Warrendale vs EMPz 4 Life: Exploring Childhood With Allan King
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Transcript of Warrendale vs EMPz 4 Life: Exploring Childhood With Allan King
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Avalon McLean-Smits
Warrendale vs EMPz 4 Life: Exploring Childhood With Allan King
Documentary filmmaker Allan King often deals with the subject of the “other”
and the outcast in society. Sometimes his documentaries deal people who find
themselves in limbo after war in Estonia. Sometimes it is middle class North
American citizens who find themselves lost in their own world and run away to
another country to find their identity. Allan King’s first documentary, Skid Row,
deals with the drunks and addicts on skid row. He even dives into topics that are
otherwise left untouched by the camera, like the inside of a marriage, death, and
getting old. In each of these cases the characters experience strong feelings of hope
and of despair. Unfortunately, even his films dealing with children look at hope and
despair. Many of King’s films look at childhood and often reflect or search for things
that he was missing in his own childhood. Although his films deal with youth and
children from a variety of different eras, they all maintain similarities. This essay
will compare the children of the sixties from Warrendale (1967) with the children of
the twenty-first century from EMPz 4 Life (2006). They deal with two very different
issues up front, however, with a closer, look this essay will uncover similarities of
the treatment of children who are outcasts in society. It shall discuss how their
geography affects their identities, the role of broadcast media, and the role of the
adult and figures of authority in the children’s lives. The essay will make
connections between both films and Allan King’s own childhood.
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Each film takes place on opposite sides of Toronto and the children are
dealing with very different issues. EMPz 4 Life deals with the racism and struggles of
young black men living in Scarborough around the time of Toronto’s ‘summer of the
gun’. Very few people seem to care about the well-being or future of the boys, with
the exception of the men who started the Rose program that the boys are involved
in. They get bounced around schools and from detention to suspension. Warrendale
deals with emotionally disturbed youth who’s own families’ are unable to take care
of them for untold reasons. In both cases, the children have been isolated and
pinpointed as having a problem that society does not want to confront or deal with.
In addition to being outcasts in society, the geographical areas in which they live
and go to school became a way of isolating them and giving them identity. The
children in Warrendale, will always be known as the children from Warrendale.
Some people may have even said some of them should be somewhere else, like a
psychiatric ward. Either way, these children are being told about where they should
be, and it exists outside regular operating society. The children from EMPz 4 Life are
linked to place in a different way. It is because of where they happen to live that they
and their families are under constant harassment from the police and society.
Magazines and newspapers question whether their housing unit, Empringham, is
safe to live (torontoobserver.ca). Both Scarborough and Etobicoke are
neighbourhoods that underwent development post-World War II to become inner
suburban communities. They were largely compromised of single-family homes and
were built with the middle class family in mind. These working members of families
would have commuted to Toronto to work but would not have to live in the hustle
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and bustle of the city. Although, by 1967, Etobicoke’s population had increased
significantly, it lacked any sort of pedestrian, downtown core. It housed a large
automotive industry and strip malls. A very powerful shot in the film is at the
beginning when the camera pulls up and it is revealed to the audience how truly
isolated the children are in Etobicoke. The children, when they play outside, play in
a parking lot and what, seems to be piles of dirt. They still have fun but they are
restricted to their area. The audience can then decide if they are being isolated for
the benefit of society, or for the children.
The Empringham complex in the Malvern district of Scarborough is the
specific geographical area where EMPz 4 Life is focused. Malvern also underwent
major development in 1950 to become modern suburban community hosting
multiple single-family homes. However, in 1980, due to the high cost of living in
Toronto, the Malvern neighbourhood started to change. Poverty in the area
increased exponentially and United Way’s report Poverty by Postal Code in 2004
revealed that, “Immigrant and newcomer families now make up the large majority
of low-income households in high poverty neighbourhoods” and that, “by 2001
[visible minority families] accounted for over three-quarters” of all low-income
families (TCSA 9). In addition, “these pockets of concentrated poverty are also home
to more lone-parent families” (ibid). Because the area was not created with poverty
in mind, the area lacks the infrastructure and services to meet the needs of its
inhabitants. The area inhibits independence in the youth. A lot of the boys rely of
Brian Henry (one of adults in charge of the Rose program) to drive them to school
and math. Due to the fact that crime is associated with poverty, the media
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stereotypes the people living in poor communities to be associated with crime that
happens in the city. Unfortunately, reports dictate that a majority of the inhabitants
are non-white so the media vilifies young black men, like the ones followed in EMPz
4 Life, because they live in a specific area.
Despite the role of the media in vilifying black men, the boys in the film
maintain a lifestyle that fits in with the hip-hop and rap subculture of the western
world. In a TVO interview with Allan King on EMPz 4 Life, he tries to explain the
cycle that exists because of this racism. King says that the reason the boys are angry
and act out is because they are constantly harassed by police and undermined by
teachers and they react in a way that confirms stereotypes about them. These
reactions may manifest themselves in angry retorts and unwillingness to cooperate,
which get them in trouble. King has said before that his subjects will use the camera
for their own objectives. It appears that the subjects of this film want to show the
audience the difference between them and what the media portrays and show how
they are treated by society. He also discusses how it is difficult to not identify with
the role of the bad guy when people place that on you. The young boys have a lot of
pride for their area, and identify as “EMPz”, which is short for “Empringham”. The
name of the film even suggests how strong their bond with their home is by
declaring that they are “EMPz 4 Life”. By creating this bond, the boys then take on all
the signifiers that are placed on their geographical area, thus making people see
them as troublesome, young, black men who probably have guns and will kill
people.
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Alternatively, the media hid the children of Warrendale. Despite the
differences in the children’s relationship to their portrayals in the media, Allan King,
and the children, used the film to answer the questions Allan King had about what
makes “disturbed” children different from normal children. He had originally not
even wanted to make this film, until he questioned his own reasoning behind not
wanting to film them. In his notes on Warrendale, he quotes one of the children
saying, “When they put our pictures in the newspapers, they always black out our
faces so we can’t be seen. What’s so awful about us that we can’t be seen?”
(Browndale.net). Many reviews of the film, and one’s own experience, dictate how
hard aspects of the film are to watch. This is usually in reference to the long holding
sequence after the notification of the cook’s death. In the end, the feeling that the
audience has explains why “we” have a problem with the filming of disturbed
children. We hide them in an effort to protect ourselves from being uncomfortable.
By filming them, we expose ourselves to their issues. Perhaps we feel like we are
exploiting them by filming them but by thinking that, we say that the children
cannot think for themselves and are unaware of the camera. It is more comfortable
to watch police harass fourteen year-old boys. In 2007, one of the boys from the
film, Keyon Campbell, wall shot and killed as he left his house to start his mother’s
car. He was just sixteen. In an article in the Toronto Star, many of the people
interviewed are quoted as saying, “he was her only child” or, “just a sixteen year-old
boy”, “a young sixteen year-old boy”. It is clear that Allan King’s concern is that the
subjects of these two films are just children and that they need to be treated as
children. They should not be feared, they should be treated with love and given a
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chance, like the children at Warrendale are now getting. However, this treatment
needs to begin with adults.
In both films, there are adults who care for the children. Very few of the
actual mothers and fathers of the children are shown. In EMPz 4 Life, almost no
fathers appear. Perhaps it is because they are at work or because they are not
around. In Allan King’s own childhood, he had an absent father and was “forced to
live with other families while [his] mother struggled with her financial and
emotional crises” (Feldman 5). In Seth Feldman’s article on Allan King he notes that,
“his films would be populated by fathers, father figures, lost and forgotten old men”
(6). In both Warrendale and EMPz 4 Life there are different incarnations of father
figures for the children. In Warrendale, Walter, one of the adults in the institution,
acts as a father figure for many of the children as he cares for them and plays with
them. Peter Harcourt notes that Carol is upset because she feels that he does not
come by enough. In some cases, he is one of the only adult figures that the children
respond to. John Brown acts as an absent father figure as he controls the institution
of Warrendale from off the premises.
In EMPz 4 Life, Brian Henry, is all the young men’s father figure. He cares for
them, he drives them to extra-curriculars, to class, to math, and he makes sure they
get breakfast. It is clear that he does it because he cares and not because of money,
for he is having a hard enough time trying to secure funding to maintain the
program anyway. The audience sees many of the boys’ mothers in the film, but very
few of the boys fathers. Brian Henry’s presence enhances the lack of male figures
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these boys have to look up to. Brian brings one of the boys to a prison to meet one of
the neighbour’s older brothers who is in jail. The young boys in the film are
expected to learn from other older boys mistakes. They have very few positive
examples or role models to look up to or to keep them in check. Even Brian and Jam
Johnson, one of the men who he works with on Rose, have been in jail. When Brian is
talking to family of the brother in prison, they discuss how it would have a huge
impact on the boys to talk to a “real” gangster. The community needs to local leaders
to step forward and take action, it is unfortunate that these men have to go to jail
first to learn from their actions. However, maybe the only ways to help the kids is to
be able to understand what they are going through and to go through it with them.
A comment from an interview with John Brown, the director of Warrendale,
reflects the previous sentiment. The interviewer asked John Brown if “those who are
dealing with emotionally disturbed children be extraordinarily mentally well
themselves?” and John Brown responds with, “No, quite the contrary. What
motivation would there be for an extraordinarily mentally healthy person to work
with the mentally ill or emotionally disturbed?” (Interview with John Brown 11). In
the Black Habits article, “Getting Back on Track”, Brian’s partner Jam Johnson says,
“"If you're not in the kitchen cooking the food, how are you going to know what's in
the pot? […] If there were one of me and (Henry) in every neighbourhood, there
wouldn't be the huge problems we have"”. They believe it is important for people
like them, who have been behind bars and know what it is like to be in the boys’
situation to be the ones trying to help them get on track. This is just as John Brown
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sees it as a more therapeutic situation if the adults are working through issues as
well because then they can be honest with the children about emotions.
Brian and Jam’s sentiments seem to be backed up by the numerous
publications released about cleaning up the poor neighbourhoods of Toronto. Both
the Strong Neighbourhoods Task Force, the United Way, and the community
outreach and crime prevention programs put in place by the City of Toronto seem to
agree that having the community be involved in creating a stronger neighbourhood
ensures lasting effects and positive results. Unfortunately, even in the Toronto City
Summit Alliance paper of 2007, it is noted that, “there has been little support for
building local leadership or bridging partnerships until recently” (12). This is
reflected first hand in EMPz 4 Life as Brian Henry struggles to get any funding for the
Rose program.
The support for emotionally disturbed children took a while to gain traction. A
change needed to be made from believing these children need psychiatric control to
helping them find normality in their lives. The new idea was that children should
not be repressed and shut up; they need to be able to have a healthy place to express
themselves. The new mentality was that emotions were a good thing and that the
children should not be told otherwise. What John Brown was doing with the
children at Warrendale can be paralleled with what Brian Henry was trying to do
with the boys in his neighbourhood. Brian Henry wanted to make a change from the
world thinking these boys could never amount to anything and making them believe
that they could never amount to anything to proving to these boys that they could
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do whatever they want if they put their minds to it. He does this with John Mighton
and the JUMP program. Many of the boys make a shocking discovery that they have
an incredible talent for math. Both men believe that children need to be treated as
humans and respect and care for them, not just shove them with drugs if they act
out emotionally or tell them that they cannot amount to anything because they are
black.
In conclusion, these films are about childhoods that are not what society
deems to be normal. The films depict how the children’s geographical areas are
related to how the children are viewed and how it affects their situations. Allan King
and the subjects of the films use the camera to show a world that the media tends to
distort. Finally, every child has different relationships with adults and parental
figures. Allan King explores his own lack of a father figure and those affects on the
children in these films. Allan King places a lot of responsibility on the adults in these
films because it is them who the audience will blame if negative things happen to
any of the children and I believe that King is asking adults to take responsibility over
how they view these children when they watch these films. Adults are required for
local leadership in the communities to make them better places, it is adults who
control what is published in the media and it is adults who set examples for
children. Although this essay just looks at two of King’s films dealing with children,
one would be able to find the same similarities discussed in his other films with
children, including Come On Children (1973) and Who Has Seen The Wind (1977).
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Allan King on Empz 4 Life. Perf. Allan King. TVO. Web.
Brown, John. "Interview with John Brown, Director of Warrendale, 1953 - 1966."
Interview. MUBI. Apr. 2011. Web. <http://mubi.com/topics/interview-with-
john-brown-director-of-warrendale-the-institution>.
Doolittle, Robyn. "16-year-old Gunned down in Doorway of His Home." The Toronto
Star. 3 Dec. 2007. Web. 10 Dec. 2011.
<http://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/281976>.
Dukoff, Carol, and Elaine Smith. "History I." Browndale. Web.
<http://www.browndale.net/id1.html>.
Ernst, Thom. "Talking to Allan King." Toro Magazine. 23 Dec. 2008. Web.
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Feldman, Seth, ed. Allan King: Filmmaker. Toronto: Toronto International Film
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