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Carolina Distinguished ProfessorCarolina Distinguished ProfessorDepartment of GeographyDepartment of Geography

University of South CarolinaUniversity of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina 29208Columbia, South Carolina 29208

Elements of Image InterpretationElements of Image Interpretation

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Low Oblique Aerial PhotographLow Oblique Aerial Photograph

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High Oblique Aerial PhotographHigh Oblique Aerial Photograph

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Vertical Aerial PhotographVertical Aerial Photograph

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Reasons why photo/image interpretation are powerfulReasons why photo/image interpretation are powerfulscientific tools:scientific tools:

aerial/regional perspective ;

three-dimensional depth perception ;

ability to obtain knowledge beyond our human visual perception ;

ability to obtain a historical image record to document change .

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The Aerial/RegionalThe Aerial/RegionalPerspectivePerspective

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Three-dimensionalThree-dimensionalDepth PerceptionDepth Perception

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Obtaining KnowledgeObtaining KnowledgeBeyond our HumanBeyond our HumanVisual PerceptionVisual Perception

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Historical Image Record and Change Detection DocumentationHistorical Image Record and Change Detection Documentation

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Elements of ImageElements of ImageInterpretationInterpretation

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Jensen, 2007Jensen, 2007

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Elements of Image Interpretation - Tone and ColorElements of Image Interpretation - Tone and Color


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PanchromaticPanchromatic Black and White InfraredBlack and White Infrared

Tivoli North Bay on the Hudson River, NYTivoli North Bay on the Hudson River, NY

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Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newtondiscovered that whitediscovered that whitelight could belight could be

dispersed into itsdispersed into itsspectral componentsspectral componentsby passing it throughby passing it througha prism.a prism.


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GreenGreen RedRed Near-infraredNear-infrared

Color compositeColor compositeRGB = green, red, near-infraredRGB = green, red, near-infrared

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Normal ColorNormal ColorFilmFilm

latentimage

B. Film afterexposure

Blue

Green and blue

Red and blue

C. Film aftercolor reversal

processing

Blue Red

A. Scenereflectance Blue Green Red

D. Colors in the Positive Transparency Viewed by the Photo-interpreter

Exposure, Development, andColor Formation on Color Film

GreenBlue

blue - thecomplementarycolor of yellow

green - thecomplementary

color of magenta

red - thecomplementary

color of cyan

clear

Activated

Black

Black

White

B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R

White

B G R B G R

white light

Yellow dye layer

Cyan dye layer

Magenta dye layer

Activated

Activated

Activated

Activated

Activated

Internal Yellow filter (blue-blocking)

Y ellow Y ellow Y ellow

Magenta Magenta

Cyan Cyan Cyan

Magenta


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Aerial PhotographyAerial Photography

Normal ColorNormal Color False-color Infrared UsingFalse-color Infrared UsingWratten #12 filterWratten #12 filter


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Color-InfraredColor-InfraredFilmFilm

latentimage

B. Film after

Infrared sensitive layer

Green sensitive layer

Red sensitive layer

C. Film after colorreversal processing

Blue Green

Blue Green Red

Exposure, Development, and ColorFormation on False-Color Infrared Film

Blue

blue - thecomplementarycolor of yellow

green - thecomplementary

color of magenta

red - thecomplementary

color of cyan

Cyan

Activated

Activated

Activated

Infrared

B G R B G R B G R B G R

clear

Yellow

Magenta

Red

B G R

white light

Cyan dye layer

Magenta dye layer

Yellow dye layer

Yellow Wratten 12 filter (blue-blocking)

Cyan Cyan

Yellow Yellow

Magenta Magenta

Black

A. Scenereflectance

D. Colors in the Positive Transparency Viewed by the Photo-interpreter


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Aerial PhotographyAerial Photography



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Terrestrial PhotographyTerrestrial Photography



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Elements of Image Interpretation - SizeElements of Image Interpretation - Size


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Elements of Image Interpretation - ShapeElements of Image Interpretation - Shape


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Elements of Image Interpretation - TextureElements of Image Interpretation - Texture


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Elements of Image Interpretation - PatternElements of Image Interpretation - Pattern


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Elements of Image Interpretation - ShadowElements of Image Interpretation - Shadow


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Elements of Image Interpretation - Height and DepthElements of Image Interpretation - Height and Depth


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Elements of Image Interpretation -Elements of Image Interpretation -Site, Situation and AssociationSite, Situation and Association


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Methods of SearchMethods of Search

Use of Collateral InformationUse of Collateral Information

Convergence of EvidenceConvergence of Evidence

Use of the Multi-conceptUse of the Multi-concept

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CollateralCollateralInformationInformation

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ConvergenceConvergence

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ConvergenceConvergenceof Evidenceof Evidence

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_Chapter 5 2008

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Transcript of _Chapter 5 2008