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Keywords: rice-fish culture systems have been practiced in Java for centuries, integrating aquaculture into rice farming systems makes efficient utilization of natural resources in irrigated areas, Java Indonesia, minapadi (rice-fish) vs rice monoculture, effect of palawija ikan on the succeeding rice production, economic analysis of minapadi at the Sukamandi Experiment Station, comparative land productivity and water consumption between minapadi and rice monoculture, economics of palawija ikan and fish losses per hectare, effect of insecticides, rice-fish-duck farming systems, future research program, unsettled problems, not all rice-fish production systems are suitable to farm conditions, water availability, rice growing season, seed fish production systems and markets are the factors that affect the feasibility of palawija ikan, when pesticides are applied to rice fields in a rice-fish system residues end up in fish tissues (an example of carbofuran and diazinon is given from research results), irrigation water requirement for rice-fish culture is very high, continuous flow of water is the cause of inefficient water use in minapadi, field arrangement in a rice-fish-duck system is given, on-farm research vs on-station research, minapadi vs rice monoculture, effect of rice-fish system on the succeeding rice crops