Waste Management Ppt

8/12/2019 Waste Management Ppt

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Waste Management:practical application of

the new ethical concepts ofEco-Ethics International Union

by

Romeo D. Caturao, MSc in Marine Ecolog y


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What are Wastes?

Basel Convention Definition of Wastes

substances or objects which are disposed of or are intendedto be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by theprovisions of the law

Disposal meansany operation which may lead to resource recovery,recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses(Annex IVB of the Basel convention)


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Kinds of Wastes

Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastesespecially common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes:wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, wastewater from ponds, manufacturing industriesand other sources


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Classification of Wastes according

to their Properties

Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,

cans, styrofoam containers and others)


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Classification of Wastes according to

their Effects on Human Health and the Environment

Hazardous wastesSubstances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported toor brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposalin, or in transit through, any part of the territory of thePhilippines

Non-hazardousSubstances safe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported toor brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposalin, or in transit through, any part of the territory of thePhilippines


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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and

Industry


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Sources of Wastes

Agriculture

Fisheries


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Waste Generation by Country(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*

Countries Amount /year

Japan 395 M tonnes/year

Germany 104 M tonnes/year

Netherlands 6.1 M tonnes/yearHungary 102 M tonnes/year

Poland 130 M tonnes/year

Romania 607 M tonnes/year

Bahrain 92,000 tonnes/year

China 6 B tonnes/year

Philippines 1.3 M tonnes/year

*f rom p r imary and secondary indust ry sectors


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Waste Generation in the Philippines

In Metro Manila:

It is estimated that 25 million m3of acid and alkaline

liquid waste is disposed of annually from the electronicsindustry.

Almost 2,000 m3 of solvents and 22,000 tonnes of heavymetals, infectious wastes, biological sludges, lubricantsand intractable wastes are disposed of on land or into

water courses. 4,000 tonnes of solid wastes are generated daily. Of

these, only about 3,400 tonnes are collected andtransported to existing sites.


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Waste Generation in

Iloilo Province

Hundreds of tons of domestic wastes aregenerated daily by households contributing tothe enormous environmental problems theworld is facing.*

*Chua, TE (1996) Waste management in the coastal areas of

the ASEAN region. ECLARM Proceedings No. 33


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EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOTMANAGED WISELY

Affects our health

Affects our socio-economic conditions

Affects our coastal and marine environment

Affects our climate


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EFFECTS OF WASTE

According to NAS:

GHGs are accumulating in Earths atmosphere as a result of human activities,causing global mean surface air temperature and subsurface oceantemperature to rise.

Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and changeprecipitation and other local climate conditions.

Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies.

This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems.

Deserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of ournational parks might be permanently altered.


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EFFECTS OF WASTE

According to NAS:

- Some countries are expected to become warmer, although sulfates might

limit warming in some areas.

- Scientists are unable to determine which parts of those countries willbecome wetter or drier, but there is likely to be an overall trend toward

increased precipitation and evaporation, more intense rainstorms, and

drier soils.

- Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be reliably projected for

specific areas.


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Effects of waste.

Activities that have altered the chemical composition of theatmosphere:

-Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and

nitrous oxide (N20).

-C02is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood

and wood products, and solid waste.

-CH4is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills,

the raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal,

natural gas, and oil.

-N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as

during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the US

emitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs.

Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2000, US EPA, Office of Atmospheric

Programs, April 2002 EPA 236-R-02-003.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Reduce Waste

- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policyto duplex all draft reports and by making training manualsand personnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material whilemaintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packagingreturn program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchase products in bulk.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Reuse

- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interofficeenvelopes, file folders, and paper.

- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, andglasses.

- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather thanpurchase new ones.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Donate/Exchange

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organizations


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Employee Education

- Develop an office recycling procedures packet.

- Send out recycling reminders to all employees includingenvironmental articles.

- Train employees on recycling practices prior toimplementing recycling programs.

- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologiesare introduced and new employees join the institution.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Employee Education

- education campaign on waste management thatincludes an extensive internal web site, quarterly

newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and

helpful reference labels within the campus of an

institution.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Preventing Waste

- packaging waste reductions and

changes in the manufacturing process

- use biodegradable materials


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Conduct outreach program adopting an

ecologically sound waste management

system which includes:

waste reduction

segregation at source

composting

recycling and re-use

more efficient collection

more environmentally sound disposal


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Residents are organized into small groups to

carry out the following:

1. construction of backyard compost pit

2. construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusablematerials are stored by each household

3. construction of storage centers where recyclable andreusable materials collected by the street sweepers are storedprior to selling to junk dealers

4. maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets

5. greening of their respective areas

6. encouraging others to join


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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS: EMS

What is an EMS?

An EMS is a formal set of policies and procedures that define how an

organization will evaluate, manage, and track its environmentalimpact. It follows the basic model:

Plan > Do > Check > Act

This facilitates cost-effective environmental performance by definingand continuously improving the process and actions that an

organization undertakes to meet its environmental goals.


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EMS Development

A Policy Statement that communicates an

organizations environmental priorities to employees.

Managerial endorsement of the policy statement

demonstrates the organizations commitment to the

effort and willingness to allocate resources for

implementation.

Once a policy statement is in place, the organization

implements it following the model.


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Stages in the Implementation of EMS

understanding of eco-ethics

environmental and health effects

economic impacts

liabilities

After establishing a complete list of significant aspects, the

organization sets environmental goals and develops a plan

to achieve those goals.

Identify all environmental aspects: any environmental or

health and safety impacts resulting from activities and

services. The organization then evaluates each aspect

according to a variety of criteria:

1. Plan


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2. DoThe do-phase of the model involves implementation of the

environmental plan through employee training andestablishment of operation controls.

3. CheckEvaluates progress toward meeting program goals throughongoing monitoring and measuring and periodic EMS audits.

4. ActInvolves taking corrective action to update and improve theenvironmental plan. For example, if an organization makessignificant progress on one environmental aspect, anotherenvironmental aspect will replace it on the priority list.


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Why Should an Organization Adopt an EMS?

1. Improve environmental performanceIt helps monitor energy and water conservation, resource

efficiencies, and pollution prevention.

2. Better regulatory complianceIncrease regulatory compliance which is especially important for

organizations that spend time and resources with regulatory

violations.

3. Certification and recognition

EMS implementation can enhance an organizations image and

improve public community relations.


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EMS Certification

EPA encourages organizations to use recognized

EMS frameworks to improve compliance, pollution

prevention, and other measures of environmental

performance.

Third-party certification can also add credibility to an

organizations EMS.


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Several organizations which offer

certification programs:

American Chemistry Council

American Forest and Paper Association

International Chamber of Commerce

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible

Economies

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

developed the most widely recognized EMS standard


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Principles of an Effective EMS

For better environmental and overall organizationalperformance, an EMS should:

1. Focus on continual improvement

2. Serve the organization and its mission3. Receive top management support

4. Remain dynamic and flexible

5. Fit the culture of the organization

6. Represent employees and their actions

7. Establish employees awareness and involvement


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That ends my presentation.

I hope this lecture about ECO-ETHICSwill

make you aware of what ishappeningto our

environment.

Now I urge you to join

Eco-Ethics International Union

to help build a better house for humanity!

Thank you for listening!

Waste Management Ppt

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