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Monarchs of Europe Packet5.3.4 Russia through the 18th Century5.3.5 Europe through the 18th Century

Overview & Basic ConceptsKey Concepts/Definitions: • Absolute monarch: Unlimited power in the hands of the King and his advisors. The ruler’s power

was not limited by having to consult with nobles, common people, or their representatives. • Divine Right: The political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from god and are

responsible only to God for their actions. This allowed monarchs to go unchallenged by their subjects.

• Balance of Power: Each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal to rival nations.

• Dynasty: This is a family that governs a country based on the idea of divine right passed down from one generation to the next.

Enduring Understandings: Need to understand to perform on the assessment!

1. The Age of Absolutism takes its name from a series of European monarchs who increased the power of their central governments.

2. The concept of Divine Right played a large role in the ability of monarchs to claim such large amounts of power.

Guiding Questions: Need to complete to perform on the assessment!

1. List the absolute monarchs in Europe?

2. What effect did the absolute monarchs have on their countries?

3. Name at least 5 qualities that are important for a monarch to possess and tell why.

4. Which country of the five emerging powers (countries) will have the strongest ruler and why? 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Five Powers That Emerge to Dominate Europe after the Age of Exploration Map

Label and shade the following countries and cities

• Countries: England, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia

• Cities: London, Paris, Vienna and Moscow

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Divine Right Primary Source

The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods… Kings justly gods, for they exercise a… divine power upon earth… God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake at His pleasure, to give life or sent death to judge and to be judged nor accountable to none, to raise low things and to make high things low at His pleasure… And the like power of kings…

-King James IV/I of Britain, 1609

• Author of the Document:

• Subject of the Document:

• Purpose for Writing the Document:

• Audience for the Document:

• Historical Context:

• Main Points Made in the Document:

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Word Scramble

1. How did these countries come to Dominate Europe?

Unscramble the words to find the four key concepts that led to the emergence of absolute powers.

1. USOBALET YMNRCOAH ____________________________________

Unlimited power in the hands of the King and his advisors. The ruler’s power was not limited by having to consult with nobles, common people, or their representatives.

2. EIIVND TRHIG ______________________________

The political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from god and are responsible only to God or their actions. This allowed monarchs to go unchallenged by their subjects.

3. EBAALNC FO RWEPO _______________________

Each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal to rival nations.

4. YDNYAST ___________________________

This is a family that governs a country based on the idea of divine right passed down from one generation to the next.

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Absolute Monarchy in France


1. How would Louis XIV gain absolute power in France?

2. Explain why Louis XIV is considered an absolute monarch?

3. What role did Cardinal Richelieu play in giving the monarch more power in France?

4. What statement did Louis XIV make with the building of Versailles?

5. Explain the economic and political effect that the Palace of Versailles had on France.

Economic:

Political:

6. What significance does the “Sun King” represent about Louis XIV?

7. Who were the Huguenots?

8. Why would Catholic Cardinal Richelieu support the Protestants during the Thirty Years War?

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9. The Treaty of Westphalia accomplished two things, first was it ended the Thirty Years War. What was the second accomplishment?

10. What was the Treaty of Utrecht?

The Sun King Questions

THE GREEKS BELIEVED APOLLO PULLED THE SUN ACROSS THE SKY FROM EAST TO WEST IN HIS GOLDEN CHARIOT EVERY DAY, BRINGING LIGHT TO EARTH.

1. Why might Louis XIV adopt the persona of the “Sun King”?

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2. How is the myth of Apollo similar to the life of Louis XIV?

II. A Day in the Life of Louis XIV

3. What is the name of Louis XIV’s Palace?

4. What was the Edict of Nantes?

5. What did Louis XIV do the Edict?

III. Build your own Versailles

(This will be counted in the Project category)• Look at Louis’ floor plan for the Palace of Versailles • How would you design your ideal palace? What would the floor plan be like? How many rooms

would you have? What activity rooms would you have? How would you decorate your palace? Come up with a design on a separate sheet of paper, to be turned it. You have unlimited money to spend since you are an absolute monarchy.

• Be creative!! Use magazine clippings, internet pictures, etc.

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Absolute Monarchy in Russia


1. Absolute Monarchs gained power and influence during the Age of Absolutism through the concept of divine right.




1. What alphabet was used to communicate in Russia and why would this make communication to the rest of Europe difficult?

2. Why was St. Petersburg an important City to Peter the Great?

3. How was Russian different from the other powers in the Age of Absolutism?

4. Why would Peter the Great use a version of the feudal system to govern his territory?

5. Why was Russia considered to be Land Locked before Peter the Great ruled the country?

6. Discuss the importance of the warm water port to Russia?

7. Give ways Peter the Great westernized Russia.

1.

2.

3.

4.

8. Why would Peter the Great Use the Sun Kings idea and have the nobility stay in the capital?

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9. What bordering country of Russia would disappear from the map until 1919?

10. Under the Third Partition what sea would Russia gain?

11. What changes were made to marriage in Russia that was different from all of Europe under Peter and Catherine the Great?

12. Compare Russia’s overland expansion to the expansion of America.

13. What accomplishments did Ivan, Peter, and Catherine complete?

Absolute Leader

Tsar/Czar Years of Reign

Dynasty Dynasty Fun Fact-Reason for Great/Terrible

Ivan the

Peter The

Catherine the ___________

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Absolute Monarchies in Central Europe





Guiding Questions: Need to Complete to perform on the assessment!

1. What were the causes of the Thirty Years War?

2. What was the main religion of the Holy Roman Empire?

3. Explain some of the problems that the Hapsburg Empire faced concerning size and language.

4. What contributions did Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great make?

5. How did the balance of power in Europe change with Austria and Prussia?

6. What affect did the Peace of Westphalia have on Germany? Who won and lost?

7. Where was the Seven Years War fought?

8. What name would be given to the Seven Years War in North America?

9. Explain Fredrick the Great of Prussia’s legacy.

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Absolute Monarchy in England





4. Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed. The foundations of English freedoms included the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law. The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen.

Guiding Questions: Need to Complete to perform on the assessment!

1. What ruling family took over in England in the late 1400’s?

2. Why would Henry VIII establish the Anglican Church?

3. How did the role of Parliament change as the role of the monarch changed in England?

4. After Henry VIII’s death who took over and how would their marriage to Phillip II of Spain affect England?

5. Why was Mary I given the name “Bloody Mary”?

6. Who would take over to rule England after Mary I’s death and how would this affect England?

7. Why would Mary Queen of Scots work with Phillip II to try to assassinate Elizabeth I?

8. Explain the Elizabeth I triumph over Phillip II’s Spanish Armada.

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9. Define Puritan:

10. What penalties would Puritans face if they did not attend the Anglican Church?

11. Define Gentry:

12. Define Burgesses:

13. How were the results of the absolute power in England different from other powers?

14. After Elizabeth I’s death, who would take over England and what was their family name?

15. Explain some of King James I struggles as king of England:

Elizabeth I First hand document 1583 over religion

In 1583, Elizabeth addressed Parliament and took time to discuss religion. There were still "Romish" factions, but also many upstart Protestant sects, like Puritans, Baptists etc. (In here, as in many of her statements, she uses the words "Prince", "King", and "Queen" interchangeably).

One matter touches me so near as I may not overskip [she told them]; religion is the ground on which all other matters ought to take root, and being corrupted may mar all the tree; and that there be some fault finders with the order of the clergy, which so may make a slander to myself and the Church whose overruler God hath made me, whose negligence cannot be excused if any schisms or errors heretical were suffered.

Thus much I must say that some faults and negligence may grow and be, as in all other great charges it happeneth; and what vocation without? All which if you, my Lords of the clergy, do not amend, I mean to depose you. Look ye therefore well to your charges.

I am supposed to have many studies [she reminded them) but most philosophical. I must yield this to be true, that I suppose few that be no professors have read more. And I need not tell you that I am so simple that I understand not, nor so forgetful that I remember not. And yet amidst so many volumes I hope God's book hath not been my seldomest lectures; in which we find that which by reason, for my part, we ought to believe--that seeing so great wickedness and griefs in the world in which we live but as wayfaring pilgrims, we must suppose that God would never have made us but for a better place and of more comfort than we find here. I know no creature

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that breatheth whose life standeth hourly in more peril for it than mine own; who entered not into my state without sight of manifold dangers of life and crown, as one that had the mightiest and the greatest to wrestle with. Then it followeth that I regarded it so much as I left myself behind my care. And so you see that you wrong me too much if any such there be as doubt my coldness in that behalf. For if I were not persuaded that mine were the true way of God's will, God forbid I should live to prescribe it to you. Take you heed lest Ecclesiastes say not too true; they that fear the hoary frost the snow shall fall upon them.

I see many overbold with God Almighty making too many subtle scannings of His blessed will, as lawyers do with human testaments. The presumption is so great, as I may not suffer it. Yet mind I not hereby to animate Romanists (which what adversaries they be to mine estate is sufficiently well known) nor tolerate newfangledness. I mean to guide them both by God's holy true rule. In both parts be perils. And of the latter I must pronounce them dangerous to a kingly rule: to have every man according to his own censure, to make a doom of a validity and privity of his Prince's government with a common veil and cover of God's word, whose followers must not be judged, but by private men's exposition. God defend you from such a ruler that so evil will guide you. Now I conclude that your love and care neither is nor shall be bestowed upon a careless Prince, but such as for your good will passeth as little for this world as who careth least. With thanks for your free subsidy, a manifest show of the abundance of your good wills, the which I assure you, but to be employed to your weal, I could be better pleased to return than receive.

1. What was Queen Elizabeth I’s view on religion?

2. How do you think religion affects governments?

3. Do you think that religion should play a role in the government?

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Absolute Monarchy in Spain






1. What factors led to the decline of the Spanish Empire?

2. Who were the rulers of Spain and what ruling qualities did they possess?

3. How did the destruction of the Spanish Armada help contribute to the falling power of Spain?

Absolute Monarchy Overview





1. Is an absolute monarch a good or bad idea in your opinon?

2. Could there be many successful absolute monarchs at one time?

3. Which countries benefitted from having an absolute monarch?

4. Which countries were hurt because of the actions of their absolute monarch?

5. Who was the greatest absolute monarch that we have studied?

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Age of Absolutism Unit Project

(60 points, Projects due ___________________)

Directions: You will be completing 1 brochure/ booklet that will visually illustrate 1 of the absolute monarchs listed below. You must present one of the following as the “Absolutist Monarch” of them all:

• Phillip II of Spain • Henry VIII of England • Mary I of England • Elizabeth I of England • Henry IV of France • Louis XIV of France

• Frederick the Great of Prussia • Ivan the Terrible of Russia • Peter the Great of Russia • Catherine the Great of Russia • Maria Theresa of Austria

Part One: 5 points

• Picture of the monarch (color is best) • This should be an accurate depiction of the monarch; NOT a caricature.

Part Two- 5 points

• Campaign slogan for the monarch that reflects their goals, political viewpoints, their political agenda, or their accomplishments.

• This should be creative and catchy. Make it memorable.

Part Three- 5 points

• One quote stated by the monarch that reflects their goals, political viewpoints, their political agenda, or their accomplishments. Remember these are PRIMARY SOURCES NOT HOW HISTORIANS DESCRIBE THE RULER! (You will need to do research for this- find a credible source)

Part Four- 5 points

• Find a map or in some way illustrate the land/country that the monarch rules over in Europe. LABEL THE MAJOR CITIES.

Part Five- 5 points

• You should included everything that your monarch did that was unique outside of the above criteria, for example, the building of the Palace of Versailles.

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Part Six- 5 points

• Bibliographical information page that credits sources that were used to gain information

Part Seven- 30 points

• Write and INDIVIDUAL explanation paper of why your monarch should receive the title of Most Absolute Monarch. The explanations should be 500-750 words. Remember to write and support a good thesis. THIS MUST BE TYPED!

• The criteria you should use are how well your monarch

1. Controlled the nobility

2. Controlled the peasantry

3. Controlled the military

4. Controlled religion

5. Controlled taxes and government spending

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Chapter 10 Review

1. Define Absolute Monarchy and list the countries that had one.

2. What was the divine right of kings?

3. Explain the effect that the Palace of Versailles had on France.

4. Explain why Louis XIV was nicknamed the "Sun King"?

5. How would Cardinal Richelieu strengthen France?

6. What was the "Edict of Nantes"?

7. Why would Catholic Cardinal Richelieu support the Protestants during the Thirty Years’ War?

8. Why did Louis XIV force the French nobles to move to Versailles?

9. Fearing France’s strength and aggression, what would the other European nations united to create?

10. What would the Treaty of Westphalia accomplish?

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11. How would the Treaty of Utrecht affect France?

12. What family strengthened absolutism in Russia for 300 years?

13. Explain Peter the Great belief on Westernization.

14. What reason would make Catherine the Great fear that Russia could never be successful in trade?

15. The capital of Russia moved from __________ to ___________.

16. What was Peter the Great’s view on marriage?

17. How was Russia’s expansion different than any other European nation?

18. How would Peter the Great’s rule change the number of serfs in Russia?

19.What was the Third Partition?

20. What was the main religion of the Holy Roman Empire?

21. The Seven Years’ War is also called the French and Indian war by whom?

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22. What royal family became England's rulers in the late 1400's?

23. What action did Henry VIII take when the Pope refused to grant him a divorce?

24. Why was Mary Queen of Scotts beheaded?

25. Explain Elizabeth I rule of England.

26. Who would Elizabeth I defeat and how would this impact England’s Navy?

27. Define Puritans:

28. Define Gentry:

29. Define Burgesses:

30. Who was “Bloody Mary” and why would she be given that name?

31. Why did the Protestants of England dislike Mary I?

32. Elizabeth I returned the English monarchy to what religion?

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