Warm-up What do you know about water? Lesson Essential Question Why is water important?
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Transcript of Warm-up What do you know about water? Lesson Essential Question Why is water important?
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Warm-upWhat do you know about water?
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Lesson Essential QuestionWhy is water important?
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InteractionGW and SW, not isolated components of hydrologic system
Interact in variety of physiographic and climatic landscapes
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InteractionDevelopment or contamination of one directly affects the other
Why??
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ScarcityWater essential for all socio-economic development & for maintaining healthy ecosystems
As population , need for waterMay lead to conflict, tensions, etc
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Scarcity•Water scarcity- point at which the aggregate impact of all users impinges on the supply or quality of water under prevailing institutional arrangements to the extent that the demand by all sectors…cannot be satisfied.
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ScarcitySymptoms- severe environmental degradation
EX??Declining groundwater levels
Problems of water allocation
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Scarcity1.2 billion people, live in areas of physical scarcity
500 million approaching situation
1.6 billion face water shortage
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ReadingsEach student reads an article, pick out important information, tell the class what your article was about and why this is important.
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Warm-upWhy is water important?
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Lesson Essential QuestionWhat is the relationship between bodies of water and civilization?
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Water and CivilizationEX: Mesopotamian-> Tigris and Euphrates River
Egypt-> Dessert but Nile flood
Minoan-> Island of CreteWhy?
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Water and CivilizationWater needed for fertile soil
Farm and CropsAll living things need water to survive
Catalyst for growth
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Water CycleImportance- pollution of one source affects whole cycle
Draw water cycle and explain importance of each part as it relates to the environment – 20 minutes
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Water PropertiesGas becomes solid through frost formation
Solid melts to become liquid
Liquid evaporates into gases
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Water PropertiesAffect on ecosystem: Liquid- allows organic compounds to react, needed for all life, if floods, could destroy ecosystems, cause contamination
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Water PropertiesAffect on ecosystem: Solid-freezing kills pests, affects vitality of fine tree roots, slows decomposition, accelerates movement of Nitrogen from fresh litter
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Water PropertiesAffect on ecosystem: Gas- humidity, good for plant life
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Water TestingStudents take samples from stream
Test in classroomContaminated or not?
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Warm-upWhy is periodically testing your water important?
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Lesson Essential QuestionHow does water use get divided up?
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Water Use Planning•Dams, Reservoirs and ponds•2 uses– reduce flooding hazard, water collected and stored •Other uses- recreation, supply water to town/city, water to industry, irrigation to farms, power
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Water Use PlanningDams, reservoirs and pondsDisadvantages- expense, flood control- levels need to be lowered before rainy season so no flooding occurs
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Water Use Planning•Waterway use•Power required to move goods on water is less than that required to move on land•Maintenance costs on ships are less than on rail, truck or air equipment
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Water Use PlanningWaterway useMost common water-transported items- petroleum and coal products
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Water Use PlanningWaterway useWWII, merchant ships used intracoastal waterway to avoid German submarines
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Desalination70% of earths surface- oceans
Can we use it if freshwater supplies lessen?
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Desalination•Yes, after following steps•1st- must remove salt•Desalination- the process of salt extraction•Not new, been around for centuries
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Desalination•2 techniques •1.Membrane process- the filtering of salt from water through a series of filters–Used on brackish water where the salt content is lower–2 types
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DesalinationA. Reverse Osmosis- uses natural principles of liquids flowing through a semipermeable membrane
Video
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Desalination•B. Electrodialysis- uses fact that ocean water contains sodium and chlorine•Two elements separate when electric current used, they separate & pass through different filters
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DesalinationElectrodialysis- freshwater is left over and pumped away
Uses a lot of electric power and expensive filters
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Desalination•2. Distillation process of desalination•Nature uses in hydrologic cycle•When water heater, it evaporates & leaves solid impurities. You collect & condense vapor= fresh water!
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2. Distillation process of desalination1. long-tube distillation- saltwater sent through tubes, heated with stem.
Vapor travels through tubes where it is cooled and collected
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2. Distillation process of desalination1. long-tube distillation- conserves energy and lowers cost of distillation
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2. Distillation process of desalination•2. Vapor compression distillation- place water under pressure when turned into steam, steam heats other waters, steam condenses and falls to a bottom tank, then collected
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2. Distillation process of desalination2. Vapor compression distillation- energy used to start process and run compressor motor
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2. Distillation process of desalination3. Flash distillation- heating water and allowing it to flow into a chamber. Partial vacuum produced, water immediately boil or “flash” into steam. Steam cooled and collected
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2. Distillation process of desalination3. Flash distillation- steam cooled by incoming saltwater, requires less heat energy to cause it to flash
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2. Distillation process of desalination44% of worlds desalinization capacity through flash distillation in 1999
40% from reverse osmosis
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2. Distillation process of desalination1945- 1 plant producing 326 cubic meters per day
2004- 10,000 plants capable of producing 35 million cubic meters per day
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ActivityWho owns water? Lab.
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Warm-upWhat type of desalination is this?
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Lesson Essential QuestionWho is the most intensive user of water? Why?
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Use of water
•Typical person:–50-75 gallons a day–40% flushing toilets–30% bathing–20% laundry and dishes–5% drinking–5% other
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Use of waterMost intensive users are agriculture and industry
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Weather Control Water UseSkiing? No snow? No BIG DEAL!
Why?!?!
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Weather Control to provide water
Making rain- seed clouds with silver iodide crystals (sometimes dry ice). Crystals give water droplets something to cling to.
As droplets form, become heavy & fall to earth as rain
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Weather Control to provide water
Problems? Only increases rainfall by 20%!
May not fall where neededTakes rain from other places
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Weather ControlOther uses?Modification of tornados & hurricanes- silver iodide to lower winds
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Transporting Water for useReal problem w/water? NOT ENOUGH! Water not where people are.
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Transporting WaterAncient Romans engineers created aqueducts to transport water through Empire.
Rome- 11 aqueducts- 260 miles constructed over 5 centuries
29 miles above ground, rest underground tunnels
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Transporting WaterMid 1800s- The Salt River Project provided water for Greater Phoenix, Arizona for over century
Los Angeles Aqueduct- 1913, $23 million, 223 miles, 98 miles concrete conduit & 52 miles in tunnels, 37 miles lined canals
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Transporting Water2nd LAA- 1970, $89 million, 137 miles, 64 miles concrete & 69 miles steel pipeline
1st- move 485 cubic feet per second
2nd- move 290 cubic feet per second
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Water Runoff control in Urban Areas1 inch rain dumps 43,560 gallons water per acre
Most water runs off, gutters & sewers transport to streams or rivers, sometimes causes flooding
Cities should collect water runoff for when water will be short
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Water ConservationQuality of water? Should reserve top quality water for drinking or cooking
One proposal- re use all water, even sewage water
How does that make you feel? Why?
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Water ConservationFederal government placing tighter pollution standards on industrial water supplies.
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Water ConservationWater: An Amazing and Precious Resource Activity
Review for test