VLSM (Subnetting Classfull)
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Transcript of VLSM (Subnetting Classfull)
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Notacin CIDR CIDR = Classless InterDomain Routing
IP: 10 .0.5.8MS: 255.0.0.0 (Predeterminada)
------------------------------- /8
Clase AIP CIDR 10.0.5.8 /8
IP: 172 .16.8.5MS: 255.255.255.0 (Personalizada)
--------------------------------- /24
Clase Sin ClaseIP CIDR 172.16.8.5 /24
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IP: 172 .16.240.78MS: 255.255.255.248 (Personalizada)
------------------------------------- /29
Clase Sin ClaseIP CIDR 172.16.240.78 /29
IP: 192 .168.20.7MS: 255.255.255.0 (Predeterminada)
------------------------------------- /24
Clase CIP CIDR 192.168.20.7 /24
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Subnetting:
Mtodo para poder dividir una red principal desde una perspectiva lgica
Puede ser de 2 tipos:
Subnetting Classfull Divisin lgica igual para todas las subredes
Subnetting Classless Divisin lgica diferente en cada subred segn sea necesari
Entonces para esto se requiere manejar un nuevo concepto: VLSM
VLSM Variable Length Subnetting
Mscara de Subred de Longitud Variable
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Mask
(Mscara de Subred Personalizada)
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Requerimiento: Crear 6 subredes
Existen 2 mtodos:
1) Mtodo Tradicional (m < 5)
Paso 1: Determinar el N de bits necesarios para crear las 6 subredes (m)
6 (base 10) --------> m (base 2) 128 64 32 160 0 0 0
Paso 2: Calcular la Nueva Mscara de Subred (VLSM)
M. Subred Predeterminada /16 255.255.0.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255 0
128 64 32 160 0 0 0
1 1 1
128 64 32 224
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255 224
Paso 3: Determinar las Subredes requeridas (6 ID's Subred)
Id Red Principal 172.16.0.0 Clase "B"
6 Subredes: 172 16 0 0
128 64 32 16 80 0 0 0 0
Tabla de Verdad 0 0 0 = 0
0 0 1 = 32
N Combinaciones 0 1 0 = 64
Red Principal "B" : 172.16.0.0 /16
m = 3
m = 3
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2 ^ m 0 1 1 = 96
2 ^ 3 = 8 1 0 0 = 128
1 0 1 = 160
1 1 0 = 192
1 1 1 = 224
Paso 4: N Hosts Totales x Subred (n)
172 16 0 0(8) (8) = 16 bits disponibl
128 64 32 16 8 40 0 0 0 0 0
n = 16 - m 16 - 3 =
N Host Totales x Subred = 2 ^ n = 2 ^ 13
N Hosts Disponibles x Subred = (2 ^ n) - 2 =
Paso 5: IP's Validas x SubredPrimer Host Ultimo Host
S1 172.16.32.0 172.16.32. 1 ~ 172.16.63. 254
S2 172.16.64.0 172.16.64. 1 ~ 172.16.95. 254
S3 172.16.96.0 172.16.96. 1 ~ 172.16.127. 254
S4 172.16.128.0 172.16.128. 1 ~ 172.16.159. 254
S5 172.16.160.0 172.16.160. 1 ~ 172.16.191. 254S6 172.16.192.0 172.16.192. 1 ~ 172.16.223. 254
2) Mtodo Rpido / gil (m >= 5)
2Ultima IP es broadcast (no es 255)
Primera IP no puede ser cero
m = 3 (5 bits)
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Id Red Principal 172.16.0.0 Clase "B"
6 Subredes: 172 16 0
128 64 32 16
0 0 0 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 32FI
S1 172.16. 0.0 + 32 172.16.32.0S2 172.16. 32 .0 + 32 172.16.64.0S3 172.16. 64 .0 + 32 172.16.96.0S4 172.16. 96 .0 + 32 172.16.128.0S5 172.16. 128 .0 + 32 172.16.160.0S6 172.16. 32 .0 + 32 172.16.192.0
m = 3
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8 4 2 10 1 1 0
0 (base 10)
8 4 2 10 0 0 0
0 CIDR:/19
4 2 10 0 0
S1S2 S1 172.16.32.0S3 S2 172.16.64.0
m = 3
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S4 S3 172.16.96.0S5 S4 172.16.128.0S6 S5 172.16.160.0S7 S6 172.16.192.0S8
es
2 10 0
13
= 8192 hosts
(2 13) - 2 = 8190 hosts
8190 Hosts
8190 Hosts
8190 Hosts
8190 Hosts
8190 Hosts
8190 Hosts
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0
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0
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Requerimiento: Enrutamiento RIP v2
Clase "B": 172.16. 0.0 (Id Red) Cul es el valor de "n"?
255.255.0.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 16
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la red especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 16) - 2 = 65,534 hosts
Paso 1: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 8,000 hosts
(2 n) - 2 >= 8,000
2 ^ n >= 8,002
n ~ 13
Entonces:
Paso 2: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Predeterminada /16 255.255. 0.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 320 0 0
1 1 1128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 3: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (1 Subnetting) para 8,000 hosts
Id Red Principal 172.16.0.0 Clase "B"
Red Principal "B" : 172.16.0.
m = 16 bits - 13 bits (n)
m = 3
m = 3
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N Subredes Totales = 2 ^ m =
N Subredes Disponibles = (2 ^ m) - 2 =
6 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 320 0 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 32FI
S1 172.16.0.0 + 32
S2 172.16.32.0 + 32
S3 172.16.64.0 + 32S4 172.16.96.0 + 32
S5 172.16.128.0 + 32
S6 172.16.160.0 + 32
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 ^ n) - 2
IP's Validas x Subred:
S1 172.16.32.0 /19
Paso 4: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (2 Subnetting) para 4,000 hosts
Subred elegida: 172.16.64.0 /19
Subred: 172.16.64 .0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?255.255.224.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 13
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 13) - 2 = 8,190 hosts
Subred elegida:
m = 3
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Paso 4a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 4,000 hosts
(2 n) - 2 >= 4,000
2 ^ n >= 4,002
n ~ 12
Entonces:
Paso 4b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /19 255.255. 224 .0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 321 1 1
1 1 1128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 4c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 2 Subnetting para 4,000 hosts
Id Subred 172.16.64.0
N Subredes Totales = 2 ^ m =
2 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 320 1 0
m = 13 bits - 12 bits (n)
m = 1
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FI: Factor de Incremento: 16FI
S1 172.16.64.0 + 0
S2 172.16.64.0 + 16
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 ^ n) - 2 =
IP's Validas x Subred:Primer Host
S1 172.16.64.0 /20 172.16.64. 1
Paso 5: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (3 Subnetting) para 2,000 hosts
Subred elegida: 172.16.80.0 /20
Subred: 172.16.80 .0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?255.255.240.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 12
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 12) - 2 = 4,094 hosts
Paso 5a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 2,000 hosts
(2 ^ n) - 2 >= 2,000
2 ^ n >= 2,002
n ~ 11
Entonces:
Paso 5b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /20 255.255. 240 .0
Subred elegida:
m = 12 bits - 11 bits (n)
m = 1
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M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 321 1 1
1 1 1128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 5c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 3 Subnetting para 2,000 hosts
Id Subred 172.16.80.0
N Subredes Totales = 2 ^ m =
2 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 320 1 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 8FI
S1 172.16.80.0 + 0
S2 172.16.80.0 + 8
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 ^ n) - 2 =
IP's Validas x Subred:Primer Host
S1 172.16.80.0 /21 172.16.80. 1
Subred elegida:
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Paso 6: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (4 Subnetting) para 2 hosts
Subred: 172.16.88.0 /21
Subred: 172.16.88 .0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?255.255.248.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 11
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 11) - 2 = 2,046 hosts
Paso 6a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 2 hosts
(2 n) - 2 >= 2
2 ^ n >= 4
n ~ 2
Entonces:
Paso 6b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /21 255.255.248.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 321 1 1
1 1 1128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 6c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 4 Subnetting para 2 hosts
Id Subred 172.16.88.0
m = 11 bits - 2 bits (n)
m = 9 bits
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N Subredes Totales = 2 ^ m =
N Subredes Disponibles = (2 ^ m) - 2 =
510 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 32 160 1 0 1
0 1 0 1128 64 32 16
Factor de Incremento: 4 (Cuarto Octeto)
S1 172.16.88.0S2 172.16.88.0S3 172.16.88.4S4 172.16.88.8S5 172.16.88.12
S512
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 ^ n) - 2
IP's Validas x Subred:
S1 172.16.88.4 /30
S2 172.16.88.8 /30
S3 172.16.88.12 /30
Sub
( Tercer
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(n = N bits del Id Host)
0 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 0
224
224 0 CIDR:/19
/16
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2 ^ 3 = 8 subredes
(2 ^ 3) - 2 = 6 subredes
0 0
16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 0
172.16.32.0
172.16.64.0
172.16.96.0172.16.128.0
172.16.160.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.32.0
= (2 ^ 13) - 2 = 8,190 hosts
Primer Host Ultimo Host
172.16.32. 1 ~ 172.16.63. 254 8190 Hosts
(n = N bits del Id Host)
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224 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 0
m = 11
16 240
240 0 CIDR:/20
2 ^ 1 = 2 subredes
64 0
16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 01
m = 1
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172.16.64.0 /20
/20
172.16.64.0 /20
(2 12) - 2 = 4,094 hosts
Ultimo Host
~ 172.16.79. 254 4094 Hosts
(n = N bits del Id Host)
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240 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 11 0 0 0 0
m = 1
1 116 8 248
248 0 CIDR:/21
2 ^ 1 = 2 subredes
80 0
16 8 4 2 11 0 0 0 0
1m = 1
172.16.80.0 /21
172.16.88.0 /21
172.16.80.0 /21
(2 11) - 2 = 2,046 hosts
Ultimo Host
~ 172.16.87. 254 2046 Hosts
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(n = N bits del Id Host)
248 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 1 128 641 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 255 1 116 8 4 2 1 128 64
255 252 CIDR:/30
( Tercer Octeto)
m = 9
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2 ^ 9 = 512 subredes
(2 9) - 2 = 510 subredes
88 0
8 4 2 1 128 64 321 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 08 4 2 1 128 64 32
FI
+ 0 172.16.88.0 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.4 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.8 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.12 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.16 /30
+ 4 /30
172.16.88.4 /30172.16.88.8 /30172.16.88.12 /30
= (2 ^ 2) - 2 = 2 hosts
Primer Host Ultimo Host
172.16.88. 5 ~ 172.16.88. 6 2 Hosts
172.16.88. 9 ~ 172.16.88. 10 2 Hosts
172.16.88. 13 ~ 172.16.88. 14 2 Hosts
edes elegidas:
Octeto)
m = 9
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32 16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 25232 16 8 4
( Cuarto Octeto)
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16 8 4 2 10 0 0 0 0
0 0 016 8 4
( Cuarto Octeto)