We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)
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Transcript of We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)
![Page 1: We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a2eeeb4c90526578b5152/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
We are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs
Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E.Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
(OTREC)
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Overview
• Introduction• Traffic Monitoring Programs• Non-Motorized Count Programs• Conclusions & Recommendations
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INTRODUCTION
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Why measure walking & biking?
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Why measure walking & biking?
If we don’t count it, it doesn’t count.
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Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions• To show change over time• Facility design• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
• Economic impact• Public health• Safety
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How many bike and walk?
• Surveys– National– Regional– Local
• Counts– Permanent– Short duration
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What good are counts?
• Funding!• Facility Level– Change Over Time– Planning and Design– Safety Analysis
• Validate Regional Models• Prioritize Projects• Bicycle Miles Traveled
(BMT)
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Signal Timing
Vehicle Delay
Kothuri, S. M., Reynolds, T., Monsere, C. M., & Koonce, P. (2013). Testing Strategies to Reduce Pedestrian Delay at Signalized Intersections. A Pilot Study in Portland, OR. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
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Signal Timing
Vehicle Delay
Kothuri, S. M., Reynolds, T., Monsere, C. M., & Koonce, P. (2013). Testing Strategies to Reduce Pedestrian Delay at Signalized Intersections. A Pilot Study in Portland, OR. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Pedestrian
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What?
People actually bike here?
Yes! 200 per day
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What? People actually walk here?
Yes!
400 per day
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TRAFFIC MONITORINGPROGRAMS
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State Traffic Monitoring
Metro Count Accessed 6/13/13 http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805
Commonly inductive loops
Permanent Counters
Short Duration CountersCommonly pneumatic tubes
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Colorado’s Permanent Counters
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Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
PERMANENT COUNT
PROGRAM
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Colorado’s Short Duration Traffic Counts
CDOT OTIS Accessed 6/18/13 http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/Otis/HighwayData#/ui/0/1/criteria/~/184.667/210.864
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AADT
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
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AADT
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
APPLY FACTORS
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
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AADT
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
APPLY FACTORS
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
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AADT
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
APPLY FACTORS
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
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Use AADT to Estimate VMT
Sum (AADT X Segment Length) over network to compute Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
COLORADO HIGHWAYS
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Can we apply these methods to biking and
walking?
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AADB: Annual Average Daily Bicyclists
AADT for bicyclists!
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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013:
Chapter 4 for Non-motorized Traffic
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NON-MOTORIZED COUNT PROGRAMS
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The TMG 2013 Approach
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The TMG 2013 Approach
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National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project
Manual Counts: 2 hours 5 to 7pm Tues, Wed, or Thurs in mid-September
http://bikepeddocumentation.org/
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Passive Infrared Counters
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Inductive loop counters in bike lanes
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Combined Bicycle and Pedestrian Continuous Counter
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Permanent Counters• Pedestrian
• Bicycle
InfraredVideo Image Recognition
Radar
Pressure Sensor
Inductive Loop Video Detection
Video Image Recognition
Microwave
Magnetometers
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The TMG 2013 Approach
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Permanent Count
Program
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Permanent Count
Program
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Geographic/Climate Zones
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Urban vs. Rural
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Annual Average Daily Bicyclists (AADB)
Volume Categories
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
AADB
Conti
nuou
s Co
unt S
tatio
ns Medium
High
600
200
Low
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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
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Permanent Count
Program
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Daily Patterns
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesd
ay
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
% o
f AAD
B
Colorado Example (Bikes only)
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Hourly Commute Pattern
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
% o
f AAD
B
City of Boulder Example (Bikes only)
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Hourly Non-commute Pattern
0:001:00
2:003:00
4:005:00
6:007:00
8:009:00
10:0011:00
12:0013:00
14:0015:00
16:0017:00
18:0019:00
20:0021:00
22:0023:00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Ave
rage
Hou
rly
Volu
me
Source: Pam Johnson, PSU
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Permanent Count
Program
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12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns
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12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
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12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
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12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
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12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
![Page 51: We Are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs (4-14)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a2eeeb4c90526578b5152/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
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CommuteCommute
Urban PlainsNon-commuteUrban Plains
Non-commute
Mountain Non-commute
Mountain Non-commuteHigher
Week-ends?
Higher Week-ends?
Rural Mtn Trail?
Rural Mtn Trail?
Weekly PatternWeekly Pattern
LocationLocation
YesYes
NoNo
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Permanent Count
Program
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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor
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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor
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Monthly Factor
M = AADBMADB
whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
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Monthly Factor
M = AADBMADB
whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
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Monthly Factor
M = AADBMADB
whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
= 0.5
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Monthly Factor
M = AADBMADB
whereMADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
= 0.5
Daily counts in June are twice AADB.
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Groups:Mountain
Non-Commute
Front Range Non-
Commute CommuteJanuary 3.9 1.5
February 3.2 2.0March 1.3 1.2April 2.2 1.1 1.1May 1.0 0.8 0.9June 0.5 0.8 0.7July 0.4 0.8 0.8
August 0.5 0.7 0.7September 0.7 0.8 0.8
October 1.7 1.0 1.0November 1.5 1.4December 2.5 2.3
Colorado Monthly Factors
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Permanent Count
Program
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How many counters/group?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Non-Commute Factors
Commute Counters
Average
Number of Counters
Prec
isio
n of
Mon
thly
Fac
tors
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Permanent Count
Program
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The TMG 2013 Approach
Time
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The TMG 2013 Approach
Time
Space
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The TMG 2013 Approach
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Short Duration
Count Program
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Short Duration
Count Program
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Turning Movement Counts
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Segment Count
A
B
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Short Duration Counters• Pedestrian
• BicycleInfraredManual
Manual Pneumatic Tube Counters
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Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
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Short Duration
Count Program
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Potential Selection Criteria
• Variety of facility types
Path On-street
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Potential Selection Criteria
• Variety of land uses– Central business district
– Residential
– School/University
• Technology related criteria
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Short Duration
Count Program
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Count Duration
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Count Duration (hours)
% E
rror
of A
AD
B Es
timat
es
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Count Duration
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Count Duration (hours)
% E
rror
of A
AD
B Es
timat
es
1 week
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Short Duration
Count Program
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Schedule Counts
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Month
Abso
lute
% E
rror
in A
ADB
Estim
ates
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Schedule Counts
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Month
Abso
lute
% E
rror
in A
ADT
Estim
ate
May to October bestfor Midwestern Climate
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The TMG 2013 Approach
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Factoring MethodAdapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily FactorM = Monthly Factor
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AADB
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VMT for
bicycles
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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
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Summary
• Traffic Monitoring Guide Approach:– Permanent Count
Program– Short Duration Count
Program– Compute AADT for Bikes
and Pedestrians
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Recommendations
• Both permanent and short duration count programs are needed.
• Continuous counters are needed! • Prefer 1 week short count • Short duration counts in high volume months– May to October (Midwestern climates)
• Integrate bike/ped counts into traffic data for preservation and access
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Balance Permanent and Short Duration Programs
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
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Iterative Process
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Iterative Process
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Example
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1st Year
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
1 Permanent Counter 20 Manual Count Sites
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2nd Year
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
1 Permanent Counter 12 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)
Rotate 1 counter all summer
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3rd Year
PERMANENT COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
5 Permanent Counters 24 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)
Rotate 2 counters all summer
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4th Year
PERMANENT COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM
6 Permanent Counters 60 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site + transfer time)
Rotate 5 counters all summer
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10th Year
PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM
14 Permanent Counters 360 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site) on 3 year rotation
Rotate 10 counters all summer on 3 year rotation
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On-going Work• Colorado, Vermont, Minnesota, Oregon, North Carolina,
Washington State DOT’s are developing programs.• TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee https://
sites.google.com/site/bikepeddata/home
• FHWA to include bike/ped counts in Travel Monitoring Analysis System (TMAS)
• NCHRP 07-19: Bike/Ped Data Methods & Technologies• Google Group for future discussion!• OTREC’s Bike/Ped Data Archive
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TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee
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Questions?Krista Nordback
Guide to Bicycle & Pedestrian Count Programshttp://www.pdx.edu/ibpi/count