Warm-up 10/24/11Warm-up 10/24/11

• Teach the Teacher: What is the worst Teach the Teacher: What is the worst thing that has ever happened to you thing that has ever happened to you as far as health stuff goes (like break as far as health stuff goes (like break an arm, be in the hospital for a an arm, be in the hospital for a sickness, etc) that you feel like sickness, etc) that you feel like sharing.sharing.

• Review: What is the acronym for Review: What is the acronym for remembering the levels of remembering the levels of classification (use your notes!)classification (use your notes!)

Learning Targets Learning Targets

• Learning Target: What is a virus? Learning Target: What is a virus? How does a virus make people How does a virus make people sick? What type of diseases are sick? What type of diseases are caused by viruses? caused by viruses?

Warm-up 3/1/12Warm-up 3/1/12

• Teach The Teacher: What was your Teach The Teacher: What was your favorite childrens book when you favorite childrens book when you were growing up?were growing up?

• Review: Which kingdom is one Review: Which kingdom is one celled and does NOT have a celled and does NOT have a nucleus. nucleus.

• LT: Describe characteristics of a LT: Describe characteristics of a virus. virus.

Protists Protists

• SarcodinaSarcodina - the amoeba - the amoeba CiliophoraCiliophora - the paramecium - the paramecium ZoomastiginaZoomastigina - the trypanosoma - the trypanosoma SporozoaSporozoa - the plasmodium - the plasmodium

• ChlorophytaChlorophyta - the green algae - the green algae PhaeophytaPhaeophyta - the brown algae - the brown algae RhodophytaRhodophyta - the red algae - the red algae BacillariophytaBacillariophyta - the diatoms - the diatoms DinoflagellataDinoflagellata - -

ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria

VIRUSESVIRUSESCHAPTER 18CHAPTER 18

Part 1

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• non-living particlesnon-living particles• invade living cellsinvade living cells• pathogenic - named pathogenic - named

after the disease they after the disease they cause or organ they cause or organ they infectinfect

• smallest of all smallest of all organismsorganisms

T-4 Virus - infects E. coli

Origin of VirusesOrigin of Viruses

• Viruses may have Viruses may have originated from host originated from host cellscells

• 1935 - first seen by 1935 - first seen by an electron an electron microscope microscope

• Tobacco mosaic Tobacco mosaic virus - first virus virus - first virus discovered - 1886discovered - 1886 Wendell Stanley (1904 -

1971) first isolated TMV in 1935.

Viral StructureViral Structure

• Inner core - Inner core - contains viral DNA contains viral DNA or RNA (never or RNA (never both)both)

• Capsid - outer coat Capsid - outer coat of proteinof protein

• Envelope - outer Envelope - outer layer on larger layer on larger virusesviruses

Various Shapes of Viruses

Viral ReplicationViral ReplicationLytic CycleLytic Cycle

• 1. Attachment 1. Attachment • 2. Injection2. Injection• 3. Replication3. Replication• 4. Assembly4. Assembly• 5. Lysis5. Lysis

LYSOGENIC CYCLELYSOGENIC CYCLE

1. Attachment1. Attachment2. Injection2. Injection3.3. Viral DNA Viral DNA

integration integration (provirus) (provirus)

4. Cell division4. Cell division5. Replication5. Replication6. Assembly6. Assembly7. Lysis7. Lysis

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VIRUSESVIRUSESCHAPTER 18CHAPTER 18

Part 2

SmallpoxSmallpoxVariola (Major & Minor)Variola (Major & Minor)

• First virus to be First virus to be studied in detailstudied in detail

• Edward Jenner - Edward Jenner - 17981798

• First vaccine - First vaccine - cowpox virus cowpox virus (vaccinia virus)(vaccinia virus)

Edward Jenner - Edward Jenner - discovered a vaccine for smallpoxdiscovered a vaccine for smallpox

Child with smallpoxChild with smallpox

Last caseLast case of smallpox of smallpox(Ali Maow of (Ali Maow of Merka, Somalia, Merka, Somalia, contracted contracted smallpox in 1977 smallpox in 1977 at the age of 23. at the age of 23. His was the last His was the last known case of known case of smallpox in the smallpox in the world.)world.)

Icosahedral Virus

(many sides)

Wart virusPolio - Naked, small, icosahedral virus

Enveloped VirusEnveloped Virus

INFLUENZA VIRUS

Children with measles Children with measles (uncommon today)(uncommon today)

BACTERIOPHAGEBACTERIOPHAGE

E-Coli Bacteria

Attachment of a phage to Attachment of a phage to the cell wall of E-Coli the cell wall of E-Coli

Temperate vs. Virulent VirusesTemperate vs. Virulent Viruses

HERPES ZOSTER HERPES ZOSTER (“Shingles”)(“Shingles”)

HERPESHERPES VIRUSVIRUS

HERPES

RetrovirusesRetroviruses

• RNA virusesRNA viruses• Reverse Reverse

transcriptase - transcriptase - makes DNA from makes DNA from its RNAits RNA

• Includes HIV, Includes HIV, polio & some polio & some cancerscancers

HIV

Retrovirus CycleRetrovirus Cycle

HIV /HIV /AIDSAIDS

Louis Pasteur - discovered a vaccine for rabies

Animal Rabies in U. S.Animal Rabies in U. S.19991999

Warm-up 3/2/12Warm-up 3/2/12

• Teach the Teacher: What is your Teach the Teacher: What is your favorite Saturday morning cartoon?favorite Saturday morning cartoon?

• Review: What are some diseases Review: What are some diseases caused by a virus? caused by a virus?

• Lt: Draw and label the steps of the Lt: Draw and label the steps of the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle. lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle.

Warm-up 3/7/12Warm-up 3/7/12

• Teach the Teacher: If you could go Teach the Teacher: If you could go on any field trip in Rapid City and on any field trip in Rapid City and be able to relate it to school where be able to relate it to school where would you want to go?would you want to go?

• Review: What are the two cycles of Review: What are the two cycles of a virus? a virus?

• Learning Target: Describe Learning Target: Describe characteristics of a virus. characteristics of a virus.