Vindhya institute of technology & science

ecosystem

Delivered by –Aarti Katariya BE {CS 1} (1 SEM)

What is an ECOSYSTEM ?

ECOSYSTEM – It is a biological environment consists of all the organism living in a particular area as well as the non living physical component of the environment with which organism interact such as AIR,SOIL,WATER,SUNLIGHT etc.

The term “Ecosystem” was first proposed by A.G Tansley in 1935.

Types of ecosystem

Natural Artificial

Terrestrial

AquaticAquarium

Crop landGarden

ParkMarinewater

Freshwater

Desert

ForestGrass land

Lentic

Lotic

Sea

Ocean

Types of Ecosystem

Natural ecosystem

Artificial ecosystem

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Aquatic Ecosystem

Fresh water

Marine water

NATURAL ECOSYSTEM – Natural ecosystems operate by themselves under natural conditions without any interference by man.Natural ecosystems carry out many public service functions for us. Waste water from houses & industries is often converted to drinkable water by filteration through natural ecosystems such as soils.

Air pollutions from industries and automobiles are often trapped on leaves or converted to harmless compounds by forests.On the basis of particular type of habitat,they are further sub-divided as:

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Aquatic Ecosystem

TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM – They are often defined by the vegetation types that dominate the community. Terrestrial vegetation has a rapid exchange of oxygen,water and carbon dioxide. Terrestrial ecosystems include tropical rain forests,grasslands, deserts,cultivated lands, etc.

Tropical Rain Forest • Precipitation - 250cm/year

•Little temp. variation/abundant moisture •Contains more species than other biomes.

Deserts Precipitation 20cm/year Dry, spare vegetation; scattered grasses Parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, North America

Grasslands Precipitation: 10-60cm/year Rich soil; tall dense grasses Central North America; Central Asia

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM – They fall into two categories.

1. Fresh water ecosystem – It may be

“LOTIC” (running - water).i.e. – Streams,rivers & springs. OR

“LENTIC”i.e. – Lakes,ponds and swamps.

Freshwater ecosystem

Marine ecosystem - It may include deep sea and oceans.

Artificial ecosystem – They are maintained artificially by man.A pond constructed as part of a waste water treatment plant is an example of artificial ecosystem.In artificial ecosystems, the management can vary over a wide range of actions.Agriculture can be thought of as partial management of certain kinds of ecosystem.

Example of artificial ecosystem- Aquarium Crop land Garden park

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Any Question ???

ECO PLACE

Sikkim

Kodaikanal

Goa

Kerala

Himalayas

ECO PARKS

Bandhavgarh national park

Kanha national park

Periyar national park

Corbett national park

Flora & Funna

AnimalsMammalsBirds

FloraTreesFlowers

ECO FLORA

Trees

Banyan tree

Peepal tree

Neem tree

ECO ANIMALS ECO WONDERS

Royal Bengal Tiger

Indian Lion

Indian Rhino

Neelgai Indian deer

Backwaters

Beaches

Caves

Deserts

Structure of ecosystem - Every ecosystem has two major components.i.e. Abiotic and biotic ABIOTIC COMPONENT- It is the non-living component of the ecosystem and includes:Physical climatic factors such as soil ,temperature,light and water;and

Chemical factors constituting the inorganic and organic substances.The inorganic substances include C,H,N,K,P,S,etc.that are involved in mineral cycles and are present in an ecosystem at any given time.The organic substances include carbohydrates ,lipids, proteins and humus ,and are present in the biomass or in the environment.

Biotic component -

It includes all the living organism.1. Producers2.Consumers

Primary consumers or herbivores

Secondary consumers or carnivorous

3. Decomposers