Historical Backdrop Moving into the mid to late 1800s the powerful and mechanized European nations

needed to accomplish to things to continue the wealth and power created by the Industrial Revolution: Expand their markets and find new sources of raw materials.

As most of the former European colonies in the Americas had gone through independence movements, new _____________________________ (people to sell products to) and sources of _____________________________________ (coal, iron, rubber, cash crops, etc.) would now have to come from elsewhere.

New ________________________________________ would enable the powerful nations of European to engage in a new wave of colonization. This time the targets of conquest would be the continents of ________________________________.

As Industrialization spread so too did the need for resources and markets, and soon Europe would be joined by the ________________________________ and ________________________ in the new era of resource driven conquest.

Industrial nations were also driven by a new sense of ________________________________ (national pride and patriotism) that pitted each other in a competition to build Empires.

Types of Imperialism ____________________________ (empire building) is the direct or indirect control of one society over another. This

control or influence extends over the ________________________ (government), ______________________________ (all aspects of culture including languages, religions, food, fashion, etc., etc.) and _________________________________ (anything concerned with how money is generated and spent, including trade, consumer markets, etc.) aspects of life.

There are three types of imperialism based on the level of control placed on one society by another: Colony, Protectorate, and Sphere of Influence.

Colonies, Protectorate, and Spheres… A _______________________________ is the most direct level of control and is when foreign power replaces another

society’s government with their own. Settlement in the new land and replacing their culture is also typical. A _______________________________is a less direct level of control. The government of a foreign nation remains largely

in place, but it is understood that they are under the direction of the imperial power. Usually the relationship is more positive.

A _______________________________________is when a weaker foreign power is forced into giving the stronger nation exclusive trade privileges and other economic and political rights. Usually this is done with direct or indirect threat.

Imperialism changes the society that it exerts influence and control over. The effects of Imperialism are easy to see in the world today - ____________________or more of the global came under the control or influence of just a handful of powerful industrial nations.

Imperialism in Africa The “Scramble for Africa” began after ____________________________

established colonial control over part of central Africa called the ___________________________.

This became an important source of raw materials important for industrialization, including rubber.

Other European powers began to increase their claims over African territories to compete with Belgium and each other, which increased tensions.

The “New Imperialism” – Late 1800s to the Early 1900s

In 1884, to divide the African resources and avoid warfare over them, Europeans held the _______________________________________ to set rules of colonization and draw new borders, all without regard for Africans themselves.

Within __________________________________ of the Berlin Conference, nearly all of Africa was firmly under European control – only _________________________________ (modern military) and ___________________________ (protected by the U.S.) remained independent.

Eight European nations divided the continent: Great Britain, France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Germany, and Italy.

New _______________________________________ were drawn for resources, trade ports, consumer markets, etc. – no care was given to avoid dividing traditional kingdoms, African states, ethnic groups, etc., or to any benefit of Africans.

Africans resisted but the newly ________________________________________ of Europe won, allowing for the establishment of cash crops, mining operations, as well as Europeanizing traditional African societies.

Imperialism in Asia Imperialism in

_____________________________ was a greater mixture of direct (colonies) and indirect (spheres of influence and protectorates) control than in Africa.

In addition to the newly advanced militaries of the Western World, the decline of the Mughal Dynasty in India and the Qing Dynasty in China opened opportunities for -

_____________________________________ (Europe and the U.S.) to establish varying levels of control in these societies. While natural resources were of interest, the more developed __________________________________________ of Asia

presented valuable opportunities to sell Western industrial goods. ___________________________ would also join these efforts after

it went through a process of ____________________ _________________________to compete with and ward off Western powers.

Imperialism in India India had been under levels of European influence and control since

the 1600s with government sponsored trading companies called “East India” companies.

The ____________________________________________ gained control of large parts of India by the mid-1800s and had been extracting wealth out of India through trade and cash crops (spices, cotton, opium).

Eventually control went directly to the British government after several rebellions against the company were disastrous.

India became so important to the British Empire that it became known as the -___________________________________________ and was ruled directly as a colony.

Although many modernizations were brought to India, resistance to colonial rule would build in ________________________________________ movements.

India would not achieve independence until after WWII, in 1947.

Imperialism in China Imperialism in China began in the 1830s with the British importing large

quantities of __________________________ into trade ports to offset the costs of ______________________________________.

This caused economic problems as silver flowed to the British and large numbers of people became addicted to the drug.

The Chinese and British engaged in two wars ______________________________________in the mid-1800s, in which the Chinese were soundly defeated.

With victory the British received exclusive trade rights and control of __________________________________ (important trade port), which set an example that other Western nations followed.

Soon other European nations including Russia, as well as Japan, carved out their own _____________________________________ in China.

In addition, the _________________________ forced an Open-Door policy in China to gain access to Chinese markets.

By 1900 foreign resentment erupted into the __________________________________________ that attempted to expel all foreigners from China.

An ___________________________________________, including the U.S., Britain, France, Russia, and Japan would put the rebellion down, leaving foreign influences in China until after WWII.