VOLUME 57, NUMBER 4 - Brooks Bird Club - Home 57, NUMBER 4 Editorial Staff Editor ... Constitution...

VOLUME 57, NUMBER 4

Editorial Staff

Editor Albert R Buckelew, Jr. Biology Department Bethany College Bethany, W.Va 26032 Field Notes Editor James D. Phillips 900 Revnolds Ave. Princeton, W. Va 24740 Banding News Editor Ralph K Bell RD. 1 Box 229 Clarksville, Pa. 15322 Advisory Editorial Board Eleanor Bush, Greg Eddy, George A. Hall, George F. Hurley, Nevada Laitsch, Patricia Temple

Contents

The 1985 Sortie, Kumbrabow State Forest. Kumbrabow Sortie Bird Ust

-Anne Eddy.

1985 Sortie Singing Male Census Report -Glen Phillips

Kumbrabow Breeding Bird Surveys -Ann H. Pyle .......... .

t-;oteworthy Plants of the Kumbrabow Sortie -E. E. Hutton

Ferns and Fern Allies at Kumbrabow -Ann H. Pyle.

Miscellaneous Obsen'ations

Sortie Participants

Wild Turkey Behavior during Hurricane Hugo -James D. Phillips ..

Calling Saw-whet Owl in Hampshire Countv -Stauffer Miller

The 1989 Christmas Bird Count - Leon P. Wilson

OCTOBER, 1990

Page

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.. 92

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.. 93

93

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Favorite Birding Area: Stony Creek. Summers County -J. Lawrence Smith .................................... 102

Banding News -Ralph K Bell

Field Notes - James D. Phillips.

Book Re\'iews

Constitution and Bv-Laws of the Brooks Bird Club, Inc. As Revised February 25, 1990

.108

. .. 109

.112

.113

THE REDSTART is published quarterly in January, April. July and October at 707 \\<arwood Ave., \\"hcding. \\'\" 26003. The journal of the Brooks Bird Club, it is mailed to all members in good standing. :\'on-member subscription price is 51·LOO. Individual copies 53.00 except the Foray issue which is 55.00. Changes of address and requests ior back issues should be mailed to 707 \Varwood Ave., Wheeling. \VV 26003. Articles for publication and books for re\'iew should b~ maileJ to th~ Editor.

Printed by The VaHey Press, Inc.. Wellsburg. WV 260iO

Printed on recycled piJper. @

82

The 1985 Sortie Kumbrabow State Forest

The 1985 Sortie was held at Kumbrabow State Forest in southern Randolph County. Elevations in the Forest range from 3000 to 3800 feet, the highest average elevation of any of West Virginia's state forests. The Sortie dates were June 19 through 24,1985.

Kumbrabow Sortie Bird List

Anne Eddy

Turkey Vulture - Five sightings. Sharp-shinned Hawk - One sighting. N. Laitsch, A. Eddy, G. Hurley. Broad-winged Hawk - Several individuals seen. Red-tailed Hawk - Two birds at top of mountain. J. Jones, G. Phillips, E. R Chandler. Ruffed Grouse - Common. Wild Turkey - One adult with nine young. G. Hurley. One adult on study plot B. Smith. Northern Bobwhite - Heard on two stops in valley. Killdeer - Four sightings. Not much habitat. Rock Dove - Six seen at two stops in bottom land. Mourning Dove - Not common. Four seen, five more on surveys. Great Horned Owl- One heard. A. Eddy and G. Eddy. Barred Owl- One heard on study plot G. Hall, N. Laitsch, A. Eddy, G. Eddy. Park superintendant also reported two individuals. Chimney Swift - Ten individuals. Uncommon. Ruby-throated Hummingbird - Three individuals seen. Red-bellied Woodpecker - One individual. Downy Woodpecker - Seven individuals. Hairy Woodpecker - More common than Downy. Northern Flicker - Four sightings. Uncommon. Pileated Woodpecker - Four individuals. Eastern Wood-Pewee - Uncommon. Eight on 10 mile runs, Three or more seen and heard. Acadian Flycatcher - Eight individuals heard. Uncommon. Willow Flycatcher - Two heard on 10 mile survey. A. Pyle. Least Flycatcher - Two heard in bog at old Bowers CCC Camp. One in bottom at lower elevation. Eastern Phoebe - Very few. Little habitat

THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990 83

Great Crested Flycatcher- Four individuals heard, plus one on study area and two on 10 mile surveys. Uncommon. Eastern Kingbird - Three individuals, Nevada Laitsch. Two on 10 mile runs. Rough-winged Swallow- Pair seen at St. John Rural Life Center near Huttonsville. N. Laitsch, A Eddy, G. Phillips. Barn Swallow - Common in limited habitat. Blue Jay - Not common, but not singing much. Seven to eight individuals. American Crow - More common in lower elevations. 33 individuals on 10 mile surveys. Common Raven - Uncommon. Black-capped Chickadee - Fairly common. Tufted Titmouse - Three or four individuals and 4 on 10 mile surveys. Red-breasted Nuthatch - Two on study areas. One on A Eddy's. One on G. Phillip's. Brown Creeper - Fairly common. House Wren - Five individuals, uncommon. Winter Wren - 14 individuals. Golden-crowned Kinglet - Three individuals, N. Laitsch, A Eddy. Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher - Not common. One at lower elevation. One at Cassells, N. Laitsch. One in 10 mile surveys. Eastern Bluebird - Fairly common in farm land. Veery - Very common. Hermit Thrust - Fairly common in higher elevations. Wood Thrush - Two nests found, E. R Chandler, J. Jones. Common. American Robin - Common. Gray Catbird - Found in edges. Fairly common. Brown Thrasher - Seven individuals. Parent with food, N. Laitsch. Cedar Waxwing - Locally abundant. European Starling - Not common. Solitary Vireo - Common at high elevations. Red-eyed Vireo - abundant. One nest found, A Eddy. Golden-winged Warbler - Two records, A Eddy, N. Laitsch. Northern Parula - Eight individuals. Two on 10 mile survey. Yellow Warbler - Rare. One individual, G. Hurley, N. Laitsch, A Eddy. Chestnut-sided Warbler - Fairly common in openings. Black-throated Blue Warbler - Very common in forests. Black-throated Green Warbler Uncommon but wide-spread. Five individuals heard on 10 mile survey. Blackburnian Warbler - Five individuals heard. Prairie Warbler - One individual heard on 10 mile survey. Black-and-white Warbler - Uncommon. Approximately 15 individuals heard. American Redstart - Uncommon. Five individuals and three on 10 mile survey. One on study area, G. Phillips. One at lower elevation, G. Hurley, N. Laitsch, A Eddy. Ovenbird - Nine individuals. they need drier woods. Louisiana Watherthrush - One pair seen at St. John Rural Life Center. One in camp.

84 THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990

Kentucky Warbler - Two birds. One on study area, G. Phillips. One on 10 mile survey. Mourning Warbler - Fairly common locally in slashes. Common Yellowthroat - Uncommon. Fourteen on 10 mile runs. Three at lower elevation, G. Phillips, N. Laitsch, A Eddy. Nest with four eggs on mountain, N. Laitsch. Hooded Warbler - Fairly common. Eleven individuals on 10 mile survey. Canada Warbler - Not commcm. Several individuals heard. Yellow-breasted Chat - Two individuals on 10 mile surveys. Scarlet Tanager - Less common than expected. Thirteen on 10 mile surveys. Northern Cardinal- Four individuals on 10 mile survey. Three others reported. Rose-breasted Grosbeak - Fairly common. Fairly well distributed. Indigo Bunting - Common. Rufous-sided Towhee - Not common. Chipping Sparrow - Common at roadsides and residences. Savannah Sparrow - Rare. One on 10 mile survey. Song Sparrow - Uncommon. Eighteen on 10 mile survey. Swamp Sparrow - Uncommon. One in Bowers CCC Camp bog. Dark-eyed Junco - Not as common as expected. Red-winged Blackbird - Common at lower elevations. Eastern Meadowlark - Uncommon. Eight on 10 mile surveys. Brown-headed Cowbird - Flocking and individuals. Fairly common. Northern Oriole - One individual at lower elevation, N. Laitsch. Purple Finch - Family at Bowers CCC Camp bog, A Eddy. Several other singing males. American Goldfinch - Fairly common. House Sparrow - Uncommon. Only around houses.

1985 Sortie Singing Male Census Report

Glen Phillips

The members of the 1985 Sortie had the unique opportunity of trying a first in the history of singing male census studies by Brooks Bird Club members. The traditional plot has been a rectangle of 6.07 hectares (see The Redstart 53 (1) :12), but in 1985 it was decided to increase the size to 10 hectares and to decrease the length to width ratio from 6 x 1 where possible. The ultimate ratio of 1 x 1 was reached at the Sortie. Terrain permitted a 10 hectare plot to be laid out square. The square was gridded in such a way as to permit trips to be made through the plot in both N-Sand E-W directions. This allowed a singing bird to be located from at least two directions. Three teams of operators were used and the summation was made by George HalL

Probably the square can be used but few times in the future in West Virginia because of the broken terrain in our hills, but where that is impractical, 10 hectare rectangular plots will be used. In case of a unique area, too small for 10 hectares,


where study is desired, the traditional plot may be used or a plot map can be drawn to cover the desired situation A 10 hectare rectangular plot was studied by another team.

Thrush pairs seemed to be more plentiful in the damp woodland of Kumbrabow, and vireos were noticeably increased from the scarcity experienced in Hardy County during the Foray completed only a week previously.

MAPLE - OAK - BASSWOOD - Location: West Virginia; Randolph County; 9 miles east of Pickens, WV; starts 38 0 39' 52"N, 80 0 02' 58"W, Adolph Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres (rectangular, 141 x 848 yards, measured longitudinally and estimated laterally). Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are Sugar Maple (AceI' saccharum) and Red Oak (Qllercus /'libra). Most prominent in the understory are Maple seedlings (A saccharum) and Striped Maple (A pellsylvarlicum). The ground cover is primarily Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis) and Black Snakeroot (Cimicifllga racemosa). A quantitative survey of the vegetation gave the following results: Trees 3-inches diameter and over, based on six 0.1 acre circular samples, 253/ acre; total basal area 95 sq. ft.!acre. Species comprising 93% of the total number of trees: Sugar Maple, 98, 39, 30, 100; Red Oak, 10, 3, 9, 16, 17; Basswood (Tilia americarza) , 28, 11, 14, 67; Black Birch (Betula lenta), 18,9,10,67; Hickory (Carya sps.), 22, 8.5, 9, 50; Black Cherry (PrUlHls serotina), 15,5.9,5,17; Dead Trees, 17,6.5,4.9,83; Black Locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia), 15,5.9, 2.6,67, Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), 11.6,4.5,1.2,33. The four figures following each tree species denote: number of trees per acre, relative density%, relative dominance % and relative frequency respectively. Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 90,59,15,16; B (6-9 in.) 32,53,16,17; C (9-15 in.) 20,33,27,28; D (15-21 in.) 8,13,24,25; E (21-27 in.) 1,1.6,5,5; F (27-33 in.) 1,6.7,8,9. Respectively, the four figures following each tree size show: number of trees per acre for that class, relative density, basal area per acre by class, and relative dominance. Shrub stems/acre 3966; ground cover48%; canopy cover97%; average canopy height SO ft. (range 56-111). Plant names are from Flora of West Virginia by Strausbaugh and Core. Edge: Bisected by rural roadway through otherwise unbroken woodland. Topography: Steep east-facing slope and following roadway from elevation 3340 to 3060. Weather: Fair days, rain almost every night. Coverage: June 19 to June 22,1985. Sixteen trips between dawn and 0745 hours or1820 and 1910 hours E.D.T. Total partyhours: 11. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 8 (80,32); Black-throated Blue Warbler, 4.5 (45, 18); Wood Thrush, 3.5 (35,14); Indigo Bunting 3.5 (35,14); Black-throated Green Warbler, 2.0; Eastern Wood Pewee, 1.0; American Robin, 1.0; Veery, 1.0; Solitary Vireo, 1.0; Hooded Warbler, 1.0; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1.0; Dark-eyed Junco, 1.0; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 0.5; Cardinal, 0.5; Red-tailed Ha\vk, +; Downy Woodpecker, Black-capped Chickadee, White-breasted Nuthatch, +; Scarlet Tanager, +; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, +; American Goldfinch, +. Total 21 species; 27.5 territorial males (275/km., 119 per 100 acres). Visitors: Great Crested Flycatcher, Magnolia Warbler, Kentucky Warbler and American Redstart. Remarks: Some confusion on this plot resulted from similarity between Cerulean and Blackthroated Blue Warbler songs here. Only be seeing the birds could a decision be made as to species. Two Wood Thrush nests were found. There was better Wood Thrush singing here than the compiler has experienced in some years. The chickadees and nutcatches had evidently hatched their broods and were not occupying


territories. The Indigo Buntings were a result of the slight break in the canopy caused by the roadway. The steep slope of the hillside made the vegetation survey especially difficult. Census Participants: Ken Anderson, Elizabeth and E. R Chandler, Anne, Graham, Greg and Nancy Eddy, George Hurley, E. E. Hutton, Jr., Virginia Johnson, John Jones, George Koch, Nevada Laitsch, Reba Pfalzgraf, Glen Phillips (compiler) and Bill Smith.

BIRCH - MAPLE - BEECH FOREST - Location: West Virginia; Randolph County; Kumbrabow State Forest, 7 miles E. of Pickens; the NE corner at 38° 39' 42"N, 80 0 03' 45"W, Adolph Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 10 ha =

24.7 acres. A square plot, 1038 feet each side, measured. The bearing of the eastern edge is 30°E. Description of Plot A mature mixed forest 90% deciduous, 10% coniferous, last cut over about 60 years ago. The conifers are E. Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and an occasional Red Spruce (Picea rllbens). The dominant canopy trees are Black Birch (Betllia lenta) and Sugar Maple (AceI' saccharum). The understory consists of Striped Maple (A pensylvarlicum), Witch Hazel (Haramelis virginiana) and saplings of canopy trees. The ground cover is primarily ferns and mosses. There is some Partridge Berry (Mitcilelia repells) , Canada Mayflower (MaiantiJemum carzadense) , and Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). The results of a quantitative vegetation survey based on nine 0.1 acre samples are: Trees 3-inches dbh and over, 264/ acre; total basal area 225 sq. ft.! acre. SpeCies comprising 94% of the total number of trees: Black Birch, 41, 16, 24, 89; Sugar Maple, 49, 18, 18, 67; Red Maple (A rubrum), 4, 2, 4, 22; American Beech (Fagus grandifolia), 39, 15, 15,89; E. Hemlock, 57, 22, 10, 89; Black Cherry (Pnlllus serotina) , 6, 2, 7, 22; Mountain Magnolia (Magnolia fraseri), 4, 3, 5, 44; Cucumber Tree (M. acumillata), 6, 2,3,33; Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana), 4, 2, 2, 33; Red Oak (0. /'libra), 4, 2, 1,33; Dead Trees, 29,11,6,89. The four figures following each species name are number of trees per acre, relative density %, relative dominance % and relative frequency, respectively. Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 117,44,12,6; B (6-9 in.) 47, 19, 15,7; C (9-15 in.) 42, 16,34,15; D (15-21 in.) 26,10,44,19; E (21-27 in.) 17,6,52,23; F (27-33 in.) 8,3,37, 17; G (33-40 in.) 4,2,31,13. The four figures following tree sizes denote number of trees per acre, relative density, basal area per acre by class and relative dominance, respectively. Shrub stems/acre 6650; ground cover 20%; canopy cover 95%; average canopy height 86 ft. (range 66-98). Edge: Bounded on all sides by similar habitat. Topography: Relatively level mountain top. Slopes down to west. Elevation: 3250-3475 ft. Weather: Clear and mild, some early morning fog. Coverage: June 20, 21, 22; 0545-0715, 1900-2000;. Total party-hours: 13 plus 4 vegetation survey. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 7.5 (75,30); Magnolia Warbler, 5.5 (55,22); Veery, 4.5 (45, 18); Black-throated Blue Warbler, 4.5 (45, 18); Solitary Vireo, 3 (30, 12); Dark-eyed Junco, 2; Winter Wren, 1.5; Brown Creeper, 1; Black-throated Green Warbler, 1; Blackburnian Warbler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 0.5; Black-capped Chickadee, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, +; Hermit Thrush, +. Total: 16 species; 34 territorial males (340/sq.km, 137/100 acres). Visitors: Turkey, Barred Owl, Pileated Woodpecker, Eastern Wood Pewee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Wood Thrush. Remarks: The hemlock was more abundant and had a greater influence on the habitat than is indicated by the results from the randomly picked vegetation plots. Recent fledglings of both'Magnolia and Blackthroated Blue Warblers seen. Family groups of Chickadee and White-breasted


Nuthatch moved throughout the study area. Participants: Ken Anderson, Kyle Bush, Elizabeth Chandler, Anne and Greg Eddy, George A. Hall (compilier), George Hurley, E E Hutton, Jr., Virginia Johnson, John Jones, George Koch, Nevada Laitsch, Bill Smith.


Kumbrabow Breeding Bird Surveys

AnnH. Pyle

Three breeding bird surveys by car were run during Sortie at Kumbrabow State Forest. The dates were June 21,22, and 23. Stops were made each one-half mile for three minutes, and all birds seen or heard at each station were recorded. The surveys included: Route 1, Kumbrabow camping area to Huttonsville, 20 stops; Route 2, first right branch of the road from Kumbrabow camping area towards Pickens, 20 stops; and Route 3, Bill Crouch Branch (off US. 219), 15 stops. The runs started at about 5:28 each morning and ended in time for breakfast with the other campers (about 9 a.m), except for one late run. The roads in the forest were mainly rockbased and the rocks were extremely sharp, which made travel slow and difficult. Reba Pfalzgraf was the navigator and timer for the surveys.

We were assisted on Route 2 by Kenneth Anderson and Eugene Hutton, and on Route 3 by Ken Anderson and Kyle Bush. The mornings were cool and invigorating and the forest was beautifuL We were thrilled to hear the Mourning Warbler at the slashings on Route 2. Also, on that run, after hearing the exciting melody of a Brown Creeper, a Blackburnian Warbler or a Canada Warbler, or after seeing an especially gorgeous orchid at a stop, we sometimes piled three stones on the roadside to mark the location so the beauty could later be recaptured.

NUMBERS OF BIRDS BY SPECIES THREE BREEDING BIRD SURVEYS - KUMBRABOW SORTIE

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Broad-winged Hawk 1 1 1 Northern Bobwhite 2 2 2 Killdeer 2 2 2 Rock Dove 6 6 2 Mourning Dove 5 3 8 7 Chimney Swift 2 2 1 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 1 1 1 Red-bellied Woodpecker 1 1 1 Downy Woodpecker 3 3 6 5 Hairy Woodpecker 2 2 2 Northern Flicker 1 1 2 2


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Pileated Woodpecker 2 1 3 3 Ovenbird 4 1 5 4 Eastern Wood-Pewee 5 3 8 8 Kentucky Warbler 1 1 1 Acadian Flycatcher 3 1 1 5 5 Mourning Warbler 2 2 1 Willow Flycatcher 2 2 1 Common Yellowthroat 9 5 14 11 Eastern Phoebe 6 1 2 9 8 Hooded Warbler 9 2 11 7 Great Crested Flycatcher 1 1 2 2 Canada Warbler 7 7 5 Eastern Kingbird 2 2 2 Yellow-breasted Chat 2 2 2 Barn Swallow 5 2 6 13 5 Scarlet Tanager 6 4 3 13 12 Blue Jay 1 2 3 3 Northern Cardinal 4 4 4 American Crow 7 6 20 33 22 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 4 4 3 Common Raven 1 1 1 Indigo Bunting 19 11 10 40 30 Black-capped Chickadee 2 5 3 10 8 Rufous-sided Towhee 4 7 11 10 Tufted Titmouse 2 2 4 4 Chipping Sparrow 4 3 7 14 12 White-breasted Nuthatch 3 3 3 Field Sparrow 11 11 5 Brown Creeper 2 2 2 Savannah Sparrow 1 1 1 House Wren 2 2 2 Song Sparrow 7 1 10 18 6 Winter Wren 3 3 3 Dark-eyed Junco 17 17 11 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 1 1 1 Red-winged Blackbird 22 37 59 15 Eastern Bluebird 2 2 4 8 3 Eastern Meadowlark 3 5 8 7 Veery 6 27 33 29 Common Grackle 12 2 14 3 Hermit Thrush 2 2 1 5 3 Brown-headed Cowbird 2 11 13 7 Wood Thrush 25 3 4 32 20 American Goldfinch 7 5 11 23 12 American Robin 13 10 20 43 20 House Sparrow 10 2 12 5 Gray Catbird 1 1 1 3 3 TOT AL SPECIES 45 37 46 72 Brown Thrasher 3 3 2 TOT AL INDIVIDUALS 259 209 235 703 Cedar Waxwing 6 6 1 European Starling 1 1 2 2 At the 55 stops, we recorded 72 species with a total of 703 individual birds. Solitary Vireo 2 6 8 7 Dr. Hutton said he has been surprised when he heard and saw the Cerulean at Red-eyed Vireo 19 36 12 67 29 Bickle Knob, which was a high elevation for this species. Northern Parula 2 2 2 Chestnut-sided Warbler 6 2 1 9 5 1111 Lakeview Drive Magnolia Warbler 12 12 6 Parkersburg, WV 26104 Black-throated Blue Warbler 3 11 14 9 Black-throated Green Warbler 5 5 5 Blackburnian Warbler 2 2 2 Prairie Warbler 1 1 1 Black-and-White Warbler 1 1 2 2 American Redstart 3 3 2

90 THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990 THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990 91

Noteworthy Plants of the Kumbrabow Sortie

E. E.Hutton

Phalaris arundinacea L Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) F. T. Hubb. Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Lillium canadense L Orchis spectabilis L Habenaria psycodes (L) Spreng. Iris pseudacorus L Trautvettaria caroliniensis (Walt) Vail Actaea pachypoda Ell Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. Anmcus dioicus (Walt) Fernald Oxalis montana Raf. Digitalis purpurea L

Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.

Reed Canary Grass Long Mannagrass Fowl Mannagrass Canada Lily Showy Orchis Small Purple-fringed Orchid Yellow Iris Tasselrue White Baneberry Golden Saxifrage Goatsbeard White Wood Sorrel Purple Foxglove (Introduced by Swiss colonists for heart medication in Helvetia.) Meehania Hobblebush

Ferns and Fern Allies at Kumbrabow

AnnH. Pyle

Annual rainfall at the beautiful mountainous Kumbrabow State Forest is about the highest in the State of West Virginia. This accounts for exceedingly lush and dense growths of ferns and clubmosses over the area, particularly on the forest floor and roadbanks.

Deep in the tall, matted grasses of a swampy area, Reba Pfalzgraf uncovered many specimens of the Adder's Tongue; in a small ravine nearby, Bill Grafton spotted the small Bog Clubmoss; and later the same day Bill found the Crested Shield Fern in a bog.

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium lucidulum L immdatum L obscunwl val'. dendroideum

92

Common Horsetail

Shining Clubmoss Bog Club moss Groundpine

THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990

L clavatum L flabelliforme OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium virginimzum Ophioglossum vulgatum OSMUNDACEAE Osmlmda cimzamomea 0. claytonimza POLYPODIACEAE Woodsia obtusa Cystopteris fragilis Onoclea sensibilis Phegopteris cOlllzectilis P. hexagonoptera Thelypteris noveborancensis Dryopteriscristata D. goldiana D. marginalis D. spinulosa D. intermedia Polystichum acrosticilOides Delllzstaedtia pu nctilobula Athyrium thelypterioides A angllstulll val'. rubelhml A asplenioides Asplenium platyneuron A trichomanes Adiantum pedatum Polypodium virginiammz

Common Clubmoss Groundpine

Rattlesnake Fern Adder's Tongue

Cinnamon Fern Interrupted Fern

Blunt-lobed Woodsia Brittle Fern Sensitive Fern Long Beech Fern Broad Beech Fern New York Fern Crested Shield Fern Goldie's Shield Fern Marginal Shield Fern Spinulose Shield Fern Intermediate Wood Fern Christmas Fern Hay Scented Fern Silvery Athyrium Northeastern Lady Fern Southern Lady Fern Ebony Spleenwort Maidenhair Spleenwort Maidenhair Fern Common Polypody

1111 Lakeview Drive Parkersburg, WV 26104

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERV A nONS

Mammals, or signs noted, included the white-footed deer mouse, white-tailed deer, pine squirrel, gray squirreL skunk, cottontail rabbit, active beaver dams and fresh black bear tracks.

Herps and reptiles noted included the ring-necked snake, garter snake, tree frog, bull frog, and spring peeper.

SORTIE PARTICIPANTS

Sortie participants included Ken Anderson, Kyle Bush, Libby and Pete Chandler, Anne, Nancy and Graham Eddy, Emily, William and Daniel Grafton, George HalL George Hurley, Eugene Hutton, Virginia Johnson, John Jones, George Koch, Nevada Laitsch, Reba Pfalzgraf, Glen Phillips, Ann Plye, and Bill Smith.


Wild Turkey Behavior During Hurricane Hugo

James D. Phillips

Hurricane Hugo was a regular news item during September, 1989. The force of the storm was devastating to everything in its path of destruction. Normally, West Virginians only experience hurricanes vicariously. Hugo was different in this respect. The storm continued across the Carolinas and Virginia and paid a visit to the mountain state. Although the intensity of the storm had greatly diminished by the time it reached West Virginia, the southern counties of Mercer and Summers seemed to take the brunt of the damage in this area. Storms of this type often deposit unusual birds for a day or so. I looked around the area but could find none. However, I did make some interesting observations of a flock of Wild Turkeys at the Pipestem State Park Nature Center, Summers County.

The storm came through Pipestem about9:30 a.m. on September22. Winds were reported to have been 50-60 mph and nearly three inches of rain fell on that day. Most of the songbirds, deer and other wildlife seemed to make themselves scarce at the approach of the storm. A flock of Wild Turkeys, on the other hand, strolled through the yard of the nature center as it nothing was happening. All but one of the fifteen birds crossed the yard and entered the woods. One very large male stopped about ten feet from the woods and froze. He stood looking up at the sky and did not move for a full 20 minutes. During this time it was raining and the wind was howling. A 25-30 foot Black Locust fell into the yard about75 feet away. He remained motionless. Eventually he went the way of the other birds. After the storm the entire group came back through the yard. When they reached the fallen tree they stopped and peered nervously through the branches for several minutes. Then they walked, hopped and cra,vled through the branches and returned from whence they came.

I am sure that many of our birders were searching for some rare species-additions to a county, state or life list, but it would be interesting to see if any noticed unusual behavior in any of the more common bird neighbors. A careful observer may notice something the rest of us never thought to consider.

900 Reynolds Ave. Princeton, WV 24740

94 THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990 THE REDSTART - OCTOBER, 1990 95

Calling Saw=whet Owl In Hampshire County

Stauffer Miller

A birder friend who lives in Frederick had the experience of hearing a Saw-whet Owl calling. The friend has a cottage along the road between Slanesville and Augusta in Hampshire County, and he was staying there overnight March 9 and 10, 1990.

He reported hearing the single high pitched repetitive call. At first he didn't know what he was hearing. He eventually realized it could be nothing but a Saw-whet Owl. The calling continued steadily through the early evening hours both days, and he eventually \\'alked the low pines growing near the cottage and, using a tlashlight, spotted the bird. He says it \\'as calling at a rate of 60 to 100 calls per minute. The raspy sawing-like call was not heard.

According to Ann Swengel, who wrote about Saw-whet Owls in the JanuaryFebruary, 1990 issue of Bird- Watelzer's Disest, the owl vocalizes most frequently during the evening and nighttime hours oflate winter and early spring and repeats a single, short high-pitched note, sometimes for a very long time. She says this is the territorial song and is diagnostic of the species. The only sound that might be confused with it is that of the spring peeper frog and in the \Vest, the Northern pyamv Owl. .0 .

It would be of interest to know if Saw-Whets are breeding in this location, and, if any Hampshire County birders are interested, I could give them the exact location so as to check this possibility.

5521 Feagaville Lane Frederick MD 21701

The 1989 Christmas Bird Count

Leon P. Wilson

The number of areas reporting continues to vary from year to year. There were nineteen reports received this year. We have thirteen reports from West Virginia, one from Ohio, four from Pennsylvania, and one from Virginia.

Twelve of the counts took place on December 30th, which, generally speaking. was a day of milder temperatures than the other report days. The temperatures reported ranged from a low of -13 degrees F on December 23 to 50 degrees F on December 30th. Snow cover ranged from none on most counts to 18 inches for Clarion County, Pennsylvania.


The European Starling was again no. 1 with a total of 20,782 being sighted. Upon checking the count data for the previous five years, it was found that of the top nine of the twelve highest individual counts, only the Mallard (1985) has failed to be listed each year. The House Finch declined in numbers reported this year and fell from no. 3 to no. 5 on the list

The Carolina Wren and Eastern Bluebird continue to be stable after the recovery from the winter of 1984-85. There were 693 Carolina Wrens and 645 Eastern Bluebirds reported this year.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

GREATEST NUMBER OBSERVED

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12.

European Starling Dark-eyed Junco Mourning Dove House Sparrow House Finch Rock Dove American Crow Mallard Northern Cardinal Blue Jay Brown-headed Cowbird Song Sparrow

20,782 4,847 4,578 4,359 4,355 4,328 3,748 3,525 3,259 2,298 2,053 1,976

OBSERVED ON ALL COUNTS

Mourning Dove 9. Northern Cardinal Red-bellied Woodpecker 10. Song Sparrow Downy Woodpecker 11. White-throated Sparrow Blue Jay 12. Dark-eyed Junco American Crow 13. House Finch Eastern Tufted Titmouse 14. American Goldfinch White-breasted Nuthatch 15. House Sparrow Carolina Wren

OBSERVED ON ONE COUNT ONLY

Common Loon 1 7. Water Pipit Mute Swan 2 8. Northern Shrike Redhead 2 9. Pine Warbler Ring-necked Duck 14 10. Vesper Sparrow House Wren 1 11. Snow Bunting Gray Catbird 1 12. Brewer's Blackbird

1 1 1 1

24 3

P.O. Box 105 Ona, WV 25545


1989 Christmas Bird Counts

AREA OF COUNT

Count No.

Number of Species Number of Individuals

Common Loon Pied-billed Grebe Horned Grebe Double-crested Cormorant Great Blue Heron

Mute Swan Snow Goose Canada Goose Wood Duck

Teal

American Black Duck Mallard Northern Pintail Northern Shoveler Gadwall

American Widgeon Canvasback Redhead Ring-necked Duck Common l;(IIc1pn,?vp

Bufflehead Hooded Merganser Common Merganser Red-breasted Merganser

Black Vulture Turkey Vulture Bald Eagle Northern Harrier ~n,ar1'-smrme,a Hawk

Cooper's Hawk Red-shouldered Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Rough-legged Hawk buteo, sp.

98

1

23 209

2

55 5382

7

219 2

1

22 886

3

1 7

5

3

79 5005

2

9

324

9

56 286

1

2

6

4

11

2 2

29

13 23

2

2

22 2

4

47 2564

89

126

1

2

1

5

28 178

11

6

64 3638

1 1

2

35 75

15 272

1

1

1 4

7

7

64 6197

2

52

2

1

1 1

6

2

1


8

38 1670

174

20 98

2

1

9

75 7124

1

3 1

24

1

276

139 365

14

2

10

1

7

2

5 20

1

10

57 7410

3

9

9

2

2

2

11

57 3194

6

6

2

9

124

1

1

11

12

69 2878

1

2

199

38 165

2

1

2

19

5 30

1

1 2

3

13

44 1792

1 1

4

18 556

1

2


14

56 4836

6

204

61 349

1

2

47

1 2

27

2

2

15

53 5692

1

2

1

2

16

16

52 4390

1

50

24 139

5

16

17

57 4270

16

19

1

1

8

14

18

36 1050

1

2

15 1

99

19

72

17400

14

2

15 6

181

5 17

72

6

54

5

1 21

AREA OF COUNT

Count No.

Golden Eagle American Kestrel Ring-necked Pheasant Ruffed Grouse Wild

Northern Bobwhite American Coot Killdeer Common Snipe Ring- billed Gull

Herring Gull Rock Dove Mourning Dove Eastern Screech-Owl Great Horned Owl

Barred Owl Short-earred Owl Belted Kingfisher Red-headed Woodpecker Red- bellied

Yellow- bellied Sapsucker Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker

Eastern Phoebe Horned Lark Blue Jay American Crow Fish Crow

crow, sp. Common Raven Black-capped Chickadee Carolina Chickadee chickadee,

Eastern Tufted Titmouse Red-breasted Nuthatch White-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper Carolina Wren

100

1

1

12

2

2

2

4

2

10

10

4

2

2

6

1

493 285

1

40

8

51 4

26 27

2

40 175

89

196

117 1

84

3 102

3

9 2

10

25 6

16

2

291 303

1

8

33

8

41 2

25 11

5 53

350 2

8

3 47 72 12

71 5

24 8

44

;;.S:

4

8

1

9

220 76

2

4

1 28

4

4

3

152 167

103

83 6

44 1

8

5

26

1

2

2

1

4

4

3

3

2

1

2

;;.

S:'" , a:> C '" .9 ... eo , c '" ::N C <oJ :I '" :to

6

2

1

35

6

407 70

7

1

1

32

8 31

2 10 11

1

2

121 67

111

50

42 7

65

7

14

7 1

33

11 10

126 228

1

3

4

32

6 58

3 42 30

244 160

2

7

2

44 60 28

79 3

46 7

58


8

3

219 42

3

11

22

3 4

6

51 39

19

54

38

17

22

9

33

10

27 1

9

54 313

18 9

4 1 6 1

33

3 64

7

33 19

4

172 604

140

83 3

63 4

98

10

11

20

345 622

21 6

1

3 51

3 109

15 24 14

283 126

148 157

239 4

115 12

123

11

12

1

2

52 218

3 1

6

1

9

5 39

3 11 10

68 278

30 26

64

28 1

22

12

1

6 47

4 2

6

123 39

4

4

17 35

7 21 13

3 1

54 279

1

2

25 64

69 6

37

16

13

2 1

10 8

7 36

18

2

23 3 1

3

24 171

30 46

53 12 32

3 8

14

2 1 5 4

1

1

4

961 261

3

23

55 7

8

4

137 121

141

131 7

55 1

15


<: ~'" > a:> o '" U'" c c' o '" .~ ~ 00

15

7

2

16 38

57 228

2

2

2

50 13

1 6

4

234 188

317

120 11 80

7

5

16

6 5 9

15

153 376

7

7

1

37

2

28 12

7

5

115 753

2 93

148 1

42 2

36

17

15

5 16

1 3

178 411

9

5

1

3

30

6

66 13

9 5

111 98

40 74 65

157 26 66

6

29

18

2

17 41

1

1

15

16 9 8 5

44 54 56

62

45

22

8

101

19

37

2

14 4 3

18

625 991

1 3

7 4

30

33

5 13 11

50 242 196

7

5 6

48

83 2

13 6

30

AREA OF COUNT

Count No.

House Wren Winter Wren Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet Eastern Bluebird

Hermit Thrush American Robin Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Brown Thrasher

Water Pipit Cedar Waxwing Loggerhead Shrike Northern Shrike European Starling

Yel-rmp. (Myrtie) Warbler Pine Warbler Northern Cardinal Rufous-sided Towhee American Tree

Chipping Sparrow Field Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Savannah Sparrow Fox

Song Sparrow Swamp Sparrow White-throated Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco

Snow Bunting Red-winged Blackbird Eastern Meadowlark Rusty Blackbird Brewers Blackbird

Common Grackle Brown-headed Cowbird Purple Finch House Finch White-winged Crossbill

Pine Siskin American Goldfinch

102

1

1

12

4

8

12

4

2

4

80

20

2

5 36

27

2

215

42 1

10

961

21

126 71

2

117

72 1

107

4

143

6

174

177 78

> ~'" , Ctl

:: '" o .... Vi ' '" "" - ,... ... '" t.l .:: '" uo

3

5 21

45

3

1

71

13 1

1205

2 1

249

31

4

13

61 8

136 97

329

8 2

21

15 10

4

104

8 46

4

1

16

32

20

2

97

414

94 6

2

1

24

27

131

1 8 8

170

134 56

5

2

10

1

1

14

6

3

3

6

5

10

4

45 3

> ~'" , Ctl

:: '" .B .... eo , :: '" .- N

-= t.l = '" :to

6

2

23 1

23

19 19

27

12

631

69

119 36

3

2

9

2

139 5

115 20

112

1

2

3 230

281 54

7

89

62

23 244

79

40 3

2934

24

195 10 56

24

35 11 93 22

506

16 1

1

13 113

5

8 63


8

19

6

4

9

1

396

1

113 1 6

19

57

29

58

7 14

7

9

5 30

29

9 25

45

15

1167

18

240 57

185

4

7

2

516 51

283 115 282

218 79 12

12 20

2

220

34 152

10

50

109

3 133

67

89

1121

9

681 23 29

22

2

407 10

156 81

331

93 1

67 37

1

480 1

148 329

11

13

81

21 1

26

1 5

618

9

63

4

46

89 17

350

56 8 1

3 35

1

438

21 41

12

5 46

1 23

13 40

3

43

54

24

81 21

2

4

4

107 7

165

572

1 2 2

14 119

36 60

13

31

9

1

1

21

102

7

113

10

42

18

61

38

65 15


14

29

1

40

3

839

171 1

37

9

72

2 1

174

3

4

309

38 84

< ~'" > Ctl o '" u .... :: 0 o '" "i: .J

'" '" 00

15

1 19

7

1

154

1

219

1

1371

2

119 1

116

12

44 8

817

3

1

3 128 478

9 202

16

1

72

28

11

651

9

333 1

56

4

69

16 3

163

14

7

513

8 32

17

1 49

47

1

1

6

376

6

347 3

58

1

155

47 3

405

4

1

4

2 511

16 146

18

8

15

18

69

1

64

50

38

1

123

24

1

81

8

19

2 26

57

1 67

70

6

7859

103

37

133

1

20 1

72 1

183 187 309

77 77

610 3

1519 1929

22 279

26 85

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a 1 ~ w 1 ~ 1

Blacksville, WV ::s ~ Dec. 18, 1989 0 ::s r> 0

I N I ~ I g; I Charleston, WV

p.. Dec. 30, 1989 .. '-;<:

I~ .1 w 1 Chadeston, WV

o-j Dec. 16, 1989 ::t: tTl

g:; I ~ ~ I ~ I 0 Elkins, WV fJJ o-j

> :;r:I

1 w I 1 OJ 1 Elkview, WV o-j

I Dec. 30, 1989

0 ()

I ~ I I ~ 1 o-j Huntington, WV 0 Dec. 23, 1989 0:1 tTl .?O

~ ..... 0 Inwood, WV \0 ~ \0 " \0 Dec. 30, 1989 0

" ~ Morgantown, WV

U1 Dec. 30, 1989

\0 I \0 I Ona, WV N

o-j Dec. 17,1989

::t: tTl :;r:I I ~ I 1

61

Parkersburg, WV tTl 0 Dec. 30, 1989 fJJ o-j

> I ~ ~ 1 ~ 1

Pendleton Co., WV :;r:I o-j Dec. 30, 1989

I 0

I ~ ~ I ~ 1 Pipestem, WV ()

o-j Dec. 16, 1989 0 0:1 tTl

.?O I ~ I 1 ~ 1

Wheeling, WV ..... Dec. 30, 1989 \0 \0 0

w Beaver, PA 01 ~ ~ 01 ~ Dec. 30, 1989

~~ Clarion Co., P A N~ ~ N~ 01 Dec. 30, 1989

N Clarksville, PA 00 ..... ~ ~ Dec. 30, 1989

01 Washington, PA ~ ..... ~ w 0 " Dec. 16, 1989

..... Steubenville, OH N ..... ~ ~ Dec. 30, 1989 .....

0 U1

~ tv I ~ 1 Rockingham Co., V A Dec. 30, 1989

Favorite Birding Area: Stony Creek, Summers County

J. Lawrence Smith

Two creeks flow into the Greenbrier River at Barger Springs, Summers County, separated by only a short distance with the watercourses named Big Stony and Little Stony Creeks. The two drainage areas, encompassing less than two square miles, display an intriguing variety of ecological differences. The birdlife is enriched by a diversity of habitats and some plants are found that are restricted in their distribution within West Virginia.

Of special botanical interest is an extensive growth of Box Huckleberry(Gaylussacia brachycera) in the woods above the road along Little Stony Creek a mile upstream from the junction of the Barger Springs-Marie road in the direction of the community of Marie. This heath was one of the "lost" plants of Applachia, which was largely overlooked for over a century following its discovery by French naturalist, Andre Michaux, perphaps at Berkeley Springs, Morgan County, about 1790. The plant was "rediscovered" by the Rev. Fred Gray, a Presbyterian clergyman, in nearby Monroe County in 1921.

A short distance downstream from where the Box Huckleberry grows, the woods along the course of the creek display an interesting forest cover with numerous tlowering plants on the ground. The most interesting facet of the ground cover is an extensive growth of American Yew (Taxus canadensis). Among the largest trees are Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) (21 in. DBH), White Pine (Pinlls strobus) (24 in. DBH) and Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) (25 in. DBH). The area downstream from an old logging road that enters the woods is predominately Hemlocks with Partridgeberry (lvfitchel/a repells) abundant on the ground in the shade of the evergreens. The area upstream maintains this character for a short distance, but the large Hemlocks become less numerous and the variety of hardwoods and flowering plants become more numerous. An area across the creek was cleared many years ago and remains almost open. It may be that hardwoods intruded into the once predominately Hemlock woods with the opening of the canopy when this clearing was done. White Clintonia (Clintonia Imlbel/ulata), Showy Orchis (Orchis spectabilis) , Rattlesnake Orchid (Goodyera pubescens), Puttyroot Orchid (Aplectnmlhyemale) and Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repclls) are among noteworthy plants found in the ground cover.

Ruffed Grouse were frequently found here, especially during the winter months when they roosted in the Hemlocks during the 1970s when their numbers seemed much reduced elsewhere. During this time, the bird was also found widely in the immediate surrounding area, which seemed to offer optimum conditions to its liking.

The Winter Wren has been heard in song on visits during late winter when its bubbling and trilling voice seemed to move along with the stream as it cascades beneath Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) down the little gorge to meet the Greenbrier. Thrushes lurk in the shade beneath the evergreens where both the Swainson's and Hermit Thrush have been found in the spring and the Wood Thrush


remains to nest. The ascending trill of the Northern Parula will be heard during the summer where the abundant Hemlocks offer the conditions it prefers for nesting.

- \ / !

'(' /:; (


Massive cliff of Bradshaw sandstone of Bluefield group of Mauck Chunk series of the Mississippian flanking Greenbrier River at the mouth of Big Stony Creek near Barger Springs.

Photo by the author.


Mixed forest of Hemlock, White Pine and hardwoods along Little Stony Creek, Summers County, where the largest trees are 2 feet in diameter.

Photo by the author.


A distance of 0.9 mile from the junction of the Barger Springs-Marie road along Little Stony Creek is a road to the left. This road leads across the ridge to the drainage of Big Stony Creek After driving a mile, a marsh is reached that extends for some distance both upstream and downstream from where the bridge crosses the creek The presence of marshy conditions can in part be explained by local geological conditions. Before flowing into the Greenbrier, the creek makes its way through a gap between cliffs of Bradshaw sandstone and this has retarded the removal of sediments from upstream. The activity of Beavers (Castor canadensis) has resulted in the impounding of the creek upstream while downstream the creek maintains a sluggish channel where Cattail (Typha latifolia) covers much of the area and is bordered by a dense growth of Alders (Alnlls sp.).

In the spring, the Woodcock will be heard "sky dancing" near the marsh, Rusty Blackbirds will often be found in numbers in the Alder thickets and rarely a Marsh Wren will be seen in the Cattails. Wood Ducks (Aix spollsa) will be seen in numbers during the summer when they gather on the beaver pond. A pair of Red-shouldered Hawks nest in the vicinity with this being one of the few places in the region that offers the habitat they require. The birds have been observed from late February through October, but are absent during the winter and must spend the season elsewhere. Uncanny and difficult to explain has been the frequency with which numbers of Black Vultures have been seen over the marsh at most seasons only to be seemingly absent from nearby areas.

The crossroads community of Ballengee is reached after continuing along the read beyond the marsh. There is much open land where this upland area has an elevation of 1800 feet. Red-headed Woodpeckers have nested in the oaks at the little Methodist Church and the buzzing song of Bewick's Wren was a familiar sound of summer at least until the late 1970s. The Loggerhead Shrike once nested and continued to be found with some regularity during the winter. The Horned Lark is found in overgrazed fields throughout the year and its courtship flight song will be heard, almost as a disembodied voice, drifting down from overhead during the spring.

After continuing through Ballengee and driving nearly two miles, a junction is reached with the road to the left leading to Barger Springs. Downslope a short distance along this road extensive hedges of Multiflora Rose (Rosa lI1ultiJ1ora) are found at a farm. White-crowned Sparrows winter here with this being one of the few locations within the region where they are found during the season. The birds arrive in early October and are found in numbers in the immediate vicinity with a few lingering into May.

I have birded few areas in West Virginia that offer such a variety of habitats in such a short distance as the watersheds of these creeks. I have followed the circular route described in these pages numerous times and I never tire of returning. Something new and exciting is always waiting along the route that takes me from Barger Springs to Ballengee and back

The following is a listing of the birds that have been recorded in the Stony Creek area adjacent to Greenbrier River. Species marked with and asterisk have been found nesting or observed with enough frequency during the breeding season to be presumed nesting. The list: Common Loon, Pied-billed Grebe, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, *Green-backed Heron, Black-crowned Night Heron, *Wood Duck,


Black Duck, Mallard, Blue-winged Teal Hooded Merganser, Black Vulture, Turkey Vulture, Osprey, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, *Red-shouldered Hawk, *Broad-winged Hawk, *Red-tailed Hawk, * American Kestrel, *Ruffed Grouse, Wild Turkey, *Northern Bobwhite, American Coot, * Killdeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, *Rock Dove, *Mourning Dove, Black-billed Cuckoo, Yellowbilled Cuckoo, *Great Horned Owl, Whippoorwill, *Chimney Swift, *Rubythroated Hummingbird, *Belted Kingfisher, *Red-headed Woodpecker, *Redbellied Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, *Downy Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, *Northern Flicker, *Pileated Woodpecker, *Eastern Wood Pewee, * Acadian Flycatcher, Least Flycatcher, *Eastern Phoebe, *Great Crested Flycatcher, *Eastern Kingbird, *Horned Lark, Purple Martin, Tree Swallow, Rough-winged Swallow, *Barn Swallow, *Blue Jay, * American Crow, Common Raven, Blackcapped Chickadee, *Carolina Chickadee, *Tufted Titmouse, *White-breasted Nuthatch, Brown Creeper, *Carolina Wren, *Bewick's Wren, *House Wren, Winter Wren, Marsh Wren, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, *Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, *Eastern Bluebird, Swainson's Thrush, Hermit Thrush, *Wood Thrush, * American Robin, *Gray Catbird, *Northern Mockingbird, *Brown Thrasher, Cedar Waxwing, *Loggerhead Shrike, *European Starling, *White-eyed Vireo, Solitary Vireo, *Yellow-throated Vireo, *Red-eyed Vireo, *Golden-winged Warbler, Tennessee Warbler, *Northern Parula, *Yellow Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Pine Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, Black and White Warbler, American Redstart, *Ovenbird, *Louisiana Waterthrush, *Kentucky Warbler, *Common Yellowthroat, Hooded Warbler, Wilson's Warbler, *Yellowbreasted Chat, *Summer Tanager, *Scarlet Tanager, *Northern Cardinal, Rosebreasted Grosbeak, *Indigo Bunting, *Rufous-sided Towhee, *Chipping Sparrow, *Field Sparrow, *Vesper Sparrow, Savannah Sparrow, *Grasshopper Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, *Song Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow, Whitecrowned Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Bobolink, *Red-winged Blackbird, *Eastern Meadowlark, Rusty Blackbird, *Common Grackle, *Brown-headed Cowbird, *Orchard Oriole, *Northern Oriole, Purple Finch, *House Finch, Pine Siskin, * American Goldfinch, Evening Grosbeak, *House Sparrow.


Allegheny Vistas Tornado, WV 25202

111

Banding News

Ralph Bell, Editor RD. 1, Box 229

Clarksville, PA 15322

Ever since Mel Hooker came to our AFMO banding station on Dolly Sods, W.Va, he has been very interested in the statistical information generated by our bird banding operation there each fall. Using this information, Mel has written about "The Thrush Migration through W.Va." (The Redstart 52 (4): 123-125). This was followed by" A Summary of ten Years of Data on the Most Frequently Banded Birds at AFMO "The Redstart 53 (2): 53-90 and 54 (3): 67-84). These articles summarize (with excellent charts and maps) the most frequently banded species. Next was an article on "Some Observations on the Ruby-throated Hummingbird Migration through the Allegheny Front in West Virginia" (The Redstart 57 (2): 50-54)

Now Mel has compiled some more information from the fall1989 banding season on Dolly Sods. He made capture comparisons between the north and south nets. Wind direction and velocity along with the height of vegetation in front and in back of the nets affects the number of birds we catch and band at the different locations.

The station was closed on several days due to rain or fog but a detailed count was made on 15 days in August, 27 days in September and 13 days in October, 1989. The following chart lists the number of birds captured when a count was made.

Aug. Sept Oct. Totals

North Nets 118 411 526 1055 South Nets 355 1082 676 2113

Totals 143 1493 1212 3168

The north nets represented 28% of the net total and captured 33% of the birds banded, while the south nets represented 72% of the net total and captured 67% of the banded birds. In 1978 the north net constituted 36% of net totals (The Redstart 55 (2): 66-68).

Mel has also summarized the 1987, 1988 and 1989 capture results of the now famous Ken Heselton "Hi-Lo" mist net operation used to catch birds for banding (North American Bird Bander, 15 (1): 13-16; The Redstart 55 (2): 66-68). It is a mechanical device that holds two nets - one above the other. The "Hi-Lo" permits lowering of the upper net to remove the captured birds by rotating the poles that support the nets. As the upper net is lowered, the lower net simultaneously raises to replace it.

The location of the "Hi-Lo" nets greatly affects the number of captures. During the fall 1987 banding season it was initially installed at AF.M.D. just east of number 6 south net There it performed well, producing a total of 280 birds with this distribution: (high 180) (low 100).


In 1988 it was moved to a new location out in front of the old banding" cave." But here the top net was not obscured by tall vegetation and the results were disappointing (95 top) (147 bottom).

In 1989 (back in its original position) it again proved to be a valuable addition to the AF.M.O operation with the capture of236 birds in the top net (63.8%) and 134 captures in the bottom net (36.2%). Equally important, while it represented only 7.8% of the net coverage, it produced nearly 9% of the total birds captured for banding.

FIELD NOTES

SPRING SEASON MARCH THROUGH MAY, 1990

Ralph Bell

James D. Phillips, Editor 900 Reynolds Ave. Princeton, WV 24740

With only a couple exceptions, Spring. 1990 seemed to be rather uneventful. Only one reporter made comments about weather and waves of migrants. Those comments were "few waves," "not exciting" and "wet." Of special note were late Pine Siskins, increased sightings of Ospreys and a report of a Snowy Owl in Parkersburg. Wood County.

Loons through Waterfowl- Common Loons passed through the state in fairly good numbers from March 21 to April 20. A few Pied-billed Grebes were reported. Numbers of Horned Grebes were in Barbour Co. March 20-24 (KB). Double-crested Cormorants were reported in several locations throughout the period-March 5 Pleasants (MBC), April 17 Fayette (GW), May 5 Grant (RBC) and May 29 Wood (MBC) Counties. Great Blue Herons were seen on Pleasant Creek, Barbour Co. (KB) March 4 to April 21. Rookeries were found near Bethany, WV April 17 (JBu) and near Jefferson, Pa. on May 20 (RB). A few Great Egrets were seen across the region. Green-backed Herons returned by mid-late April. Black-crowned NightHerons again nested near Elkton, Va (RBC).

A Mute Swan was present near Williamstown, Wood Co. during most of the period (MBC). Several reporters noted good numbers of Wood Ducks. An American Black Duck was still present on the Elk River on May 27 (HG). Greenwinged Teal were present March 6 (MBC) to April 6 (KB). Blue-winged Teal were found over most of the region by the second week of April. Gadwall were seen for nearlva month in Wood Co. (MBC). American Wigeon were in the area from March 6 to April 18. Bush reported Canvasbacks in Barbour Co. the third week of March. Numbers of Ring-necked Ducks and Lesser Scaups were seen across the state from early March to the second week of ApriL Unusual was an Oldsquaw on the Ohio River, Pleasants Co. on March 29 (MBC). Common Goldeneyes, Buffleheads and the mergansers were pretty much gone by the first week of ApriL


Raptors through shorebirds - Most of the raptors were listed as expected. Of special interest was an increase in Osprey sightings by several observers. A Bald Eagle was seen along New River near the Virginia/West Virginia line on March 27, and 30 OB). A Bald Eagle was also seen along Sand Creek, Wood Co. from March 1 to 11 (MBC). Two Golden Eagles were observed at close range near Holly River State Park, Webster Co. on March 1 (VC).

A Ring-necked Pheasant was found in Barbour Co. on May 24 (KB). Wild Turkeys seem to be doing especially well in West Virginia Many areas reported Ruffed Grouse members as down. The only reports for Northern Bobwhites were from Barbour (KB), Monroe OB), Wood (MBC) and Kanawha (HG), counties. Hullet Good reported this species for the second year in a row after a 13-year absence. This bird seems pretty scarce across the state.

No great numbers of shorebirds were reported. Most of the usual species passed through about as expected. More than the usual number of gulls and terns were reported. Bonaparte's Gulls were found in the region for about a month from March 20 to April 20. Thirty were seen on Teter Creek Lake, Barbour Co. (KB) on April 6. Ring- billed Gulls were seen across most of the state in April and May. Herring Gulls were only found near the Ohio River (MBC). A Caspian Tern was near South Charleston, Kanawha Co. (A V) in late April and in Wood Co. (MBC) in early Mayperhaps the same individual. Two Common Terns were seen in early May (A V).

Cuckoos through warblers - Few cuckoos were reported. A Great Horned Owl nest with two young was observed on Blennerhassett Island, Wood Co. (MBC). Most unusual was a person, in the middle of Parkersburg, Wood Co., having a Snowy Owl swoop four feet overhead twice on April 15 (MBC). George Hall lists the species as having been seen before in Wood Co. and the latest record on file is April 13. Several observers noted Common Nighthawks in early May. The only comments on Whip-poor-wills was that they were late (A V) or none found (most everyone else). For the third year in a row a Chuck-wills-widow was found in the same vicinity of Laurel Cr., Wood Co. (MBC). One was also heard near Harrisonburg, Va. (RBC).

Chimney Swifts arrived in most areas by the second or third week of April. Rubythroated Hummingbirds arrived about a week later. Ralph Bell reported the Redheaded Woodpecker as rare in his area. The only report from West Virginia was from Baker, Hardy Co. on May 14 (RBC). Reports of this species continue to dwindle. Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers were last reported April 26 (HG). Eastern Phoebes were evident by the second week of March. Most of the other flycatchers seemed to be on time. Willow Flycatchers were only reported in Barbour Co. (KB). Most of the swallows seemed to be as expected except there were no reports of Cliff Swallows. House Wrens returned a bit later than usual. Both kinglets had become hard to locate by mid-April although Ruby-crowned Kinglets were present in Parkersburg as late as May 3 (MBC).

Several folks commented on good numbers of Eastern Bluebirds. There was not much comment on the other thrushes. Loggerhead Shrike sightings continue to be few and far between in West Virginia. Kathleen Finnegan found a nest near Petersburg on May 3. She also found at least one pair and maybe two along Rt. 219 near Renick, Greenbrier Co. on May 24. She reports that the area north of Renick is three miles of the best shrike habitat she has seen in West Virginia. First dates for


vireos and warblers include: White-eyed Vireo April22 (MBC), Solitary Vireo April 28 (KB), Yellow-throated Vireo April 26 (MBC), Warbling Vireo April 25 (MBC) and Red-eyed Vireo April 22 (MBC); Blue-winged Warbler April 21 (MBC), Parula Warbler April 25 (KB), Yellow Warbler April 21 (MBC), Chestnut-sided Warbler April 28 (KB), Black-throated Green Warbler April 26 (MBC), Prairie Warbler April 14 (MBC) and American Redstart April28 (KB). Most of the others had returned or were passing through by the first week of May.

Tanagers through finches - Both tanagers were found in their usual haunts by May 1. Ralph Bell found the Summer Tanager to be more numerous. The only report for Blue Grosbeak was from the Foray at Given, Jackson Co. (KB). Indigo Buntings were back by April 25 (KB). Bush found an American Tree Sparrow on April 6. A few Fox Sparrows could still be found in mid-April. A few locations still had White-throated Sparrows the first week of May and a few White-crowned Sparrows during the second week of May.

Bush located hundreds of Brown-headed Cowbirds in Barbour Co. on April 4. Both orioles had returned by the third week of April. House Finches seem to be just about everywhere. A few Pine Siskins were still in the region at the end of the season. Ralph Bell reported an Evening Grosbeak on May 5.

Contributors - Ralph Bell (RB), Jim Brown OB), A. R "Jay" Buckelew Jr. OBu), Kyle Bush (KB), Virginia Cronenberger (VC), Hullet Good (HG), Virginia Hoover (VH), Mountwood Bird Club (MBC), Rockingham Bird Club (RBC) and Gary Worthington (GvV), Allegheny Vistas (AV).


Book Reviews

Birds and Berries by Barbara and David Snow. 1988. T & AD Poyser Limited, Town Head House, Calton, Waterhouses, Staffordshire, England. 268. pp., illus. Price about $30.00.

Birds and Berries is an exhaustive examination of the ecological relationships between birds and the berries they eat. The book is divided into three parts. In Part One the authors give accounts of each species of berry producing tree and shrub they observed for many years in southern England. Part Two details the fruit eating habits of each species of bird they watched feeding on berries. Part Three is an extensive discussion of the ecology of these interactions including consideration of coevolution, special adaptations and strategies employed by plants to insure dispersal of seeds by birds, defense of berry trees by some species of birds, seed-predators, foraging techinques, fruit preferences, limitations and adaptations of a fruit diet, and time and energy budgets. This last part includes information on the nutritional content of the fruits, physical characteristics of fruits, and other dietary considerations. The discussion in this part is not limited to British species, and an extensive bibliography provides references to the world literature on the subject. This book gives the reader many ideas where similar research might be done on our own species of berry-eating birds and the plants on which they depend. Many bird watchers could enjoy observing these interactions using berry trees and shrubs close at hand in their own yards or nearby woods and fields. Careful field work could be rewarding as there is much that is unknown about plant/bird interactions of our native species.

An Introduction to New England Birds by Christopher W. Leahy. 1975 (Revised 1989). Massachusetts Audubon society. 32 pp., illus. No price given.

Christopher Leahy's introduction to New- England birds is illustrated with seven color plates by N. W. Cusa showing the birds in groups: suburban birds, warblers, wetland birds, woodland birds, winter feeder birds, shorebirds, and winter water birds. The birds most likely to be seen are illustrated and discussed. The book is intended to whet the appetite for a beginning bird watcher or for a visitor to New England. Originally entitled An Introduction to Massachusetts Birds, the revised edition has been expanded somewhat to include other species one might find elsewhere in New England.

Albert R Buckelew Jr., Editor


Constitution and By= Laws of the Brooks Bird Club, Inc.

As Revised February 25,1990

Article 1

Sec. 1 The name of the organization is the Brooks Bird Club, a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws of West Virginia, with headquarters in Wheeling or other city in West Virginia deSignated by the Board of Directors.

Sec. 2 The object of the organization shall be to promote the study of ornithology and other natural sciences with special reference to West Virginia and contiguous areas in neighboring states; to publicize scientific results of such studies; to further the conversation of natural resources on a local and a national basis.

Article II Membership

Sec. 1 The membership of the brooks Bird Club shall consist of six classes: Individual Members, Family Members, Sustaining Members, Life

Members, Student Members and Honorary Members. Sec. 2 Applications for membership shall be made through the Membership

Secretary. Applicants must fill out an application form giving appropriate information. This application form must be endorsed in writing by a

Brooks Bird Club member. Members shall be elected at the Annual Meeting by a majority of members present. Applications presented in the interim between annual meetings shall be received and confirmed by the Membership Secretary, subject to ratification at the next annual meeting.

Sec. 3 Annual dues of membership categories shall be set by the Board of Directors subject to approval by the members at the Annual Meeting. Upon unanimous recommendation of the Board of Directors, Honorary Membership may be conferred by the Club by a three-fourths vote at any annual meeting.

Sec. 4 All members in good standing except Student Members shall be entitled to vote and to hold office.

Sec. 5 All Club activities and annual dues will begin with the calendar year. Any member in arrears for dues for three months shall be dropped from the roll, provided he is notified of his oversight and the penalty by the end of the second month by the Membership Secretary.

Article III Officers

Sec. 1 (a) The officers of the Club shall be a President, President-Elect, VicePresident, Administrator, Recording Secretary, Membership Secretary, Treasurer, Redstart Editor and Mail Bag Editor. The duties of the officers


shall be defined by the Board of Directors which shall be the governing body of the Club. (b) Duties of the Administrator shall be to supervise all activities of the Brooks Bird Club as specified by the Board of Directors or by the Club, and all routine business that does not require specific authorization. Said person may receive compensation for labor and expenses involved

pursuant to the directives of the Board. Sec. 2 (a) All officers shall be elected at the Annual Meeting by ballot of the

members in attendance. (b) The Treasurer and Administrator shall be bonded, and the bonding fee shall be paid from the Club treasury.

Sec. 3 All officers shall be elected for a term of one year. The President, PresidentElect and Vice-President may be re-elected so as to serve for two consecutive years, and after a lapse of one year officers may be eligible for reelection to these offices. The Administrator, the Recording Secretary, the Treasurer, the Redstart Editor and the Mail Bag Editor may be re-elected for as long as they fulfill the duty of their respective offices. All terms of office shall begin and end on January 1 to coincide with the Club year.

Sec. 4 (a) The Board of Directors shall consist of all elected officers of the Club, the Immediate Past President, Presidents of Chapters and nine additional elected members. Three of these nine elected members shall be elected each year to serve for a term of three years. (b) The presiding officer at all board meetings shall be the President. In the absence of the President, the President- Elect shall serve, and in the absence of both the President and President- Elect, the Vice-President shall serve. (c) Meetings of the Board may be called by the President or by call of seven members of the Board. Seven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.

Sec. 5 The Board of Directors shall have power to make appointments to fill any vacanies in the staff of officers due to death, resignation, or otherwise. It is understood, however, that in the event of a vacancy in the office of President, the President-Elect will assume the duties of President.

Sec. 6 The Board of Directors shall hold at least three meetings a year.

Article IV Advisers

There shall be an adviser committee of three who have been active members of the Club for a minimum of twenty years. They shall be appointed by the President upon the approval of the Board of Directors. They shall attend board meetings but in a non-voting capacity. They shall serve at the will and pleasure of the Board of Directors.

Article V Membership Meetings

Sec. 1 Date, agenda and place of membership meetings shall be set by the Execu-


tive Committee and approved by the Board of Directors. Selection of place and date shall be made at least thirty days prior to the actual meeting.

Sec. 2 Notice of all meetings of the Club shall be sent to members at least one month in advance of the meeting.

Sec. 3 Twenty-five voting members of the Club shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Sec. 4 An Arrangements Committee shall be appointed by the President sufficiently prior to the meeting, so that appropriate arrangements and plans can be made.

Article VI Financial Accounting

Sec. 1 A committee of two shall be appointed annually by the President to audit the accounts of the Treasurer some time prior to the Annual Meeting.

Sec. 2 A Board of Trustees composed of three active club members shall be appointed by the President with the approval of the Board of Directors. One member shall be appointed each year to serve a term of three years. Vacancies shall be filled by the President for the unexpired term. The Trustees shall have the responsibility of overseeing all property, securities, endowment funds or other assets of the Club. At least one member of the Trustees should be prepared to present a report at the Annual Meeting on any changes in the status of the holdings for which they are responsible. The Trustees should hold at least one meeting a year or at the call of the President, and one member shall attend all meetings of the Board

of Directors.

Article VII Affiliated Groups

Sec. 1 The Brooks Bird Club recognizes two kinds of affiliated groups - Chapters and Affiliates.

Sec. 2 Chapters (a) A Group is eligible for the status of Chapter if it is active in the field of Ornithology; is a constitutionally organized club; has an established name, mailing address, officers and committees; holds regular meetings; and all its regular members are also members of the Brooks Bird Club. The Group may have associate members who are not members of the Brooks Bird Club without jeopardizing its status as a Chapter. (b) The Group may become a Chapter of the Brooks Bird Club by a t\\"othirds vote of the Brooks Bird Club Board of Directors. Prior to consideration by the Board of Directors, an application must be submitted together idth a resume of the Organization's history, activities and purpose. Also a statement of total membership - regular and associate, if any - and copies of recent publications or reports. (c) The President of the Chapter shall be a member of the Board of Directors of the Brooks Bird Club provided he is a member of the Brooks Bird Club.


(d) The Chapter shall receive one copy of all current publications of the Brooks Bird Club.

Sec. 3 Affiliates (a) The Brooks Bird Club may recognize as an affiliate any group that is organized for the pursuit of ornithology and/ or other phases of Natural History. The group may become an affiliate by a vote of twothirds of members of the Board of Directors on the basis of information furnished by the group. (b) The Affiliate shall pay to ihe Brooks Bird Club annually the equivalent of two active memberships. In return the Affiliate will receive two copies of all current Brooks Bird Club publications. (c) The Affiliate shall be entitled in its publicity and correspondence to follow its own name with U Affiliated with the Brooks Bird Club." (d) If the Affiliate develops its program to the point where it considers itself eligible for the status of Chapter, it may make appropriate

application.

Article VIII Amendments

Sec. 1 This Constitution may be amended at any meeting by two-thirds of the votes cast, provided that the membership has been notified of the purpose of the amendment at least one month prior to date of action, and that the amendment shall be an order of business.

120

By-Laws

1. By-Laws may be adopted or repealed at any membership meeting by a majority vote when a quorum of members are present

2. An Executive Committee composed of the President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Past President, Administrator shall act as a Steering Committee for the purpose of planning the activities of the Club to be presented to the Board of Directors for suggestions and approval. Meetings of this Committee shall be held on call by the President or upon the advice of the Administrator.

3. A Nominating Committee shall be appointed by the President at the beginning or in advance of the Annual Meeting. This Committee shall offer nominations of officers to serve the Club during the ensuing year. Nominations may be made by any member, in good standing, from the floor.

4. Election of officers shall be by written ballot; but by the unanimous consent of the members, the Recording Secretary may cast one ballot representing the unanimous vote of the members present.

S. The Foray is the core activity of the Brooks Bird Club. Therefore: (a) The President, with the consent and advice of the Board of Directors, shall appoint a Foray Planning Committee of seven to nine club members to be chaired by the President- Elect. (b) This Committee shall investigate and recommend to the membership, Foray Site selection for two to five years in advance.


(c) The Committee shall recommend to the Board of Directors individuals for the position of Foray Director/ s. (d) The Committee shall assist the Foray Director/s in developing programming for each Foray period. (e) The Committee shall prepare long-range directives and plans for future Forays and evaluate past Forays. (f) The Administrator shall assist and advise this committee.

6. Looking to the financial stability of the Brooks Bird Club, a budget committee is hereby created: (a) This committee shall consist of the President, Treasurer, Administrator, the three Trustees and the Vice- President who will chair the committee and act as Budget Director. (b) It shall be the duty of the Budget Committee to prepare a budget to be presented to the Board of Directors for advice and approval prior to the presentation to the membership for final approval.

7. The Board of Directors shall have the power to suspend until the next Annual Meeting any person or affiliated club found in violation of the Articles of the Constitution of the Brooks Bird Club or the By-Laws attached thereto. Final suspension shall be made by secret ballot, requiring twothirds majority of the voting members in attendance at a regular meeting of the Club.

S. The official publications of the Brooks Bird Club shall be: (a) The Redstart for reporting the scientifically oriented activities and materials of the Club. (b) The Mail Bag for membership informational materials. (c) Each shall be sent to all members not more than three months in arrears of their dues. (d) The Board of Directors may authorize the exchange of the Redstart for publications of other nature oriented clubs and institutions. (e) The Board of Directors may authorize special publications of interest to the Club.

9. Any member three months in arrears for dues shall be ineligible to vote or to hold elective office in the Club.

10. Robert's Rules of Order shall govern the Club in all cases to which they are applicable, and in which they are not inconsistent with the Co;stitution of the Club.


PATRONIZE YOUR CLUB STORE

Ornithological Books for Sale

Birds of Pennsylvania by Merrill Wood .................................. 5 2.00 A Field Guide to Bird's Nests by Hal H. Harrison ......................... 513.00

Peterson Field Guide Series, 257 pps., 222 color photos of nests and eggs, 222 bird sketches. Info. on range, habitat, etc. for species East of Miss. R. H.H.H. is past president of the BBC and honorary member. Autographed.

Field Guide to Western Bird's Nests by Hal H. Harrison ................... 511.00 Birds of North America by Robbins, Bruun and Zimm. illus. by Arthur Singer.

Popular field guide, excellent color illus., range maps, field marks. Autographed. Softback 5 8.75

Hardback 511.00 West Virginia Birds by George Hall ..................................... 520.00 The High Alleghenies by J. Lawrence Smith ............................. 515.00 Dozen Birding Hotspots by George Harrison. Autographed ................ 510.95 The Backyard Birdwatcher by George Harrison. Autographed .............. 514.75 America's Favorite Backyard Birds by Kit and George Harrison ............. 514.75 Amphibians and Reptiles in \Vest Virginia by N. Bayard Green and Thomas K. Pauley .................................................................... 512.00

Add 52.00 for postage per order. Bumper Tag - Beware of sudden stops bird watcher's car ................... 51.00 Bumper Tag - BBC .................................................... 51.00 BBC Shoulder Patch ................................................... 51.50 BBC License Plate ..................................................... 52.00

REDSTART EDITORIAL POLICY Original papers in the field of natural history are published in the Redstart. Papers

are judged on the basis of their contributions to original data, ideas, or interpretations. Scientific accuracy is most important and to this end an Advisory Board, selected by the Editorial Staff, will review submitted papers. Papers should be typewritten, double spaced on one side of the paper only. Clarity and conciseness of presentation are very important.

BROOKS BIRD CLUB MEMBERSHIP The Brooks Bird Club is a non-profit organization whose objective is to encourage

the study and conservation of birds and other phases of natural history. Membership includes subscriptions to the REDSTART and MAILBAG and entitles one to all the privileges offered by the Club. Classes of membership are: Student, 55.00; Individual, 514.00; Family 517.00; Sustaining, 525.00; Life, 5200.00. Checks should be written payable to the Brooks Bird Club and mailed to 707 Warwood Avenue, Wheeling, West Virginia 26003.

VOLUME 57, NUMBER 4 - Brooks Bird Club - Home 57, NUMBER 4 Editorial Staff Editor ... Constitution...

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Transcript of VOLUME 57, NUMBER 4 - Brooks Bird Club - Home 57, NUMBER 4 Editorial Staff Editor ... Constitution...