272

Early Vietnam

272

The U.S. sent military advisors to Vietnam in

1955

275McCarthyism

274

KOREA

273Cold War

273Following World War II the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers. The two

unions of states faced off in an arms race that

lasted nearly 50 years.

274A nation in eastern Asia divided between North

and South and separated since 1953 by a

demilitarized zone [ 38TH parallel] policed

by U.S. and North Korean troops. Led by the Kim Family; hostile towards the west; friends with China. Communist

Dictatorship

275The fear of communism increased throughout the

1950’s as Americans

277

Dwight D. Eisenhower

276George Marshall

(1880-1959)

275McCarthyism

275The fear of communism increased throughout the

1950’s as Americans

276He organized the CCC of the New Deal and

implemented the Marshall Plan after World War II for the economic recovery of Europe. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for his post-war

efforts.

277 He served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during WWII and as the 34th President of the

279

Cuban Missile Crisis

278 Truman Doctrine

277

Dwight D. Eisenhower

277 He served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during WWII and as the 34th President of the

278To support democratic countries fighting or resisting communism

with money or military equipment. To use

containment to stop communism from

spreading.

279

Soviets started building missile sites in Cuba, in

279

Cuban Missile Crisis

279

Soviets started building missile sites in Cuba, in

280

HUAC

280

Formed in 1938 to investigate subversive organizations such as

labor unions and the film industry. Tried unsuccessful to charge Hollywood actors with contempt of congress but this

forced heads of studios to create a blacklist

282

Iron Curtain

281

Venona Project

281

a counter-intelligence program initiated by the United States Army

Signal Intelligence Service (a forerunner of the National Security Agency) that lasted from 1943 to 1980.The program attempted to decrypt messages sent by Soviet

Union intelligence agencies, including its foreign intelligence service and military intelligence

services

282A fictional term to

describe or symbolize a growing barrier

between eastern and western Europe. It was first termed by

Winston Churchhill

283Domino Theory

283The belief that if Vietnam fell to communism its

neighboring countries would also fall.

284

Rock and Roll

285

Containment

284A popular style of

music started in the 1950’s with roots in

rhythm-and-blues, jazz, country and folk music.

Early musicians included Elvis Presley. Chuck Berry, Buddy

Holly and Little Richard.

285A political strategy not a military one to restrict the spread of communism. It was to keep communism

where it is at. First termed by George Kennan

286

NATO

287

Potsdam Conference

286

North Atlantic Treaty Organization a group composed of military alliances of Western

European countries along with the U.S. and

Canada to provide collective security. “All for one and one for All”

287

A meeting of the allied leaders were they

finalized the postwar plans for Germany by dividing Berlin into occupation zones

288

The Marshall Plan

289

Berlin Airlift

288

A recovery plan for European nations by

offering funds as long as the money was spent on

American goods. It promoted democracy and

opposed the spread of communism

289The Soviet Union angry about the new Federal Republic of Germany blockaded all travel in and out of Berlin. The

U.S. responded by airlifting 2.5 million ton

of supplies for the next 10 months. The soviets

eventually called off the blockade

290

Warsaw Pact

291

Mao Zedong

290A group composed of military alliances of Eastern European

countries led by the Soviet Union. A

response to NATO

291

Leader of communist China who defeated the nationalists led by

Chiang Kai-shek. The defeated Nationalists fled to Formosa and renamed it Taiwan. This forced the U.S. to search or an ally in

Asia

93

292Brinkmanship

293

MAD

93

292A foreign policy that is a willingness to go to the edge or brink

of war

293

“Mutual Assured Destruction” the

invention of the H-Bomb fueled a deadly arms race. This policy

meant either side would respond to a nuclear attack by

launching its missiles.

95 294

Rosenburg Trial

295

The Berlin Wall

95One of the nation’s Founding

294 Husband and wife Ethel and Julius Rosenburg

were charged with passing atomic secrets to the Soviets. They were sentenced to death amid

protests of their innocence

295

A concrete wall that the communist East German government erected in 1961 to cut off West Berlin from the rest of East Germany. It stood until 1989

97

296Satellite Nation

297

Fair Deal

97

296A country that is

under the control and influence of a more

powerful Nation

297

A package of reforms by President Truman

that increased the minimum wage,

increased spending on education and enacted a nat’l health insurance

program.

298

Taft-Hartley Act

299

Real Income

298

The law placed many limits on the power

of unions. It outlawed “Closed

Shops” and banned “sympathy strikes”

299Is income measured by

the amount of goods and services it will buy regardless of inflation

300

Planned Obsolescence

301

Cost of Living Index

300A method to encourage

consumption, it’s a way to create the

desire to own something a little newer, better and

sooner than necessary

301

It measure the differences in the price of goods and

services over time

93

302Franchise

303

White Collar /Blue Collar

93

302Is an agreement to operate a business

that carries a company’s name and

sell its products.

303

White Collar = include professionals such as doctors. Lawyers and managersBlue Collar = include factory workers, skilled workers and laborers

95

304Baby Boom

305Levittown

95One of the nation’s Founding

304A large increase in the

number of babies born in proportion to the size of

the population. It happened in the 1950s

due to the large number of marriages after WW2

305The 1st planned

community in the U.S. they were small, boxy and almost identical

homes and 36 could be built in one day

97

306Sunbelt

307Interstate

Highway System

97

306The belt of warm weather states that stretched from

Florida to California. After WW2 factories started

moving into the sunbelt due to labor costs and unions

were less entrenched.

307

Authorized by Congress in 1956. The

goal was to connect major cities around the country by a network of super highways. It was also to serve as a evacuation route in

case of nuclear attack

308Polio Vaccine

309Life Expectancy

308Developed by Dr. Jonas Salk it was made up of very small parts of the polio virus. It was

deemed 90% effective

309The average span of life determined by gender and race.

310Suburbia

311 Beatniks

310A term used to describe the nations suburbs and the people who live there. Their creation was made possible by the automobile and the interstate highway system.

311

Members of a movement of writers and poets who rejected all forms of

convention or conformity. They listened to Jazz, smoked marijuana, practiced Eastern religions and wore

berets

312End Unit 9

Jackson Pollock

312An Abstract Expressionism

artist whose work was an expression against conformity

and convention especially in the Art field. He said his source of paintings is the unconscious.