Virtualization: where it came from and where it's going
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Virtualization: where it came from and where it’s going
Kyle Smith
Sr. Member of Technical Staff
VMware, Inc.
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Who am I?
! " Working on cloud computing at VMware (vCloud)
! " Previously at IBM working with Linux on the mainframe
! " Introduced to virtualization by folks at Clarkson University in 2003
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
! " How it came about
! " The early days
! " The transition from mainframe to commodity
! " Competition in the commodity space
! " The state of virtualization today
! " The future
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Motivation for virtualization
! " On the mainframe, it originated in time-sharing
! " Computers too expensive for many to own
! " Turned out to be better to give people a whole virtual S/360 than to run multiple copies of the app
! " On commodity systems, consolidation was the driving force
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Early work from IBM
! " S/360 didn’t support time sharing
! " IBM wanted to win business from MIT
! " Proposal rejected, CSC began working on an OS that would allow S/360 to TS
! " Result was the control program (CP)
! " Up to 14 VMs, 256K of memory each
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
CP/CMS and S/370
! " CP/CMS ended in 1972
! " IBM introduced VM/370 for the new hardware family
! " Virtual storage introduced
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fast forward to the 1990s
! " Client/server is the architecture du jour
! " 1 app per server
! " Virtualized hardware available, but $$$
! " Disco: commodity OSes on scalable multiprocessors
! " Namely, IRIX
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disruptive change
! " As with most ideas from academia in the late 1990s...
! " N faculty members + M students + venture capital = $$$
! " And VMware was born
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Old model: traditional x86 architecture
>"Operating system and hardware tightly coupled
>"Applications often interfere with each other
>"Expensive resources are underutilized
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
“New” model: virtual machines
>"Separate OS and hardware – break hardware dependencies
>"Manage OS and application as single unit by encapsulating them in VMs
>"Strong fault and security isolation
>"Standard, hardware independent environments can be provisioned anywhere
>"Flexibility to choose the right OS for the right application
>"Different from emulation. Instructions mostly executed by physical hardware.
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Competition heats up
2003: Xen
2005: Parallels, Solaris containers
2005/2006: Intel and AMD add VT extensions
2007: KVM, Sun logical domains
2008: Microsoft Hyper-V
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Platform Focus Infrastructure Abstraction
High Availability Dynamic
Resource
Scheduling vShield Zones
vNetwork Distributed
Switch Storage vMotion
From solution to platform
Key Benefit = Consolidation
Early Generation Focus Multiple Apps per Machine
Key Benefit =
Dynamic, Flexible Infrastructure
vMotion
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wild claim?
! " All the good ideas for virtualization up until 2003 came from the mainframe
! " The good ideas since then have come from VMware
! " (Xen had some too)
! " Without VMware driving the state of the art, the mainframe probably would be dead today
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! " The problem: A rare timing dependent bug
! " Race conditions, deadlocks, etc.
! " Could occur only 1 in 1000 times
! " Exceedingly painful to debug
! " Test test test…crash – debug a little
! " Test test test…crash – debug a little
! " Solution: Replay execution with the exact same timings each time. But how?
Record and replay
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Storage I/O
! " Latency depends on caching, disk positioning
Network I/O
! " Timing dependent on other machines, traffic
! " Other machines may not be present during replay, won’t be in same state as before
User I/O
! " Keyboard, Mouse, etc depends on humans
Non-determinism
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Recording
VMware is the hardware
! " Hypervisor can record any external events
! " Complete control over when events are visible to the guest OS & applications
All events happen on instruction boundaries
! " Log events with instruction counter value
! " Well, not really, but close.
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Application - debugging
Debugging
! " Reproducible bugs
! " Mobile bugs
! " Zip up the statelog and snapshot state, mail your bug to the developers
! " Reverse execution debugging
! " Revert to snapshot, play forward to desired point
! " Gives illusion of (slow) reverse execution
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Applications – continuous availability
Goal: Seamless failover
Primary machine
! " Records a state log of its execution
! " Sends each entry to the secondary machine
Secondary machine
! " Replays primary’s state log in real time
! " If primary fails, simply “go live”
! " Secondary has become the primary
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Applications – continuous availability
Goal: Seamless failover
Primary machine
! " Records a state log of its execution
! " Sends each entry to the secondary machine
Secondary machine
! " Replays primary’s state log in real time
! " If primary fails, simply “go live”
! " Secondary has become the primary
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Where it’s going
! " Appliances/vApps
! " Mobile virtualization
! " Virtual desktops
! " Cloud computing
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Appliances/vApps
! " Based on Open Virtualization Format
! " A DMTF standard
! " Self-contained application
! " Disks + metadata
! " N-tier apps in a single package
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Attach policies
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Security
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mobile virtualization
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Virtual desktop infrastructure
Common Thread: solutions targeted at enabling centralized management and control of data, image and applications
Multiple alternative computing options emerging:
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why server-based desktop virtualization?
! " The need for “access anywhere” with increasing
numbers of remote workers and offshoring.
! " The promise of operating cost reductions
! " Longer hardware cycles
! " Fewer client-side visits
! " Increased uptime
! " Centralized management = control
! " Centralized data = security
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
VDI architecture
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VDI architecture (2)
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
The shift
Mainframe
+ Centralized mgmt
+ Secure
- Limited access
- Inflexible
- Costly
+ Distributed CPU utilization
+ Added flexibility
- Complex / costly to deploy & manage
- Not secure
- Not efficient
Client/Server + Simple to deploy
and manage
+ Broader access
+ Scale
- Limited flexibility
- Limited efficiency
- Not secure
Web + Frictionless deployment
+ Simplified mgmt thru abstraction
+ On-demand scale
+ Unparalleled flexibility
+ Secure
+ Highly efficient
“Cloud”
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Acknowledgements
! " Julia Austin
! " Steve Herrod
! " Carl Waldspurger
! " Eric Newcomer
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
vCloud API coffee talk
Tomorrow, 9/16 at noon
http://vmware.com/go/vcloudapi
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Q&A
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Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Kyle Smith and VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.
Further questions?
Send email to [email protected]