Vitamins 1d
-
Upload
harel-lelis -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of Vitamins 1d
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 1/41
General Characteristics and Classification
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS WATER – SOLUBLEVITAMINSVitamin A, D, E, K Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C) &
B – complexes
Soluble in fats and fat solvent Soluble in water
Intake in excess of dietary needsare stored in the liver Intake in excess of body needs
are excretedDeficiencies are slow to develop Deficiency signs often developeasily/rapidlyNot absolutely necessary in dieteveryday Must be supplied everyday in
the dietHave precursors Excreted by way of urine
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 2/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 3/41
Fat- soluble vitamins are the vitamins
that can be dissolved by fats. These vitamins are; vitamin A , vitamin D , vitamin E and vitamin K . These
vitamins need a fat-soluble medium tokeep them in solution and to facilitatereactions, whether in the food or in the
body.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 4/41
The main function of these fat-solublevitamins is regulating the body processes.The other functions are energy giving,building and repairing any tissues that havebeen damage. Fat- soluble vitamins areneeded to have a good night vision, neededto have strong bones and skeletal systemand needed by the nervous and reproductivesystem to have a stable cell membrane.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 5/41
The most common food sources of these vitamins are in animal sourcesare the liver, egg yolk, milk, fortified
margarine, cheese and glandularorgans, while in Plant sources aresoybean oil, germ oils, legumes,malunggay and kang kong, the goodsources of these vitamins can be found
in animal origin.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 6/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 7/41
*Animal Sources-Liver, Egg yolk, Milk, and Cream
-Fortified Margarine/Skim Milk fortified with vitamin A.
*Plant Sources-Malunggay, Kang Kong, Peaches and others.
-The deeper the yellow and the darker the green;
more vitamin A is present .
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 8/41
-Maintains the integrity of epithelial tissues, especially mucus lining.-Needed for normal night vision.-Needed for normal bone and
skeletal growth.-Needed by nervous andreproductive system for stability
of cell membrane .
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 9/41
-Toad’s skin. -Dry and rough skin.-Eruptions around the hairfollicles.
-Usually it is site in thighs,abdomen, upper arms and
back.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 10/41
start
finish
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 11/41
-Violent head ache, nausea andvomiting.-Thickening of skin with peeling off.-Painful long bones.-Coarse.-Sparse hair.-Enlargement of spleen and liver.-In young girls, cessation of menstruation.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 12/41
-Cornea is affected early.-Lachrymal gland fails to function.-Keratinizations.-Pus develops.-Eye hemorrhages.-Bitot’s spot, symptoms mild form. -Opthalmia, symptoms severe form.-Some cases, total blindness result.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 13/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 14/41
*Animal Sources-Fortified margarine, butter, milk andcheese; liver and other glandularorgans; sardines and salmon; eggyolk.-Fish liver oils.
*Plant Sources-No significant compare to animalsources.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 15/41
-Promotes normal bone andteeth development.
-Facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphorous.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 16/41
-Low blood calcium levels.-Reduced resorption ofphosphate and amino acid inthe kidney.-Increased enzyme alkaline
phosphate in blood.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 17/41
-Abnormal muscle twitching, crampsand sharp biteral spasm of joins inthe wrists and ankles.-Defected bones.
-Retarded growth.-In infant dentition and closing of thefontanelles are delayed.-pelvic joints are enlarged.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 18/41
-Skeletaldeformities.
-Fragility of bones-Rheumatic-like pains of joints.
-Adult rickets.
-Nausea,
polyuria.-Weight loss.
-Renaldamage.-Uremia.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 19/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 20/41
*Animal Sources-Fair sources of animal origin are egg
yolk, liver, butter and milk.*Plant sources-Significant amount of germs oils of
wheat, corn, cottonseed or soybean,and products from these oils such asmargarine, mayonnaise and salad
dressings.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 21/41
-Prevent of hemolysis
(hemolytic anemia ).-Antioxidant.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 22/41
Hypervitaminosis E
-Has not been reported largelybecause the nutrient could not bestored a large extent in the body.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 23/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 24/41
*Animal Sources-Egg yolk, liver.
*Plant Sources-Dark green leaves, wheat bran,vegetable oils, especially soybeanoil, tomatoes, tubers, seeds,legumes and germ oil are
excellent food source.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 25/41
-Maintenance of prothrombin
level in blood plasma.-Needed in phosphorylation-Essential for cellularrespiration.-Help synthesize of
osteocalcin.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 26/41
-Delayed blood clotting.-Intestinal and liver disorders.-Obstruction of the bile duct and theuse of antivitamins.-Vomiting, hemlysis, andalbuminuria.
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 27/41
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 28/41
• VITAMIN B COMPLEX•
B1 – THIAMIN• B2 – RIBOFLAVIN• B3 – NIACIN• B6 – PYRIDOXINE• B12 – COBALAMIN
• VITAMIN C ASCORBIC ACID
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 29/41
VITAMIN B1THIAMIN
• IT HELPS MAINTAIN GOOD APETITE• HELP MUSCLE TONUS ESP. OF THE G I
TRACT•
NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVE• DEFFICIENCY• Occurs where rice is the only staple• Dry beriberi
– Weakness, nerve degeneration, irritability, poorarm/leg coordination, loss of nerve transmission
• Wet beriberi – Edema, enlarge heart, heart failure
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 30/41
• Wide variety of food• White bread, pork, hot dogs, luncheon
meat, cold cereal• Enriched grains/ whole grains• Thiaminase found in raw fish
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 31/41
B2 RIBOFLAVIN• Essential for fat, protein carbohydrate
metabolism• It help maIntain healthy skin. Tongue
and mouth .Normal vision and properhealth
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 32/41
B2 RIBOFLAVIN
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 33/41
B2 RIBOFLAVIN• SOURCE• CHEESE, MILK, EGG LIVER AND OTHER
GLANDULAR ORGANS
B3 NIACIN• Pellagra
– 3 Ds – Occurs in 50-60 days – Decrease appetite & weight
• Prevented with an adequate protein diet
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 34/41
B3 NIACIN• Meat• Milk•
Mushroom• Liver• Peanut•
Adequate Intake = 5 mg/day
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 35/41
B6 PYRIDOXINE• IT IS INVOLVE IN AMINO ACID
METABOLISM• DEFFICIENCY• IRRITABLE, POOR GROWTH AND
CONVULSION
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 36/41
B6 PYRIDOXINE• Meat, fish, poultry • Whole grains (not enriched back)•
Banana• Spinach• Avocado• Potato• Heat and alkaline sensitive
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 37/41
B12 COBALAMIN• IT HELPS IN THE SYNTHESI OF
HEME• ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL
FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVESBONE MARROW AND G I TRACT
• PROMOTES NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 38/41
B12 COBALAMIN• DEFFICIENCY • PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
• SOURCES• ANIMAL PROTEIN
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 39/41
FOLIC ACID
Folic acid or folacin, is needed tosupport the increasing maternal
blood volume and to decrease the
risk of baby Neural Tube Defects(NTDThe need for folic acid is essential tothe formation of red blood cells.
• Insufficient intake may result inanemia during
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 40/41
FOLIC ACID
8/3/2019 Vitamins 1d
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vitamins-1d 41/41
• FOOD SOURCES:
• oranges• dark green leafy vegetables
(examples:asparagus, broccoli, spinach)
• fortified breads & cereals• grains, yeast and enriched flour,•
Liver• dried beans and peas,• strawberries