WARM- UP DEC 2, 2013 23 DAYS UNTIL SANTA COMES

Why do we Classify organisms? What is cladogram? And describe what it shows

us? What is a common ancestor?

Describe 3 different ways scientists can prove common ancestry between a cat and a dog

BACTERIA AND VIRUSES Biology- Classification

Miss. Schwippert

BACTERIA

Eubacteria Largest Kingdom Live Everywhere Have cell wall made

of peptidoglycan Some have second

membrane Spores

Look similar and lack nuclei

Have cell wall but NO peptidoglygan and have a different lipid

DNA show relation to eukaryotes

Live in VERY harsh environments HOT, Salty, No

Oxygen

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

IDENTIFY BY SHAPE Bacilli= Rod Cocci= Spherical Spiralla= Spiral

CELL WALL Gram staining Gram Positive- has

peptidoglycan cell wall Will turn violet

Gram Negative- no peptioglycan cell wall Will be a lighter color (pink)

MOVEMENT Some don’t move Some have

Flagella Cilia or Pili

GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION Most reproduce very rapidly Some reproduce every 20 mins

In 48 hours there would be over 4000 times the amount of bacteria that we started with

Binary fission- Asexual Conjugation- transfer DNA Spore Formation- (endosprore) enclose DNA in

a thick protein coating- will protect DNA from the environment

IMPORTANCE TO HUMANS

Decomposers- will break down dead organisms Clean sewage Eat dead tissue

Nitrogen fixation Will take N2gas and make NH3 a compound plants

and animals can use Human use-

In stomach- help make vitamins (biotin and Vit K) Digest petroleum Clean water pollution

VIRUS- LATIN= “POISON”

Have nucleic acids, protein, and come have lipids

But they ARE NOT living Core = RNA or DNA that is surrounded by

protein coat Will bind to a receptor on the host

and infect their DNA into the host

VIRUSES- NOT LIVING

Reproduction- only with a host cell

Genetic code- DNA or RNA Growth/ development- NO Obtain and use energy- NO Response to environment-

NO Change overtime- Yes

Asexual or sexual

DNA Yes Yes Yes

Virus Living Cell

LYTIC CYCLE Make copies of itself and infect host

cell Cell cannot tell the difference between

virus’ DNA and its own Will transcribe and translate viral DNA Viral DNA and protein will eventually

chop and KILL the host cell Only after hundred of copies of the virus

was made

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DP-MAhr0YY

LYSOGENIC Will integrate itself into the host DNA Will remain dormant for some time It will eventually replicate itself along with the

host DNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P91nIGt1axs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68I7JlVhuhY

How a virus works

WARM UP

What type of life cycle is the flu? What type of life cycle is HIV?

VACCINES

Resembles disease causing agent Made from weakened or dead microbe Stimulates immune system and creates

memory cells

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

Production if antibodies by and organism after an encounter Natural- Due to infection Artificial- Vaccination

PASSIVE IMMUNITY Acquisition if

antibodies from another organism Natural- pass from

mother to child during placenta or breast milk

Artificial- Immune serum or antivenom