Waste Management Louricha A. Opina-Tan, MD Department of Community and Family Medicine Objectives Describe the global burden of solid waste Define municipal solid waste and its components Discuss the Integrated Waste Management as a framework for solid waste management Describe RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act Discuss factors that facilitate a SWM Program based on an example of local best practice Waste Solid substances generated as a result of human activities, and being no longer of value for the respective economic, physiological or technological process are removed from it Biodegradable Waste A type of waste, typically originating from plant or animal sources, which may be degraded by other living organisms Green waste, food waste, paper waste, etc Non biodegradable Waste that cannot be broken down by other living organisms Metals, rubber, plastics, etc. Global Burden In 2012, world cities generate about 1.3B tons of solid waste per year and expected to 2.2B tons by 2025. Impact of Solid Waste Source of methane Air pollution Foul odor and unsightliness Flooding Attraction of rodents and vectors Workers who handle wastes are infected Citys largest budgetary item Municipal Solid Waste Heterogenous collection of wastes produced in urban areas A function of the living standard and lifestyle, as well the abundance and type of natural resources 2 types: organic and inorganic Framework for Management ofSolid Waste Elements ofWaste Management System Setting policies Developing and enforcing regulations Planning and evaluating activities Using waste characterization studies to adjust systems Physically handling waste and recoverable materials, including separation, collection, composting, incineration and landfilling Elements ofWaste Management System Marketing recovered materials Establishing training programs Carrying out public information and education programs Identifying financial mechanisms and cost recovery systems Establishing prices for services and creating incentives Managing public sector administrative and operations unit Incorporating private sector businesses Integrated Waste Management For designing and implementing waste management systems All aspects of a waste management system should be analyzed together (technical and non-technical) Solid Waste Management Hierarchy Prevent the production of waste, or reduce the amount generated Reduce the toxicity or negative impacts of the waste that is generated Reuse in their current forms the materials recovered from the waste stream Recycle, compost, or recover materials for use as direct or indirect inputs to new products Solid Waste Management Hierarchy Recover energy by incineration, anaerobic digestion, or similar processes Reduce the volume of waste prior to disposal Dispose of residual solid waste in environmentally sound manner, generally in landfills Stakeholders for an Integrated Waste Management System Waste management Local residents businesses Public health department Public works department Natural resource management agencies National ministries Municipal government Private sector Informal sectors NGO Community-based organizations Informal settlers Issues and Strategies Related toIntegrated Solid Waste Management Understanding the characteristics of waste generated Improving management capabilities Public involvement Handling of special wastes Handling of medical wastes Special Wastes Types of solid waste that require special handling, treatment, and/or disposal. Their characteristics and quantities which may render them difficult to manage Their presence will pose significant danger to the health and safety of workers and/or public,to the environment or both Special Wastes Infectious wastes from hospitals, clinics, laboratories Hazardous wastes in the household waste stream (oil-based paints, paint thinners, wood preservatives, pesticides, household cleaners, batteries) Discarded tires Used oils Special Wastes Electronic waste Wet batteries Construction and demolition debris Municipal wastewater treatment (sewage) sludge, septage, and slaughterhouse Industrial hazardous waste (metal cuttings form metal processors or cannery waste) Management of Medical Waste Source separation within the health care facility Take-back systems Tight inventory control over medications Piggy-back systems Treatment of infectious wastes Proper disposal of hospital wastes Waste Management in the Philippines Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000 (RA 9003) Provides the legal framework for the countrys systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment It underscore the need to create the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, and penalties for violation of its provisions. Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Waste characterization and segregation Source Reduction Collection and transport of solid waste Recycling program Composting Implementing Rules and Regulations Creation of a National Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) , National Ecology Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste Management Board in every province, city and municipality. Implementing Rules and Regulations NSWMC formulation of framework and policies, overseeing the implementation, management of funds NEC consulting, information, training and networking service SWMB development of their respective solid waste management plans Implementing Rules and Regulations Mandatory segregation of solid waste at the source Systematic collection and transport of wastes and the proper protection of the health of garbage collectors Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-back centers for recyclable and toxic materialsImplementing Rules and Regulations Eco-labeling in local products and services Prohibition of non-environmentally acceptable products and packaging Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay* Prohibition of open dumps Guidelines for controlled dumps and landfills Rewards and incentives Research on solid waste management and environmental educaton Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Waste characterization and segregation Compostable, non-recyclable, recyclable, special Source Reduction Reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed Collection and transport of solid waste 100% collection efficiency within 24 hours form all sources Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Recycling program inventory of market for recyclable materials Composting Inventory of marker MRF Receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently.Residual waste will be transferred for long-term storage or disposal facility An Example of Best Practice Community- Academe Partnership What were the reasons for this programs success ? Knowing is not enough, we must apply Willing is not enough, we must do. -Goethe Maraming salamat po!