W-_History Resources_Secondary 2_Chapter 5 (How Did External Events Before WWII Affect...

8/3/2019 W-_History Resources_Secondary 2_Chapter 5 (How Did External Events Before WWII Affect Singapore)_Chapter 5 Slides (1)

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5: How did External Events

before WWII affectSingapore?


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Outline

Industrial Revolution

Suez Canal

World War I

Great Depression


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5: How did External Eventsbefore WWII affect

Singapore?



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Origins Britain (1750-1830)

Gradual shift from rural andagricultural based production tomodern, town-based, factorymanufacturing

Why the shift?

Not contained in Britain


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What happened?

New machines invented e.g. spinning machine to make cloth (instead of

by hand)

New power source to drive the machinesinvented

e.g. steam engine


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As a result Because of new machines invented

People started to find work in factories(instead of agricultural work)

Mass migration from countryside to city

More raw materials needed from Asia

Because of new power sourceinvented

Traveling made more convenient


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Impact on Singapore

Increase in trade

1880s: Main port-of-call in the region Main link between East and West to

collect and distribute goods

Communication improved


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Singapore?

Suez Canal


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The Trading Route

London

Singapore

Straits of Melaka


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Suez Canal Today


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Fun Facts

Who built it: Ferdinand de Lesseps

When was it built:

1859-1869 Who paid for it:

France, Ottoman Empire,

Egypt

How much did it cost:Twice as much as originally

intended


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Why was the Suez Canal built?

Dangers of existing trade routeTraders were demanding a safer and

shorter route to the East as a result

of the Industrial Revolution


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As a result

The Mediterranean Sea was linkedwith the Red Sea

Reduced traveling time between Eastand West

Became one of the most popular andbusiest waterways in the world!


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Impact on Singapore

More affordable trading

Increase in trade

Over crowding of the Old Harbour


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The New Harbour


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The New Harbour

Between Singapore Island, PulauBrani and Pulau Blakang Mati(Sentosa)

Ideal conditions for ships to dock Singapore Harbour Board (1912)

Became one of the fastest and

busiest ports in Asia


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Singapore?

World War I


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Background

How did War break out?

Where was the Warfought?

Who fought in the War?

Casualties of the War


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Impact on Singapore(Domestically)

Food supply falls

People worried

Rush to buy food

Food prices increase

Government stepped in to control import and

exports


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Impact on Singapore(The Emden)

Arrived in Sept 1914

Threatened Singapores trade andshipping

Destroyed in Nov 1914 (by Australianwarship, the Sydney)


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Impact on Singapore

(The Sepoy Mutiny)

Miscommunication between

British orders and SepoyRegiment

Europeans were the main target

Casualties Valuable lessons learnt


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Execution of SepoyMutineers


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Memorial Tablet


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Singapore?

The Great Depression


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Where did it take place?


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Crash of theNew York Stock Exchange

People came out of the war (early 1920s)buying company shares on credit to makequick money.

However, people didnt have the money tobuy the goods made by the company.

By 1929, companies could not sell off theirgoods and were losing money.

People started to sell off their sharesrapidly. As people sold their shares, share prices

fell eventually leading to the collapse of

the New York Stock Exchange


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As a result

9,000 banks went out of business

9 million savings accounts wiped out

86,000 businesses failed

60% fall in wages

25% unemployment rate(15 million jobless)


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Food Kitchens


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The Unemployed


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Impact on Singapore Negatively affected trade

Unemployment and hardship

Government reaction

Quota imposed on number ofimmigrants allowed into Singapore

Unemployed Indians and Chinese weredeported back to home countries

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