Virtual Flow Metering principle Metering Maintenance and ...€¦ · 2 Virtual flow metering vs...

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Virtual FlowMetering

Characterizing virtual flow metering

Metering principle

Maintenance and tuning

Applications areas

1



Metering principle


Applications areas

2

Virtual flow metering vs «physical metering»

Single phase flow metering Multiphase flow metering

DP

0.4 m

𝑄 = 𝑓(𝐷𝑃)

Compact Compact

𝑄

DP

P/T

x

x

2.0 m

𝑄 = 𝑓(𝐷𝑃, 𝑃, 𝑇, 𝑥𝑖)

𝑄

Virtual flow metering

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m

𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)

Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

3

Virtual flow metering – key characteristics

• Distributed instrumentation

• Dependent on instrument and system sensitivity to

changes in flow and phase fractions

• Solution range; pure data driven, thermo-hydraulic

modelling, or hybrids

• Not boxable, therefore «Factory calibration» not

possible

• Dependent on tuning/calibration to extend «calibrated

range» and adapt to changing operating conditions

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

4



Metering principle


Applications areas

5

Virtual flow metering – Pressure drop in well

𝑃1 − 𝑃2

Increasing pressure drop

(hydrostatic) from gas-liquid

slip at low flow velocity

Increasing pressure drop from

higher flow velocity / frictional

pressure drop

Figure reference:

M. Banowski, Prof. U. Hampel, E. Krepper, M. Beyer, D. Lucas (2018).

𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

6

Virtual flow metering – Temperature drop in well

𝑇1 − 𝑇2


Long temperature transients

in wells due to formation

warm-up

Steady state

Start-upP/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

7

Virtual flow metering – Pressure drop over choke

𝑃2 − 𝑃3

Critical/choked flow:

Flow velocity = velocity of sound


P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

8

Virtual flow metering – Estimating phase fractions

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

9



Metering principle


Applications areas

10

Virtual flow metering – Well testing

𝑄 liquid

Test alternatives:A. Test separator test

B. Deduction test

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

11

Virtual flow metering - Tuning pressure drop in well

𝑃1 − 𝑃2


P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

12

Virtual flow metering - Tuning temperature drop in well

𝑇1 − 𝑇2


P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

13

Virtual flow metering - Tuning pressure drop over choke

𝑃2 − 𝑃3


Choke Cv curve:

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

14

Virtual flow metering – Uncertainty drivers

• Installed instrument uncertainty vs measured value

• Fluid properties / PVT description

• Quality of test / reference data

• Instrument sensitivity to changes in flow and phase

fractions

• Outdated assumptions, e.g. WC or GOR

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

15



Metering principle


Applications areas

16

Virtual flow metering – Main application areas

A. Establish flow rates without dedicated physical

flow meters

B. Provide back-up for physical flow meters

P/T

P/T P/T

1 0

00

-3

00

0 m

5.0 m


Distributed

𝑄

Choke

Pos.

1

2 3

17


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