Wave Energy Technology. Why explore wave power in Hawai‘i? Wave Energy Levels (kW/m of Wave Front)...
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Transcript of Wave Energy Technology. Why explore wave power in Hawai‘i? Wave Energy Levels (kW/m of Wave Front)...
Wave Energy
Technology
Wave Energy
Technology Ka Hana ‘Imi Na‘auao – A Science Careers Curriculum Resource Go to: www.cds.hawaii.edu/kahana Ka Hana ‘Imi Na‘auao – A Science Careers Curriculum Resource Go to: www.cds.hawaii.edu/kahana
Why explore wave power in Hawai‘i?Why explore wave power in Hawai‘i?
Wave Energy Levels (kW/m of Wave Front)Formula used to calculate this Power (in kW/m) = k H² T ~ 0.5 H² T
k = constant, H = wave height (crest to trough) in meters, and T = wave period (crest to crest) in seconds
Wave Energy Levels (kW/m of Wave Front)Formula used to calculate this Power (in kW/m) = k H² T ~ 0.5 H² T
k = constant, H = wave height (crest to trough) in meters, and T = wave period (crest to crest) in seconds
OverviewOverview
What is wave power? Wave energy
conversion systems (WECS)
Types of energy Physics of water power Benefits &
Challenges Wave Energy
Technology (WET) in Hawai‘i
What is wave power? Wave energy
conversion systems (WECS)
Types of energy Physics of water power Benefits &
Challenges Wave Energy
Technology (WET) in Hawai‘i
PowerBuoy
What is Wave Power?What is Wave Power?Wave power is the ________ of ocean surface
waves and the capture of that energy to do useful _______ - including electricity generation, desalination and the pumping of water.
Wave power is a form of __________ energy. Tidal power and ocean currents are other sources of ocean hydro-electric power.
Wave power is the ________ of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful _______ - including electricity generation, desalination and the pumping of water.
Wave power is a form of __________ energy. Tidal power and ocean currents are other sources of ocean hydro-electric power.
energy
work
renewable
Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
1. Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)
- generate electricity from the wave-driven rise and fall of water in a cylindrical shaft. The rising and falling water column drives air into and out of the top of the shaft, powering an air-driven turbine.
1. Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)
- generate electricity from the wave-driven rise and fall of water in a cylindrical shaft. The rising and falling water column drives air into and out of the top of the shaft, powering an air-driven turbine.
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Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
2. Wave Surge or Focusing Devices
- These shoreline devices, also called "tapered channel" or "TAPCHAN" systems, rely on a shore-mounted structure to channel and concentrate the waves, driving them into an elevated reservoir. Water flow out of this reservoir is used to generate electricity, using standard hydropower technologies.
2. Wave Surge or Focusing Devices
- These shoreline devices, also called "tapered channel" or "TAPCHAN" systems, rely on a shore-mounted structure to channel and concentrate the waves, driving them into an elevated reservoir. Water flow out of this reservoir is used to generate electricity, using standard hydropower technologies.
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Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS)
3. Floats or Pitching Devices - These devices generate electricity from the bobbing or pitching action of a floating object. The object can be mounted to a floating raft or to a device fixed on the ocean floor.
3. Floats or Pitching Devices - These devices generate electricity from the bobbing or pitching action of a floating object. The object can be mounted to a floating raft or to a device fixed on the ocean floor.
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Archimedes Wave Swing
Which is it?1.Oscillating Water column?
2.Wave Surge/Focuser? 3. Float/Pitch Device?
Which is it?1.Oscillating Water column?
2.Wave Surge/Focuser? 3. Float/Pitch Device?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Which is it?1.Oscillating Water column?
2.Wave Surge/Focuser? 3. Float/Pitch Device?
Which is it?1.Oscillating Water column?
2.Wave Surge/Focuser? 3. Float/Pitch Device?
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Wavegen created the “Limpet” … the world’s 1st wave power station. It is in Islay, Scotland.
Wavegen created the “Limpet” … the world’s 1st wave power station. It is in Islay, Scotland.
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Which system are
these devices?
Which system are
these devices?
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WaveRoller
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Pelamis
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Salter Duck
WaveDragon
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None of the above!None of the above!
The Physics of Hydro-Electric Power
The Physics of Hydro-Electric Power
Key physics concepts: energy, power & work
What is Bernoulli’s Principle? (hint: think about conservation of energy)
How might engineers apply it to wave energy?
Key physics concepts: energy, power & work
What is Bernoulli’s Principle? (hint: think about conservation of energy)
How might engineers apply it to wave energy?
Types of energy in a fixed wave power generator
Types of energy in a fixed wave power generator
Where in this diagram do each of the following energy types occur?wave energymechanical energypneumatic energyelectrical energy
Where in this diagram do each of the following energy types occur?wave energymechanical energypneumatic energyelectrical energy
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Wave Power: Benefit or Challenge?
Wave Power: Benefit or Challenge?
Portable, modular design
Noise Pollution Cost-saving
potential Maintenance Site specifications
Portable, modular design
Noise Pollution Cost-saving
potential Maintenance Site specifications
Abundance of resource
Appearance of device
Marine life effects Fishing & recreation Installation &
development cost Coastal erosion Sustainability
Abundance of resource
Appearance of device
Marine life effects Fishing & recreation Installation &
development cost Coastal erosion Sustainability
Hawaii’s PowerBuoy™Hawaii’s PowerBuoy™Cylindrical, Steel Buoy
Diameter - 4.5 to 5 meters.
Length – 12 to 20 meters.
Mass – 35 to 55 tons.
Operates 1.0 - 4.0 meters below surface.
Average System Output:
20 kW
Peak Output: 45-50 kW
Mooring:Rigid spar buoy with universal joint at
base.
Deadweight anchor rock bolted into the substrate provides up to 100-ton holding force.
Cylindrical, Steel BuoyDiameter - 4.5 to 5 meters.
Length – 12 to 20 meters.
Mass – 35 to 55 tons.
Operates 1.0 - 4.0 meters below surface.
Average System Output:
20 kW
Peak Output: 45-50 kW
Mooring:Rigid spar buoy with universal joint at
base.
Deadweight anchor rock bolted into the substrate provides up to 100-ton holding force.
Kane‘ohe Marine Corps Base WET
Project
Kane‘ohe Marine Corps Base WET
ProjectThe PowerBuoy is
low-cost, efficient, and readily deployable electric power that can reduce costs at Kane‘ohe Marine Corps Base & similar naval sites
The PowerBuoy is low-cost, efficient, and readily deployable electric power that can reduce costs at Kane‘ohe Marine Corps Base & similar naval sites
Subsea cable installation
Issues KMCB had to address
Issues KMCB had to address
Shoreline Conditions Oceanographic Conditions Infrastructure Impacts Recreation Impacts Public Safety Cultural considerations
Shoreline Conditions Oceanographic Conditions Infrastructure Impacts Recreation Impacts Public Safety Cultural considerations
Subsea Cable Installation
Possible Environmental Issues
Possible Environmental Issues
Alien Invasive Species Entanglement Entrapment Electromagnetic
Radiation (EMR) Electrical leakage Heat generation and
release Noise
Alien Invasive Species Entanglement Entrapment Electromagnetic
Radiation (EMR) Electrical leakage Heat generation and
release Noise
Diver Working on Plate Installation for Biological
Monitoring
Hawaiian Blessing of Site Cable and Vault Located Above Ground
Historic Preservationstructure eligible for listing in National Register of Historic Places
Cultural ConsiderationAncient Hawaiian Burial Ground
Researchers found Environmental
Advantages
Researchers found Environmental
Advantages No fuelAbsence of CO2 emissions, radiation, and
particulate matterNo waste or disposal requirementsNo danger of spillage or other environmental
damage No negative impact on marine life
can encourage growth Live coral areas avoided
Minimal aesthetic impact
No noise pollution
No visual pollution
No fuelAbsence of CO2 emissions, radiation, and
particulate matterNo waste or disposal requirementsNo danger of spillage or other environmental
damage No negative impact on marine life
can encourage growth Live coral areas avoided
Minimal aesthetic impact
No noise pollution
No visual pollutionAnchor Box
Goals of WET in Hawai‘iGoals of WET in Hawai‘i Develop and
Validate Technology
Demonstrate reliability and cost effectiveness
Demonstrate feasibility of combining power from a multi-buoy array
Develop and Validate Technology
Demonstrate reliability and cost effectiveness
Demonstrate feasibility of combining power from a multi-buoy array
Anchor Installation