1. WORK EXPERIENCE PROJECT CONVECTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

2. Project Overview CONCEPT MAP SOURCES OF ENERGY CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF ENERGY 3. Current Status :CONCEPT MAP 4. SOURCES OF ENERGY A source of energy is one which has the capability to provide useful energy. Coal, petroleum are all important sources of energy. In this picture you can see light house. To run this or any electrical device we use electricity and Electricity is obtained by Sources of energy. 5. A good source of energy . 1. A good sources of energy would be one whichwould do a large amount of work per unit volume or mass.2. It should be easily available. 3.It should be easy to store and transport. 4.It should be perhaps most importantly ,be 6. RENEABLENONRENEWABLEFOSSIL FUELSTYPES OF ENERGY :LIKE SOLAR ,THERMAL, ETC 7. CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF ENERGY . 8. RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY1.It is the source of energy which can berenewed again and again within a relatively short period of time. 2.It is also known as nonexhaustible source of energy. 3.Solar energy ,wind energy , hydroelectric energy , tidal energy are some of the examples of renewable source of energy 9. NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY It is the source of energy which cannot be renewed again and again in a relatively short period of time . It is also known as exhaustible source of energy. Natural gas, petroleum oil and coal are some of the examples of Non-Renewable source of energy. 10. Fossil fuels :The fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. They are found embedded inside the earth's crust which was formed millions of years ago. Fossils fuels are the major fuels used for generating Electricity. Examples of fossil fuel are coal, natural gas and petroleum.DISADVANTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS : B u rni ng of c oa l or pe t r ol e um pr oduc t c a u s e s a i r -p o l l u t i o n . The y ox i de s of c a r bon, ni t r oge n a nd s ul phur t ha t a r e r e l e a s e d on bur ni ng f os s i l f ue l s a r e a c i di c ox i de s . The s e l e a d t o a c i d r a i n w h i c h a f f e c t s o u r wa t e r a n d s o i l r e s o u r c e s . 11. THERMAL POWER PLANT . It is an industrial plant where fossils fuels are burnt to produce heat energy which is converted into electrical energy for commercial use. The main advantage is that the transmission of electricity is more efficient than transporting coal or petroleum over the same distance . Therefore, many thermal power plants are set up near coal or oil fields. 12. into electrical energy. The electricity produced in it is called hydroelectricity. 2. hydro power plants convert the potential energy of falling water into electricity. Since there are very few water falls which could be used as a source of potential energy, hydro power plants are associated with dams. its a renewable source of energy.DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRICITY- The dams can beconstructed only in a limited number of places, preferably in hilly terrains. large areas of agriculture land and human habitation are affected as a large area gets submerged. It creates the problem of satisfactory rehabilitation of displaced people . 13. Since these fuels are plant and animal products, the source of these fuels is said to be bio-mass. These fuels, however, do not produce much heat on burning and a lot of smoke is given out when they are burnt. KINDS OF BIOMASS AS A FUEL CHARCOAL :-IT BURNS WITHOUT FLAMES .IT ISCOMPARATIVELY SMOKELESS. IT HAS A HIGHER HEAT GENERATION EFFICIENCY.IT IS A LIGHT AND A COMPACT FUEL AND IS EASY TO HANDLE. 14. Bio Mass : It is a mixture of gases obtained by anaerobicdegradation of biomass. It contains about 75%methane. The other gases include carbon dioxide with traces of other gases like hydrogen sulphide. Various plant materials like the residue after harvesting the crops, vegetable waste and sewage are decomposed in the absence of oxygen to give bio gas. Since the starting material is mainly cow-dung, it is popularly known as gobar-gas . Biomass gasification (basic process chemistry):- Conversion of solid fuels into combustion gas mixture called producer gas (CO+H2+CH4). Involves partial combustion of biomass. Four distinct process in the gasifier viz: 1-drying, 2pyrolysis, 3-combustion ,4- reduction 15. BIO-GAS POWER PLANT. The plant has a dome like structure built with bricks. Slurry of a cow-dung and water is mixed in the mixing tank from where it is fed into the digester. The digester is a sealed chamber in which there is oxygen. It takes a few days for the decomposition process to be completed and generate gases like methane, CO2, H2, etc The bio-gas is stored in the gas tank above the digester from which they are drawn through pipes for use. 16. ADVANTAGE OF BIO-GAS PLANT. Bio-gas produced burns without smoke, leaves no residue like ash in wood. Its heating capacity is high. Bio-gas is also used for lighting. Left behind from the plant is removed periodically and used as excellent manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous. The large scale utilization of bio waste and sewage material provides a safe and efficient method of waste disposal besides supplying energy and manures. 17. WIND ENERGY. Wind power does not contributes to global warming and produce no air pollution. Wind is the name given to air that moves horizontally over the earth, while air moving vertically are called currents. For about 5,000 years used wind energy to sail ships on the Nile river later wind mills were built to grind wheat and other grains. 18. pollution and has less energy cost. There is no need of a fuel and hence has no waste products. Wind energy is an environmentfriendly and efficient source of renewable energy. It requires no recurring expenses for the production of electricity. Noise DISADVANTAGES OF WIND MILLS. to avoid Hurricanes-blades must be collapsed or at least turned off damage. Birds-old designs can be injurious. Marine mammals and fish-noise and vibration disturbance; effects, if any are not known. The wind should also be higher than 15 km/h to maintain the required speed of turbine. 19. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WINDMILL 20. SOLAR POWER (A BRIEF HISTORY) 13TH century: Ancestors of the Pueblo people knows as the Anasazi builds south-facing cliff dwellings that capture the warmth of the winter sun. 1954- Chapin, Fuller and Pearson at Bell Telephone Laboratories develop the first Silicon photovoltaic (PV). It's the first solar cell capable of generating enough power from the sun to run everyday electrical equipment. 1993- First grid supported PV system in Kerman, CA. this 500Kw system is the first distributed power pv installation. 1998-Subhendu Guha invents the flexible solar shingle. 21. * SOLARPOWER: HOW SOLOR WORKS* below : the light from the sun penetrate and randomly strike the silicon atoms. The atom becomes ionized, passing energy to the outer electron, thereby allowing the outer electron to break free from the atom . An electric current is created.* Solar cells are used to change the energy in sunlight into electricity- 1.in this no generator is needed. 2.needs lot of sunlight. 22. ADVANTAGE OF SOLAR CELLS :1ST SOLOR CELLS HAVE NO MOVING PARTS, REQUIRE LITTLE MAINTENANCE AND WORK QUITE SATISFACTORITY WITHOUT THE USE OF ANY FOCUSSING DEVICE. 2.THEY CAN BE SET UP IN REMOTE AND INACCESSIBLE HAMLETS OR VERY SPARSELY INHABITED AREAS IN WHICH LAYING OF A POWER TRANSMISSION LINE MAY BE EXPENSIVE AND NOT COMMERCIALLY VIABLE. 23. DISADVANTAGE OF SOLAR CELLS :1ST SILICON, WHICH IS USED FOR MAKING SOLAR CELLS, IS ABUNDANT IN NATURE BUT AVAILABILITY OF THE SPECIAL GRADE FOR MAKING SOLAR CELLS IS LIMITED. THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE IS STILL VERY EXPENSIVE, SILVER USED FOR INTERCONNECTION OF THE CELLS IN THE PANEL FURTHER ADDS TO THE COST.