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Edexcel ScienceiGCSE Physics

H. Movement and Position2019-2020

Name:________________Physics Teacher:______________

House CG Test Score

Year 10

Specification Checklist

1.01 use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s) and newton/kilogram (N/kg)

1.03 plot and explain distance−time graphs

1.04 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time

taken:

Average speed = distance moved/time taken

s=dt

1.05 practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

1.06 know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken:acceleration = change in velocity/time taken

a= v−ut

1.07 plot and explain velocity-time graphs

1.08 determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity−time graph

1.09 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity−time graph and the time axis

1.10 "use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved:

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2=u2+2as

1.11 describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction

1.13 understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities

1.14 understand that force is a vector quantity

1.19 know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking

distance and the braking distance

Movement and Position – Science (Physics) 2

1.20 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road

condition and reaction time

Key Definitions

Key Word Image Definition

Acceleration The rate of change of speed.

Average Speed The result of dividing the total distance by the total time taken. It does not account for any change in speed over the journey.

Braking Distance The distance travelled when the driver has his foot on the brake.

Displacement The distance in a specific direction. This can be negative.

Gradient The steepness of a line. Calculated by Change∈y valueChange∈x value .

Intoxicated Under the effect of drugs or alcohol.

Reaction Time The time it takes from seeing an object to moving.

Scalar Something with only magnitude. Just a number.

Stopping Distance

The total distance it takes to stop.

Thinking Distance

The distance from seeing the object to putting your foot on the break.

Vector Something with magnitude and direction

Velocity The speed of an object in a specific direction. This can be negative.


1: Speed, Distance, Time and Forces Revision

Learning Outcomes:

1. State the Safety Rules for the Lab and Classroom Rules2. Describe the effect Forces have on an object3. Identify the different types of Forces.

Lab SafetyUse your previous Science knowledge to Analyse the scene below.

Circle Hazard in Red Circle Good Practice in Green In the space below write 3 control measures that could be taken to improve safety

in this lab.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………


Task: What do you remember about Forces?

On the mind map below can you add everything you already know about Forces? Be ready to share your ideas with the class.

Key Ideas

1. Force is a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction)2. Unbalanced forces can result in a change of speed, shape or direction3. When forces are unbalanced we can calculate the resultant force along a line.


FORCES

Worksheet – Forces Revision

1. Which of the following are vector quantities? (Circle them)

Speed, acceleration, velocity, distance, mass, friction, density, upthrust,

2. Explain why 5N + 4N does not always mean a resultant force of 9N

3. What is the resultant force in a tug of war competition when one team pulls right with 240N and the other team pulls with 320N in the opposite direction?

………….. …………..4. Calculate the resultant forces on the masses below

………….……… ……………………. ………………….

………….……… ……………………. ………………….

5. Label all the forces you can on the images below:

Speed, Distance and Time


Key Ideas

1. Speed, Distance and Time are linked in the following equation:

Average Speed=DistanceTravelledTimeTaken

2. Pay attention to the units given in the question – these can be different!

Worked Examples

1. What is the average speed of a cyclist that travels 800m in 60s?

2. How far has a car travelled if it travels at a constant speed of 10m/s for 2 minutes?

Worksheet – Speed, Distance and Time

Complete the questions below using the equation you have just learnt. You must show all of your working [equation, substitution, solution and units]


1. Calculate the average speed of a car that travels 600m in 60 seconds.

…………………..

2. Calculate the average speed of a train that travels 4000m in 80 seconds.

…………………..

3. Calculate the average speed of a bus that travels 2500m in 500 seconds.

…………………..

4. How far, in meters, will a car travel in 20 seconds at an average speed of 20 m/s?

…………………..

5. How far, in meters, will a train travel in 500 seconds at an average speed of 25 m/s?

…………………..

6. How far, in meters, will a rocket travel in 3 seconds at an average speed of 10000 m/s?

…………………..

7. How long, in seconds, should a car take to travel 500m at an average speed of 25 m/s?

…………………..

8. How long, in seconds, should a rocket take to travel 1000000m at an average speed of 20000 m/s?


…………………..9. Calculate the average speed of a bus that travels 25km in 900 seconds.

…………………..10. How long, in seconds, should a car take to travel 500km at an average speed of 20

m/s?

…………………..11. How far, in meters, will a cyclist travel in 4 minutes at an average speed of 8 m/s?

…………………..12. How long, in hours, should a car take to travel 600km at an average speed of 25

m/s?

…………………..13. How far, in kilometres, will a rocket travel in 1 minute at an average speed of 5 km/s?

…………………..14. Calculate the average speed (in m/s) of a cyclist that travels 60km in 5 hours.

…………………..

2: Distance-Time Graphs

Learning Outcomes:


1. Describe how speed can be found from a distance-time graph.2. Plot a distance-time graph3. Investigate an objects speed by taking measurements and plotting/interpreting a

distance-time graph.

Knowledge and Understanding QuizUse the knowledge you have gained in the previous lesson to answer the following questions:

1. What is the resultant force on an object that has 25N pulling it right and 12N pulling it left?

………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

2. Label the forces on the diagram below:

(4)

3. What is the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

4. Give an example of a vector quantity.

……………………………………………………………… (1)

5. Calculate the average speed of a runner who travels 200m in 25s.

….…………(3)

Score [ /12]

Distance-Time Graphs


Key Ideas

1. In a distance-time graph, distance is plotted on the y-axis and time is plotted on the x-axis

2. The gradient on a distance-time graph tells us the objects speed.3. The gradient is calculated by the following:

gradient= change∈ ychange∈x

4. A horizontal line represents a stationary object.

Worked Example

Q. How fast is the object going from:

a. AB?

b. BC?

c. CD?

Worksheet – Distance-time graphs

1. The distance-time graph shows the journey of a train between two stations.The stations are 6 kilometres apart.


6

5

4

3

2

1

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tim e (m inu tes )

D is tan ce(k ilo m etre s)

(a) During the journey the train stopped at a signal. For how long was the train stopped?

........................…............................................................................................

Answer ................................................... minutes(1)

(b) What was the average speed of the train for the whole journey? Give your answer in kilometres per hour.

........................…............................................................................................

Answer .............................. kilometres per hour(2)

2. Match each description to one of the graphs below. (4)a. A child runs at a constant speed for 40 s before stopping.b. A panda moves slowly at a constant speed for 40 s before stopping.c. A cheetah stalks his prey, moving slowly, stopping occasionally.d. A rabbit runs away from a farmer, not stopping for anything!

3. Draw a distance time graph for an otter that swims 100 m in 30 s, before he gets lazy and drifts along 50 m in 20 s. The otter then relaxes on the riverbank for 10 s. (5)


4. Wayne cycles from Newcastle to Ashington, a distance of 20 miles.The diagram shows the distance-time graph of his journey.

2 0

1 6

1 2

8

4

01 0 .0 0 11 .0 0 1 2 .0 0 1 3 .0 0 1 4 .0 0 T im e

D is tan cefro mN e w ca stle(m iles )

(a) How far from Newcastle is Wayne at 11.00?

Answer .......................................... miles(1)

(b) What is Wayne’s average speed over the first 2 hours of his journey?

.......................................................................................................................

Answer ........................................... mph(2)

(e) Darren travels from Ashington to Newcastle by bus.He leaves Ashington at 10.00 and arrives in Newcastle at 11.00On the diagram draw a possible distance-time graph of Darren’s journey.

(1)H1: Investigating Motion

In this investigation you are investigate the motion of an object by plotting a distance-time graph.


Health and Safety Check!

I will be sensible when running to avoid falling

What two variables will you be measuring in this investigation?

1. 2.

Method

1. Position 2 stopwatches every 5 m for 40m (measure with a trundle wheel)

2. Have a student walk at a constant speed along the 40m distance.

3. All stopwatches should start timing when the walker leaves the start line.

4. Stopwatches should stop timing when the walker passes them. 5. Fill times into the results table6. Repeat steps 2-5 for a student running at a constant speed.

Results

Distance [m]

Walking Running

Timer 1 [s] Timer 2 [s] Average Time [s] Timer 1 [s] Timer 2 [s] Average

Time [s]

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Plot both sets of results below (distance on the y-axis, time on the x-axis). [You may wish to use 2 different colours.]


Conclusions

Use your results/graph to answer the following questions.

1. Calculate the speed of the walker. [Hint: gradient]

……………………………

2. Calculate the speed of the runner.

……………………………

3. How could you tell by looking at the graph that the runner was faster than the walker?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Sketch on the graph a line (in green) that you would expect to see if a cyclist had also been measured.

3: Acceleration

Learning Outcomes:


Graph Checklist

Axes Labels (inc. units)

AppropriateScale

Points Plotted

Line of BestFit

1. Calculate an objects change in velocity using the formula:Change∈velocity=Final Velocity (speed )−InitialVelocity (speed )

2. Rearrange and use the equation:

Acceleration=Change∈VelocityTimeTaken to calculate Acceleration.

3. Investigate the acceleration of an object using Light Gates.

Interpreting a Distance-Time GraphUse the knowledge you have gained in the previous lesson to describe the motion of the object that produced the following graph:

Section Description of Motion STRETCH: Calculate Speed

0-A Constant speed s = 1000/(4x60) = 4.17m/s

A-B

B-C

C-D

D-E

E-F

Calculating Acceleration


Key Ideas

1. Acceleration, Change in speed and time taken are linked in the following equation:

Acceleration=Change∈VelocityTimeTaken

∨a= v−ut

2. Change in velocity can be calculated:Change∈velocity=Final Velocity (speed )−InitialVelocity (speed )¿

Change∈velocity=v−u3. If the acceleration is negative the object is slowing down (decelerating)

Worked Examples

1. What is the acceleration of an object that goes from rest to 60 m/s in 5s?

2. What is the final speed of an object that accelerates from rest at 12 m/s2 for 5s?

Worksheet – Acceleration


1. Calculate the acceleration of a car that moves from rest (0 m/s) to 10 m/s in 5 seconds.


…………………..

2. Calculate the acceleration of a train that move from rest to 20 m/s n 80 seconds.

…………………..

3. Calculate the acceleration of a cyclist that moves from rest to 8 m/s in 2 seconds.

…………………..

4. How long does it take a cyclist to reach 10 m/s from rest if they are accelerating at 2m/s2?

…………………..

5. How long does it take a rocket to reach 1000 m/s from rest if it is accelerating at 50 m/s2?

…………………..

6. A car accelerates at 5 m/s2 for 25 seconds. What is its change in speed?

…………………..

7. A train accelerates at 4 m/s2 for 1 minute. What is its change in speed?

…………………..

8. Calculate the acceleration of a car that moves from 10 m/s to 22 m/s in 4 seconds.

…………………..


9. Calculate the acceleration of a train that changes from 5 m/s to 20 m/s in 4 seconds .

…………………..10. What is the final velocity of a car that accelerates for 2 minutes at 1.5m/s2?

…………………..11. What is the final velocity of a cyclist after 5 seconds if they accelerate at 3m/s2 from a

speed of 4m/s?

…………………..12. How long, in seconds, should a train take to stop when accelerating at -2m/s2 from 30

m/s?

…………………..13. What is the deceleration of a car that takes 30 seconds to stop when travelling at

26m/s?

…………………..14. What was the initial velocity of a rocket that took 3 minutes to come to a stop when it

has a deceleration of 3 m/s2

…………………..

H2: Investigating Acceleration (Light Gates)

In this investigation you are going to use light gatesto work out the acceleration of a trolley as it rollsdown a ramp.



I will ensure the trolley isstopped safely

Take notes in the box below on how to set up the data-logger

Method

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below2. Programme the light gates (as shown by your teacher) to measure initial and final

velocity inputting any data requested 3. Set the height of the ramp to 5cm 4. The data logger can also be used to measure the time it takes the trolley to move

between the 2 light gates5. Start the data logger before letting trolley go6. Record results in the results table7. Repeat steps 3-6 for different heights (5cm intervals)8. Calculate acceleration

Results

Ramp Height [cm]

Initial Velocity

[m/s]

Final Velocity

[m/s]

Change in velocity

[m/s]

Time Taken [s]

Acceleration [m/s2]


height

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Plot your results on the graph below (height on the x-axis, acceleration on the y-axis)

Describe the relationship between ramp height and acceleration.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4: Velocity-Time Graphs

Learning Outcomes:

1. Plot a velocity-time graph


Graph Checklist


AppropriateScale

Points Plotted

Line of BestFit

2. Explain how acceleration and distance travelled can be determined from a velocity-time graph.

3. Use ticker tape to analyse the motion of an object.

Knowledge and Understanding QuizUse the knowledge you have gained in the previous 3 lessons to answer the following questions:

1. What is the equation that links average speed, distance travelled and time taken?

……………………………………………………………… (1)

2. What is the unit of acceleration?

……………………………………………………………… (1)

3. Below is a distance-time graph

What is the objects speed between:

a. 0 and 10s

b. 10 and 20s

c. 20 and 30s

(3)

4. What can you say about the forces on an object if it is travelling at constant speed?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

5. How long would it take an object to reach 50 m/s from rest if it accelerates at 4 m/s2?

……………………………………………………………… (2)

Score [ /8]

Velocity-Time Graphs


Time taken (seconds)

Key Ideas

1. In a distance-time graph, velocity is plotted on the y-axis and time is plotted on the x-axis

2. The gradient on a velocity-time graph tells us the objects acceleration.3. The area under a velocity-time graph tells us the distance travelled by the object4. A horizontal line represents a constant speed.

Worked Example

1. What velocity is the object travelling at after 2 seconds?

2. How far did the object travel in the first

10 seconds?

H3: Velocity-Time Graph (with Ticker Tape)



I will be careful when handling the ticker timer

8

In this investigation you are going to use ticker tape tocollect data to plot a velocity-time graph.

The frequency of the Ticker Timer you are using is____________ Hz. This means there will be _________ dots per second on the ticker tape.

We can work out the distance the object has travelled in a second by measuring the distance covered by ________ dots on the Ticker Tape.

Label the distance covered in a second on the ticker tape below:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

We can then calculate the objects velocity using the following equation:

Method

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below.2. Set the height of your ramp to 5cm (shallow ramp)3. Start the Ticker Timer4. Allow the trolley to roll freely down the ramp and across the desk until it stops. 5. Turn off Ticker Timer6. Use method above to measure the distance covered by the trolley every second.

7. Calculate the velocity of the care using the equation:

velocity (speed )=distancetime

Results


Second of Journey Distance [cm] Velocity [cm/s]

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Plot your results on the graph below (time on the x-axis, velocity on the y-axis)

Describe the motion of your trolley:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Calculate the distance travelled by your trolley using your graph

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Worksheet – Velocity-time graphs


Graph Checklist


AppropriateScale

Points Plotted

Line of BestFit

A. The following table represents the movement of a car:-

Velocity (m/s)

0 5 10 15 15 15 12 9 6 3 0

Time (seconds)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Draw a Velocity time graph (with time on the x-axis)

Use your graph to answer the following questions:

1. What is the acceleration of the car between 0 and 3 seconds?[Remember acceleration is equal to the change in velocity ÷ time]…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Between 3 and 5 seconds the car is still accelerating – true or false? Explain your answer.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. How would you describe the movement of the car between 5 and 10 seconds? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What distance does the car travel in the first 3 seconds?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. What distance does the car travel in the total journey?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. A racing car (at rest) accelerates uniformly from the starting grid on the race track and reaches a top velocity of 30 meters/second after 5 seconds. For the next 4


seconds the acceleration is 0 and finally the car decelerates (brakes) at 4meters/second/second for 5 seconds.

Draw a Velocity time graph (with time on the x-axis). If you are stuck, try marking what the velocity would be after each second!

Use your graph to answer the following questions:

1. What distance does the car travel in the first 5 seconds?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What is the velocity of the car after 7 seconds?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What is the velocity of the car after 14 seconds?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. If the car carried on decelerating at 4m/s2, how many more seconds would it take before it came to a stop?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. What is the acceleration in the first 5 seconds?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5: Acceleration and Distance Travelled


Learning Outcomes:

1. Identify the different variables in the equation:v2=u2+2as

2. Rearrange and use the equation:v2=u2+2as

3. Know that to use the above equation, the object must have a constant acceleration.

Knowledge and Understanding CheckUse your knowledge from the previous lesson to answer the questions below:

1. What is the acceleration of the object in the first 10 s?

……………

2. Describe the motion of the object at B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. How much distance did the object cover in the 30s journey?

……………

Using v2=u2+2as


Key Ideas

1. Final speed, initial speed, acceleration and displacement are linked by the following equation:v2=u2+2as

2. Displacement is the vector version of distance 3. Acceleration must be constant to use this equation.4. Make sure you are confident rearranging this equation.

Worked Examples

1. A cylinder containing Miss Jayne’s favourite herbal tea bags is dropped from a helicopter hovering 200m above the ground. The acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. Calculate the speed at which the cylinder will hit the ground.

2. A ball is thrown vertically upwards at 25 m/s. Gravity caused the ball to decelerate at 10 m/s2. Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

Worksheet – using v2=u2+2as



1. A car begins at a speed of 3m/s and accelerates at 2m/s2 over a distance of 40m, calculate the final speed of the car.

…………………..

2. A person begins moving after initially being stationary, the person accelerates at 0.5m/s2 over a distance of 9m, what is their final speed?

…………………..

3. A car starts from rest and accelerates at 2.5 m/s2 during which it covers a distance of 300 m. What is the final speed of the car?

…………………..

4. A train accelerates at 0.25 m/s2 It starts at 3 m/s and ends up at 7 m/s. How far does it travel during this time?

…………………..

5. A person who is initially stationary is eventually walking at a speed of 1.5m/s after an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2, calculate the distance it takes them to reach this speed.

…………………..

6. A car reaches a speed of 15m/s after an acceleration of 2m/s2 over a distance of 44m, calculate the initial speed.

…………………..

7. A motorbike reaches a speed of 20m/s over 60m, whilst accelerating at 3m/s2, determine the bike’s initial speed.

…………………..

8. A child travels down a slide, at the top the child is initially at rest, at the bottom the child is travelling at a speed of 3m/s, the child’s acceleration is 1m/s2, how long is the


slide?

…………………..9. A lorry pulls forward after initially being stationary, it takes the lorry 40m to reach a

speed of 8m/s, calculate the lorry’s acceleration.

…………………..10. A cyclist rides in a 1km downhill race. He passes the start line at a speed of 8 m/s

accelerates constantly at 0.8 m/s2 during the race. What speed does he cross the finish line?

…………………..11. An aeroplane starts from rest and accelerates to take off speed, which is 70 m/s. The

length of the runway is 2km and the ‘plane uses 80% of the runway’. What is the acceleration of the ‘plane?

…………………..12. A motorcyclist travels at a constant speed, but then suddenly accelerates at 2.2 m/s2.

During the acceleration time, the distance travelled is 120 m, and a final speed of 44 m/s is reached. What was the initial speed of the motorcycle before accelerating?

…………………..13. The space shuttle lands at a speed of 100 m/s, and decelerates to rest at 1.1 m/s2.

How far does the space shuttle take to come to rest? Give your answer in km

…………………..14. An electric car is travelling at 25 m/s. The driver sees the traffic lights, 130 m away,

turn red and decides to apply the brakes. The driver just stops before the line at the traffic lights. What is the acceleration of the car from applying the brakes, until stopping?

…………………..

6: Stopping Distances


Learning Outcomes:

1. Describe stopping distance as the sum of thinking distance and braking distance.2. Give factors that affect thinking distance and braking distance.3. Investigate the effects of different factors on braking and thinking distance.

Movement and Position Quick QuizUse your knowledge from the previous lesson to answer the questions below:

1. What does “s” stand for in the equationv2=u2+2as?

…………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

2. A car reaches a speed of 25m/s after an acceleration of 3m/s2 over a distance of 60m, calculate the initial speed.

…………… (3)

3. Use the ticker tape below to describe the motion of the trolley it was attached to:

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

4. What is the average speed of an object which travels 6km in 4 minutes?

……………(2)

Score [ /8]

Stopping Distances


Key Ideas

1. Stopping Distance = Thinking Distance + Braking Distance2. Factors affecting thinking distance include tiredness and consuming alcohol3. Factors affecting braking distance include brake/tyre condition, road surface, mass

and speed of car.

H4: Stopping Distances



I will be careful when handling masses

In this investigation you are going to investigate a factor that affects stopping distance.

You can choose from

1. Road Surface2. Mass3. Speed

Circle the factor you will be investigating. The other two variables must be kept as control variables.

Method

In the space below write a method for your investigation and sketch a quick apparatus diagram (use simple shapes – don’t draw 3D!)

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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6. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Apparatus Diagram:

You MUST get your method checked before starting.


Results

Results table should be drawn with a ruler in the space below:

Now plot your results in a graph below.

Will you need to use a Bar Chart or Line Graph? Explain your reasoning. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

What have you concluded from your investigation?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………


Graph Checklist


AppropriateScale

Points Plotted

Line of BestFit

Worksheet – Stopping Distances



(iii)

Stretch Worksheet – Real-Life Graphs

Which of the following graphs illustrate the description.


Stretch Worksheet – The SUVAT Equations

Use your MacBook and/or Textbooks to research the SUVAT Equations:

What are they? Why are they useful? When can be use them?

[Stuck: Try visiting the websites below to get you started!]

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http://physicsforidiots.com/physics/dynamics/

https://mattg99.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/suvat-equations-as-physics-revision/

http://alevelphysicsnotes.com/mechanics/deriving_equations_of_motion.html


http://alevelphysicsnotes.com/mechanics/deriving_equations_of_motion.html

https://mattg99.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/suvat-equations-as-physics-revision/

http://physicsforidiots.com/physics/dynamics/

Movement and Position

Past Paper Questions

Q1. A train travels 9 km from station A to station B.

It takes 15 minutes.

(a) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.

(1)

(ii) Calculate the average speed of the train and give its unit.

(3)


Average speed = ........................................................... unit ...........................................................

(iii) The maximum speed of the train must be higher than the value you havecalculated.

Explain why.

(2)

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(b) The train continues along a straight track from station B to station C.

The graph shows how the velocity of the train changes with time during this part ofthe journey.

(i) Use the graph to calculate the acceleration of the train, in m/s2, during the first100 seconds after it leaves station B.

(3)

Acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2

(ii) Use the graph to calculate the distance, in m, between station B and station C.

(3)

Distance = ........................................................... m

(Total for question = 12 marks)


Q2. A rabbit runs across the road in front of a car.

The driver applies the brakes.

State four factors that affect the chance of the rabbit escaping without being hit.

(4)

1

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2

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3

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4

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Q3. The diagram shows the driving force on a sports car as it moves along a race track.

(a) Name two forces that oppose the driving force.

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(b) Graph 1 shows how the velocity of the car changes with time.


Calculate the distance that the car travels in the first four seconds.

(3)

Distance = ........................................................... m

(d) As the car travels further along the track, its acceleration changes as shown in graph 2.


(i) Which feature of graph 2 shows that the acceleration changes?

(1)

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(ii) The acceleration changes even though the driving force does not change.

Suggest two possible reasons for this change in acceleration.

(2)

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Q4.

An aeroplane takes two minutes to travel the short distance between airports on twoislands.

The graph shows how the speed of the aeroplane changes as it

takes off flies across the sea lands on the other islandWhen it is flying across the sea, the aeroplane travels at a constant speed.

(a) Use the graph to answer the following questions.

(i) State the value of the constant speed.

(1)

speed ...................................... m/s

(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the aeroplane at the start of the journey and give


the unit.

(3)

acceleration = ...................................... unit ......................................

(iii) Calculate the total distance that the aeroplane travels.

(3)

distance = ...................................... m

(b) Each airport has a runway that is about 500 m long.

When it lands, the speed of the aeroplane is 40 m/s.

Explain why the airline should not use an aeroplane that has more mass andneeds a higher speed for landing.

(3)

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Q5.

A racing cyclist practises by riding around a track.

A student wants to find the average speed of the cyclist.

Describe a method that the student could use to find the average speed.

(5)

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Movement and Position

Spec Point Notes

Movement and Position Specification Notes

1.02 use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s) and newton/kilogram (N/kg)

1.03 plot and explain distance−time graphs


1.04 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time

taken:

Average speed = distance moved/time taken

s=dt

1.04 practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

e.g. determine the time taken for a toy car or ball to roll down a slope

Diagram


Distance

Start

Apparatus = stop watch and meter rule Mark the start and end positions for the known distance Use a meter rule to measure the distance Line up front of car with start point, release and start timer Move eyes to end point Stop timer when front of car passes end point Improve by repeating and averaging Make sure car starts from stationary If required to calculate average speed, use equation: average speed = dist / time

1.06 know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken:acceleration = change in velocity/time taken

a= v−ut

1.07 plot and explain velocity-time graphs

1.08 determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity−time graph

1.09 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity−time graph and the time axis


1.10 "use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved:

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2=u2+2as

1.11 describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction


1.13 understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities

1.14 understand that force is a vector quantity

Scalars are quantities that only have magnitude (size)

Vectors are quantities that have magnitude (size) and direction

1.19 know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking

distance and the braking distance

1.20 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road

condition and reaction time


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