VIII. CANCER = Uncontrolled Cell Division. Celebs with Cancer.
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Transcript of VIII. CANCER = Uncontrolled Cell Division. Celebs with Cancer.
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VIII. CANCER = Uncontrolled Cell Division
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Celebs with Cancer
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B. Contact Inhibition- Normal cells will reproduce until they contact other cells.
- When this happens, they stop growing.
- Controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
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C. Cell Cycle Regulators
–Cell cycle regulated by cyclin» The amount rises and falls in
time w/ the cell cycle
–Cyclin: because it regulates cell cycle» Regulate the timing of cell
cycle in eukaryotic cells
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Cyclins were discovered during a similar experiment to this one.
A sample of cytoplasmis removed from a cellin mitosis.
As result, the secondcell enters mitosis.
The sample is injectedinto a second cell inG2 of interphase.
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D. Uncontrolled Cell Growth
Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth.
How are cancer cells different
from other cells?
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Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
i. Divide uncontrollablyii. Form masses of cells called tumors Metastasis: tumor cells break loose and
spread in body
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The cells attract new blood vessel growth, this is called angiogenesis.
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Tumor Types:
a. Malignant: some tumor cells are capable of escaping to a new part of the body – (metastasis).
B. Benign: tumor cells remain at original site. The cells lack the ability to spread. Can be removed surgically or killed by radiation
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Biopsy:way to diagnose cancer by surgically removing piece of tissue and examining it
Staging:Describes the severity of a person’s cancer Aids in planning the treatment
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E. Causes of Cancer:
• Genetics (~10% cause, cancer.gov)• Chemicals- asbestos, cigarettes, formaldehyde, dioxins, chlorine, pesticides• Radiation• Certain viruses (HPV) (Peyton Rous)• Poor Diet/ Obesity• Non- genetic causes are called carcinogens.
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H. Mutations typically happen in two types of genes
1. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that regulate cell growth Oncogenes are mutated
proto-oncogenes Ex : RAS
Stimulate cell division, inhibit differentiation, halt cell death(oncogenes increase production of proteins that do these things)
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2. Tumor suppressor genes genes that stop the cell cycle or promote apoptosis
ex. p53 gene
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F. Prevention of Cancer
Genetic screening BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 Avoid chemicals especially if they are classified as carcinogenic (cancer causing) Do not smoke, drink too much, proper diet, exercise, prevent sunburns, proper health screenings, organic foods
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