Water Cycle - Squarespace · water cycle arc-452 design vi: integration a5 environmental system...
Transcript of Water Cycle - Squarespace · water cycle arc-452 design vi: integration a5 environmental system...
Table of Content
• Overview
• Protect and Conserve Water
• Sustainable Drainage System
• Green Roof
• Green Wall
• Rain Garden
• Bioswales
• Reference
OVERVIEW --- SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Building construction and operations can have extensive direct and indirect impacts on
the environment, society, and economy, which are commonly referred to as the 3 P's
('People', 'Planet', 'Pocketbook'). The field of sustainable design seeks to balance the needs
of these areas by using an integrated approach to create win-win-win design solutions.
Buildings use resources (energy, water, raw materials, and etc.), generate waste
(occupant, construction and demolition), and emit potentially harmful atmospheric
emissions. Building owners, designers, and builders face a unique challenge to meet
demands for new and renovated facilities that are accessible, secure, healthy, and productive
while minimizing their impact on society, the environment, and the economy. Ideally,
building designs should result in net positive benefits to all three areas.
PROTECT AND CONSERVE WATER
In many parts of the country, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource. A
sustainable building should use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-site use,
when feasible. The effort to bring drinkable water to our household faucets consumes
enormous energy resources in pumping, transport, and treatment. Often potentially toxic
chemicals are used to make water potable. The environmental and financial costs of sewage
treatment are significant.
One component of these water conservation measures, amongst many others, is to use
rainwater and greywater (water from sinks, baths and showers), as a source of water to
reduce the use of, or reliance upon, the mains water supply.
SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
A sustainable drainage system (SuDS) is designed to reduce the potential impact of new
and existing developments with respect to surface water drainage discharges.
By mimicking natural drainage regimes, SuDS aim to reduce surface water flooding,
improve water quality and enhance the amenity and biodiversity value of the environment.
SuDS achieve this by lowering flow rates, increasing water storage capacity and reducing
the transport of pollution to the water environment.
SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
You can use the following SUDS techniques:
• Green roofs / walls
• Permeable surfaces
• Infiltration trenches filter drains and filter strips
• Swales - shallow drainage channels
• Detention basins, purpose built ponds and wetlands
GREEN ROOF
Green roof system is an extension of the existing roof which involves a high quality
water proofing and root repellant system, a drainage system, filter cloth, a lightweight
growing medium and plants.
Green roofs can contribute to landfill diversion by:
• Prolonging the life of waterproofing membranes, reducing associated waste
• The use of recycled materials in the growing medium
• Prolonging the service life of heating, ventilation, and HVAC systems through
decreased use
GREEN ROOF
Increasing biodiversity can positively affect three realms:
1. Ecosystem: Diverse ecosystems are better able to maintain high levels of productivity during periods of environmental variation than those with fewer species
2. Economic: Stabilized ecosystems ensure the delivery of ecological goods (e.g. food, construction materials, and medicinal plants) and services (e.g. maintain hydrological cycles, cleanse water and air, and store and cycle nutrients)
3. Social: Visual and environmental diversity can have positive impacts on community and psychological well-being
GREEN WALL
The term "green walls" encompasses all forms of
vegetated wall surfaces. However, there are three major
system categories that fall under this term's rubric: green
façades, living walls, and retaining living walls.
Research shows that living walls reduce the amount
of water that drains into the sewer system, as the plants
consume some of the rainwater and also absorb and
evaporate water. Because showers are becoming heavier
all around the world due to climate change, reducing the
burden on sewer systems is a major advantage.
GREEN WALL
Onsite Wastewater Treatment
• Several water-recycling systems can be
applied to green walls. These systems pump
grey water through a green wall, which then
passes through filters, gravel, and marine
plants.
• Treated water is then sent to a grey water
holding tank for household or irrigation use or
released into the public water treatment system
(Shirley-Smith 2006). Some of these systems
also collect storm water, which is filtered for
household use or irrigation purposes.
RAIN GARDEN
A rain garden is a shallow, constructed depression that is planted with deep-rooted native
plants & grasses. It is located in your landscape to receive runoff from hard surfaces such as
a roof, a sidewalk and a driveway. Rain gardens slow down the rush of water from these
hard surfaces, holds the water for a short period of time and allows it to naturally infiltrate
into the ground.
RAIN GARDEN
A rain garden can mimic the natural
absorption and pollutant removal activities
of a forest, or a meadow or a prairie and
can absorb runoff more efficiently,
sometimes as much as 30% - 40% more
then a standard lawn. Capturing rainwater
in a rain garden, holding the water for a
short time and then slowly releasing it into
the soil can reduce the rush of a large
storm – quickly, neatly and naturally.
BIOSWALES
Bioswales are storm water runoff conveyance
systems that provide an alternative to storm sewers.
They can absorb low flows or carry runoff from heavy
rains to storm sewer inlets or directly to surface waters.
Bioswales improve water quality by infiltrating the first
flush of storm water runoff and filtering the large storm
flows they convey. The majority of annual precipitation
comes from frequent, small rain events. Much of the
value of bioswales comes from infiltrating and filtering
nearly all of this water.
BIOSWALES
On Site benefits:
• protects sensitive areas
• protects local and regional water quality
by reducing sediment and nutrient loads
• reduces stream bank and channel erosion
by reducing the frequent surges/bounces of
higher flows from storm sewer discharges
• reduces frequent high and low flows
associated with surface runoff, stabilizing
stream flow volumes by restoring ground
water discharges into receiving waters Valley Hi / North Laguna Library
2011 Energy efficiency integration awards competition
Reference
http://www.greenroofs.org/
http://www.raingardennetwork.com/benefits.htm
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_029251.pdfThe Urban Water Cycle
http://grhc.sclivelearningcenter.com/
http://www.wbdg.org/design/sustainable.php
http://web.stanford.edu/group/narratives/classes/08-09/CEE215/Projects/greendorm/water/GraywaterCD/greywater/pr80.pdf
http://wedgwoodcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Rain-Garden-diagram.gif
http://content.yardmap.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/6/files/2011/12/RainGardenDiagram1.jpg
http://www.greenroofs.com/archives/images/energy-GRS_Day2_TMobile_1.gif
http://blogs.dctc.edu/architectural-technology/files/2011/12/future_living-a-570x510.jpg
http://www.sbdawards.com/submit/projImages/02_vhl_bioswales.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Drainage_System
http://www.bgs.ac.uk/suds/
http://www.netregs.org.uk/library_of_topics/water/sustainable_urban_drain_system/what_are_suds.aspx