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In the eyes of the West, Lebanon has amultifaceted image. One day it is an attractivelittle tourist attraction, with a wonderful climateand beautiful landscape. It is the financial capitalof the Arab world, with its discrete banking, aswell as being the Paris of the Middle East with its many restaurants and its cultural climate. It is the pearl of the Phoenicians with its manyhistorical sites, and is the friendly melting pot of many cultures and religions. The next day, it is a dangerous time bomb with its sectarianpopulation, an unreliable business partner with its unstable economy, part of the Axis of Evil withextremist forces and groups, a danger to MiddleEastern stability with its hot-headed inhabitants.

All its neighbors – including the sea if globalwarming continues likes this – seem to want keeptheir grip on the country; they change their pointof view according to the socio-economic orpolitical situation in the region. Meanwhile, whilstthe whole world projects its views onto it, inLebanon itself the population is struggling withtheir own identity. This consists of an amalgam ofall the previously mentioned nuances, as well ascivil strife (1975-1990) that they haven’t yet cometo terms with and a constant fear of renewedattacks from Israel. On the one hand, there is anurgent longing ‘to be left alone’, and on the otherhand a desire to be part of global discourse andthe global economy.

There are as many stories about theLebanon’s political situation and history as thereare people to tell them. In this sense, it is theultimate modern, fragmented, fractal, fuzzy and trendy society. If a de facto playground forexperiencing Jacques Derrida’s theories aboutdeconstruction and differance were to existanywhere, it would be Lebanon. In fact it couldbe an ultra modern example of how suchfragmentation can be a common ground within a society. Maybe to restore the tourist industry,which collapsed immediately after the July war,Lebanon could introduce a new tourism concept:ALL EXCLUSIVE.

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‘In the last two weeks Mazen Kerbaj’sdrawings have been one of the strongest mostvivid expressions of the whole mess that isunfolding in lebanon that i came across’ writesDutchmen Paul Keller on 5 August 2006 on hisblog Meanwhile. Kerbaj, a Beirut-based artist,published since the beginning of the Israeli attackalmost every day a drawing on his personal blognamed Kerblog. In response to the attack, Kellerdecided to print Kerbaj drawings on a4 formatand hang them in the streets of Amsterdam. He writes: ‘I like the idea of images leaking frommy screen into the streets of amsterdam andwould probably be even more beautiful if peoplein other cities started doing the same…’

Drawings by Mazen Kerbaj http://mazenkerblog.blogspot.com/Posters by Paul Kellerwww.flickr.com/photos/paulk/sets/72157594225008144/Quotes fromwww.voyantes.net:81/blog/

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996

Solidere and theperpetual reinventionof downtown BeirutMichael Stanton

The evident lack of value in most newbuildings in metropolitan Beirut and in other citiesin Lebanon has promoted interest in that which is not yet built, in the terrain vague at the centerof the capital. The void produced is indeed radicaland gives rise to both extreme provocation andgreat promise. At the end of the Civil War in 1990,the government facilitated Rafic Hariri’s vision for rebuilding downtown Beirut by consolidatingall property in the center except that withreligious immunity and then offering shares in the corporation for its development.1 ‘A lawpassed in December 1991 gave the municipaladministration the authority to create real estatecompanies in war-damaged areas, and to entrustthem with the implementation of the urban plan and the promotion, marketing, and sale ofproperties to individual or corporate developers…Thus shares will, in effect, replace title deeds of ownership.’2 Multiple ownership was replacedwith a single entity but a publicly-owned one, in the sense that it sold stock. This peculiar trans -ference, from private to public property within a corporate framework, is one of the generalparadoxes of capitalism, but in Beirut it took on a more emphatic and asset-based character than elsewhere for it pertained to control of thecenter of a capital city. Solidere (Société libanaisepour le développement et la reconstruction deBeyrouth, French for ‘The Lebanese Company forthe Development and Reconstruction of Beirut’)was thus established, but was so integral to themechanisms that ordained its own establishmentthat any a priori objective governmental role isambiguous. When Hariri, the corporation’s leader,was then elected to the nation’s most powerfulpolitical position, Prime Minister, this processwas augmented and coincided with the demolitionof most of the downtown.

As many as two thousand buildings disap -peared. Some were undamaged and still inhabited.Many could have been saved. Others were trulybeyond restoration, especially along the GreenLine, the no-mans-land that divided the cityduring fifteen years of fighting. The extremeaction that typified the war thus continued in thedevelopment process, both in the destruction of the inner city and in the amalgamation ofcommerce and administration that oversaw itsreconstruction. Extreme land values crossed with changes in commercial demographics, aformula that produced the empty downtowns ofAmerican cities where surface parking stretchesbetween high-rises, has similarly effected Beirutwhich now resembles Houston’s empty core, anexpectant void. Likewise the other ‘downtowns’that cluster at the crossing points of vehicularcirculation around Houston are similar to new

satellite cores like Kaslik (formed in the Christianenclave during the Civil War) and others thatstretch along the 50 kilometers of coast themetropolis now occupies.

Whether due to speed or the incompetenceof the collective, Beirut’s downtown wasconsolidated and homogenized. 250,000 ownerswere made stockholders in the single entity thatreplaced them. The cult of efficiency, a familiarpretext for the centralizing forces of capitalism(which must systematically increase revenueseach year), met the spatial totalitarianism towhich the market aspires: monopoly and stateincorporation. Beirut’s problems may stem fromthe simple fact that almost the entire downtownnow has one owner. This may be unique in thecapitalist world. While large parts of East Berlin,Warsaw, Stalingrad or Beijing were radicallyeviscerated and reconstructed as state show -places, this sort of total urbanism usually remainsimpossible, even in the most extreme cases ofmarket real-estate. In Beirut, the formula of State-Socialist hyper-tableaux was implemented forantithetical economic reasons to those thatmade the Stalinist total theater of the Lenin Allees.

Yet chaos, embodied in multiple ownership, is what cities are made of. The struggle betweendesire and fact exerts metropolitan pressure andconstitutes a formal mix. The sterility of down townBeirut stems directly from its ownership practicesand the codes established for its reconstruction.It now manifests a bourgeois notion of urbanquality, uniformly dainty and over-restored – ‘likea rhinestone encrusted beige poodle clipped tooperfectly’3 – no vulgar signage, no mobile vendorsas was characteristic of this central quarterbefore the war and as is typical of other nearbyArab cities such as Damascus or Tripoli. Anyreference to the 5000-year history of the city is reduced to archaeology from Phoenician andRoman times or must rest in the religiousbuildings protected by the waqf restrictionswhich exempt ecclesiastical structures from anykind of state action. Large areas of prime landthroughout the city and nation are thus ‘protected.’The concept behind waqf is one of universality,that all religious structures are owned by the sum of adherents to the faith they represent.

Thus a mosque, cathedral or even a school is the property of millions. This has more than a passing similarity to the ambiguous attitude to property displayed by Solidere as a publicly-owned entity, or in fact to all corporations thatoffer stock. This particular form of propertyimmunity is one of the few examples of theseparation of church and state. Mosques,churches, Druze houses and a synagogue nowsit isolated in the enormous vacant lot that is

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1most of the downtown. This municipal installation-piece emphasizes the hierarchies that determineLebanese life, both the dominance of religion as a cultural determinant and the hetero-sectarianismthat is the nation’s gift – its multi-cultural pos -sibilities – and the nation’s curse – the way thatsectarianism has been used to separate anddiscriminate culminating in the perpetual violenceof which the Civil War appeared the last hor -rendous episode until the war between Hezbollahand Israel and the ensuing political show-downagain revived active confessional hostilities.Religion continues to be the prime determiningforce in how Lebanese zone their cities.

The construction of a new, enormous mosqueon Martyr’s Square has been the most extravagantarchitectural gesture so far. The mosque’sconstruction was taken over directly by Hariri.With an imposing dome and four minarets it defiesthe modest typologies of historic Lebanesereligious structures and, along with another hugemosque in Hariri’s home town of Saida, introducesan imperial scale to this sort of architecturewhich conflates religion and regime. The Beirutbuilding recalls Sinan and the great mosques of Istanbul; in Saida it is the Mamluk heritage ofCairo that is referred to. The Beirut mosque alsosits next to, and overshadows, the MaroniteCatholic cathedral. Since his death and unusualentombment along with his bodyguards in the plaza next to the building and adjacent to Martyr’s Square,4 this has become the site ofthe continuing protests and mourning that havealtered the Lebanese political fabric. Vast crowdsnow fill the voids created by the evisceration of the downtown after the Civil War. Martyr’sSquare, a long rectangular plaza reminiscent of Rome’s Piazza Navona in proportion andsignificance and one of the most important civicspaces and circulation nodes in pre-war Beirut,lost its defining edge of buildings and is part of an this huge empty zone of epic pro portionsin which one million citizens were able to gatherfor a decisive independence rally in March 2005.It appears that then 25% of the entire populationof the nation descended on this site.

This process of expensive but vacant realestate being replaced by the masses began withthe millennium when Solidere, realizing that thevision of an exclusive up-scale shopping andsocial quarter was not taking off, encouragedmore popular businesses to temporarily occupyunrented stores. A heterogeneous crowd wasinvited into a downtown transformed into avibrant souk. Festival replaced more conventionalnotions of commerce and has continued at bothpro-Western and pro-Iranian/Syrian events. Most office space remains empty but shops andrestaurants, often of the upscale sort originallyenvisioned for the area, have subsequently movedin and at least the ground floors of buildings areactive. A cross-section of Beirut society, somemerely spectators prohibited by economics fromactually participating in retail activity, some theimagined haute-bourgeoisie that the area wasoriginally intended to host, is augmented by ablend of (mostly Arab) visitors and tourists whoflooded Lebanon physically and revitalized it

economically before being intimidated by therecent war and subsequent conflicts.

Event has replaced conventional urbanensemble in the city center. Now energy ismultiplied exponentially by the demonstrationsand apparatus that accompany the politicalcrises set off by the murder of Solidere’s founder.That the current revolutionary political events weretriggered by the death of the region’s greatestreal estate tycoon is not merely a coincidence.The melding of property development with themost intrinsic civic structures is a component oflate-capitalism but in Lebanon it has become an over riding issue. His loss is then a civic sacrificewhose legacy has both reified and transcendedthe fascinating folly that is the empty heart ofBeirut. �

1. Shares were first offered to owners of property in thearea, then to the government, then to the public andfinally to interested Arab neighbors. $650 million wasthus raised.

2. Assam Salem, ‘The Role of Government in Shaping theBuilt Environment’, in: Peter Rowe and Harkim Sarkis(eds.), Projecting Beirut. Episodes in the Constructionand Reconstruction of a Modern City. München(Prestel) 1998, p. 131.

3. From Michael Stanton, ‘The Good, the Bad and theUgly: Urbanism and Intention’, in: Archis #4, 2003.

4. Muslim burial is customarily prescribed for very specificsites and this public spot, opposite the door of themosque, is not one of those spots. Unlike the Christianhabit of erecting tombs and monuments, Islam, with itsdisdain of the cult of immortal personality and physicalrepresentation, is loath to commemorate in such anexplicit manner. Exceptions are made for especiallyheroic or holy figures such as the tomb of Salah’din atthe entrance of the Umayyad mosque in Damascus.Hariri’s grave appears to be one of the first of suchexceptions made in Lebanon and it places him within a very exalted pantheon. Given that he is interred in Martyr’s Square in front of the mosque that was toform his religious center-piece for Beirut and that hehas posthumously become such a talisman for change,this very quick decision should have been moregravely deliberated.

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998

Manic MachinesChristiaan Fruneaux

November 16, 2006, morningThe bartender and the delivery manIt was ten o’clock in the morning and we were

having our first coffee in one of the trendy bars in Gemmayzeh, a Christian neighborhood1 eastof the infamous city center and the politicalplayground of Martyr Square.2 It was a small,rundown hole-in-the-wall, equipped with anexpensive Italian espresso machine, a state-of-theart toaster and a lot of booze. The bar is supposedto attract the more alternative and intellectualcrowds. But they weren’t present that morning.We were the only clientele and while the city wasslowly unfolding outside, my companions starteddiscussing the proceedings of the day; I allowedmyself a few more moments of dreamy mind-wandering. The latte was heart-warming and I feltmyself slowly waking up. We had arrived the daybefore from Amsterdam and I was slowly comingto grips with my new surroundings; it was goodto be back in Beirut.

We had come as architects, designers, writersand social scientists. Our ambition was to explorethe spatial and social ramifications of the 2007summer war between Israel and Hezbollah. Incooperation with local colleagues we organizeda three-day seminar, during which we would visit, contemplate and discuss the constant andviolent destruction and the probably equallyviolent reconstruction of the country’s urban andsuburban fabric. It was a hugely inspiring project,but the dangers of succumbing to the temptationsof the spectacle were very real. These werechallenges to be dealt with later. For the momentI was still escaping the realities of the day whileobserving our bartender as he interacted with a delivery man.

Our host was a good-looking guy and anexcellent operator of the espresso machine. Afterhe had served us our cappuccinos, macchiatosand lattes, our host returned to his Economist toreview their thoughts on the thumping of America’sRepublican party in the mid-term elections. Hehad addressed us in German3 and it occurred tome that if you somehow could have transportedthis bar, its host and its everyday clientele toPrenzlauer Berg in Berlin, everyone would probablycelebrate the new outlet as another example ofthe neighborhood’s coolness. The bar, our host:it all felt urban and European and one couldeasily forget that one was drinking coffee in aMiddle Eastern city that, only months ago, hadbeen the target of severe Israeli air strikes.

The delivery man couldn’t have been moredifferent. It is hard to describe the difference andwhy his appearance felt so out of place withoutstereotyping his features. But because I feel that my stereotyping is the whole point, I will do it anyway and will probably even exaggerate a little. He was a small guy, with a sun-worn facefeaturing a mustache, and he was dressed in old, outdated clothes. His age was difficult todetermine and he struck me as someone from a rural background. I imagined him to be a Syrianlaborer or someone from the Shiite, southern

parts of the city. I do not know if my stereotypingof this man’s appearance is anywhere near thetruth, I am relating this because I had the distinctfeeling my host was thinking along the same lines as I. Although the bartender and the deliveryman seemed to be polite to each other, theircommunication also seemed to be limited to theessentials, as if the two men shared the same citybut lived in different worlds that were notsupposed to intermix.

Still wandering about the notions, conventionsand other social forces that separated these men,I had to give up my musings on the meaning or consequences of what I had just witnessed andwas forced to participate in our early meeting.Apparently, my theorizing about local bar sceneswasn’t speeding things up.

November 16, later that dayNo memories of Haret HreikThe scale of the destruction was massive,

intimidating. It was three o’clock in the afternoon and we

were looking into the void of what had once beena large apartment block in Haret Hreik, a southernsuburb of Beirut. The space that used to be the basement was scattered with clothes, brokenfurniture and lost household goods. Most of the stuff was mixed with chunks of reinforcedconcrete, but some of it was new; the hole seemedto have found a new and temporary use as a litter dump.

Destruction was omnipresent but the overallfeeling was that the neighborhood was comingto terms with the situation. Most of the immediatewreckage had been cleared away and the acutefeeling of emergency had already succumbed to a diligent effort at reconstruction. Bulldozerswere cleaning up the last debris and the streetswere open for traffic. Electricians were up inpoles, repairing phone lines and power cables,construction workers were busy fixing ordemolishing apartment blocks, depending on theamount of damage they had sustained inflicted,and many shopkeepers were improvising to keep their business up and running. People wererepairing their apartments and their shops as well as they could; street life seemed determinedto return to its normal pace. The resilience andendurance of this suburban community wasremarkable.

Haret Hreik was only a ten-minute drive fromGemayzeh, but the difference was striking. Theneighborhood was a crowded concrete jungle ofmostly unfinished residential blocks, and althoughthe bombardments had violently reduced it to a more open and spacious place, the overallatmosphere was that of a tough, introvert andstatic community. I was told that many of theresidential blocks were occupied by members ofthe same clan or extended family. The make-upof the neighborhood was the result of an ad hocbuilding frenzy in the eighties, which had beenintended to accommodate the massive flow ofrefugees trying to escape the civil hostilities in

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the south. The refugees were mainly Shiite, froma rural background, and unfamiliar with the urbanand cosmopolitan dynamics of uptown Beirut.

Haret Hreik was a Hezbollah-controlledneighborhood, so before entering one had to ask permission at a local Hezbollah visitor center,a large tent erected on the edge of one of thedestruction sites. The tent was surrounded bystrange propaganda installations made of debris,broken American consumer goods and rubble ofall kinds painted red – seemingly blood-stained –and decorated with Lebanese flags. Inside thecenter was an exhibition of newspaper cartoonsdepicting thoughts and comments about the war, and while we were waiting for permission we were given a DVD with more Hezbollahpropaganda. Hezbollah’s sideshow was notintended to win my sympathy but to claim thedestruction, the struggle, the death and theendurance in Haret Hreik and incorporate thisepisode into the movement’s collective identity.The visitor center didn’t facilitate remembrance,but claimed exclusive Hezbollah ownership, and although it was very amateurishly organizedit did make us all feel we were trespassing onsomebody else’s turf.

Most of the people in our group, including themany Lebanese, were visiting the neighborhoodfor the first time. Slightly detached from thesurrounding catastrophe, it became clear to usthat we had no memories of Haret Hreik and thatthis was used against us. We weren’t allowed to talk to anyone, and filming and photographingwere restricted on our ‘guided’ tour. The streetsand corners of Haret Hreik and anyone whodwelled upon them did not belong to the publicdomain; they belonged to the exclusive realm of politics. All that was left to us was the dubiousattraction of the spectacle.

November 16, eveningBoundaries of compassionWe were standing at the seashore, south of

Beirut. Around us the cleared wreckage of HaretHreik. Massive amounts of piled-up debris hadbeen moved to this seaside dump, where bigmachines were plowing and working the urbanleftovers. An impressive sight.

Staring at the artificial mountains, I asked one of the Lebanese ALBA students4 whoaccompanied our excursion what his thoughtswere on our afternoon trip to Haret Hreik. Sur -rounded by tons of lost memorabilia, he admittedthat he felt out of place. Although he had lived in Beirut for a large part of his life, it was the firsttime that he had visited the Shiite neighborhoodand, like me, he felt like an intruder.

Fadi came from an urban, upper-class Sunnibackground and had been educated in French-speaking institutions. He lived with his parents on one of the hills to the north of Haret Hreik.From their home they had a first-class view of the bombardments that razed the neighborhood.A shocking experience, and unlike many Sunniand Christian Lebanese, who regarded the waras a war between Hezbollah and Israel, in whichthe rest of Lebanon was just collateral damage,he experienced the war as a direct assault on

his own community. The trip to Haret Hreik,however, made him reconsider his opinions.

Fadi felt like an outsider in the neighborhoodand a stranger amidst the Shiite population. Fadi’sappearance differed greatly from the inhabitantsof Haret Hreik. He was an urban, cosmopolitanyoung man amidst people from a rural andtraditional background. He was aware of anemotional distance to the destruction and feltvery uncomfortable with Hezbollah’s scrutiny. The whole experience made him wonder to what extent Hezbollah had truly represented himduring their war with Israel.

Listening to Fadi’s account, I wondered whythe proximity of the destruction alone wasn’tenough to breach the gap between him and theinhabitants of Haret Hreik. In fact it was the otherway around. He felt close to the people in HaretHreik when he watched from a distance whileIsraeli planes destroyed the neighborhood, andhe felt detached when confronted with thesepeople up close and in person. It was clear thatthey didn’t share the same appearances, values,traditions and urban make-up, but how could that overpower basic human compassion in theface of tragedy? It seems that there are stronglimits to one’s compassion, empathy or evenconscience towards others, limits that can evenresist the normal intimacy of physical closeness.We came very close, but the strong politicalideas and pretensions surrounding Haret Hreiknevertheless kept us at bay.

November 17, morningThe manic machine of political representationWe were taking a trip, traveling by car from

Beirut to the town of Bint Jbeil, in the south of thecountry, close to the Israeli border.

We had just passed the southern outskirts of the capital and outside the car windows bigroadside political billboards celebrated Hezbollah’svictory in the summer war and commemoratedthose who had died. As I read these politicalmessages, it occurred to me that Hezbollah notonly claimed the physical scars of the fighting,like the ruins in Haret Hreik, but also, and maybeeven more so, the emotional ones. Withoutshame, the billboards instructed people how to remember those who had been killed during to war. They were to surpass the actual lives of the victims and their accomplishments, and to remember these victims in a framework ofconflict, resilience and revenge. Their death hadbecome just another instrument in the arsenal of Hezbollah’s political propaganda, and Iwondered if there was any tolerance at all formourning and remembrance in Lebanese publicdiscourse.

The Lebanese are divided by many political,religious and cultural differences, but the one thingthey all have in common is their acquaintance withloss and grief. The violence of the civil war did notdiscriminate. If there is anything each Lebaneseperson and family can relate to, it is probably theneed for mourning and remembrance. That beingsaid, our experiences in Haret Hreik made it clear that it was not easy to recognize one’s selfin the misfortunes of the others. Remembrance998

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and mourning are powerful social notions thatcan be translated into collective and inclusivesocial conventions that deal with difficult periods in a nation’s history. It is obvious that thefunctioning of accepted social institutions whichcould act as collective podia for remembrance or even sorrow is dependent on strong politicalsponsorship.

In Lebanon’s political universe nobody seems to gain from downplaying political rivalry.Especially among the Shiite community, lossesand human tragedies seem to be embedded in the concept of martyrdom. This is an exclusivenotion, which denies any personal feelings ofloss and grief surrounding a tragic event, andimmediately incorporates the incident in adiscourse of conflict, endurance and retaliation.The need for mourning, remembrance andreflection is denied by these manic machines ofpolitical representation.

Everything in Haret Hreik was labeled with apolitical narrative that made the losses exclusivefor anyone who did not agree with the politicalmessage. How could we have not felt awkwardlooking for engagement in the untouchablereality of Haret Hreik?

November 18, morningIntimate confrontations in Bint JbeilI had never seen anything like the war damage

that had reduced the small border town of BintJbeil into the post-apocalyptic landscape it is today. Bint Jbeil had the immense bad luck tobecome the stronghold the Hezbollah fightersneeded to check the Israeli army in its advanceinto Lebanon. Three-quarters of the town hadbeen reduced to rubble, and aside from some ad hoc repairs nothing had been done to rebuildthe village. Destroyed cars, broken furniture and other personal items were scattered amongthe wrecked houses. Walking through this bizarre and other-worldy landscape was deeplymoving, humbling. An inescapable exposé ofhuman failure.

While walking through the destruction I wasinvited inside by an elderly man who was busysalvaging that which still had any value, emotionalor otherwise. He had returned from Beirut, wherehe and his mother had fled when the war started.The largest part of his house was still intact. He was fortunate. On the walls of his living roomwere pictures of his sons, who were physiciansliving in Boston, USA. Both of them had marriedAmerican girls, which seemed to make himespecially proud. He showed me the part of thehouse which had not survived the onslaught. His mother’s bedroom, including her bed, hadbeen cut neatly in half. Beyond the surviving half of the bedroom began a wasteland in whichall houses were reduced to a big pile of stones.Walking out of his mother’s bedroom into thewasteland I found myself on the leftovers ofsomeone else’s house. Someone less fortunate.

The man on top of whose house I wasstanding was around, and he came over to sayhello. He was in his early thirties and had lost notonly his house, but also his daughter and motherduring the fighting. His daughter was three years

old. When he started telling us about his ordealhe broke down. He was a broken man. Nothingleft but grief and his memories. He broke down.We broke down.

All it took to bare witness to this tragedy was an intimate encounter we would neverforget. Hezbollah’s public relations scheme hadattempted to withhold from ‘outsiders’ theevidence that something truly disastrous hadtaken place.

Most people in the south fled the area duringthe summer war. We were told that directly afterhostilities had ceased, those who had fled triedto return to their villages. The ceasefire was onlya couple of hours old when the Israeli soldierswho held positions in the houses and gardensaround Bint Jbeil were confronted with residentscoming back to check up on their belongings.Families entering their houses, Israeli boys sittingthere… Intimate confrontations, in which theyoung soldiers as well as returning families wereforced to meet, to negotiate and hence torecognize the other.

‘When do you think we can start restoring andcleaning up our house?’ ‘I hope tomorrow, wehave orders to stay here until tomorrow.’ ‘Couldwe start today?’ ‘Eh… I don’t know. Maybe weshould ask my commander?’ ‘Could we?’ �

1. It is always a dubious exercise to interpret orcategorize dynamic urban areas; maybe the best wayto refer to the assumed Christian character ofGemayzeh, is that the neighborhood is known as such.

2. The city center was almost completely destroyedduring the Lebanese civil war. After the war ended, the city center became the private property ofSolidaire, a real estate company with close connectionsto the Hariri family, in order to facilitate rapidreconstruction. This unique and controversial public-private construction has created an empty, exclusiveand tasteless neighborhood which was built as aphysical simulacrum of past glory; a tomb.

3. A language he had picked up while studying in Berlin.4. ALBA: Académie Libanaise des Beaux-Arts

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Beirut is an exclusive city. Driving aroundSolidere, downtown Beirut, in your air conditionedSUV, window shopping from behind your darklytinted car windows, from behind your expensivesun glasses, you might feel rather special. Not toomany people get the chance to drive around thecare fully reconstructed streets of Solidere, orshop its many exclusive boutiques. Then again, ifyou happen to live in the Beirut suburbs downsouth, you might feel equally special; there youcan enjoy Israel’s relentless bombing campaignson the almost exclusively targeted Haret Hreik, themostly illegal sprawl of high-rise settlements hometo Lebanon’s large Shi’a community. And again, ifyou happen to run a kiosk in the middle of SassineSquare, the hill top cross-roads in eastern Beirut,you will also experience exclusivity; especiallysince the Pierre Gemayel assassination, the area is once again the heart land of the red-crossedPhalangist Party. Solidere, Haret Hreik, Sassine –they are all very much exclusive places. Exclusiveon the basis of class and identity politics.

And exclusivity extends far beyond merely thephysical space of the city, beyond the realm ofenforced concrete and asphalt. In Lebanon, almosteverything has an exclusive nature: politics isorgan ized along strict sectarian divides; primary,secondary and advanced education is perfectlypossible in well-defined and segregated confines;even memory and history are exclusive.

Together with the people we had met duringthe Beirut Unbuilt event, we set out to challengethis exclusivity and reclaim the streets and squaresaround the city. Armed with a bag of spray paintcans and a stencil sign reading ‘PUBLIC SPACE’in Beirut’s three leading languages, we went outthe night after the funeral of Pierre Gemayel. InDahiye, we didn’t dare venture out. At Sassine, wewere welcomed by the middle-aged lady runningthe kiosk in the square, but then sent away by an old man who was sure we were sent by the rivalChristian faction. Hamra and Gemmayzeh wereeasily reclaimed though. And the pièce derésistance, our addition to the Martyr’s Squarestatue, was put there after a short talk with thepolice guarding this most public – yet recentlyclaimed by Gemayel’s sup porters with bannersand flags – of Beirut’s places. The police, who had gathered in the streets of Beirut in massivenumbers, must have perceived ‘public space’ as something rather hostile. In some weird – butlogical – way, on that night, the soldiers guardingthe public areas and the vandals engaged inreclaiming places for public use were somehowboth protecting the same thing: an open society,inclusive of everyone, exclusive to no-one.

The stencil, made from a piece of card boardthat was left over after Gemayel’s funeraldemonstration, will be re-used over the next few weeks in various demonstrations and sit-inperformances in Beirut.

Mixed reactions

dear joost, ‘In Dahiye, we didn’t dare ventureout’ this indicates the boundary that is created by default within you and your lebanese friends…reestablishing the concept of a territorial placethat cannot be entered easily..you cannot imposeyour thoughts on them or even share them… whichis a pity…and i am not sure whether this boundaryhas a physical evidence…but i know that youshould have tried to go to dahiye and spray theword ‘public space’ … for me it would have addeda deeper meaning to the experience….you calledyourself space invader…you should have invadeddahiye and broke the illusion of such territory :)

Comment by sally khanafer 12.16.06 @ 11:01 pm

dear all,whether we like it or not, boundaries exist. i will

not debate if it’s a good or bad thing…the factsare still there. and its true that the people in dahiehmake you feel this way (at least the politicallyinvolved ones). i even used the term ‘the peoplethere’ … which i will not change after i realizedthat i wrote it. It seems in lebanon there are a lotof ‘the people there’ … mostly out of prejudices,but some are also true and maintained by peoplewho benefit from the situation.

maybe spraying the walls is completely useless,childish…maybe we should paint the dahieh walls…and maybe what joost and his friends did willhave a huge effect…but everything starts in smallsteps, and acts like these are born in the momentand judged upon that moment…

i know at least a couple of people who likedthe idea and thought differently after seeing it.and reaching a couple of people, at least to me,is a huge start.

Comment by jo 12.20.06 @ 10:38 am

dear joost,i believe that the experience itself of spraying

these harmless words is far more interesting thanthe result it might have. living in beirut, i cameacross reading one of your signs on the street andwas really affected by it, as it was a manifestationled by another motive than the political. for me, thewords sprayed are meaningless, it is more aboutthe story behind how you sprayed it in the differentparts of the city, and how you were received by thedifferent inhabitants. your failure in dahyeh says alot about the paranoia in beirut and the aggressiveattachment of each group to his space. i am anarchitecture student from beirut who is searchingfor ways of reclaiming our place in the citydetached from our political backgrounds, and yourexperience is the best example of that. thanks!

Comment by rayan 01.18.07 @ 3:20 pm

The Invaders are Aukje, Steve, Pascale, Rima, Chris, Cara,Layal, Gressy and Joost.

Public SpaceInvadersA report of an awareness action in Lebanesepublic domain Joost Janmaat

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Public Space Invaders at the Martyr Square statue, Beirut.

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10

Not everybody agrees on the effectiveness ofprojects and proposals shown on this blog. Thisblog is an open platform, so it’s is responsiblefor voicing also other and countering ideas andopinions. Here is a comment by Walid on theUnbuilt project:

To The Unbuilt Project/Volume/ArchisI am saddened (and not surprised) by the level

of discussion in this blog. Complacency and crapfor the most, to put it mildly. You need to think innew terms, and take new chances. There is noprospect of peace before dismantling the ‘zionist’-ashkenazi occupation of all Arab territoriescompletely, and undoing all its harm (includespaying indemnities for a century of war crimes,rape, theft, usurpation, propaganda, etc.).

So, design with war in mind! Think of (andresolve where applicable) human needs; measuresto consolidate the resistance and minimize lossesof those fighting for their rights, justice andfreedom, and advance their causes; the state ofcurrent and future technology and armament; the art of war; etc… Enough shooting in the dark.Hit to the right point.

6 Comments so farLeave a comment

Dear Walid,Of course you have a point. Everything we do

as designers or architects won’t stop wars fromhappening. But what to do then…, design fortressor gated communities, dividing every politicalfaction into its own enclave? What design solutionwould have enough power to survive themaelstrom of political tensions and divisions inLebanon? Or give us an idea what would be theconcrete consequence is of designing with ‘warin mind’ … Besides, should designers just waitand do nothing until the problem of the so-called‘zionist-askenazi occupation’ is resolved?

One of the main problems – which turned out during the RSVP event – is that every designdirection can be explained in political terms. Ifyou take this into account as designer, and try toavoid these polarities, you are paralyzed; causeevery design gesture will be explained alongpolitical/ethnical/tribal fault lines … so thepractical realistic designer can do nothing in the end if he in good faith wants to consider allparties into his design proposal.

One of the answers is naivety. Instead ofconsidering every political effect of a designdecision, deploy the power of architectural naivetyand utopia to bring perspective, naive alternatives… Instead of falling in the trap of the omnipresentcul-de-sac political discourse. So we are –among others – aiming at this point what pointdo you want to hit with which weaponry?

Comment by edwingardner 12.14.06 @ 2:42 am

Here is our point: We design with peace in ourmind. With people who are willing to see throughthe differences for the common purpose: peace!

Comment by Nienke Nauta 12.15.06 @ 1:15 pm

Dear Edwin,Thank you for taking my message into

consideration.On the contrary, what I am calling for is a more

engaged and responsible position, strongerdesign proposals (that produce better urbanity,better architecture and better citizens, and, yes,do take security measures into concern (in a futileattempt to counteract ever more sophisticatedarmament technology): less density for example;stronger, more spread and networked shelters;more safe materials (in case of explosions forinstance); more distributed infrastructures; not to mention, of course, fighting and leading thewar on all other levels, i.e. economic, culture,media, etc..).

It is our duty to set forth and facilitate thedevelopment of our communities in a time ofrapid change.

Nienke, Peace be unto you and good luck.Comment by Walid 12.15.06 @ 4:03 pm

Dear Edwin… first… can you please tell mehow to post a thread here on unbuilt?? Technicalthing… thanks a lot.

I am pretty disturbed by the posts put here asyou implied all are proposing designs with war inmind… and really the public space invaders areso off the course. Designing public spaces orsolutions or anything you think first of the peopleand their surroundings not war not hating… wehave to get back to the essence of urban designand architecture… all proposals regarding mobilearchitecture and public invaders are temporaryideas not long time solutions we need long timesolutions not something that can affect peoplefor a day or two.. to change the course of ideasand to affect people we need to work on revivingthese areas connecting them through architecturenot just doing some zooming on the problems.

Comment by aline 01.01.07 @ 10:31 am

‘We have to get back to the essence of urbandesign and architecture…‘ – man you are oldschool – I agree that ‘public invaders’ and the likeare temporary solutions, but what the hell is theessence of urban design? The essence ofarchitecture? How can that sort of idealistic,phenomenological, top down approachcontribute to a war-torn urban fabric? Myself,and hopefully others, would appreciate specificexplanation – otherwise your words are like thatof most politicians, full of hakeh ferigh

Comment by ryan matta b 01.24.07 @ 5:46 am

Helpfully, good idea, thanks.Comment by carribean 03.09.07 @ 11:22 pm 104

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Design with war in mind!www.archis.org/unbuilt/Tuesday December 12th 2006, 7:58 pm posted by Edwin Gardner Filed under: Lebanon, discussion

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:35 Pagina 104

The text on the wall says:

You can not aspire to it …You can only be an instrument of it … The only relationship that architects can have with CHAOS is to take their rightful places in the army of those committed to prevent it .. and fail. And it is only in failure, by accident that chaos happen. B. Mau

This text for me is a response to some irritationof some to the apparent naivety of some of the projects presented. But what are architects,designers to do when chaos, destruction, conflictand war seem inevitable?

I have taken this picture in the Gemmayzehhouse in Beirut. The chalked lines on the wall are like those of a prisoner counting the days ofimprisonment. Here it seems to be theimprisonment of war, where the creative mind,eager to solve problems, even those that seemirresolvable, is paralyzed by this dilemma.

1 Comment so farLeave a comment

The picture say it all. Big ideas don’t mean bigprojects. Naivety can be an answer in thisparticular time in Lebanon. Since what’s happeningnow is un-normal, thinking in the traditional waywill probably not serve us.(political, economic…)Besides, there is a lot of people dedicated andpayed to do so. We’ve been taking things soseriously (as perception of things) for a long timeand it lead to nothing. We still have the sameissues we had decades ago. Trying to do whatwe always did will lead to having what we always had. The ideas are a suggestion to thinkdifferently. And even if they don’t work, failure is also a result.

So instead of irritation, participation is needed.Comment by jo 12.20.06 @ 10:52 am

Check out: www.archis.org/unbuilt

10504

The Architect’s Dilemmawww.archis.org/unbuilt/Thursday December 14th 2006, 8:32 pm posted by Edwin Gardner Filed under: Beirut, architecture

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In November 2006, three months after theSummer War between Hezbollah and Israel, asmall, international group of architects and urbandesigners visited Lebanon. Their goals were to assess damage, meet colleagues, examine theopportunities for new dialogue, and brainstormabout the possibilities of reconstructing destroyedcities and their public domains – despite theseemingly unchallengeable animosities andpolitical deadlocks that have been part ofLebanese life for decades.

Of course, we read about the ruptures insocial life, the aggression that may easily emergeeven in regular disputes, and the superposition of different worldviews within this one smallcountry. But we also were intrigued by reports of a new mutual understanding among theLebanese people, an integration seeminglyprompted by the sheer aggression of an outsideinvader; a kind of ‘United We Stand’ atmosphere,which social theorists call ‘negative integration’,and which can be much stronger than anyattempt at dialogue within a group or population.

But then we were standing there, on the side walk some 20 kilometers south of Beirut,facing hundreds of thousands of tons of rubble and debris caused by the massive bombings by the Israeli. Here we were with a group ofChristian and secular Lebanese architects andstudents, who clearly didn’t consider this massdestruction as part of their own plight. Withinminutes it was crystal clear that national feelingswere much weaker than loyalties to class, religionor sect. The tragic fact emerged that, althoughwe kept talking about what was going on inLebanon as if it were happening in a single country,the truth of the matter was that it was happeningin an area with multiple – and very different –communities, which only shared a common nameand territory thanks to historical coincidence.

I tried to consider what it would mean toexperience a massive attack on Dutch soil, withendless destruction, yet with people reacting as if it was not their war, but other people’s war.In such a scenario, bombed bridges would causeno outrage but only be regarded as a nuisance,similar to other nuisances like the death of fellow civilians and huge economic losses. Myimagination failed me.

This profound lack of communication,comprehension, dialogue and engagementhasn’t stopped bothering me since. To avoid theconsumption of other peoples’ predicament asmerely an unbearable lightness of being and justgoing home, we tried to set up a conversationwith designers, politicians, philosophers andarchitects, in order to start thinking about projectsthat would: a) break through the traditionalboundaries of the prevailing group think and, b)reclaim common ground and public domain rightacross existing cultural divisions. The results areabout to be materialized in a series of upcomingprojects, as described on the following pages.

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Pearls for Lebanon Ole Bouman

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:35 Pagina 112

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v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:37 Pagina 113

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uilt

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ught

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re d

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ple

will

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ully

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m a

nd in

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ct w

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othe

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try

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pro

mot

e th

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diff

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t a

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pla

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mad

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conc

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sp

aces

tha

t yo

u w

ill h

ave

to v

isit,

and

sp

aces

tha

t w

ill c

ome

to y

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here

ver

you

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All

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roje

cts

fall

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er t

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ame

umb

rella

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geth

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age

dia

logu

e, fo

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sort

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pac

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com

mon

gro

und

eve

n.

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diff

er f

rom

eac

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her

in t

he w

ay t

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add

ress

you

and

the

med

ia t

hey

use,

to

try

to a

ffec

t th

e m

axim

um

num

ber

of

peo

ple

and

the

mos

t d

iver

se p

ublic

.The

re a

re a

lread

y m

any

cont

ribut

ors

to t

hese

pro

ject

s, a

lis

t w

hich

inc

lud

es A

rchi

s (V

olum

e),

Par

tizan

Pub

lik,

Pea

rl Fo

und

atio

n, Y

mer

e, D

IGH

, an

d t

he P

rince

Cla

us F

und

fr

om t

he N

ethe

rland

s, a

nd l

ocal

par

tner

s w

ho f

orm

the

Bei

rut

Team

, al

l ai

min

g at

wid

enin

g th

is n

etw

ork

and

in

clud

ing

mor

e co

ntrib

utio

ns,

act

ing

as a

thi

nk t

ank.

Thes

e ac

tiviti

es t

hat

we

pre

sent

are

als

o a

way

to

enco

urag

e fo

reig

ners

to v

isit

Leb

anon

and

cre

ate

an e

mot

iona

l lin

k w

ith th

is s

mal

l but

ver

y in

vitin

g co

untr

y w

hich

w

ill h

opef

ully

mak

e it

imp

ossi

ble

to

bom

b e

ver

agai

n. A

nd w

e as

sure

you

, yo

u w

ill w

ant

to s

tay

ther

e, a

s p

assi

onat

ely

as m

any

Leb

anes

e w

ant

to le

ave.

Wha

t w

e ar

e as

king

for

is n

ot o

nly

your

fina

ncia

l hel

p, b

ut a

lso

men

tal a

nd e

mot

iona

l sup

por

t fo

r ou

r p

roje

cts

in

ord

er t

o b

enef

it fr

om y

our

exp

ertis

e; t

his

is w

hy y

ou w

ill fi

nd p

rop

osal

s b

ut a

lso

que

stio

ns in

our

pre

sent

atio

n.

MY

LE

BA

NO

N, Y

OU

R L

EB

AN

ON

…

We

hop

e P

earls

for

Leb

anon

will

b

e a

step

tha

t ad

ds

a lit

tle b

it of

ho

t w

ater

to

the

mel

ting

pot

.

Th

ank

you

PH

OT

OG

RA

PH

YF

RE

DE

RIC

LE

ZM

I

AM

STE

RD

AM

TE

AM

WW

W.B

LOG

GIN

GB

EIR

UT.

CO

M

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:37 Pagina 115

DA

JJÉ

Wha

t’s

the

Noi

se a

bou

t?

Noi

se –

Daj

jé in

Ara

bic

– is

a m

agaz

ine

for

cultu

ral

inte

rven

tion,

ded

icat

ed t

o ex

per

i-

men

tal p

roje

cts

and

the

ir re

aliz

atio

n.A

n in

dep

end

ent,

bili

ngua

l (A

rab

ic–E

nglis

h),

qua

rter

ly m

agaz

ine

dea

ling

with

som

e ke

y is

sues

in

th

e M

idd

le

Eas

t,

it op

ens

up

bou

ndar

ies

and

se

rves

as

an

in

terf

ace

bet

wee

n su

bje

cts

of r

egio

nal

inte

rven

tion

and

glo

bal

deb

ate.

Noi

se jo

ins

forc

es w

ith th

ose

of li

ke m

ind

in

the

que

st t

o se

ek n

ew d

irect

ions

in a

rchi

- te

ctur

al t

hink

ing,

art

s an

d c

ultu

re;

it is

a

med

ium

for

soci

o-p

oliti

cal a

ctiv

ism

.In

itiat

ed b

y S

tud

io B

eiru

t an

d V

olum

e, t

his

pro

ject

is

an a

ttem

pt

to o

pen

a f

orum

for

re

sear

ch a

nd d

esig

n, e

nlar

ging

the

net

- w

ork

of t

he T

hink

and

Act

tan

k.If

Stu

dio

Bei

rut

stan

ds

for

a fix

ed c

omm

on

spac

e w

here

pro

ject

s ar

e d

iscu

ssed

and

la

unch

ed b

y va

rious

par

tner

s, t

hen

Noi

se

will

be

its tw

o-d

imen

sion

al, w

idel

y d

isse

m-

inat

ed v

ersi

on.

Noi

se w

ill b

e he

ard

, and

rea

d.

This

‘ze

ro’

issu

e of

Noi

se,

dis

trib

uted

for

fr

ee w

ith V

olum

e 11

: U

nbui

lt, i

s a

spec

ial

editi

on o

n p

roje

cts

evol

ving

aro

und

pub

lic

spac

es i

n Le

ban

on.

Thes

e p

roje

cts

wer

e p

rese

nted

at

th

e sh

ow

‘Pea

rls

for

Leb

anon

’ at

De

Bal

ie A

mst

erd

am,

on t

he

6th

of M

arch

200

7.

Join

in a

nd le

t’s

mak

e so

me

Noi

se!

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:37 Pagina 116

In

a

co

un

try

wh

ere

c

om

mu

nit

ies

be

ca

me

se

gre

ga

ted

aft

er

a l

on

g c

ivil

wa

r, it

was

onl

y na

tura

l to

foc

us t

he B

eiru

t U

nbui

lt d

ebat

e o

n fin

din

g a

co

mm

on

gro

und

tha

t co

uld

uni

te t

he

Leba

nese

by

havi

ng t

hem

sha

re t

he s

ame

visi

ons.

S

tudi

o B

eiru

t is

the

first

ste

p in

this

dire

ctio

n, a

pla

ce

whe

re t

hese

sub

ject

s an

d i

ssue

s ar

e i

niti

ate

d,

dis

cuss

ed

and

p

rom

oted

. In

es

senc

e,

Stu

dio

B

eiru

t is

sim

ply

a c

omm

on s

pac

e.

Th

ere

is n

oth

ing

sim

ple

in a

co

mm

on

sp

ac

e

Stu

dio

Bei

rut

will

hav

e to

be

a p

lace

tha

t lo

oks

bey

ond

eth

nic

and

soc

io-e

cono

mic

al e

ncla

ves,

tr

ies

to

avoi

d

any

nega

tive

conn

otat

ion

(relig

ious

, ter

ritor

ial)

and

pro

mot

es p

ublic

pol

icy

and

cul

ture

.

It’s

an o

pen

pla

ce f

or p

opul

atio

ns f

rom

diff

eren

t b

ackg

roun

ds

to e

xplo

re v

ario

us d

evel

opm

ent

pla

ns t

hrou

gh a

ran

ge o

f ac

tiviti

es,

and

lea

rn

how

to

app

ly t

hem

on

the

natio

nal,

ideo

logi

cal

and

pol

itica

l le

vel

to f

orm

ulat

e a

com

mon

pla

n fo

r al

l.S

tud

io B

eiru

t is

a p

lace

tha

t in

itiat

es t

hink

ing

and

dis

cuss

ions

on

arch

itect

ure,

art

, cul

ture

and

ur

ban

dev

elop

men

t, a

nd th

eir r

ole

and

resp

onsi

-b

ility

in s

ocie

ty.

It’s

a p

lace

th

at

faci

litat

es

and

st

imul

ates

st

uden

ts, f

resh

gra

dua

tes

and

am

ateu

rs in

the

ir ar

tistic

and

cul

tura

l exp

ress

ion.

Fin

ally

, Stu

dio

Bei

rut w

ill b

e a

po

rtal

to c

ultu

ral

Bei

rut

for

fore

igne

rs,

a w

elco

min

g a

nd w

ell

conn

ecte

d p

lace

tha

t p

rovi

des

a k

ick

star

t to

ex

plo

re t

he c

ity a

nd o

ther

reg

ions

of L

eban

on.

Fro

m G

em

ma

yze

Ho

use

to

Stu

dio

Be

iru

t

Ove

r th

e la

st

thre

e ye

ars,

w

e h

ave

bee

n

org

aniz

ing

a p

ublic

sp

ace

in w

hat

is k

now

n no

w a

s th

e G

emm

ayze

Hou

se.In

the

last

yea

rs,

Gem

may

ze h

as g

row

n in

to t

he s

tron

g ho

ld o

f th

e al

tern

ativ

e sc

ene,

with

the

hou

se a

s on

e of

its

cen

tres

.T

he h

ous

e is

a f

eel-

at-h

om

e w

here

par

ties,

ex

hib

itio

ns,

mo

vie

mak

ing

, p

lay

rehe

arsa

ls

and

sev

eral

gat

heri

ngs

too

k p

lace

fo

r fr

ee,(a

si

mp

le b

ring

yo

ur o

wn

dri

nk a

ffai

r).

The

unex

pec

ted

fr

eque

ntat

ion

by

a la

rge

num

ber

of

peo

ple

mad

e th

is h

ouse

a m

eetin

g p

lace

fo

r m

any

Leb

anes

e an

d

Fore

igne

rs

in

Bei

rut.

It

bec

ame

a p

lace

whe

re p

eop

le f

eel

com

fort

able

and

mee

t ot

hers

eve

n if

it d

idn’

t ho

ld e

vent

s re

gula

rly.

This

exp

erie

nce

mad

e us

als

o se

e th

e ne

ed f

or

such

sp

aces

whe

re a

mat

eurs

and

fre

sh g

rad

u-at

es c

an o

per

ate,

and

whe

re p

roje

cts

can

be

dis

cuss

ed a

nd e

xecu

ted

(In

tern

atio

nal

Day

of

Pea

ce

in

Khi

yam

, C

ome

hom

e ex

hib

ition

, xc

hang

e p

arty

, Bei

rut

unb

uilt)

.Th

e B

eiru

t Stu

dio

will

be

an e

qui

pp

ed v

ersi

on o

f th

e G

emm

ayze

Hou

se. I

t will

try

to re

spon

d to

all

thes

e ne

eds

whi

le

havi

ng

seve

ral

tool

s to

en

larg

e its

net

wor

k th

roug

h se

vera

l m

edia

and

lo

cal p

artn

ers.

Idea

lly, B

eiru

t Stu

dio

will

not

onl

y b

e a

third

cho

ice,

but

a p

latf

orm

from

whi

ch n

ew

choi

ces

and

idea

s ar

e in

itiat

ed.

Com

e ho

me

exhi

bitio

n

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:37 Pagina 117

The

pro

gra

m i

s d

ivid

ed i

n se

vera

l se

ctio

ns,

esta

blis

hing

a

cent

reliz

ed

bas

e fo

r ce

rtai

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd i

nsur

ing

la

rger

are

a co

vera

ge

thro

ugh

dec

entr

eliz

ed e

vent

s.Th

e S

tud

io B

eiru

t is

the

bas

e fo

r ot

her

pro

ject

s an

d t

heir

laun

ch s

tatio

n.

Fixe

d p

rogr

am: (

bas

ed in

Stu

dio

Bei

rut)

>C

afé

loun

ge t

hat

serv

es l

ight

bev

erag

es a

nd

snac

ks, a

nd o

ffers

an

inte

rnet

con

nect

ion

>M

eetin

g ro

om t

o ho

st e

vent

s, w

ith a

n ur

ban

sh

ow a

s a

pla

tfor

m f

or t

hink

ing

and

dis

cuss

ing

rece

nt

urb

an

and

so

cial

d

evel

opm

ents

in

ta

ndem

with

oth

er p

roje

cts.

>C

ine

Clu

b,

a m

onth

ly c

ycle

of

pic

ked

mov

ies

that

is fo

llow

ed b

y d

iscu

ssio

ns o

n th

e su

bje

ct.

>Li

bra

ry,

and

an

exch

ange

boo

k sh

elf,

whe

re

you

can

exch

ange

any

boo

k yo

u d

on’t

need

w

ith o

ther

s.>

Lost

& F

ound

, w

here

you

can

buy

and

sel

l ob

ject

s th

at y

ou d

on’t

need

any

mor

e, o

r ob

ject

s of

des

ign

by

youn

g am

ateu

rs a

rtis

ts.

>O

ffic

es f

or

the

web

site

, m

agaz

ine

and

the

ed

itio

n o

f th

e al

tern

ativ

e B

eiru

t m

ap

that

g

uid

es y

ou

thro

ugh

our

eve

nts,

Ho

stel

, an

d

colla

bo

ratin

g p

artn

ers

activ

ities

.>

Exh

ibiti

on s

pac

e fo

r ar

tists

, fr

esh

grad

uate

s an

d a

mat

eurs

.>

Teac

hing

cou

rses

in d

iffer

ent

area

s>

Wo

rksh

op

sp

ace

dea

ling

w

ith

po

litic

s,

med

ia, a

rt, c

ultu

re, a

rchi

tect

ure

and

des

ign

as

inst

rum

ents

of

soci

al e

ngin

eeri

ng,

add

ress

ing

th

eir

role

and

res

po

nsib

ilitie

s in

so

ciet

y.

Eve

nts:

(dec

entr

aliz

ed a

ctiv

ities

)

The

Eve

nts

of S

tud

io B

eiru

t w

ill b

e he

ld o

utsi

de

its p

rem

ises

as

freq

uent

ly a

s p

ossi

ble

.Th

ese

Eve

nts

will

be

par

ties

held

with

loc

al

colla

bor

ator

s,

auct

ions

on

d

esig

n ite

ms,

b

ig

feas

ts w

here

all

Stu

dio

Bei

rut v

isito

rs a

re in

vite

d

to a

rchi

tect

ural

and

art

istic

con

test

s, fo

rum

s…Fi

nally

the

re is

one

reg

ular

eve

nt.

A t

our,

led

by

an a

rchi

tect

, p

lann

er o

r w

riter

, is

als

o p

lann

ed

ever

y tw

o w

eeks

in

diff

eren

t p

arts

of

the

city

. W

alk

ing

th

e

dis

tan

ce

is

an

op

por

tuni

ty

to

exp

lore

new

asp

ects

of

the

city

with

que

stio

ns

rele

vant

to

soci

al, p

oliti

cal a

nd c

ultu

ral t

opic

s.

The

even

ts o

rgan

ized

out

sid

e th

e S

tud

io w

ill

enab

le u

s to

rea

ch p

eop

le i

n d

iffer

ent

regi

ons,

b

ackg

roun

ds

and

inte

rest

s.

Thro

ugh

the

med

ia i

t us

es

(mag

azin

e, w

ebsi

te),

Stu

dio

B

eiru

t w

ill

have

to

co

ver

othe

r p

arts

of

th

e M

idd

le

Eas

t.Is

sues

and

dev

elop

men

ts in

th

e w

ider

re

gion

w

ill

be

add

ress

ed

in

the

Stu

dio

; fo

rmat

s an

d m

edia

will

be

exp

orte

d to

the

surr

ound

ing

coun

trie

s.A

s st

ated

ea

rlier

, S

tud

io

Bei

rut

in i

ts s

imp

lest

for

m

as a

com

mon

sp

ace

dea

ling

with

unc

omm

on i

ssue

s; a

s su

ch,

it w

ill n

ot o

nly

affe

ct

Bei

rut

but

al

so

the

wid

er

regi

on.

Bei

rut

has

a ric

h cu

ltura

l life

, an

d t

he n

ight

sc

ene

is e

spec

ially

act

ive.

The

city

is fa

mou

s in

th

e re

gion

fo

r its

cl

ubs,

fe

stiv

als

and

ga

llerie

s. T

hat

said

, m

any

of

the

pla

tfo

rms

and

ve

nues

in

Le

ban

on

have

a

rath

er

excl

usiv

e ch

arac

ter.

Stu

dio

Bei

rut

will

be

a sp

ace

in t

he c

ity t

hat

has

no p

erso

nal o

r fin

anci

al ta

rget

s, th

us it

will

b

e ea

sier

to

avo

id a

ny c

onn

ota

tions

, b

ecau

se

it w

ork

s in

an

op

en a

nd in

an

incl

usiv

e m

atte

r.

The

Stu

dio

Bei

rut,

as

the

nam

e in

dic

ates

, is

lo

cate

d i

n B

eiru

t, a

s th

is c

ity i

s cu

rren

tly t

he

bas

e fo

r al

l deb

ates

and

art

life

in L

eban

on, a

nd

all

even

ts w

ill b

e d

isp

erse

d o

n th

e re

st o

f th

e Le

ban

ese

terr

itory

.

Stu

dio

Bei

rut,

with

its

app

roac

h an

d p

rogr

ams,

is

a u

niq

ue p

roje

ct in

Leb

anon

.

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 118

thin

k ta

nk e

xam

ple

The

fact

tha

t th

e co

untr

y la

cks

any

free

pos

ting

stru

ctur

es a

nd th

is s

ituat

ion

led

to a

cha

otic

and

p

ollu

ting

pos

ting

on w

alls

all

over

the

citi

es.

The

str

eet

blo

g c

ont

rib

utes

in

clai

min

g t

he

sid

ewal

ks

as

a co

mm

on

pub

lic

spac

e an

d

inve

stin

g th

ese

spac

es a

s an

are

a fo

r dis

cuss

ion

and

pro

mot

ing

vario

us c

ultu

ral a

ctiv

ities

.

A s

pec

ific

spac

e on

the

wal

l will

be

ded

icat

ed to

st

udio

B

eiru

t’s

‘sen

d

and

re

ceiv

e co

rner

’, p

osin

g su

ch q

uest

ions

as

“if

I w

as in

cha

rge

of

the

coun

try,

I w

ould

...”.

The

pub

lic c

an p

ost

thei

r id

eas

and

sen

d t

heir

que

stio

ns a

nd s

ugge

stio

ns in

thi

s sp

ace,

whi

le

the

rest

of

the

wal

l is

ded

icat

ed f

reel

y to

pub

lic

use

(con

cert

pro

mo,

the

atre

s or

mov

ie t

raile

rs,

adve

rtis

emen

ts…

) un

der

th

e tit

le

“you

ar

e al

low

ed t

o p

ost

on t

his

wal

l” a

s a

resp

onse

to

the

mun

icip

aliti

es g

raffi

ti “y

ou a

re n

ot a

llow

ed to

p

ost o

n th

e w

alls

” w

hich

you

can

see

all

over

the

city

wal

ls.

The

ch

amel

eon

wal

l m

imic

s th

e b

ackg

roun

d o

f a

wal

l in

any

reg

ion

whe

re

it w

ill

be

imp

lem

ente

d

(dep

end

ing

on

each

reg

ion,

the

wal

l te

xtur

e an

d

colo

ur

will

ch

ang

e),

ensu

ring

its

visu

al in

teg

ratio

n.

The

pro

ject

al

so

incl

udes

ad

ded

va

lues

su

ch

as

the

ben

ch

and

an

at

tach

ed p

en.

The

Thin

k Ta

nk i

s an

op

por

tuni

ty t

o in

trod

uce

an

urb

an

elem

ent

that

se

rves

mul

tiple

pur

pos

es,

and

boo

sts

the

com

mun

icat

ion

bet

wee

n ci

tizen

s (c

olle

ctin

g a

sinc

ere

visi

on s

ince

the

p

artic

ipan

t w

ill r

emai

n an

onym

ous)

. Th

e n

um

ber

o

f st

and

s p

rod

uce

d

can

incr

ease

to

co

ver

wid

er r

egio

ns

and

diff

eren

t ci

ties

, an

d b

eco

me

a re

fere

nd

um

str

uct

ure

on

a n

atio

nal

le

vel.

The

Thi

nk T

ank

will

pro

vid

e an

urb

an ‘

easy

ac

cess

’ p

latf

orm

us

ed

by

Stu

dio

B

eiru

t to

co

mm

unic

ate

with

the

pub

lic a

nd e

nlar

ge

its

netw

ork

, pro

vid

ing

urb

an s

truc

ture

s la

ckin

g t

o

the

city

and

cau

sing

, b

y th

eir

abse

nce,

gre

at

visu

al p

ollu

tion.

Th

e

pre

sen

ted

st

ruc

ture

is

b

ase

d

on

a

“c

ha

me

leo

n w

all”

tha

t m

elts

with

the

bac

k-gr

ound

and

will

be

offe

red

to m

unic

ipal

ities

and

p

lace

d in

str

ateg

ic lo

catio

ns (

sid

ewal

ks in

fro

nt

of

thea

tres

, p

ublic

spac

es,

cine

mas

, p

ubs,

p

ublic

pho

nes…

) and

in S

tud

io B

eiru

t.A

ll p

lann

ing

and

fee

db

ack

will

be

rece

ived

by

Stu

dio

Bei

rut

and

pub

lishe

d i

n th

e m

agaz

ine

and

web

site

.

At

a la

ter

stag

e th

e B

US

will

hel

p d

istr

ibut

e th

e Th

ink

Tank

in e

very

reg

ion

it w

ill v

isit.

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 119

Du

rin

g

the

civi

l w

ar

in

19

75

, L

eban

on

w

as

arch

itec

tura

lly d

ivid

ed i

nto

sec

tari

an r

egio

ns,

in

whi

ch

each

re

ligio

us

com

mun

ity

exer

cise

d

its

ow

n ur

ban

ru

les

and

fo

rmed

its

o

wn

pub

lic

spac

es w

hich

ref

lect

ed i

ts p

erce

ptio

n o

f sp

ace

and

ult

ima

tely

wa

s o

nly

use

d b

y th

is s

pe

cif

ic

co

mm

un

ity.

Sni

per

s an

d b

om

bs

dep

rive

d t

he L

eban

ese

fro

m

the

cultu

re o

f w

alki

ng t

he s

tree

ts o

r ha

ngin

g o

ut

in p

arks

.A

dar

ing

pro

ject

is in

tend

ed t

o a

dd

ress

thi

s is

sue

and

to c

reat

e p

ublic

sp

aces

that

initi

ally

will

be

as

gen

eric

as

po

ssib

le a

nd w

here

diff

eren

t p

eop

le

fro

m d

iver

se b

ackg

roun

ds

can

mee

t.R

ath

er t

han

co

ncl

ud

ing

th

at p

ub

lic s

pac

e an

d

com

mu

nit

y lif

e ar

e in

dec

line,

we

sho

uld

en

vi-

sio

n a

so

ciet

y re

cep

tive

to p

lura

lism

. A

dyn

amic

in

terv

entio

n is

ne

eded

to

co

ntri

but

e to

so

cial

sp

ace.

In p

aral

lel

to t

he f

ixed

pla

tfor

ms

rep

rese

nted

in

othe

r p

roje

cts,

thr

ough

and

sim

ilar

to S

tud

io B

eiru

t (th

e m

othe

r shi

p),

a m

ovab

le p

latf

orm

is in

tend

ed to

re

ach

thos

e w

ho c

anno

t, f

or a

ny r

easo

n, a

cces

s th

e m

agaz

ine,

the

web

site

or

the

stud

io it

self…

This

mov

able

pla

tfor

m is

rep

rese

nted

by

a b

us,

or

an o

mni

bus

(sin

ce o

mni

mea

ns f

or a

ll),

that

will

be

mov

ing

from

one

loca

tion

to a

noth

er.

Inst

ead

of

tran

spor

ting

peo

ple

, as

it

com

mon

ly

doe

s, t

his

omni

bus

will

tra

nsp

ort

spac

e, o

r m

ore

spec

ifica

lly, w

ill g

ener

ate

inst

ant

pub

lic s

pac

e.

The

BU

S,

is s

ched

uled

to

be

laun

ched

as

the

final

p

hase

of

the

pro

ject

. It

add

ress

es l

ocal

peo

ple

’s

need

s b

y d

eliv

erin

g us

eful

, w

ell c

once

ived

sp

aces

an

d s

ervi

ces.

It w

ill b

e p

art

of m

uch

larg

er c

omm

u-na

l fa

cilit

ies.

It

doe

s no

t fo

rm a

mic

roco

sm i

n a

regi

on,

but

lin

ks i

tsel

f w

ith s

urro

und

ing

com

mun

i-tie

s.

The

pro

gram

is

si

mp

le

and

d

ivid

ed

in

seve

ral

cate

gorie

s to

try

to

attr

act

the

larg

est

num

ber

of

peo

ple

, and

all

serv

ices

are

affo

rdab

le t

o al

l peo

ple

.Th

e B

US

is c

omp

osed

of…

a b

us.

It w

ill t

rans

por

t p

erfo

rmer

s (m

usic

ians

, ki

ds

activ

i-tie

s…),

ben

ches

, lig

htin

g, a

wc,

but

als

o fr

ee f

ood

, an

exc

hang

e lib

rary

and

sp

ort

equi

pm

ents

and

any

ac

tivity

th

at

crea

tes

an

inst

ant

anim

ated

p

ublic

sp

ace.

The

pro

gram

incl

udes

the

use

of lo

cal m

ate-

rials

and

dem

and

s lo

cal p

artic

ipat

ion

in t

he p

ublic

sp

ace

(dep

end

ing

on e

ach

regi

on w

e vi

sit,

it c

ould

b

e lo

cal

mus

icia

ns

or

poe

ts,

feas

ts

or

dan

ces,

ki

osks

tha

t se

ll lo

cal

pro

duc

ts…

) to

pro

mot

e th

at

spac

e an

d m

ake

sure

tha

t it

is u

p t

o th

e lo

cals

to

sust

ain

and

mai

ntai

n it

in t

he fu

ture

.

Beirut

Jeb Janin

Halba

Khiyam

Zahle

Junieh

Nabatiye

Tayr Debba

Aalay

Tarik el Jdide

Bkaakafra

Ras Baalbak

Joun

Tripoli

Amyoun

HermelRachaya

Bechare

Jezzine

Bint Jbeil

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 120

Th

e S

tud

io

Bei

rut

team

w

ill

cho

ose

st

rate

gic

em

pty

lo

ts

of

lan

d,

or

an

exis

tin

g

pu

blic

sp

ace

that

n

eed

s b

oo

stin

g.

The

BU

S w

ill o

per

ate

for

a p

erio

d o

f tim

e in

th

e se

lect

ed

area

un

til

the

spac

e’s

man

agem

ent

can

be

hand

led

b

y lo

cals

. If

the

exp

erie

nce

wo

rks,

we

will

le

ave

the

bas

ic

equi

pm

ent

and

m

ove

to

an

oth

er

des

tinat

ion.

If

it

do

esn’

t, w

e w

ill j

ust

mo

ve e

very

thin

g

with

us

to t

he n

ext

des

tinat

ion.

The

omni

bus

will

be

the

mob

ile p

latf

orm

th

at e

nsur

es th

e p

rolif

erat

ion

of th

e Th

ink

Tank

urb

an e

lem

ent,

pro

mot

ing

Stu

dio

B

eiru

t an

d e

nlar

ging

its

netw

ork.

All

pla

nnin

g an

d

feed

bac

k w

ill

be

rece

ived

in

Stu

dio

Bei

rut

and

pub

lishe

d

in t

he m

agaz

ine

and

on

the

web

site

.

Th

e o

mn

ibu

s,

with

its lin

e “i

f yo

u

wo

n’t

co

me t

o t

he p

ub

lic s

pace, th

e

pu

blic

sp

ace w

ill c

om

e t

o y

ou

”, i

s

als

o a

way t

o e

nco

ura

ge l

ocals

to

cla

im

their

pu

blic

sp

ace,

as

it

is

pre

sen

ted

as

a

syste

m

ap

t fo

r d

evelo

pm

en

t.

It

will

p

rom

ote

th

e

exp

ressio

n o

f activitie

s a

nd

vis

ion

s

of

the l

ocals

th

rou

gh

pu

blic

sp

ace

by esta

blis

hin

g a p

hysic

al

co

nta

ct

betw

een

d

iffe

ren

t co

mm

un

itie

s.

Th

ey

are

th

e

decis

ive

facto

r o

n

wh

eth

er

it w

ill b

e a

on

e n

igh

t sta

nd

, o

r w

ill p

rosp

er

an

d liv

e o

n.

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 121

Suc

h an

initi

ativ

e w

ill a

ssur

e a

host

sp

ace

for

all p

eop

le in

tere

sted

in t

akin

g a

clo

ser

loo

k to

Leb

ano

n in

a m

od

erat

e p

rice

and

th

roug

h an

au

then

tic

exp

erie

nce.

It

has

bee

n in

tro

duc

ed

loca

lly

by

alre

ady

one

o

rgan

izat

ions

: Z

ico

hous

e.

Ther

efor

e w

e ne

ed

to d

ecid

e if

we

wan

t to

est

ablis

h a

new

net

wor

k of

loc

atio

ns o

r ap

pen

d t

he

sour

ces

that

are

int

eres

ted

to

the

exis

ting

orga

nize

rs.

In a

dd

ition

to

the

men

tione

d p

roje

ct ,

a

yout

h ho

stel

is

b

eing

p

lann

ed

in

the

Gem

ayzé

hou

se h

opin

g th

at w

e in

clud

e it

in

our

cont

acts

for

peo

ple

sea

rchi

ng f

or a

n af

ford

able

sp

ace

to s

pen

d t

heir

stay

.

Why

a h

oste

l?

Of

all

the

sche

mes

tha

t yo

u m

ight

thi

nk a

bou

t fo

r en

hanc

ing

and

im

pro

ving

Leb

anon

, a

host

el m

ight

se

em th

e le

ast l

ikel

y ch

oice

. How

ever

you

are

terr

ibly

w

rong

.A n

umb

er o

f fa

ctor

s in

dic

atin

g a

chan

ging

re

ality

in

Eur

opea

n tr

avel

tre

nds

are

as a

pp

aren

t in

Le

ban

on a

s el

sew

here

in t

he w

orld

, na

mel

y; t

he r

ise

of b

udge

t ai

rline

s, t

he i

nter

net

and

the

gro

wth

in

ind

epen

den

t tra

vel.U

ndou

bte

dly

Leb

anon

cou

ld b

e a

pop

ular

des

tinat

ion

for

bac

kpac

kers

bec

ause

of

its

geog

rap

hica

l, cl

imat

ic,

soci

al a

nd c

ultu

ral

asse

ts.

Bei

rut

offe

rs s

ea,

ski,

uniq

ue a

ncie

nt a

rcha

eolo

gica

l si

tes,

bea

utifu

l p

eop

le,

Pho

enic

ian

scie

nce,

goo

d

food

, a li

vely

nig

ht s

cene

and

eas

y tr

avel

to th

e m

ore

trad

ition

al A

rab

ic h

inte

rland

.

The

ben

efits

for

Leb

anon

in

enco

urag

ing

the

bac

k-p

acki

ng s

cene

can

be

exp

lain

ed a

s fo

llow

s. T

he d

aily

sp

end

ing

of a

bac

kpac

ker

may

be

low

er,

the

trav

el-

lers

ten

d t

o st

ay lo

nger

and

tra

vel w

ider

in t

he d

esti-

natio

n. B

ecau

se th

e le

ngth

of s

tay

is lo

nger

and

mos

t sp

end

ing

is m

ade

with

loc

al b

usin

esse

s, t

he l

ocal

ec

onom

ic i

mp

act

can

be

far

grea

ter

than

for

oth

er

typ

es o

f tou

rists

.

Bac

kpac

kers

and

ind

epen

den

t tr

avel

lers

ten

d t

o b

e tr

end

sett

ers

bac

k in

the

ir ho

me

coun

trie

s, h

elp

ing

to

pro

mot

e a

des

tinat

ion,

par

ticul

arly

thr

ough

wor

d o

f m

outh

and

the

rise

of th

e in

tern

et a

s a

mas

s co

mm

u-ni

catio

n to

ol.

For

exa

mp

le,

New

Zea

land

, Th

aila

nd,

Vie

tnam

and

Ind

ia w

ere

‘dis

cove

red

’ b

y th

e b

udge

t tr

avel

mar

ket

and

are

now

am

ongs

t th

e le

ader

s of

th

e m

ains

trea

m m

arke

t as

wel

l.

Bac

kpac

kers

te

nd

to

be

high

ly

educ

ated

, an

d

thou

gh ‘

low

bud

get’

now

, ar

e m

ore

likel

y to

be

of

high

dis

pos

able

inc

ome

in t

he f

utur

e.

Des

tinat

ions

th

at t

hey

find

att

ract

ive

and

enj

oy a

s b

ackp

acke

rs

are

likel

y to

be

ones

whi

ch w

ill b

ecom

e a

des

tinat

ion

of c

hoic

e fo

r th

em a

nd t

heir

fam

ilies

in t

he fu

ture

.

Why

wou

ld a

Hos

tel w

ork?

Intr

oduc

ing

a to

uris

t flo

w t

o a

coun

try

that

is

still

re

cove

ring

is o

nly

pos

sib

le t

hrou

gh t

he in

dep

end

ent

trav

elle

rs a

nd b

ackp

acke

rs b

ecau

se th

e on

ly re

qui

re-

men

ts fo

r th

is t

ype

of t

rave

llers

is t

he p

rese

nce

of a

n ad

equa

te in

fras

truc

ture

to h

ost t

hem

, the

ir ad

vent

ur-

ousn

ess

and

cur

iosi

ty o

verc

omes

any

inst

abili

ty.

How

to

set

up a

hos

tel a

nd w

hat

we

need

The

host

el i

n B

eiru

t is

bei

ng d

evel

oped

by

Stu

dio

B

eiru

t in

colla

bor

atio

n w

ith T

he C

ircus

Ber

lin w

hich

is

par

t of

the

Eur

opea

n H

oste

l Coo

per

atio

n.Th

e B

eiru

t Stu

dio

team

alre

ady

cam

e up

with

a fi

nan-

cial

stu

dy

for

sett

ing

up a

nd l

aunc

hing

a h

oste

l in

ce

ntra

l Bei

rut.

We

need

you

r su

pp

ort

dev

elop

ing

this

pro

ject

and

co

nnec

ting

Leb

anon

to

the

rest

of t

he w

orld

.Th

is p

roje

ct w

ill b

e th

e st

art

of a

saf

ety

net

bas

ed o

n th

e id

ea o

f em

otio

nal a

ttac

hmen

t an

d id

entif

icat

ion,

p

eop

le w

ho w

ill v

isit

Leb

anon

and

sta

y in

the

hos

tel,

and

sim

ilar

pla

ces

we

hop

e th

is p

roje

ct w

ill c

atal

yse,

ar

e lik

ely

to b

ecom

e th

e ad

voca

tes

and

sp

eake

rs o

f an

inte

rnat

iona

lly p

eace

-orie

nted

flou

rishi

ng v

isio

n of

Le

ban

on.

ww

w.h

otel

iban

ais.

com

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 122

Pea

rl su

pp

orts

th

e re

stor

atio

n of

p

ublic

se

rvic

es

and

th

e re

aliz

atio

n of

cu

ltura

l ac

tiviti

es.

Man

y p

roje

cts

wer

e in

itiat

ed b

y P

earl

in t

he

sout

h of

Leb

anon

:

Orp

ha

na

ge

in

Tib

nin

Pla

yg

rou

nd

an

d p

ark

in

Ta

yr

De

bb

a

Co

mp

ute

r p

roje

ct

in T

ayr

De

bb

a

Furt

herm

ore,

Pea

rl ai

ms

to s

timul

ate

inte

rcul

-tu

ral u

nder

stan

din

g b

y b

ringi

ng p

eop

le to

geth

er

and

to

enco

urag

e a

dia

logu

e.

See

als

o w

ww

.pea

rl-fo

und

atio

n.co

m

Tran

spo

rtat

ion

in L

eban

on

, al

tho

ug

h it

is

a sm

all

cou

ntr

y, c

an t

ake

a lo

ng

tim

e es

pec

ially

no

w t

he r

oad

s ar

e d

estr

oyed

in

the

rece

nt w

ar.

A f

ast

boa

t lin

e al

ong

the

coas

t ca

n im

pro

ve t

rave

l tim

e, b

ut w

ill a

lso

form

an

alte

rnat

ive

to t

rave

lling

alo

ne i

n a

car.

A f

erry

is a

rel

axin

g an

d n

ice

way

of

tran

s-p

orta

tion

that

gi

ves

room

fo

r m

eetin

g p

eop

le,

wor

king

and

rea

din

g. T

he s

truc

ture

en

visi

oned

is

‘ligh

t’ m

eani

ng t

hat

it ca

n b

e im

ple

men

ted

eas

ily b

y lo

cal

mun

icip

aliti

es

and

no

huge

inf

rast

ruct

ural

sch

emes

are

ne

cess

ary.

In t

he p

rese

nt u

nsta

ble

pol

itica

l si

tuat

ion

wer

e th

e ce

ntra

l go

vern

men

t is

not

ver

y p

oten

t to

cre

ate

over

all i

nfra

stru

ctur

es,

this

p

lan

form

s a

real

istic

alte

rnat

ive.

Initi

ator

s: O

le M

oyst

ad, N

orw

ay a

nd L

.E.F

T N

ew Y

ork

(Pos

sib

le) p

artn

ers:

mun

icip

aliti

es o

f har

bou

r ci

ties

in L

eban

on, m

unic

ipal

ity o

f Rot

terd

am,

Nor

weg

ian

gove

rnm

ent,

Dut

ch g

over

nmen

t

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 123

Tem

por

ary

PO

D:

A ‘W

hole

’

A h

ousi

ng s

truc

ture

UN

OR

THO

DO

X W

AYS

OF

THIN

KIN

G…

DE

SIG

NIN

G…

BU

ILD

ING

…IN

HA

RE

T H

RE

IK

by

MA

UR

EE

N A

BI G

HA

NE

M

Urb

an A

naly

sis

: Har

et H

reik

The

Mis

sion

To d

esig

n a

stru

ctur

e th

at fu

nctio

ns

Per

man

ent

PO

D: i

n ‘P

arts

’

In

the

Urb

an a

nd A

rchi

tect

ural

Fab

ric,

as b

us s

top

s,

new

spap

er s

tand

s, p

ublic

sea

ting,

pla

nter

…

RE

DIS

CO

VE

R D

AH

IEH

by

YAS

MIN

E A

BB

OU

D

The

SK

8 la

ne s

houl

d b

e p

rovi

ded

in

bet

wee

n ro

ads

and

sid

ewal

ks in

ord

er to

faci

litat

e sk

atin

g ci

rcul

atio

n.

Sp

ecia

l ex

its

shou

ld

also

b

e p

rovi

ded

to

enab

le s

kate

r to

lat

ch o

n to

the

ad

jace

nt v

ehic

ular

circ

ulat

ion.

Flat

tene

d p

lots

tha

t ha

ve b

een

hit

by

mis

sile

s sh

ould

al

loca

te

spac

e fo

r a

scar

(p

ool,

half

pip

e…)

Loca

tion

of t

he s

katin

g m

omen

t sh

ould

be

at

the

estim

ated

imp

act

poi

nt o

f the

mis

sile

.S

cars

sho

uld

be

surr

ound

ed b

y a

min

imum

of

50 s

qua

re m

. and

not

mor

e th

an 1

50 s

qua

re m

. of

gre

en g

rass

.

CIT

IES

A

ND

TH

EIR

P

UB

LIC

S

PAC

ES

A

RE

R

EFL

EC

TIO

NS

OF

THE

CO

MM

UN

ITIE

S L

IVIN

G

AN

D W

OR

KIN

G IN

TH

EM

.P

OTE

NTI

AL

SIT

ES

CA

N V

AR

Y F

RO

M A

STA

IR

OR

SQ

UA

RE

TO

A B

US

PA

RK

ING

AN

D T

HE

C

OA

STA

L S

TRIP

.

This

pro

ject

will

be

add

ress

ing

the

follo

win

g is

sues

:

• O

ver

the

last

d

ecad

e,

hund

red

s of

p

ublic

b

uild

ings

and

pro

ject

s ha

ve b

een

des

igne

d a

nd

bui

lt in

Leb

anon

in a

n el

usiv

e w

ay.

• A

lmos

t no

ne

of

such

p

ublic

b

uild

ings

or

sp

aces

ha

ve

bee

n d

ecid

ed

upon

th

roug

h a

pro

cess

of n

atio

nal o

r in

tern

atio

nal c

omp

etiti

on.

• Th

e re

sult

is o

utst

and

ingl

y ch

ocki

ng s

ince

the

ob

ject

s cr

eate

d

wer

e ne

ver

iden

tifie

d

nor

acce

pte

d a

s p

art

of t

he p

ublic

rea

lm.

• It

is n

o m

ore

acce

pta

ble

to

smug

gle

and

forc

e so

ulle

ss b

uild

ings

and

the

ir re

sid

ual s

pac

es o

n ou

r b

uilt

envi

ronm

ent.

• Le

ban

ese

arch

itect

s, t

own

pla

nner

s, a

nd g

ov-

ernm

ent

are

guilt

y of

bei

ng i

nact

ive

and

sile

nt

faci

ng t

he “

lais

ser-

faire

” si

tuat

ion.

• Le

ban

on’s

P

ublic

sp

aces

w

hene

ver

they

ex

iste

d

serv

ed

as

mel

ting

pot

s of

cu

ltura

l d

iffre

nces

.

• Th

e d

iver

sity

tha

t p

eop

le a

re e

xpos

ed t

o in

th

ese

pub

lic s

pac

es is

eye

-op

enin

g an

d le

adin

g to

new

idea

s b

eyon

d e

ach

ones

insu

lar

wor

ld.

• Th

e af

term

ath

of t

he l

ates

t su

mm

er w

ar o

n Le

ban

on d

rew

att

entio

n to

the

lack

of a

deq

uate

p

ublic

sp

aces

in c

erta

in a

reas

esp

ecia

lly in

the

so

uthe

rn s

ubur

bs

of B

eiru

t.

THE

LA

UN

CH

ING

O

F IN

TER

NAT

ION

AL

DES

IGN

CO

MP

ETIT

ION

S W

ILL

CO

NTR

IBU

TE

TO T

HE

FOLL

OW

ING

:

• G

ivin

g vi

sib

ility

to

Leb

anon

• C

hang

ing

the

imag

e of

the

city

• C

reat

ing

opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r yo

ung

Leb

anes

e an

d fo

reig

n ar

chite

cts

• C

reat

ing

a m

arke

t fo

r cu

ltura

l tou

rism

• A

llow

ing

pub

lic p

artic

ipat

ion

in s

hap

ing

the

bui

lt en

viro

nmen

t

• E

nric

hing

the

qua

lity

of li

fe o

f the

Leb

anes

e

Wor

ksho

p u

nder

the

sup

ervi

sion

of B

ER

NA

RD

MA

LLAT

and

JO

UM

AN

A A

L JA

BR

I

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 124

Traf

ficsc

ape

mob

ile g

arde

nsTr

affic

scap

e M

ob

ile G

ard

ens:

is

an

exp

erim

enta

l pro

ject

tha

t w

as t

rigge

red

as

a re

actio

nary

act

to

Bei

rut’s

sp

raw

ling

traf

fic

jam

s an

d,

at t

he s

ame

time,

the

city

’s a

ckno

wl-

edge

d l

ack

of g

reen

sp

ace.

Tru

cks

cont

aini

ng

land

scap

ed g

reen

ery

trav

el o

n G

reat

er B

eiru

t’s

high

way

s in

trod

uce

a ne

w

orga

nism

to

th

e ro

ad’s

usu

al c

omp

onen

ts:

Car

s p

acke

d fr

ont

to

bac

k,

beg

gars

an

d

stre

et

vend

ors,

ch

aotic

ad

vert

isem

ent

boa

rds

(vis

ual

pol

lutio

n)

and

to

xic

gase

s (a

tmos

phe

ric p

ollu

tion)

. In

suc

h a

sett

ing,

Mob

ile G

ard

ens

tran

sgre

ss t

o fli

rt w

ith

the

spat

ial a

spec

t of

the

tra

ffic

spac

e; a

dd

ing

a se

nse

of in

timac

y an

d a

ple

asan

t fe

atur

e to

be

exp

erie

nced

, si

mp

ly p

rovi

din

g ox

ygen

in

add

i-tio

n to

the

pot

entia

l of b

eing

an

intr

igui

ng m

eans

of

tra

nsp

orta

tion.

The

non-

spac

e of

the

tra

ffic

sett

ing

star

ts t

o ac

qui

re s

pat

ial q

ualit

ies.

Tr

affic

scap

e is

an

inst

alla

tion/

pro

ject

tha

t is

not

m

eant

to

be

an e

nd p

rod

uct

but

rat

her

a co

m-

men

tary

on

a si

tuat

ion

or a

n en

zym

e to

mut

ate

the

road

sce

ne a

nd p

ush

into

gai

ning

frie

ndlie

r p

rop

ertie

s.Th

e co

ncep

t w

as e

xpan

ded

to

a ci

ty

vers

ion

whe

re c

ar r

ooft

ops

wer

e tu

rned

int

o cu

stom

ized

gar

den

s al

low

ing

car

par

ks d

ense

ly

spre

ad t

hrou

ghou

t th

e ci

ty t

o b

ecom

e vi

sual

ga

rden

s as

the

par

king

lot

turn

s fr

om e

mp

ty t

o fu

ll.

Traf

ficsc

ape

Mob

ile G

ard

ens

was

exh

ibite

d i

n th

e In

tern

atio

nal

Arc

hite

ctur

e B

ienn

ale

Rot

ter-

dam

200

3 w

here

it

was

rec

eive

d w

ith t

he w

ell

inte

nded

hum

or a

nd in

trig

ue.

The

them

e of

the

B

ienn

ale

was

Mob

ility

_Roo

m w

ith a

vie

w, w

hich

fo

cuse

s on

the

roa

d s

cap

es a

nd p

uts

its f

inge

r on

the

lack

of

atte

ntio

n to

the

qua

litie

s of

suc

h p

lace

s.

Pro

ject

By:

Fad

i Sar

ied

din

eIn

col

lab

orat

ion

with

: Jou

man

a A

l Jab

ri

Vis

itors

to

Bei

rut

risk

a t

rip

so

lely

int

o t

he

spec

tacu

lar.

Ap

art

fro

m M

arty

r S

qua

re a

nd

the

Co

rnic

he,

mos

t of

the

citi

es la

ndm

arks

are

p

lace

s an

d

bui

ldin

gs

that

re

fer

to

war

an

d

des

truc

tion.

The

Mur

r an

d

Hol

iday

Inn

tow

ers,

th

e ic

onic

Bar

akat

bui

ldin

g, th

e re

mna

nts

of th

e

Gre

en L

ine,

the

Sab

ra a

nd C

hatil

la M

emor

ial

Site

; man

y of

the

obvi

ous

ent

ries

pen

etra

te th

e ci

ty fr

om it

s m

ost

vuln

erab

le, r

aw, d

ram

atic

site

.

The

spec

tacu

lar

is t

he o

bvi

ous.

But

the

re i

s m

uch

mor

e to

the

city

. Th

is w

ebsi

te p

rop

oses

a n

umb

er o

f new

ent

ries

into

the

city

of

Bei

rut.

Pla

ces

and

sp

aces

of

ind

uctiv

e ur

ban

myt

h, s

educ

tive

mem

orie

s a

nd

pro

voki

ng

thou

ghts

. W

e w

elco

me,

fir

st-t

ime

visi

tors

and

res

iden

ts a

like,

to

dig

into

Bei

rut.

The

first

tou

r p

rese

nted

at

Voic

e-ov

er B

eiru

t is

‘C

atas

trop

hic

Sp

ace’

, a w

alk

thro

ugh

Ash

rafie

h,

Eas

tern

Bei

rut.

‘Cat

astr

ophi

c S

pac

e’ w

elco

mes

yo

u to

a s

mal

l ne

ighb

orho

od j

ust

off

Sas

sine

S

qua

re.

Wan

der

ing

thro

ugh

the

area

, To

nys

voic

e-ov

er

will

intr

oduc

e id

eas

on

the

por

ous

city

and

the

no

tion

of c

atas

trop

hic

spac

e an

d t

ime.

At t

he s

ite, a

ric

h re

fere

nce

libra

ry g

ives

con

text

to

the

tou

r (a

rt,

liter

atur

e, t

opog

rap

hy, p

hoto

g-ra

phy

).

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 125

v11_final.indd:Opmaak 1 05-04-2007 12:38 Pagina 126