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APA REFERENCING EXAMPLES RMIT University LibraryUpdated: 19 December 2017

Important: This is a guide only. To avoid losing marks:

1. Confirm the referencing requirements of your school with your lecturer, and 2. Use American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author to clarify referencing rules or if you need more examples. This guide is based on this publication.

APA is an author-date referencing style. You need to follow this style when acknowledging your information sources.

APA style requires that all references in a document are to be cited in-text, and that all in-text citations are compiled in a reference list at the end of the document. In-text citations appear within the body of the document and include details such as author(s) family name, year of publication, and page number(s) (if applicable). The reference list must provide full details of all in-text citations, and be arranged alphabetically by author.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

General rules

When a work has two authors, always cite both family names every time the reference occurs in the text.

When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time; in subsequent citations, include only the family name of the first author followed by et al. and the year of publication.

When a work has six or more authors, cite only the family name of the first author followed by et al. and the year of publication for the first and subsequent citations.

When using exact words that an author has used, you must enclose these in double quotation marks “ ” and supply an in-text citation, including page number(s).

In your writing, you must acknowledge each author or source of information (whether print or online) either by paraphrasing or using a direct quote.

document.docxAvailable at: www.rmit.edu.au/library/referencing

RMIT University LibraryCreated:15 February 2016

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http://primo-direct-apac.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/RMITU:Books_articles_and_more:RMIT_ALMA2151674880001341

http://primo-direct-apac.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/RMITU:Books_articles_and_more:RMIT_ALMA2151674880001341

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is when you are expressing the ideas of the author(s) in your own words. When paraphrasing, use round brackets to add the author(s) family name and the year of publication, or use the author’s family name as part of your sentence, followed by the year of publication in round brackets.

Note: When paraphrasing, the citation details can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.

Citation at the beginning

Brophy (2010) states that student motivation . . .

Citation in the middle

. . . motivation is evident (Brophy, 2010), and as a result, can contribute significantly to achieving

learning goals.

Citation at the end

. . . where a number of subjective experiences can inform motivational outcomes (Brophy, 2010).

Note: Citations can also be structured according to whether they give prominence to the author, or to the information being conveyed.

Author-prominent citations

In his research, Brophy (2010) argues that . . .

Information-prominent citations

. . . findings are based on the qualitative study of behavioural learning (Brophy, 2010).

Including page numbers in a paraphrase citation

When paraphrasing, page numbers may also be included as part of the citation, especially if it helps the reader to locate the source of the information in a lengthy document.

Note: Including page numbers when paraphrasing is optional, and is NOT a requirement of the APA referencing style.



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In order to establish a learning community in the classroom, it is important to motivate students by

addressing both individual and collaborative learning goals (Brophy, 2010, pp. 23-24).

Direct quotes

Direct quotes are used when you are using the exact words of the author(s). Put direct quotes between double quotation marks, and add a page number. Do not overuse direct quotes.

“Student motivation to learn can be viewed as either a general disposition or a situation-specific state”

(Brophy, 2010, p. 12).

If the work you are referencing does NOT contain page numbers, then use chapter numbers, section headings and paragraph numbers as part of the in-text reference.

“As the national peak body for early childhood, ECA is a regular, and trusted, contributor to the public

policy debate on all matters affecting young children (birth to eight years) and their families” (Early

Childhood Australia, 2016, Advocacy section, para. 1).

If you omit words from a direct quote, you will need to add a space followed by three ellipsis dots ( . . . ) and another space.

Cannon (2012) argues that "changes in corporate approaches to such sensitive areas . . . will require

coherent change strategies" (p. 165).

Note: Quotes more than 40 words in length need to be in block form – without using quotation marks, begin the quote on a new, indented line, and double-space the entire quote. At the end of the quote, include citation details such as author(s), year and page number(s) in brackets.

The difference between intrinsic motivation and motivation to learn is closely related to the difference

between affective and cognitive engagement experiences. Intrinsic motivation refers primarily to

affective experience—enjoyment of the processes involved in engaging in an activity. In contrast,

motivation to learn is primarily a cognitive experience involving attempts to make sense of the

information that an activity conveys, to relate this information to prior knowledge, and to master

the skills that the activity develops. (Brophy, 2010, p. 12)



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Single author

When paraphrasing, include the author’s family name and year of publication in brackets. Or, if referring to the author(s) family name in the body of the text, then just include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the family name.

Studies indicate that . . . (Sullivan, 2013).

Sullivan (2013) states that . . .

When directly quoting, give the page number(s) from the book.

“A major criticism of business is that it abuses its power” (Carroll, 2012, p. 26).

Carroll (2012) contends that “a major criticism of business is that it abuses its power” (p. 26).

Two authors

The ampersand symbol (&) is used between the author names only when they appear in brackets.

Otherwise, just use and to separate author names in the body of the text.

. . . and is vital in order to encode memories (Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo, 2016).

Pastorino and Doyle-Portillo (2016) identify . . .

Three, four or five authors

Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs.

. . . independent variables are controlled by the selector (Kraemer, Fleck, & Deschenes, 2016).

For subsequent citations, use the first family name listed followed by et al.

Kraemer et al. (2016) posit that . . .

If cited again within that paragraph – omit the year of publication.

Kraemer et al. also found that . . .

Six or more authors

Use only the first listed family name followed by et al. and year of publication.

Brown et al. (2010) identified . . .



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Multiple references in same parentheses

List all citations alphabetically, with a semi-colon to separate them.

There are indications that passive smoking is potentially threatening to health (Applebee, 2006;

Cookson, 2007; Sheldon & James, 2004).

Multiple works by same author in same year

When an author has published more than one cited work in the same year, distinguish each work by using a lower case letter after the year within the brackets (this is also written in the reference list).

According to Dean (2017a), it was found that . . .

It is suggested that . . . (Dean, 2017b).

Identify works by the same author in the same year by the suffixes a, b, c, etc. after the year.

In the reference list, references by the same author with the same publication year are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A or The) that follows the date.

Dean, E. (2017a). Practice nursing: An action plan for a disparate workforce. Nursing Standard, 32(3),

25. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.32.3.25.s24

Dean, E. (2017b). Top nursing universities fall short in new ratings. Nursing Standard, 31(44), 9.

https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.44.9.s8

Secondary citation

A secondary citation is used when you acknowledge the work of an author that you have read about in another author’s work.

For example, if you read an article written by Hosany and Martin and they cite information from another study written by Heath and Scott, you would need to acknowledge Heath and Scott in the text:

Heath and Scott (as cited in Hosany & Martin, 2012) claim that . . .

Early research indicated . . . (Heath & Scott, as cited in Hosany & Martin, 2012).



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In the reference list, you need to include the citation information for the Hosany and Martin article as that is where the Heath and Scott information was sourced:

Hosany, S., & Martin, D. (2012). Self-image congruence in consumer behavior. Journal of Business

Research, 65(5), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.015

Personal communication

Information obtained from personal communication does NOT need to be included in the reference list, and should only be referenced in-text.

Examples of personal communication include: interviews conversations telephone calls letters emails course materials (including lecture notes and PowerPoint presentations)

When citing in-text, include the author/lecturer first name initial(s) followed by their family name, and a

precise date of when the communication/lecture took place.

K. Reimers’ (personal communication, July 3, 2015) lecture on quantum mechanics dealt with . . .

The lecture on quantum mechanics raised several interesting points of discussion . . . (K. Reimers,

personal communication, July 3, 2015).

Course materials

Referencing of course materials follows the same rules of personal communication. All materials accessed via the RMIT Learning Management System (LMS) are only recoverable by RMIT academic staff as well as the students enrolled in the course, and as such should only be cited in-text, NOT in the reference list.



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Examples of course materials are:

lecture notes PowerPoint slides from lectures practical/laboratory manuals lecture recordings images taken from the LMS

If referencing lecture notes include the author/lecturer first name initial(s) followed by their family name, and a precise date of when the communication/lecture took place.

The lecture on Maslow's hierachy showed . . . (M. Lee, personal communication, 17 May, 2017).

If referencing PowerPoint slides used in lectures or in-class presentations, be sure to include the author/lecturer first name initial(s), their family name, as well as a precise date of when the PowerPoint presentation was delivered.

The topic of postural assessment [PowerPoint slides] was examined and found that . . . (B. Draper,

personal communication, 26 April, 2017).

Electronic sources

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format.

Use the name of the section and the paragraph number as part of the in-text reference if quoting from a website that is NOT a PDF document.

Human Rights Day aims to raise public awareness (United Nations, 2016, Preamble section, para. 2).

Place of publication

For the place of publication, add the city, and then include the state code or country name.

Cities in the USA and Canada need to include the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province.

Seattle, WA

Vancouver, BC

Cities in other countries (outside the USA and Canada) need to include the country name after the city.

Melbourne, Australia



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Oxford, England

Legal material

Act of Parliament

Include the title of the legislation and the year in italics if referring to an Act in the body of the text. Otherwise, place the year and section number (s.) (if applicable) in brackets.

It is necessary to also state the jurisdiction of the legislation, either in the body of the text, or enclosed in brackets e.g. (Cth) for Commonwealth, (Vic) for Victoria, (UK) for United Kingdom etc.

Note: Include the jurisdiction the first time the act is cited. The jurisdiction can be dropped with subsequent citations.

Examples:

According to the Victorian Mental Health Act (2014, s. 29) . . .

Victoria’s Mental Health Act (2014, s. 29) states that . . .

By virtue of s. 130.1 of the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) . . .

“A person receiving mental health services in a designated mental health service may be kept in

seclusion . . .” (Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic), s. 110).

Cases

When citing a case in-text, it is necessary to include the title of the case in italics followed by the year in brackets. Alternatively, it is also acceptable to include all case details enclosed in brackets; italicise only the case title, followed by the year.

Note: Include the year with the first citation. The year can be dropped in subsequent citations.

According to the case of Drew v Minister for Health and Ageing (2011) . . .

. . . (Drew v Minister for Health and Ageing, 2011).



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THE REFERENCE LIST

General rules

Use a reference list to include all of the publications you have acknowledged at the end of your work, and use the heading References or Reference List on a new page.

The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author family name. If there are multiple entries by the same author, then arrange chronologically starting with the

earliest year of publication. If there are several authors with the same family name, then arrange alphabetically by initials. Where an item has no author, it is cited by its title. The reference list must be double-spaced and each entry should have a hanging indent on the

second and subsequent lines (if applicable). Italicise all book titles, journal titles and volume numbers, and titles of newspapers. For print material, the word Author is used in the publisher position when both the author and the

publisher are the same.

Digital object identifier (DOI)

When citing electronic journal articles, you MUST include a digital object identifier (DOI) if stated. A DOI is a unique identifier that is assigned to individual journal articles, and provides a persistent link to online content.

The recommended DOI format should appear in your reference list as:

1. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

It’s also acceptable to use the older DOI formats:

2. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

3. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

If no DOI is assigned, include the journal’s homepage URL instead.

Note: There is no full stop after the URL, and the hyperlink is removed.

Books

Book with single author

Sullivan, E. J. (2013). Becoming influential: A guide for nurses (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.



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Book with two to seven authors

List all authors, placing an ampersand symbol (&) before the last name.

Kraemer, W. J., Fleck, S. J., & Deschenes, M. R. (2016). Exercise physiology: Integrating theory and

application (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Book with eight or more authors

List the first six authors followed by three ellipsis points (. . .) then the last author.

Lodish, H., Kaiser, C. A., Bretscher, A., Amon, A., Berk, A., Krieger, M., . . . Scott, M. P. (2012).

Molecular cell biology (7th ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.

Book with an edition number

Include the edition number followed by the abbreviation ed. in brackets after the book title. If the book is a first edition, or no edition is stated, do NOT include the edition number.

Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2013). Abnormal child psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Edited book

An edited book will generally be comprised of chapters written by a number of different authors. When citing in-text, you will need to attribute the authors of the particular chapter you are referencing, NOT the editors of the entire work.

Author(s) of the chapter, year of publication, and title of the chapter precede the details about the book editors and title of the book. Following the word In is the editor(s) initials then family names.

Also, enclose in brackets the edition number (if applicable), and include the page numbers of the chapter directly after the title.

Schirm, V. (2013). Quality of life. In I. M. Lubkin & P. D. Larsen (Eds.), Chronic illness: Impact and

interventions (8th ed., pp. 183-206). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Book chapter

If the book is an authored (NOT edited) work, then reference it as a whole work, NOT by the book chapter.



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For examples refer to the relevant ‘Book’ sections.

E-book (from a database)

Follow the same rules for citing a book, but provide a retrieval statement in the form of the database homepage URL.

Crayton, M. (2012). All the mathematics you missed. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/

Journal articles

Journal article with single author

When including journal articles in the reference list, you must italicise the title of the Journal and volume number, and include the digital object identifier (DOI) at the end of the reference (if stated).

Musiek, E. S. (2017). Circadian rhythms in AD pathogenesis: A critical appraisal. Current Sleep Medicine

Reports, 3(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40675-017-0072-517-18

Journal article with two to seven authors

Include all author names (up to seven) in the reference list, placing an ampersand symbol (&) before the last name.

Demacheva, I., Ladouceur, M., Steinberg, E., Pogossova, G., & Raz, A. (2012). The applied cognitive

psychology of attention: A step closer to understanding magic tricks. Applied Cognitive

Psychology, 26, 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2825

Journal article with eight or more authors

List the first six authors followed by three ellipsis points (. . .) then the last author.

Marinovich, M. L., Houssami, N., Macaskill, P., Sardanelli, F., Irwig, L., Mamounas, E. P., . . . Ciatto, S.

(2013). Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting residual breast cancer after

neoadjuvant therapy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105(5), 321-333.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs528



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Journal article without DOI

If citing a journal article without a DOI, include the volume, issue number (if available), and page number(s). If the journal article was retrieved online, include the URL of the journal homepage.

Walker, B., & Buchbinder, R. (1997). Most commonly used methods of detecting spinal subluxation and

the preferred term for its description: A survey of chiropractors in Victoria, Australia. Journal of

Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 20(9), 583-589. Retrieved from

http://www.jmptonline.org/

Newspaper articles

Newspaper article from a library database

DO NOT italicise the title of the article, only the title of the newspaper.

Include the day, month and year, as well as the exact URL of the article.

Evans, K. (2015, January 05). Aspirin study raises hopes for dementia prevention. The Age. Retrieved

from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641732086?accountid=13552

Newspaper article, online

To avoid non-working URLs, provide the URL of the newspaper homepage.

Baird, J. (2016, November 05). There’s no such thing as ‘just a nurse’. The Age. Retrieved from

http://www.theage.com.au/

Newspaper article, print

Include the pagination by using p. for one page or pp. for multiple pages. If the article is spread across discontinuous pages, provide all page numbers separated by a comma e.g. pp. 2, 4, 8-9.

Parnell, S. (2016, November 16). Medicare freeze no check on GP visits. The Australian, pp. 1, 5.



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Newspaper article, no author

Place the title of the article in the author position, and provide the exact URL if taken from a library database.

Budget to link school spending to outcomes. (2016, May 02). The Australian. Retrieved from

http://search.proquest.com/docview/1785632535?accountid=13552

Legal material

Act of Parliament

The title of the legislation and year are to be italicised.

Include the jurisdiction of the legislation in brackets e.g. (Cth) for Commonwealth, or the State abbreviation.

If a specific section of the legislation is used, this can be highlighted by using an s. for section.

If the legislation is obtained from an electronic source, add a retrieval statement to the reference.

Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) s. 115.1. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/

Legal cases

For court decisions the elements to include are: title of the case in italics, year in brackets, volume number, reporter abbreviation, and starting page number.

If a case is obtained from an electronic database, add a retrieval statement.

Drew v Minister for Health and Ageing (2011) 56 AAR 227. Retrieved from

http://www.westlaw.com.au/maf/wlau/app/document?

docguid=I49472f517b6911e18eefa443f89988a0

Audiovisual media

Audio podcast

Include details of the presenter, interviewee or producer etc. in the author position.

Italicise the podcast title and describe the form type inside square brackets e.g. [Audio podcast].



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Provide the homepage URL to avoid any potential non-working URLs.

Nilsson, S. (Interviewee). (2016, September 19). New technique in stem cell harvesting [Audio podcast].

Retrieved from https://www.podomatic.com

Video podcast

Trueman, H. (Producer). (2016, August 30). Gene editing made simple [Video podcast]. Retrieved from

http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst

Streaming video from a library database

Include the video title in italics and describe the form type inside square brackets e.g. [Video file].

Provide the homepage URL to avoid any potential non-working URLs.

Informit EduTV. (2016, May 31). Revolution School: Ep. 1 of 4 [Video file]. Retrieved from

http://edutv.informit.com.au/browse-videos.php

YouTube video

Provide the exact URL in the retrieval statement.

Primal Pictures. (2014, September 19). Primal’s 3D atlas of human anatomy [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-BtsX3bGvs

Webpages

Webpage

If citing information taken directly from a webpage include author(s) if applicable, or if no author(s) are stated then use a company or organisation name, followed by the year in brackets.

If no year is stated then use n.d. for no date.

Do NOT italicise the title of the page or section, and add a retrieval statement in the form of a URL.

Early Childhood Australia. (2016). Early childhood Australia’s advocacy: Advocacy goals. Retrieved from

http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-work/early-childhood-australias-advocacy/



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Webpage document

When citing documents sourced from a website include author(s) if applicable, or if no author(s) are stated then use a company or organisation name, year in brackets, title of document and a retrieval statement in the form of a URL.

World Health Organization. (2015). WHO guideline on the use of safety-engineered syringes for

intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections in health-care settings. Retrieved from

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250144/1/9789241549820-eng.pdf

Other sources

Conference proceedings

For proceedings sourced from a print book or e-book, use the same format for a book or book chapter e.g. author(s), year of publication, title of conference paper, editor(s), title of book in italics, page number(s), place of publication, publisher and DOI.

If the proceedings were taken from an online source such as a library database, use the same format as a book and, after the title, include where the paper was presented and the retrieval statement e.g. . . . Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Medical Imaging, Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxx

Katashev, A., Romberg, K., Danielsson, A., & Saraste, H. (2015). Application of 3D scanner for

estimation of chest movement in scoliotic patients. In H. Mindedal & M. Persson (Eds.). 16th

Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering: 16 NBC & 10. MTD 2014 joint conferences.

(pp. 63-66). Gothenburg, Sweden: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-

3-319-12967-9

Thesis

For a thesis sourced from an institutional repository, use the following format: author, year of publication in brackets, title in italics, identify the type of work in brackets and also include a retrieval statement in the form of a URL.

Wang, H. (2015). Protein degradation pathways in hepatic ER stress and insulin resistance. (Doctoral

dissertation). Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161444



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For a thesis sourced from a library database include the following information: author, year of publication in brackets, title in italics, type of work in brackets, and a retrieval statement that includes the name of the database and the accession or order number in brackets.

Sutherland, A. M. (2016). Technology for single cell protein analysis in immunology and cancer

prognostics. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global

database. (Order No. 3738948)

Standards

Provide both the title and Standard number in italics, and shorten the URL to the homepage.

Standards Australia. (2014). Sterile acupuncture needles for single use (AS ISO 17218:2014). Retrieved

from https://www.saiglobal.com

Blog post

Do NOT italicise the title of the blog post. Include the form type in square brackets after the title e.g. [Blog post] and provide the exact URL.

Bratianu, P. (2015, June 10). Why workplace stress impacts nurses [Blog post]. Retrieved from

https://www.ausmed.com/articles/stress-in-nursing/

PowerPoint slides

If referencing a PowerPoint presentation that has been published and sourced online (e.g. SlideShare), include the following: the author(s) name, year of publication, title of the slide presentation in italics, a description of the form type inside square brackets e.g. [PowerPoint slides], and a retrieval statement in the form of a URL.

Haavik, H. (2014). How to confidently communicate the science of chiropractic [PowerPoint slides].

Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/heidihaavik/how-to-confidently-communicate-the-

science-of-chiropractic



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Report, government or corporate

Include the author(s) if stated; otherwise add the company, organisation or government department, followed by the year of publication in brackets.

As the document is a report, the title is italicised and, if there is a report number, place it in brackets immediately after the title.

If the report has been sourced online make sure to include a retrieval statement.

Only identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement if the publisher has NOT been identified as the author e.g. . . . Retrieved from Australian Institute of Sport website: http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Hospital resources 2014–15: Australian hospital

statistics (Health services series No. 71, Cat. No. HSE 176). Retrieved from

http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129556122

Images

APA includes the following within the definition of images and figures:

graphs charts maps posters drawings photographs tables

General rules

Number figures consecutively in italics throughout your work using Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3 and so on, taking care to order them as they appear within the text.

The first figure is labelled Figure 1, the second, Figure 2, the third, Figure 3 and so on.

Do NOT label figures with suffix letters such as Figure 5a, instead use, Figure 5.1.

Directly below the figure place a caption that includes:

1. The figure number (in italics).

2. A brief title of the image.

3. Citation details of where the image was reprinted from.



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4. A figure taken from a creative commons source MUST include a license statement.

List the title of the image, i.e. Table, Figure, or Appendix, as it appears in the source material.

Note: The caption information varies slightly from standard APA referencing style.

In-text citation

When citing figures in the text of your work, you need to acknowledge them in two places:

1. within the written body of your paper, as you would for a normal in-text reference, and

2. below the figure.

Within the written body of your paper, cite the figure as you would for a normal in-text reference.

Refer to the figure by its assigned number. Do NOT refer to the figure as “the Figure above/below”, or “the Figure on page 17”.

For example:

As shown in Figure 1, the data indicates . . .

Figure 2 illustrates . . .

Table 5 displays . . .

Figure from a book / journal article

A figure from a book/journal article will include a double-spaced caption with the following elements directly below the figure:

label of figure in italics (e.g. Figure 1.) followed by a brief but descriptive phrase book title in italics with proper nouns capitalised, or article title in double quotation marks “ ” and

preceded with the words Adapted/Reprinted from author(s) initials followed by family name, preceded with the word by year of publication journal title in italics (if applicable) volume number in italics (if applicable) issue number (if applicable) page number(s)



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Figure 1. Dose distributions for a left-breast tumor (a, b) at the level of surgical bed defined by titanium

clips (arrows) and the corresponding DVH (c, d) for supine (left) and prone (right) positions. Reprinted

from “Pilot study of feasibility and dosimetric comparison of prone versus supine breast radiotherapy,” by

E. Fernandez-Lizarbe, A. Montero, A. Polo, R. Hernanz, R. Moris, S. Formenti, and A. Ramos, 2013,

Clinical and Translational Oncology, 15, p. 453.

Reference list

The figure must appear in the reference list, and the citation is formatted in correct APA style of the original source.

Fernandez-Lizarbe, E., Montero, A., Polo, A., Hernanz, R., Moris, R., Formenti, S., & Ramos, A. (2013).

Pilot study of feasibility and dosimetric comparison of prone versus supine breast radiotherapy.

Clinical and Translational Oncology, 15, 450-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-012-0950-8

Figure from a webpage

A figure from a webpage will include a double-spaced caption with the following elements directly below the figure:

label of figure in italics (e.g. Figure 2.) title of image (or brief description) title of webpage preceded with the words Adapted/Reprinted from author(s) initials followed by family name, or institute/organisation, preceded with the word by year of webpage



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retrieval statement in the form of a URL

Figure 2. Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Adapted from Parathyroid cancer treatment

(PDQ®)–patient version, by National Cancer Institute, 2016, Retrieved from

https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq

Reference list

You must include the figure your reference list. Format the citation in correct APA style of the original source. Also include the form type in square brackets, e.g. [Website image].

National Cancer Institute. (2016). Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands [Website image].

Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq

Figure from a library database

A figure from a library database will include a double-spaced caption with the following elements directly below the figure:

label of figure in italics (e.g. Figure 3.) title of image (and/or brief description) title of library database preceded with the words Adapted/Reprinted from author(s) initials followed by family name, or institute/organisation, preceded with the word by year of image retrieval statement in the form of the library database homepage URL



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Figure 3. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Graphic of large recurrent disc herniation shows

displacement of the nuclear material through a large defect in the posterior annular fibers with

effacement of the ventral thecal sac and displacement of the intrathecal nerve roots. Reprinted

from Imaging Reference Center, by J. S. Ross, 2017, Retrieved from

https://app.imagingreferencecenter.com

Reference list

The figure must appear in the reference list, and the citation is formatted in correct APA style of the original source. Also include the form type in square brackets e.g. [Database image].

Ross, J. S. (2017). Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. [Database image]. Retrieved from

https://app.imagingreferencecenter.com

Figure from creative commons

A figure from a creative commons source will include a double-spaced caption with the following elements directly below the figure:

label of figure in italics (e.g. Figure 4.) title of image (or brief description) title of the creative commons source preceded with the words Adapted/Reprinted from author(s) initials followed by family name, or institute/organisation, preceded with the word by year of image retrieval statement in the form of a URL creative commons license statement e.g. CC BY 2.0



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Figure 4. MRI. Reprinted from Flickr, by L. West, 2012, Retrieved from

https://www.flickr.com/photos/calliope/7694882446 CC BY 2.0

Reference list

The figure must appear in the reference list, and the citation is formatted in correct APA style of the original source. Also include the form type in square brackets e.g. [Website image].

West, L. (2012). MRI. [Website image]. Retrieved from

https://www.flickr.com/photos/calliope/7694882446 CC BY 2.0

Figure from course materials (Canvas)

A figure from a Learning Management System (LMS) source such as Canvas will include a double-spaced caption with the following elements directly below the figure:

label of figure in italics (e.g. Figure 5./Table 5.) title of image (or brief description) title of the LMS source (e.g. course name/course code) preceded with the words

Adapted/Reprinted from author(s)/lecturer(s) initials followed by family name, or institute/organisation, preceded with the

word by year figure was published retrieval statement in the form of a URL



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Figure 5. Title. Reprinted from course XXXXX1234, by lecturer’s name, 2017, Retrieved from

https://rmit.instructure.com/

Reference list

As the figure is taken from an unrecoverable source, it’s treated as a personal communication and therefore does NOT appear in the reference list.

Example of a reference list

Reference List

Baird, J. (2016, November 05). There’s no such thing as ‘just a nurse’. The Age. Retrieved from

http://www.theage.com.au/

Destounis, S. V., Arieno, A. L., Morgan, R. C., Cavanaugh, D., Seifert, P. J., Murphy, P. F., & Somerville,

P. A. (2014). Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening patients in their 40s with and

without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient facility. American Journal of

Roentgenology, 202(4), 928-932. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.13.11194

Early Childhood Australia. (2016). Early childhood Australia’s advocacy: Advocacy goals. Retrieved from

http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-work/early-childhood-australias-advocacy/



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Haavik, H. (2014). How to confidently communicate the science of chiropractic [PowerPoint slides].

Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/heidihaavik/how-to-confidently-communicate-the-

science-of-chiropractic

Primal Pictures. (2014, September 19). Primal’s 3D atlas of human anatomy [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-BtsX3bGvs

Schirm, V. (2013). Quality of life. In I. M. Lubkin & P. D. Larsen (Eds.), Chronic illness: Impact and

interventions (8th ed., pp. 183-206). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Standards Australia. (2014). Sterile acupuncture needles for single use (AS ISO 17218:2014). Retrieved

from https://www.saiglobal.com

Sullivan, E. J. (2013). Becoming influential: A guide for nurses (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Wang, H. (2015). Protein degradation pathways in hepatic ER stress and insulin resistance. (Doctoral

dissertation). Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161444

IMAGE CREDITS

IMAGE: 'ANATOMY OF THE THYROID AND PARA THYROID GLANDS' [CL25002]

Acknowledgement for the use of the image in this guide: For the National Cancer Institute © 2012 Terese Winslow LLC, U.S. Govt. has certain rights.

License Granted: Terese Winslow LLC hereby grants limited, non-exclusive worldwide print and electronic rights only for use in the work specified. Terese Winslow LLC grants such rights “AS IS” without representation or warranty of any kind and shall have no liability in connection with such license.

Restrictions: Reproduction for use in any other work, derivative works, or by any third party by manual or electronic methods is prohibited. Ownership of original artwork, copyright, and all rights not specifically transferred



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herein remain the exclusive property of Terese Winslow LLC. Additional license(s) are required for ancillary usage(s).

IMAGE: 'MRI'

“MRI” by Liz West can be reused under the CC BY 2.0 license.



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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/calliope/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/calliope/7694882446

€¦ · Web viewAPA referencing examples . RMIT University LibraryUpdated: 19 December 2017....

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