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Transcript of WARM-UP 1) Write your homework – leave it to be stamped! 2) Update your Table of Contents! 3) Get...
WARM-UP1) Write your homework – leave it to be
stamped!2) Update your Table of Contents!3) Get your homework out to be checked!4) Pick up your test from the counter to
take home.
Date Session#
Activity Page#
11/5 & 11/6
2 Plate Tectonics Note Guide 3
HOMEWORK: Tectonic Plate Map Analysis 4
QUICK REVIEW… Layers of the
EarthCrust (2 types)MantleOuter CoreInner Core
Earth’s crust & the very top solid portion of the mantle form the lithosphere
The lithosphere sits on top of the liquid asthenosphere
HOW???
LAW OF UNIFORMITARIANISMLaw of
Uniformitarianism: States that Earth is an always changing place
The same forces of change are at work today that were at work in the past.
Some changes are gradual; some changes are fast…some times both!
SINKHOLES http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RUjo3K_00tY
Would you categorize them as a fast change, a slow change, or both?
They seem to be getting more common…WHY?
SOME THINGS HAPPEN SLOWLY, WHILE OTHERS HAPPEN QUICKLY, BUT WHAT THEY BOTH HAVE IN COMMON IS A LOT OF THEM STEM FROM MOVEMENT …BUT MOVEMENT OF WHAT????
HINT:
TECTONIC PLATES The Lithosphere is broken into many large and
small slabs of rock called tectonic plates and where two plates meet, a lot of changes can occur.
The plates move because of convection currents.
The hot, soft rock in the mantle rises…then it cools, and sinks.
TECTONIC PLATES
How do the
tectonic
plates move?
1. Divergent2. Convergent 3. Transform
TECTONIC PLATES
There are 3 types of
plate boundaries
When one tectonic plate sinks under another plate
IT CAN ONLY HAPPEN WHEN…
Continental & oceanic plate collide = oceanic plate ALWAYS sinks because it is more DENSE.
Oceanic & oceanic plate collide = the more dense plate sinks!
SUBDUCTION
What is SUBduction
?
Key word: Divide
DIVERGENT
DIVERGENT
What occurs at this boundary?
New Crust Forms
Mid-ocean Ridges
Rift ValleysEarthquakes
Volcanoes
DIVERGENT
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES : Divergent Boundary Mid-Ocean Ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Key word: Collide
3 types of convergent:
Continental-continental
Oceanic-oceanicOceanic-continental
CONVERGENT
CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
What occurs at this boundary?
High mountains
Earthquakes
CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Continental-Continental Convergent
High Mountains like the Himalayas
CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-OCEANIC
What occurs at this boundary?
Deep-ocean Trenches
Volcanic IslandsEarthquakes
CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-OCEANIC
Hawaii is NOT on a plate boundary!
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Deep-ocean trenches like the Mariana Trench
CONVERGENT: OCEANIC- CONTINENTAL
What occurs at this boundary?
Deep-ocean trenches
Coastal mountains (some are volcanic)
Earthquakes
CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Continental-Oceanic Convergent Coastal mountains like the Andes Mountains
on the coast of South America
Key word: Slide
TRANSFORM
TRANSFORM
What occurs at this boundary?
FaultsEarthquakes
TRANSFORM
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Transform Boundary Faults, like the San Andreas Fault in
California
LANDFORMS VS. EVENTS
http://www.sepuplhs.org/middle/iaes/students/simulations/SEPUP_Plate_simulation.swf
Go to the site above so you can see a simulation of the tectonic plate movement we talked about today!
PLATE MOTION SIMULATION
HOMEWORK: TECTONIC PLATE MAP ANALYSIS
WARM-UP1) Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!2) Update your Table of Contents for today!3) Get your homework out to be checked!4) Get a white board, marker and eraser off the
shelf in the back of the room.
Date Session#
Activity Page#
11/7 & 11/10
3 Milky Way Plate Tectonic Lab (turn in for a formal grade and tape into page 4 when returned)
5
WHITE BOARD QUICK TICKET REVIEW
Answer each question on the whiteboard ON YOUR OWN!
YOU GET ONE CHANCE, and if you are correct you will get a ticket!
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Draw and label the 4 main layers of the Earth:
What are the 2 type of crust?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Explain why the Earth’s interior is separated into these layers:• DENSITY
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS If it is so hot, why is the inner core solid?
• Because it is under so much intense PRESSURE from the other layers sitting on top of it.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Which 2 layers make up the lithosphere?
Which layer does the lithosphere sit on top of?
• Crust • Mantle (solid upper portion)
• Asthenosphere
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Which layer is broken into tectonic plates?
What are the 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries?
• Lithosphere
• Convergent, Divergent, Transform
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is the key word that goes with each type of boundary that indicates the type of movment?
•Convergent = Collide•Divergent = Divide•Transform = Slide
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is it called when one plate sinks beneath another?
Which plate will sink?
• Subduction
• The denser plate/oceanic
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What event occurs at all plate boundaries?
At which type of plate boundary will any mountains occur?
• Earthquakes
• Convergent
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS If new crust is created at
divergent boundaries, then why doesn’t Earth get any bigger?
• SUBDUCTION! As new crust is formed at a divergent boundaries, old crust is being melted down at convergent boundaries where subduction is occurring. New crust is being “created” at the same rate that old crust is being “destroyed.”
• Earth recycles itself!
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Draw the Rock Cycle to the best
of your ability from memory!
PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW Please turn to your note guide from last class
so you can reference it during the mini lab activity!
REVIEW: LANDFORMS VS. EVENTS What is the difference
between a landform and an event?
So, when the lab asks for a landform will you know what to write?
So, when the lab asks you for an event, will you know what to write?
MILKY WAY PLATE TECTONICS LAB We will be doing a mini-lab with Milky Way
bars to further demonstrate your understanding of plate tectonics and the features formed by plate movement.
You must complete all of the questions on the lab guide and you must follow my instructions at all times!
Make sure your lab guide is in the basket with your name on it at the end of the lab for a FORMAL grade!!
WARM-UP1) Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!2) Update your Table of Contents for today! 3) Get your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out…the one you used for your Milky Way
Lab!
Date Session#
Activity Page#
11/12 & 11/13
4 Evidence that Earth is Always Changing 7
Sea-floor Spreading Simulation 8
MILKY WAY LABS
What is a landform? Give me some examples…
What is an event? (specifically a geological event) Give me some examples…
So, what is the difference between a landform and an event?
Do you have your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out? Use your note guide to identify your errors on your Milky Way Lab.
REMEMBER… It is the movement of the tectonic plates that
cause the majority of changes on Earth. Some changes happen quickly, while others
happen slowly, but none have been more Earth changing than this…
HOW?
INTRO TO CONTINENTAL DRIFT…SORT OF https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzzGPfVx32M
PANGAEAScientist Alfred
Wegener noticed that Earth’s continents seemed to fit together like a puzzle, so he hypothesized that they were once joined in a single “super continent” called Pangaea
255 MILLION YEARS AGO
152 MILLION YEARS AGO
66 MILLION YEARS AGO THE EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURS
PRESENT DAY POSITION
50 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
150 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
250 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
This led to his Theory of Continental Drift – that although the continents were once joined, they slowly drifted apart!
But nobody believed him …why?
Wegener’s Evidence: 1. Matching rock layers on different continents
2. Matching fossils on different continents
3. Evidence of climate change – tropical plant fossils in cold places, ice scratches in warm places
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4
Harry Hess’ discovery turned the Theory of Continental Drift into the Theory of Plate Tectonics!
SEA FLOOR SPREADING The sea floor spreads apart at
divergent boundaries allowing new crust to form…this new crust builds Mid-Ocean ridges
The crust closest to the crack is the youngest while the crust further from the crack is older
MAGNETIC REVERSALS Minerals in the magma that rise through
the cracks in the sea floor align themselves with Earth’s magnetic poles (North and South)
As the rock cools, the minerals stay fixed in this position, like a compass
Earth’s poles periodically reverse. The “stripes” of rock along the ocean floor record these reversals.
MAGNETIC REVERSALS
SEA FLOOR SPREADING SIMULATION Cut Slits A, B & C as demonstrated! Quickly cut out your sea floor strip and tape
2 matching ends together! Thread the open ends up through Slit B
from the bottom Pull one side down through Slit A and the
other down through Slit C
SEA FLOOR SPREADING LAB
Read the “Introduction to Sea Floor Spreading”
Answer the Simulation Questions
You may work with yourTable partner!
“CONTINENTS ADRIFT”Conclusion Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrKTuCDierM
WARM-UP1) Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!2) Update your Table of Contents for today!
3) Get your “Continents Adrift” questions out to be checked!4) Review your notes from sessions 1-4 for a vocab game!
Date Session#
Activity Page#
11/14& 11/17
5 Hawaii…How? & Hot Spot Notes 9
Mapping the Hawaiian Islands 10
HOMEWORK: Vocabulary Practice Quiz 11
QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEW What is the former “supercontinent” called? Why is it called Pangaea? The idea that the continents had slowly
moved is called…? Who was the scientist that proposed the
idea of both Pangaea & Continental Drift? Why didn’t people believe him? What did he use as evidence to prove his
theory? What LAND FORM was later discovered on
the ocean floor that supported his theory?
QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEWHow is this land form created?This discovery turned the Theory of
Continental Drift into the Theory of…?We further discovered that the oldest
crust was located…? And the youngest crust was located…?Not only were there age patterns, but
patterns of what else?Which scientist is responsible for the
discovery of the Mid-Ocean Ridge & Sea-Floor Spreading?
HOT SPOTS! Read Hawaii…How? Should get taped to the top of page 9
HOT SPOTS! – Reading Comprehension Sacrifice
What is the Earth’s lithosphere made up of?Where can a volcano form?What plate are the Hawaiian Islands on?Are they at a plate boundary or a hot spot?What is a hot spot?Does a hot spot move?So what is moving?How many islands has this hot spot formed
to make the Hawaiian Island chain?Where are there other hot spots?
HOT SPOT VIDEOS – Discovery Education Hot Spots: The Formation of the Hawaiian
Islands Yellowstone’s Super Volcano: A Ticking Time
Bomb
HOT SPOTS Hot spots occur far from plate
boundaries. Magma rises and eventually melts
through the crust above it. The plate moves, but the hot spot stays
in the same place - creates a series of volcanic islands or volcanoes.
Hot spots help measure plate movement.
HOT SPOT DEMOAs you watch the demo write a
a 3-4 sentence description of what you see happening on page 9:
- Analyze the movement of the screen…- What does the screen represent?- What does the shaving cream represent?- What does the side view look like?
STEP 1: MAPPING THE HAWAIIAN HOT SPOTS!
1) Use the latitude and longitude coordinates to locate each of the Hawaiian islands on the map
2) Plot each island on the map – label it with the name
LATITUDE & LONGITUDE REVIEW Latitude – latitude lines are the horizontal
lines that are measured by how far North or South they are of the Equator (0) – written first
Longitude – longitude lines are the vertical lines that are measured by how far East or West they are of the Prime Meridian (0) –written second
Using latitude and longitude is very similar to using the X, Y coordinates on a graph
STEP 2: CALCULATING THE RATE OF MOVEMENT
Basic Formula: velocity = distance / time
Example for Midway Island:Step 1: Convert the age into millions of years
How do we turn 27.7 into millions of years?27.7 x 1,000,000 = 27,700,000
Step 2: Plug the numbers into the formulaVelocity = 2,432 km / 27,700,000 years = 0.00008779km/yr
Step 3: Convert km/yr to cm/yr (there are 100,000 cm in a km)
0.00008779 x 100,000 = 8.78 cm/yr! (round)
HOMEWORK Complete the Vocab Practice
Quiz…and review your notes!
There will be a Vocabulary Quiz NEXT CLASS…AND IT WON’T ALL BE MATCHING!
KEY VOCABULARY TERMS FOR THIS POWERPOINT…BUT DON’T FORGET THE ROCK CYCLE WORDS!!!
CrustMantleOuter CoreInner CoreLithosphereAsthenosphereConvection CurrentMagma/LavaLaw of
UniformitarianismTectonic PlatesSubduction
Divergent BoundaryConvergent BoundaryTransform BoundaryMid-Ocean RidgeRift ValleyDeep-ocean TrenchPangaeaContinental DriftSea floor SpreadingMagnetic ReversalHot Spot