Violent JihadViolent JihadNot Islamic JihadNot Islamic Jihad

““Blowback” or “Clash of Blowback” or “Clash of Civilizations”?Civilizations”?

What are the causes of Radical What are the causes of Radical Terror? (In the name of Islam)Terror? (In the name of Islam)

Since September Since September 1111thth 2001, there 2001, there have been 107 have been 107 incidents of Islamic incidents of Islamic terrorism terrorism worldwide claiming worldwide claiming 2000 more victims2000 more victims

Why Jihad?Why Jihad? Poverty and lack of Poverty and lack of

opportunity in the opportunity in the Muslim WorldMuslim World

The Presence of The Presence of foreign troops in the foreign troops in the Middle East, in Middle East, in particular the Holy particular the Holy citiescities

The intractable Israeli-The intractable Israeli-Palestinian disputePalestinian dispute

U.S. Foreign Policy U.S. Foreign Policy towards Islamic statestowards Islamic states

““Blowback”Blowback” Clash of civilizationsClash of civilizations

How can we fight terrorism?How can we fight terrorism?

Intellgence & Intellgence & Military operationsMilitary operations

Eradicate PovertyEradicate Poverty Peace in PalestinePeace in Palestine Prevention of Prevention of

continued continued recruitment of recruitment of JihadistsJihadists

Clash of CivilizationsClash of Civilizations

Samuel P. Samuel P. Huntington “Clash Huntington “Clash of Civilizations” of Civilizations” Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs 19931993

The Book appeared The Book appeared in 1998in 1998

The History of Warfare since 1648The History of Warfare since 1648

The wars between The wars between princes and princes and monarchsmonarchs

Wars between Wars between nations and nations and peoplespeoples

Conflicts of Conflicts of ideologies & the ideologies & the Cold WarCold War

Huntington’s CivilizationsHuntington’s Civilizations

Why Civilizations Will ClashWhy Civilizations Will Clash

Divisions are basic Divisions are basic & Real& Real

The World is The World is becoming smallerbecoming smaller

Globalization Globalization separates people separates people from local from local identitiesidentities

Why Civilizations Will ClashWhy Civilizations Will Clash

The current global The current global power of western power of western civilizationcivilization

Cultural differences Cultural differences are less mutableare less mutable

Economic Economic regionalism is regionalism is growinggrowing

The West Versus IslamThe West Versus Islam

US support for US support for IsraelIsrael

Desert Shield - Desert Shield - Desert StormDesert Storm

Initial failure to Initial failure to protect Bosniaprotect Bosnia

Russian destruction Russian destruction of Chechnyaof Chechnya

The West Versus IslamThe West Versus Islam

Iranian Nuclear Iranian Nuclear ambitionsambitions

Iraq War IIIraq War II Pope Benedict’s Pope Benedict’s

commentscomments The Cartoon FurorThe Cartoon Furor Ethiopia/SomaliaEthiopia/Somalia The recent London The recent London

car bombingscar bombings

What is Jihad?What is Jihad? Three FormsThree Forms

• SelfSelf• Within the UlamaWithin the Ulama• Enemies of IslamEnemies of Islam

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad

600 The Sunni-Shia Split600 The Sunni-Shia Split 1300 Ibn Tamiyyah justifies revolt 1300 Ibn Tamiyyah justifies revolt

against Ottoman rulersagainst Ottoman rulers 1700 Muhammed ibn Abd al-Wahab 1700 Muhammed ibn Abd al-Wahab

condemns Shiites, founds Wahabismcondemns Shiites, founds Wahabism 1916 British and French division of 1916 British and French division of

the Ottoman Empirethe Ottoman Empire 1928 Egyptian activist found “Muslim 1928 Egyptian activist found “Muslim

brotherhood”brotherhood”

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad

1948 Founding of Israel approved by 1948 Founding of Israel approved by UNUN

1952 Col. Nasser coup in Egypt1952 Col. Nasser coup in Egypt 1966 Nasser executes Sayyid Qutb 1966 Nasser executes Sayyid Qutb

and outlaws Muslim Brotherhoodand outlaws Muslim Brotherhood 1967 Israel crushes Arab armies in 1967 Israel crushes Arab armies in

the Six-Day Warthe Six-Day War 1973 Arab Oil embargo finances 1973 Arab Oil embargo finances

Islamic missionary campaignIslamic missionary campaign

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad

1979 Islamic Revolution replaces Shah in 1979 Islamic Revolution replaces Shah in Iran with Ayatollah KhomeiniIran with Ayatollah Khomeini

1979 Jihad begins against Soviet occupied 1979 Jihad begins against Soviet occupied Afghanistan financed by USAfghanistan financed by US

1981 Jihadist soldiers assassinate Egyptian 1981 Jihadist soldiers assassinate Egyptian President Anwar Sadat for 1979 peace President Anwar Sadat for 1979 peace treaty with Israeltreaty with Israel

1985 exiled Saudi construction millionaire 1985 exiled Saudi construction millionaire Osama bin Laden lay groundwork for al Osama bin Laden lay groundwork for al Qaeda in AfghanistanQaeda in Afghanistan

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad

1993 11993 1stst World Trade Center Bombing World Trade Center Bombing by Ramsi Yousefby Ramsi Yousef

1998 Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri issue 1998 Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri issue fatwafatwa calling on followers to kill calling on followers to kill AmericansAmericans

1998 Al Qaeda bombing of 1998 Al Qaeda bombing of embassies in Tanzania and Kenyaembassies in Tanzania and Kenya

2000 Al Qaeda bombing of USS Cole 2000 Al Qaeda bombing of USS Cole in Yemenin Yemen

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad 2001 9/11 kills nearly 3000 in New York, at 2001 9/11 kills nearly 3000 in New York, at

the Pentagon, and in rural Pennsylvaniathe Pentagon, and in rural Pennsylvania 2002 Car bombs linked to Jemaah Islamiya 2002 Car bombs linked to Jemaah Islamiya

kill 202 in Balikill 202 in Bali 2003 Khalid Sheik Mohammed, mastermind 2003 Khalid Sheik Mohammed, mastermind

of 9/11 arrested in Pakistanof 9/11 arrested in Pakistan 2004 Madrid train bombings kill 1912004 Madrid train bombings kill 191 2005 London bombs kill 52 commuters2005 London bombs kill 52 commuters 2006 al-Zarqawi killed in Iraq2006 al-Zarqawi killed in Iraq 2006 Mumbai Train bombings, 7 bombs kill 2006 Mumbai Train bombings, 7 bombs kill

209209

The Rise of JihadThe Rise of Jihad 2007 Qahtaniya bombings kill 800 member of 2007 Qahtaniya bombings kill 800 member of

Iraq’s Yazidi sectIraq’s Yazidi sect 2008 Ahmedabad bombings in India, 21 bombs 2008 Ahmedabad bombings in India, 21 bombs

kill 56kill 56 2008 Mumbai coordinated attacks kill 174 at 2008 Mumbai coordinated attacks kill 174 at

hotel, synagogue and train station attackshotel, synagogue and train station attacks 2009 Two suicide vehicles kill 155 in and around 2009 Two suicide vehicles kill 155 in and around

Green Zone in Baghdad.Green Zone in Baghdad. 2009 Jordanian double agent kills 9 at Camp 2009 Jordanian double agent kills 9 at Camp

Chapman in Afghanistan including 7 CIA agenstChapman in Afghanistan including 7 CIA agenst

What Can/Did We Do?What Can/Did We Do?

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security Patriot ActPatriot Act Airport SecurityAirport Security Invade IraqInvade Iraq Invade AfghanistanInvade Afghanistan Intelligence SharingIntelligence Sharing

Obama got OsamaObama got OsamaThe GWOT is overThe GWOT is over

SEAL Team Six attack in Abbottabad SEAL Team Six attack in Abbottabad May 2May 2ndnd 2011 killed Osama bin Laden 2011 killed Osama bin Laden

Withdrawal from Iraq December 2011Withdrawal from Iraq December 2011 Taliban don’t have international Taliban don’t have international

agendaagenda Arab Spring Arab Spring Osama demonstrated the “divine Osama demonstrated the “divine

mandate” of mandate” of Jihad: Jihad: morale will suffermorale will suffer

Obama got OsamaObama got OsamaThe GWOT is not overThe GWOT is not over

The threat remains viable -Ayman al The threat remains viable -Ayman al ZawahiriZawahiri

Al Qaeda still operates openly in Al Qaeda still operates openly in FATA/Waziristan region of PakistanFATA/Waziristan region of Pakistan

Osama’s leadership was only symbolicOsama’s leadership was only symbolic Haqqani network is more dangerous to Haqqani network is more dangerous to

the US than Osamathe US than Osama LeT, Jem, JaI provide similar threatLeT, Jem, JaI provide similar threat

ISIS/ ISIL/ IS/ ISIS/ ISIL/ IS/ DaeshDaesh