Web 2.0 Technical Paper - Ankur Batla, Akshat Gupta, Kumar Priyanshu

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Title: NEW GENERATION WORLD WIDE WEB 2.0

Category: WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES

ID No: WEBT_1053

Team Members

ANKUR BATLA

AKSHAT GUPTA

KUMAR PRIYANSHU SRIVASTAVA

Student Paper Contest

Version 1.1_Draft | 24-Sep-07

Mindtree Consulting Limited www.mindtree.com

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Table of Contents

Abstract........................................................................................................................5 1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................6 1.1 Name of the Paper................................................................................................6 1.2 Classification.........................................................................................................6 1.3 Context..................................................................................................................6 2 A Quick run through WEB 2.0 .............................................................................7 2.1 RIA (Rich Internet Application) ..........................................................................10 2.2 SOA (Service Oriented Application) ...................................................................10 2.3 Social Web..........................................................................................................10 3 Support of WEB 2.0 ...........................................................................................10 3.1 AJAX Support ....................................................................................................10 3.2 Language with very good web service support ..................................................11 3.3 Social Web..........................................................................................................11 4 Some WEB 2.0 Applications...............................................................................11 4.1 New Exemplars of WEB 2.0 ...............................................................................12 5 Some WEB 2.0 Activities....................................................................................13 5.1 Bloging................................................................................................................13 5.2 RSS.....................................................................................................................14 5.3 Audio Bloging & Podcast ....................................................................................14 5.4 Tagging & Social Bookmarking ..........................................................................14 5.5 The Tag as a Qualifier of content .......................................................................15 5.6 User 2.0 ..............................................................................................................15 5.7 Bussiness 2.0 .....................................................................................................16 5.8 Travel 2.0 16 6 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................16 7 References .........................................................................................................18 8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................18

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Abstract Introduction:

Web 2.0 – isn’t software, hardware or a concept, rather is a common thought or an idea which is also an improved form of Web 1.0. The term has been in occasional use for several years, but now the concepts of RIA (Rich Internet Applications that includes Flash, Ajax etc), SOA (Service Oriented Architec-ture that includes feeds, RSS, web services and mashups) and Social Web (that includes tagging, wikis, podcast, blogging, vlogs etc) have put the world wide web into a renascence development.

Body:

The power of social networking through internet, in new delivery methods of information to user is creating information at outstanding rate. Web 2.0 is so-cially distributing web content, characterized by open communication, decen-tralization of authority, and categorized content with far more developed deep linking web architecture.

Web have become an advertising paradise with tools like google adsense that focuses advertising based on the content of the webpage, it is placed upon. It is a miracle journey from static websites to use of search engines & surfing from one website to next through more dynamic and interactive world wide web.

Perhaps in the coming future web will be less under the control of web de-signers, changing it as a democratic, personal, & ’do itself’ medium. A number of contents will be less likely to flow through email and more likely to be posted and distributed on an attractive web page or distributed by RSS feeds.

Conclusion:

Web 2.0 is seen as second phase of architectural & application development of world wide web. Along with dynamic evolution of web sites, web 2.0 is also responsible for their social development leading to an independent kind of web for modern world & will be catalyzing incredible information sharing , col-laboration & innovation .

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1 Introduction

1.1 Name of the Paper

New Generation World Wide Web 2.0

1.2 Classification

Web 2.0 Technologies

1.3 Context

Globally speaking, Web 2.0 describes a second generation of Web sites, based on simple functions that facilitate participation and accessibility, and therefore centre around the most active users. Looking further, the term seems hard to define in that it covers such a variety of different aspects.

From a technical point of view, Web 2.0 is not in fact a disruption in the way that the first Web generation was, but rather revolves around a series of inno-vations that keep appearing. Besides, the Web 2.0 phenomenon goes hand in hand with economic models that are not yet stabilised and that complicates the reading thereof. It is exactly this heterogeneousness of causes and ori-gins that makes the movement so hard to define. A few key concepts could nevertheless help to define it:

Internauts getting more involved

The tools of Web 2.0 do not radically break away from those normally used on the Internet. For instance, portals already exist, but they now become much more flexible and configurable by the users themselves. Aggregators are appearing on the scene that enable everyone easily to put together their own portal. Along the same line of “customizing”, we could mention widgets or plug-ins, micro-applications that auto-execute on the user’s computer and that are sometimes fed through RSS flows (see paragraph on this subject). These applications could be used together with the browser to give for instance an automatic price comparison, visible in a small window when the user looks at a vendor site.

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2 A quick run through web 2.0

Everyone had heard of things like blogging, mashups ,Ajax and had used applications like You Tube, fliker and a lot of sites, but still even after using so much of web 2.0 applications there is something missing in the explanation. Web 2.0 presages a freeing of data, allowing it to be exposed, discovered and manipulated in a variety of ways distinct from the purpose of the applica-tion originally used to gain access.

-Web 2.0 permits the building of virtual applications, drawing data and functionality from a number of different sources as appropriate. These applications tend to be small, they tend to be relatively rapid to deploy, and they bring power that was previously the preserve of corporations within the reach of suitably motivated individuals.

- Web 2.0 is participative. The traditional web has tended to be somewhat one-sided, with a flow of content from provider to viewer. Figures from the Pew last year suggested that 44% of internet-using American adults had actively participated online, by blogging, sharing files, or equivalent. With Web 2.0, that percentage will rise, and participation will become a more pervasive aspect of online lives.

- Web 2.0 applications work for the user, and are able to locate and assemble content that meets the needs as users, rather than forcing to conform to the paths laid out by content owners or their intermediaries.

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- Web 2.0 applications are modular, with developers and users able to pick and choose from a set of interoperating components in order to build something that meets their needs.

- Web 2.0 is about sharing; code, content, ideas.

-Web 2.0 is about communication and facilitating community. People communicate. The web facilitated that to a degree, but presented a barrier that hindered the back-and-forth of true commu-nication.

-Web 2.0 is about remix. Jumping from one area of the web to another, struggling with different interfaces, ignoring endless ads, and wading through uninteresting content on a site in order to locate the service, document, or snippet that meets the needs. Increasingly, unambiguously reference and call upon the service, document or snippet that all require, incorporating it into something new that is both the original contributors'.

-Web 2.0 is smart. Applications will be able to use knowledge of users, where they have been and what they are doing to deliver services that meet the needs. Amazon's recommendation engines are only the beginning, and there is more work to be done allaying fears of intrusion and loss of privacy. Amazon has data, libraries have data. Everyone has data. There is real potential to do some wonderful things with it, provided that appropriate safeguards are developed and implemented. 'Smart' spam is still spam.

- Web 2.0 is built upon Trust, whether that be trust placed in individuals, in assertions, or in the uses and reuses of data.

- Web 2.0 opens up the Long Tail, making it increasingly cost-effective to service the interests of large numbers of relatively small groups of individuals, and to enable them to benefit from key pieces of the platform while fulfilling their own needs.

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

DoubleClick --> Google AdSense Ofoto --> Flickr

Akamai --> BitTorrent mp3.com --> Napster

Britannica Online --> Wikipedia personal websites --> Blogging

evite --> upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculation --> search engine optimization

page views --> cost per click screen scraping --> web services

publishing --> Participation content management sys-

tems --> ikis

directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy") stickiness --> Syndication

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2.1 RIA (Rich Internet Application)

The first part of web 2.0 is RIA , some buzzwords related to that are flash & ajax. All rich internet applications are relly how do users bring the experience from the desktop to the browser . Whether it is a graphical point of view or a form usability point of view such as drag and drop which every one is used to.

2.2 SOA (Service oriented Application)

This is the second part and one of the key features of web 2.0 . it include buzzwords such as feeds , rss, web services and mashups. The soa is all about how do web 2.0 applications expose the functionality so that other ap-plication can integrate the functionality providing a much richer set of appli-caton including mashups.

2.3 Social Web

The third piece of web 2.0 is social web .The web 2.0 applications tends to in-teract much much more with the end user . the end user is not only the user of application but he is a participant , whether it is by tagging or he is contribut-ing to the wiki or he is pod casting or blogging. The end user is an integral part of the data of the application to levage the using edge.

3 Support for web 2.0

The very three things you should be looking for web 2.0 are

3.1 Ajax support

Ajax is a set of key technologies used to build web 2.0 applications . It is used to create the rich user experience and it works in any browser. One ingredient of its meaning is certainly Ajax, which can still only just bear to use without scare quotes. Basically, what "Ajax" means is "Javascript now works." And that in turn means that web-based applications can now be made to work much more like desktop ones.

Specifically, AJAX (an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML ) is a term that refers to JavaScript, XML, HTML, and CSS used in conjunction to develop interactive Web applications. AJAX does not change the Web itself, but rather how programmers present the data to users.

With traditional Web applications, when a user clicks something, the action triggers a request to a Web server, which renders the page in the user's browser. The user must then wait for the page to load while an hourglass or a blank Web page indicates that the request is being processed. Each

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action a user performs results in lag time. In an AJAX-driven Web application, when a user performs an action -- say, clicking a map -- the results are immediate, so there's virtually no waiting time.

3.2 Languages with very good web services support

Web services are a key part of web 2.0 and a language can make it very easy to lev-erage those services. It means one can very easily add features and get those appli-cations updated .it is a critical when an application is used by so many end user and we have to constantly update it.

4 Some web 2.0 applications

Google provides many characteristic Web 2.0 services: Blogger, Adsense, Maps, Search, Base, Gmail, GTalk, Reader, Statistics. Each of these services either exploit the read/write Web or the Web as Platform.

Nearly all of the services that Yahoo provides leverage Web 2.0 principles: Mail, Music Downloads, Movie Recommendations, Shopping, Maps, Local. Yahoo recently acquired both Flickr and Del.icio.us.

A wiki is computer software that allows users to easily create, edit and link web pages. Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites, power community websites, and are increasingly being installed by businesses to provide affordable and effective Intranets."The simplest online database that could

possibly work". One of the best-known wikis is Wikipedia.

Amazon's Affiliates program, Reviews, People Who Bought and wish list sharing were early and influential Web 2.0 ser-vices. Their new Mechanical Turk service is another Web 2.0 gem.

A phrase coined in 2004 by O’Reilly Media Group; refers to a perceived or proposed second generation of Internet-based services such as Social Networking sites, Wikis etc - that emphasize Online Collaboration & sharing among users

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eBay provides many buyer and seller services that aim for greater participation. Their API is one of the most successful, and the net-work effects they enjoy from their large user base are unrivaled.

4.1 New exemplars of web 2.0

New companies and services embracing the principles of Web 2.0.These companies are by no means an exhaustive list, but are leading the pack. They provide popular software and ser-vices that have proved their worth among the competition.

Orkut is an online community where users are connected through a social network , and are allowed to share scraps

,photos ,videos, and share lot of informations about one self and even users are free to create communities and circulate any

relevant informations.

Flickr is a fast-growing photosharing service that provides an collaborative user interface as well as a powerful API to it's content. (Recently acquired by Yahoo!)

Del.icio.us

Del.icio.us is a popular social bookmarking service. Joshua Schacter, the founder, characterizes his service as a way to remember things. (Recently acquired by Yahoo!)

Jotspot provides several services: Jotspot - the Application Wiki, which allows users to create and share wiki-like web ages. JotLive - a live group note-taking application.

37Signals provides several services: Basecamp - a project collabo-ration tool and Backpack - a collaborative tool to create sharable web pages.

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Digg is a content aggregation service. It provides a mecha-nism for its many users to "digg" a piece of content, and aggregates them like votes to bubble up the most popular content to its widely-viewed pages. In this way Digg culls the actions of its users to provide value.

Writely is a web-based service that allows for the creation and sharing of documents in a sophisticated word-processor-like interface.

Feedburner is an RSS publishing service. Sites can direct their readers to a feed at Feedburner instead of hosting it themselves, taking advantage of Feedburner's advanced tracking capabilities to provide insight into who is reading your feed.

5 Some 2.0 activities

5.1 Blogging

Every non-profit company has stories to tell, whether the stories are about people who receive services from programs, volunteer experiences, or ways others are impacted by the work. One way to get those stories out to the world is to publish them on a blog “Web logs", Blogs are online journals created by an individual or an organization and cover topics ranging from human rights to fashion -- and everything in between.

Blogs are a great example of how emerging voices are not only being heard but ampli-fied. By reading and discussing each other's posts, bloggers form a massive network

that is able to exert pressure on national media and, increasingly, on policy makers as well.

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Blog postings, typically updated daily, can include images, photos, links, video, audio, or simple text. The postings are archived by date and sometimes by category or by author. Permanent links, or "permalinks," allow other bloggers and Web site owners to link directly to a specific post on blog and encourage inter-blog dialog.

5.2 RSS

Imagine having the latest headlines and updates from one’s favourite Web sites delivered to your desktop without even having to open your Web browser or visit any Web sites. Better yet, imagine having the latest information from one Web site delivered to your supporters and constituents without having to send an e-mail or a newsletter. With Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds, this is easy to do -- and it won't cost you a thing. It's very expensive to create original content on a regular basis, but setting up a series of RSS feeds on a particular topic can pump useful content onto your organization's Web site for free.

RSS flows: a new way of looking at sites notification and update techniques such as RSS (Really Simple Syndication) flows, users can subscribe to their favourite news streams or blogs and be notified when new contents go online, which they can then look at when it suits them.

5.3 Audio blogging and pod cast

RSS flows can also notify users of the publication of audio contents. As soon as these become available, subscribers to the RSS flow on these sites are notified and can download them

. .

5.4 Tagging and social bookmarking

Portals and publications don't always classify information in the same way their readers would. But tagging any information submitted on the Internet -- or any information that one find on the Internet -- with simple keywords, so that one could find it again? And what if one could search for information that other people had tagged with the same keyword? That's where tagging comes in handy.

Tags can help one organize and find URLs (with the help of social bookmarking tools like (techno-crati.com), photos (with applications like flickr), and ideas or projects (like on the 43 things Web site). Tags can also be a great way to draw attention to the posts and bring others to blog or Web site.

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The real value in tagging is that a community of like-minded people is helping to sort and classify information. Tagging projects are constantly emerging to help gather information and share knowl-edge. For example, whereas "kids" might be too vague, "healthy kids" is better; it's less likely to be used randomly by people who don't share the goals, and anyone can really own it.

"By allowing people to share information effectively, tags create and support a growing number of online communities. And by bringing communities together around common interests, tags add value to the information those communities gather," stated Alexandra Samuel in a Toronto Star article about the Web 2.0 tool.

5.5 The tag as a qualifier of content

An element common to all these tools is the use of tags or keywords, chosen by the users them-selves to designate an article, a blog post, a site, an image, etc. The "tagging" phenomenon has led to the creation of a new form of taxonomy called "folksonomy". This collective intelligence perfectly sums up the spirit of Web 2.0, where cooperation between Internauts leads to the creation of content. The most representative example of tagging is the site del.icio.us .The use of tags brings up another key bit of Web 2.0: building a site on user-generated content. Online participation isn’t a new phenomenon; virtual communities have been around since electronic bulletin board services first became popular in the mid-1980s, and companies like CompuServe built their entire business around user-created and -maintained discussion forums. That’s certainly true of the myriad photo-sharing sites, for example; without people uploading ‘me and my dog’ pictures, there’s nothing at all to look at.

A tag is simply a word used to describe a bookmark. Unlike folders, one need them and can use as many times one like. The result is a better way to organize your bookmarks and a great way to discover interesting things on the Web.

Tags can be unreliable too As with anything else search-related, however, tags aren’t perfect, as they rely on users choosing keywords that others will recognize. Should someone clicking on a San Francisco tag automatically be shown the Golden Gate Bridge tagged item? That’s just one example of the wisdom still to be developed.

5.6 User 2.0

Web 2.0 enhance the way that people interact with one another and with their computer systems. Web 2.0 sites make it easier for people to connect and to learn from one another. Entertainment stuff like movie reviews or for important business-changing decisions, the advantage is that people can work and play better, and

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collectively can make more intelligent decisions.

In this new generation web, RIA are actually acting as Softwares –as-a-service (whether written for in-house use or acquired from a service vendor, these technologies can make it easier to upgrade and maintain applications, to deal with security issues, and to take advantage of the service-oriented architecture capabilities in which your company has invested. The developers can build applications that rely on publicly available Web services, treating the Internet like a planetary operating system.)

5.7 Buisness 2.0

Web 2.0 is important if one is building yet another website to share digital photos, create business-to-consumer online resources, such as a hotel reservation site in which the user can dynamically change search criteria, and which encourages user-generated content such as hotel reviews. However, Web 2.0 is equally important in business-to-business IT. For businesses, Web 2.0 often becomes intertwined with SOA and other Web services technologies. The key is to tie the flexibility of Web 2.0 to the service-oriented principles of loose coupling, encapsulation and code reuse.

5.8 Travel 2.0

This spells benefit for travelling corporations. After all, the drivers that make Web 2.0 compelling to consumers — such as its ability to provide contex-tualized, global information, and to use community and social connections to improve communication — are equally important in a business context.

Infact travel market is in a boom due to travel 2.0 concept, as travelling ,making plans for trips either business or for recreation is quiet easy and convenient .

6 Conclusion

Web 2.0 is an improved form of World Wide Web .Technically, Web 2.0 is not in fact an eruption in the way that the first Web generation was, but rather revolves around a series of innovations that keep appearing. A ‘true’ Web 2.0 application — whatever that is — would be indistinguishable from a desktop application. WEB 2.0—Event if the term reflects familiar version number, so often attached to

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software products, it doesn't actually refer to any one technology. Rather, Web 2.0 is the nick name for an emerging set of Internet-based tools and an emerging philosophy on how to use them.

The old "Web 1.0" methodology, in which news was provided by a handful of large corporations, Web pages were static and rarely updated, and only a tech-nocrat could contribute to the development of the World Wide Web, but web 2.0 is based on information from user site, it offers really dynamic and easy web de-velopment. Infact it is a miracle way from static web pages to the use of search engines. Web is loosing out from the hands of web designers to the hands of user. Web 2.0 is a term referring to the ongoing transition to a full participatory Web, with participation including both humans and machines. Web 2.0 is charac-terized two types of themes:

The Read/Write Web: In which the Web is seen as a two-way medium, where people are both readers and writers. The main catalyst for this is social software, allowing communication and collaboration between two or more people.

Borderline between the hype and the promise(Term Vs its Meaning) One of the first barriers is the term itself. Some old-timers in the industry con-sider the name ‘Web 2.0’ a bit presumptuous. On one hand, the cynics argue, wasn’t the real distinction in the Web’s evolution the point where content and presentation were separated — otherwise known as cascading style sheets (CSS)? Still, Web 2.0 means something, although what it is can be hard to quantify. Ac-cording to O’Reilly: A lot of people are wrapping themselves in the Web 2.0 man-tle today, and a lot of them don’t understand it. For example, if someone says that they were working with JavaScript and XML (i.e. Ajax), that doesn’t mean that they were working with Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is about harnessing the Internet as a platform, using network effects to make your application get better the more people use it. Whatever else Web 2.0 is, it’s clearly the next stage in what we can do with tech-nology Web 2.0 tools are important, but their impact goes much deeper than their novelty might suggest. Individuals and organizations alike are finding new and in-creasingly effective ways of connecting through Web 2.0 technology. This is the human side of this technical transformation. From huge enterprises to even the smallest organizations, all have a story to share and voices to amplify. Web 2.0 can help you be heard.

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7 References

1.Dave Crane, Eric Pascarello, Darren James, "AJAX in Action,"

2.Will Richardson ,” Blogs,Wikis,Podcast And Other Powerful Web Tools For Class-room”

3.Ben Hammersley ,”Content Syndicate with RSS”

4.Michael W.Geoghegab,Dan Klass ,”Podcast Solution: The Complete Guide to Pod-casting”

Reference Description

www.google.com Searched for contents & related web sites

www.altavast.com Searched for contents & related web sites

www.wikipedia.com Searched for the understanding of concept

8 Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Mr. Mayank Kaushal for his kind support in our research work.

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Web 2.0 Technical Paper - Ankur Batla, Akshat Gupta, Kumar Priyanshu

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