meant by prophethood. [8]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Islamic teachings on Adam, the first prophet.

Adam

Formed by God from a handful of soil, Eve (Hawwal) was created from his rib. They lived together in paradise but disobeyed God and were banished from

paradise. Adam confessed his sin and was forgiven, becoming the first prophet. The father of the human race Adam was created as Gods Khalifah (his representative on earth) He was the first human and so all human knowledge as its origins with Adam. Adam built the first Ka’bah.

Ibrahim (Abraham) Born into a polytheistic family - but believed in only one God. This is why he is seen

as the greatest of the early prophets. Father of two sons: Ishaq (Isaac] through Sarah and Ishma'il (Ishmael] through Hajar

(Hagar) Built a knew Ka’bah. Many Muslims follow the example of Ibrahim in how faithful he was to God.

God told Ibrahim to sacrifice Ishmael, the devil tried to tempt Ibrahim to not sacrifice his son. Ibrahim drove the evil one away by throwing stones at him.

There is a tradition that God revealed a holy book to Ibrahim, known as the Scrolls of Ibrahim.

Ishmael

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The second son of Ibrahim (Abraham) through Hajar Hagar) Showed exemplary faith in his father and in God - was willing to give up his life. This event is commemorated in the festival of ld-ul-Adha.

Why are Ibrahim and Ishmael important?

Muslims are encouraged to have complete faith in God, as Ibrahim and Ishmael did, life is full of tests and challenges. Maintaining faith in God will bring about untold reward.

Isa (Jesus)

With Maryam (Mary), his mother, Isa appears prominently in the Qur'an, where it says in Qur'an 2:87 that God gave lsa clear proofs and supported him with the Pure Spirit'.

Given the Injil Gospel) and performed many miracles.

He did not die on the cross but was taken up to heaven, as God would not allow evil men to triumph over his prophet.

Isa was not God or the Son of God - only a prophet.He will return in the second coming when God judges the world.

He had a miraculous fatherless birth and foretold the coming of the prophetIslamic teachings on Muhammad: the seal of the Prophets.

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

Muhammad: the seal of the prophets.

Muslims believe that, throughout history, God has communicated to humans through revelations and the last and greatest of these revelations was given to Prophet Muhammad. He is a role model for Muslims because of the moral and spiritual way he lived his life. Muhammad did not come from a rich family and it is likely that he could not read or write. He was not a learned man or a scholar, but he was very devout. He would take himself off for days to meditate in a cave in the desert, seeking God. Muslims believe that Good chose Muhammad as a prophet because he was a humble, honest man: a man who could be trusted with a special message.

Unlike Jesus, Muhammad performed no miracles; he was born, lived and died an ordinary man. Muslims say he was neither an angel nor a son of God, but simply the perfect example of a human being. However, he is not represented in pictures or statues so that there is no temptation to worship him (shirk - see Unit 1), and this also applies to the other prophets. Muslims call him the Seal of the Prophets because he was the final messenger. Just as a seal is put on a letter or container to show it is complete and unopened so Muhammad communicated God's final, perfect message (the Qur'an) to humankind. This was the greatest miracle of all time. Islam teaches that there were other prophets before Muhammad but none would come after him:

Muhammad is not but a messenger. Messengers have passed on before him. Ouran. 3 144

Muhammad is the Seal of the Prophets, because when you put a seal on something you close it up. It is the final act, showing that nothing more can be added.

Muslims regard Prophet Muhammad as the greatest of all men: The Seal of the Prophets, the servant and messenger of God.

The Seal of the Prophets.Muhammad is the last of the long list of prophets.

The will of Allah has been revealed fully and precisely.

There can be no more or any new prophets - Muhammad is the one who ended the series of prophets from God.

This is why he is known as the Seal of the Prophets.

S eal: ‘to seal’ means to complete something

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E nded the series of prophets from God A llah has been revealed fully and precisely L ast and final prophet

Exam Questions

Describe Muslim beliefs about Isa (Jesus) [5]

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Describe the importance of Adam in Islam [5]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Explain why prophets are important in Islam [8]

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MODEL ANSWER:

Muslims believe that prophets are human beings chosen by God to receive His message on behalf of humankind; this channel of communication is called risalah. To Muslims, the

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

wisdom of the prophets does not come from within themselves – it comes from God, for this is what is says in the Qur’an.

The prophets are also important to Muslims as they believe they should follow the example of the prophets in terms of their faith in God and in their teachings and actions. They believe that Adam was the first human and the first prophet, and that he built the Ka’aba. Ibrahim is also an important prophet, and it was he who placed the sacred stone at the Ka’aba. And it was Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets, who re-dedicated the Ka’aba to the worship of one God.

Muhammad was not only the last in a long line of prophets, but without him there would be no Qur’an or Hadith. Ibrahim and Isa (Jesus) are also important as they gave the world Judaism and Christianity. Jews and Christians are considered by Muslims to be ‘People of the Book’. As a symbol of their respect and honour, most Muslims will use the words ‘Peace Be Upon Him’ after they have said or written the name of a prophet because they are considered so important.

Explain why Muhammed is seen as an important prophet. [8]

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‘Adam is the most important prophet’ [15]Discuss this statement showing that you have considered more thanone point of view. (You must refer to religion and belief in your answer).

Plan

15 markers are a statement and you need to discuss it. (Arguments for and against)

STEP 1

Read over Adam again, why is Adam important? THESE ARE THE ARGUMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE STATEMENT!ANSWER = Adam was the first human created and Eve was created from his rib, this shows his importance. - father of the human race/ became the first prophet all knowledge is said to come from him./built the first Ka’bah (shrine in Mecca)

Step 2 (counter arguments – arguments against the statement)What other prophets are there? ANSWER = Ibrahim/ Ishmael/ Isa/ Muhammad

You need to write: Why is Ibrahim important? Why is Ishmael important? Why is Isa important?

The one you need to focus on is Muhammed – why is Muhammed the most important prophet?Read over his life, what he did, what he taught etc!

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Some people would agree with this statement because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Some people may disagree with this statement because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Muslims would agree with this statement because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Muslims would disagree with this statement because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Knowledge check list

1. What is prophethood?

2. Name the prophets in Islam.

3. Name me 3 Muslim beliefs about Adam.

4. Name me 3 Muslim beliefs about Ibrahim and Ishmael.

5. Name 3 Muslim beliefs about Isa.

6. What is Isa?

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019

1. Name 4 key events in Muhammad’s life.

2. 2 reasons why Muhammed is important.

3. 3 reasons why prophets are important.

4. Name me 2 Qur’an verses that you will remember about prophethood.

Knowledge check list

1. What is prophethood?

2. Name the prophets in Islam.

3. Name me 3 Muslim beliefs about Adam.

4. Name me 3 Muslim beliefs about Ibrahim and Ishmael.

5. Name 3 Muslim beliefs about Isa.

6. What is Isa?

NAME: DATE: 06/02/2019