VULCAN DiTOX Process - Catalytic Reformer Vent Gas Abatement
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VULCAN DiTOX Process
By Gerard B Hawkins Managing Director
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78% N2 17% CO2 4% H2O 1% O2 1000 ppm HCl 20 ppm Cl2 trace organics
Semi-regens and cyclic reformers have variable vent
compositions , with peak chloride levels as above
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Presence of Cl , O2, C source, particulates Temperatures between 930-480 F (500-250 C)
Dioxin formation
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TEQ < 0.1 ng/m3 (Europe) MACT II ? Limits on chloride emissions ?
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1. Fixed bed active carbon ◦ Cheap, simple ◦ Cost of dioxin contaminated carbon disposal ◦ No chloride removal
2. Alkaline semi-dry scrubbing ◦ Messy ◦ Dioxin contaminated product again
3. Fabric filters ( + catalysed destruction) ◦ No chloride removal ◦ Dioxin contaminated bags
4. H2O2 catalysed destruction ◦ Peroxide hazard ◦ No chloride removal
5. High temperature Catalytic destruction ◦ High capital cost ◦ No chloride removal
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All these processes allow dioxins to form which are then removed ◦ Removal may not be complete ◦ Dioxin monitoring & analysis required Difficult Expensive
◦ Dioxin waste handling & disposal Highly regulated & controlled Difficult Expensive
◦ Dioxin contamination problems Plant & equipment contamination Maintenance procedures Personnel exposure & monitoring
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Dioxins form as gases cool ◦ 250-450C (480-840F)
Removal of dioxin pre-cursors at high temperature
Prevents dioxin formation
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Thin layer of high capacity alumina guard trap to catch particulates
Bed of VGP CRT-2000 ◦ Removes HCl and Cl2 ◦ Operation at 930-990F (500-550 C) ◦ Proven absorbent
Elimination of precursors to dioxin formation before cooling
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O2-enriched air
O2-depleted air
combustion
chloriding
redispersion
Regenerator
VGP CRT 2000
Vent
Burn-off loop
Guard Trap[
Can be fixed bed or moving bed
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Simple process Proven absorbents Prevents dioxin formation ◦ No plant contamination ◦ No disposal of contaminated materials ◦ No personnel health issues ◦ Minimises dioxin monitoring & analysis
Also removes HCl, Cl2 & particulates Cost effective Easily retrofitted
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