34th Series

1

STUDENT PROJECT PROGRAMME

(ENGINEERING SCIENCES)

TECHNICAL RECORD OF

34th Series : 2010 - 11

Released on the occasion of

SEMINAR AND EXHIBITION OF SELECTED PROJECTS

at

PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

on 19th and 20th August, 2011

Organised jointly

by KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, BANGALORE - 560 012

and

PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

SHIMOGA

34th Series : SPP : KSCST : 2010-11 2

34th Series of Student Project Programme - Technical Record: 2010-11 - A book on summery of Student Projects selected for Seminar and Exhibition for the year 2010 - 2011. Published by Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012.

Size : Demy 1/4 Pages : 240

Compiled and Edited by: Dr. S. G. Sreekanteswara Swamy

Fellow and Principal Investigator – SPP

K. N. Venkatesh

Project Assistant, KSCST

© KSCST

No. of Copies: 750

Published by: Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012 Telephone : 080 - 23341652, 23348848, 23348849

Telefax : 080 - 23348840 E-mail : [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Website: www.kscst.iisc.ernet.in/spp.html www.kscst.org.in/spp.html

Supported by: Department of Science and Technology, Government of India

and Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka

Printed by: M/s. Ravi Graphics, Rajajinagar, Bangalore - 10


CONTENTS

FOREWORD 13 ABOUT KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 14 PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT - A BRIEF OVERVIEW 16 PROGRAMME OF 34TH SERIES : 2010-11 ON 19TH AND 20TH AUGUST 2011 18

SEMINAR PROJECTS

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.

TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE PAGE NO.

1. 34S0051 STUDY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PAEUDOMONAS AND BACILLUS SPECIES FOR THE ISOLATION OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES

- BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BELLARY

34

2. 34S0005 PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM BEETROOTS - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

34

3. 34S0241 SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF AGRO-WASTE FOR INDUSTRIAL LIPASE PRODUCTION

- BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT

36

4. 34S0036 COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF CELLULASE FROM A NOVEL MICROORGANISM - BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI

36

5. 34S0015 CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN TAGGED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR HYPERTHERMIA

- MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

37

6. 34S0155 REDUCTION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN OIL USING SOLID CATALYSTS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

- NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

41

7. 34S0934 AN ALTERNATIVE, INEXPENSIVE STRATEGY FOR BETTER QUALITY YIELD OF SILK USING PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS

- PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

42

8. 34S0131 ENCHANCEMENT OF DIOSGENIN FROM STEROIDAL SAPOGENIN IN DISCOREA HISPIDA DENNST BY TRICHODERMA SPS THROUGH BIOTRANSFORMATION

- SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

43

9. 34S0132 EVALUATION OF TRIBAL MEDICINE AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF GLYCOSMIS MAURITIANA (LAM) TANAKA FOR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AGAINST PC-3 CELL LINES


45

10. 34S0339 METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR AS BIO-DRUG FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

- SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR 47

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


11. 34S0605 STUDIES ON USAGE OF ION EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR RECOVERY OF COPPER FROM WIRE DRAWING INDUSTRY EFFLUENT AND REDUCTION OF IRON CONCENTRATION IN BRONZE BATH

- BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

48


12. 34S0028 CHEMICAL PURIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN THE PREPARATION OF NANO SHIELD

- DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

49

13. 34S0143 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MODERN ASSISTED METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMICAL REACTION, MASS TRANSFER OPERATION TO HAVE BETTER GREEN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

- KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

50

14. 34S0338 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM WASTE PRODUCT ON CONCRETE - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

52

15. 34S0035 BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF GROUND WATER USING SAW DUST AS CARBON SOURCE - MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

53

16. 34S0944 PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC MATERIAL - SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

53

17. 34S0920 EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM ORANGE PEELS BY ACID HYDROLYSIS AND THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING METHOD

- SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

54

CIVIL ENGINEERING

18. 34S0621 MAPPING OF DO ALONG VRISHABHAVATHI RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS - BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

55

19. 34S1007 SOME STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE - BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

56

20. 34S0961 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY FROM FOOD WASTE - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

57

21. 34S0962 EFECT OF PRISM HEIGHT ON MASONARY STRENGH - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

57

22. 34S0968 A STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF USED GREEN SAND AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT CONCRETE


59

23. 34S0230 CHARACTERISATION OF POND ASH FROM RTPS AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS PROPERTIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE WHEN USED AS FINE AGGREGATE

- GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

60

24. 34S0629 EFFECT ON HIGH RISE STRUCTURE DUE TO ADJACENT VERTICAL OPENING - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

61

25. 34S0844 MANEGEMENT OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN BELGAUM DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

62

26. 34S0917 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF FLOW THROUGH BOX CULVERT AS CANAL OUTLET - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

64

27. 34S1000 STUDY OF THE STATUS OF DRINKING WATER IN DODDERI GRAM PANCHAYAT OF CHALLEKERE TALUK, CHITRADURGA DISTRICT USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

- SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

65

28. 34S0564 STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL BY USING BRIQUETTE ASH MADE OF BLENDED GROUNDNUT SHELL HUSK, COFFEE HUSK & RICE HUSK

- SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

68

29. 34S0842 FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON TREAMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL LEACHATE USING DUAL MEDIA UP FLOW REACTORS

- VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

69

30. 34S0875 ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF LATERITE ARCHES IN FOUNDATIONS


71


COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


31. 34S0806 ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION - KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY, UDYAMBAG, BELGAUM

72

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

32. 34S0446 STUDY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AIT CAMPUS BY ENERGY AUDIT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RETROFITS

- ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR

73

33. 34S0380 MINIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSS IN DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS BY ENERGY AUDIT AND CONSERVATIVE MEASURES - A CASE STUDY

- HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM

75

34. 34S0646 DIGITAL PWM CONTROLLER FOR A LOW-POWER SWITCHING CONVERTER - SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, UJIRE, DHARMASTALA

76

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

35. 34S0471 DESIGN AND ANALOG VLSI IMPLEMENTION OF NEURAL NETWORK - BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., &

TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR

77

36. 34S0048 FINGERPRINT BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR

79

37. 34S0280 SECURITY SERVEILLANCE USING MOTION DETECTION - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

79

38. 34S0827 SRAM WITH MEMORY REDUNDANCY - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

81

39. 34S0831 AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING ROAD LANE DETECTION - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

82

40. 34S0109 DYNAMIC DOMINO LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN - PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

83

41. 34S0400 OCEOVISIO - SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE

84

42. 34S0687 ADVANCED PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR ALONG WITH INTELLIGENT BIKE - SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

86

43. 34S0867 3-PHASE POWER INVERSION AND CONTROLE FOR IRRIGATION MOTORS - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

87

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

44. 34S0027 BIOGAS GENERATION FROM WASTE FRUIT PEELS BY THE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN PURGING

- VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

89

45. 34S0221 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN AND ZEOLITE AS FILTER MEDIA - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

90

46. 34S0222 APPLICATION OF METAL OXIDE NANOMATERIALS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS


91


INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


47. 34S0706 MICRO MACHINING OF NON CONDUCTING MATERIALS USING ELECTRO-CHEMICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING


93

INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

48. 34S0322 IMAGE FEATURES EXTRACTION OF TOBACCO LEAVES - BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANDYA

94

49. 34S0527 CHARMY: A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING AND VERIFYING ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATIONS

- PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET

94

50. 34S0662 ONLINE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR THE AKSHAYA PATRA FOUDATION, RAYAPUR, DHARWAD

- SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWAR

95

INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

51. 34S0915 WIRELESS INDUSTRIAL HAZARD DETECTION CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICE USING EMDEDDED SYSTEM


96

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

52. 34S0466 INSTRUMENTATION FOR CI ENGINE TEST RIG AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION WITH AND WITH-OUT PREHEATING DIESEL (WASTE HEAT RECOVERY OF AN IC ENGINE USING HEAT EXCHANGER)


97

53. 34S0482 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COOLING PERFORMANCE OF MICROPROCESSOR CHIP USING SYNTHETIC JET

- BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR

99

54. 34S1006 ALTERNATE USES OF ARECA NUT HUSK IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS - GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

100

55. 34S0355 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF TITANIUM OXIDE AS A TBC ON 4-STROKE CI ENGINE PERFORMANCE

- KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR

101

56. 34S0382 A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FASTER BIODIESEL PRODUCTION - NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DEVANHALLI TQ,

BANGALORE

103

57. 34S0835 INVESTIGATIONS ON HYDRAULIC DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION OF PIEZOACTUATOR FOR MACRO/MICRO POSITIONING APPLICATIONS


104

58. 34S0577 REDUCTION OF EMISSION USING BI-METALIC PISTON IN CI ENGINES - RAO BAHADUR Y. MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELLARY

106

59. 34S0008 DEVELOPMENT OF WEAR RESISTANT HIGH VELOCITY OXY-FUEL CERMET COATINGS ON GAS TURBINE BLADES E

- REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

107

60. 34S0029 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM LOW GRADE OIL THROUGH TWO STAGE TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS

- SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

108


61. 34S0092 SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO ALUMINA PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD - SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

109

62. 34S0677 SCORING & GALLING ON SHEET METAL FORMED PANELS - SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

110

63. 34S0680 EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED / EPOXY - HYBRID BIO-COMPOSITIES


111

TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

64. 34S0912 UNMANNED GUN CONTROL MECHANISM - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

113

EXHIBITION PROJECTS

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO..


65. 34S0615 CORRECTION OF HEMIPLEGIC DROP FOOT BY USING VERSATILE DROP FOOT STIMULATOR - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

115

66. 34S0616 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MEASUREMENT AND ASSESMENT - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

116

67. 34S0178 LOW COST EKG PULSOMETER - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

116

68. 34S0180 EASE - CAPSENSE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

118

CIVIL ENGINEERING

69. 34S0941 DESIGN AND ECONOMICAL PERFORMANCE OF GRAY WATER TREATMENT UNIT - GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

118

70. 34S1001 DEVELOPMENT OF HOLLOW SOIL CEMENT BLOCKS FOR WALL CONSTRUCTION - RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

120

71. 34S0566 EFFECT OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES ON THE PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE - SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

121


72. 34S0599 AUTOMATIC LOCALIZATION OF BACKWARD COLLISION OF VEHICLES USING A CAMERA - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

123

73. 34S0419 DOCUMENT TEXT EXTRACTION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGES - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

124

74. 34S0422 WIRELESS HAND MOUSE - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

125

75. 34S1008 AN APPROACH TO SLAM FOR INDOOR ROBOTS - PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

125

76. 34S1013 ATM CODEX ACCESSING ATM REMOTELY - PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

126

77. 34S0548 FARMER'S BUDDY : A REAL TIME WIRELESS PROJECT FOR FARMERS - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET

127


78. 34S0223 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE FOR ATMS - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

128

79. 34S0868 LAPTOP TRAKER - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

129


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


80. 34S0130 AUTOMATED CONTROL OF RICE MILL DRIER SECTION USING PLC - SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

130

81. 34S0713 HYBRID POWER GENERATION OF SOLAR AND WIND CONTROLLED BY MICRO CONTOLLER - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

130

82. 34S0997 INTELLIGENT LIGHTING SYSTEM CUM TRACKCUT IDENTIFIER AT RAILWAY STATION USING RF ID

- STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI

131


83. 34S0887 VOICE ACTIVATED WHEEL CHAIR FOR DISABLED - ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

132

84. 34S0362 INTELLIGENT AUDITORIUM AND THEATER STAGE CONTROL - ACHARYA POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE

134

85. 34S0817 CONTROLE OF HOME APPLIANCES USING EMBEDDED WEB SERVER - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR

134

86. 34S0614 ROTATING LED MESSAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

136

87. 34S0792 MOBILE TELEMEDICINE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

137

88. 34S0469 ELECTRONIC TALKING STICK FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED - BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., &

TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR

139

89. 34S0786 VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEM IN FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICAL

- BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI

140

90. 34S0789 HEAD MOVEMENT BASED VOICE ACTIVATED DEVICE FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE


141

91. 34S0049 AUTOMATED SOIL TESTING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE - CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR

142

92. 34S0090 SMART PUBLICITE (A MOBILE TOURIST GUIDE AND LOCATION BASED ADVERTISING SYSTEM) - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

143

93. 34S0108 ARM BASED PEN DRIVE TO PEN DRIVE DATA IMAGING - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

143

94. 34S0142 LEVEL MONITORING AND LIQUID FLOW CONTROL FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING PLANT - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

144

95. 34S0318 BABY INCUBATOR - GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN

145

96. 34S0881 AUTOMIZATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY SYSTEM USING GSM - KLS'S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

HALIYAL, UTTARA KANNADA

146


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


97. 34S0033 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE - KNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

147

98. 34S0331 FULLY AUTOMATED PESTICIDE SPRAYER FOR ARECANUT TREES USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND MICROCONTROLLER

- KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SULLIA

148

99. 34S0104 U-RADIO, A TCP/IP BASED RADIO FOR DATA BROADCASTING - MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN

149

100. 34S0849 VOICE RECOGNISATION AND ACCELEROMETER BASED WHEELCHAIR - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

150

101. 34S0851 PROGRAMMABLE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

151

102. 34S0852 ROBOTIC SOLDIER - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

152

103. 34S0933 DRISHTI - ELECTRONIC AID FOR BLIND - MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

154

104. 34S0823 AUTONOMOUS SOLAR TRACKER - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

155

105. 34S0824 HANDHELD DEVICE FOR PRESENTATION SOFTWARE - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

156

106. 34S0825 REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

157

107. 34S0335 NON CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION USING MAGNETRON AND WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF POWER


158

108. 34S0505 POWERLINE VOICE COMMUNICATION AND DEVICE CONTROL - REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

159

109. 34S0508 BATTLEBOT : THE DEFENCE SAFETY SYSTEM - REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

160

110. 34S0399 PSEUDO EYE FOR THE BLIND - SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE

161

111. 34S0189 HUMAN HANDS AND VOICE INTERPRETATION ROBOT WITH NAVIGATION - SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

162

112. 34S0190 WATER SPY - A SUBMARINE ROBOT - SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

163

113. 34S0930 REAL TIME AUTOMATED MULTI STORIED VEHICLE PARKING WITH ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

- SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

164

114. 34S0932 TRAIN TRACKING WITH LOCACTION DISPLAY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) - SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

164

115. 34S0895 WIRELESS INTELLIGENT TRAIN TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL

165

116. 34S0897 BIO-SPECKLE ASSESSMENT OF BRUISING IN FRUITS

- SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL

167

117. 34S0116 AUTOMATIC DAILY WAGE PAYSLIP GENERATION AND JUSTIFICATION FOR COFFEE LABOURERS


168


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


118. 34S0663 MULTI PURPOSE ALIVE RADITATION DENSITY DETECTION SYSTEM IN WARFIELD OR DURING NATURAL CALAMITY

- SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECH., LAXMESHWAR

168

119. 34S0328 MULTIPURPOSE TAMPERPROOF SMART ENERGY METER - SRI BHAGAWAN MAHAVEER JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KANAKAPURA,

RAMANAGARAM DISTRICT

170

120. 34S0081 SIXTH SENSE GESTURE RECOGNIZATION SYSTEM (6S-GRS) - SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE

171

121. 34S0084 DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL AND SEARCH STRATEGY FOR SWARM ROBOT - SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE

172

122. 34S0866 SOLAR ENERGY OPTIMISATION BY PRECISION SUN TRACKING - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

173

INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING 123. 34S0243 COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR COUNTING AND WEIGHING OF CEMENT BAGS IN CEMENT

INDUSTRIES - BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT

174

124. 34S0325 VOICE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC WHEEL CHAIR - MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN

175

125. 34S0707 NON CONVENTIONAL CUTTING OF GLASS PLATE USING HOT AIR JET - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

176


126. 34S0353 AN AUTOMATIC MOBILE COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR CARDIAC PARAMETER MONITORING WITH ALERT MECHANISM


177

127. 34S0329 FAST IP REROUTING ENGINE - MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MYSORE

178

128. 34S0529 CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING HMM - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET

179

129. 34S0215 MOBILE WALLET - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

180


130. 34S0019 PREPAID ELECTRICITY BILLING SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY

- JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE

181

131. 34S0020 SMART IRRIGATION


181

132. 34S0904 AUTOMET (AUTOMATED DRIVERLESS METRO TRAIN )


182

133. 34S0540 AGRICULTURAL ROBOT


184

134. 34S0765 VIRTUAL KEYBOARD WITH WIRELESS PS2 KEYBOARD PC INTERFACE

- RAO BAHADUR Y. MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELLARY

185

135. 34S0914 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND ROBOTICS


186



Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


136. 34S0465 GROUND COUPLED CLOSED CYCLE HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING SYSTEM


187

137. 34S0233 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOT ARM FOR TUBEWELL DISASTER RESCUE SYSTEM


188

138. 34S0236 A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF DOUBLE CONVEX LENS PARAMETERS ON SOLAR ENERGY HEATING


189

139. 34S0493 BATTERY DRIVEN HAND CART

- CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANTWAL TQ, DAKSHINA KANNADA

190

140. 34S0598 SIX LEGGED WALKING ROBOT FOR DISABLED PEOPLE


191

141. 34S0737 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF TOMATO SEED EXTRACTOR - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

192

142. 34S0738 CONVERSION OF ECO-UNFRIENDLY PLASTICS INTO FUEL - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

192

143. 34S0207 PORTABLE GROUNDNUT STRIPPER

- GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN

193

144. 34S0948 ZERO EMISION MACHINE -ZEM


194

145. 34S0627 FOOT OPERATED SUGARCANE SEED SCOOPING MACHINE

- JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

195

146. 34S0639 DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL PURPOSE LOW VELOCITY IMPACT TEST RIG


195

147. 34S0640 DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF SUN BIKE


197

148. 34S0862 SUNFLOWER SEED AND OIL EXATRACTOR

- MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

197

149. 34S0624 DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF DIESEL HYBRID ENGINE

- NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

199

150. 34S1011 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DUAL FUEL SIX STROKE DIESEL ENGINES


199

151. 34S1012 KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR TWO WHEELERS


201

152. 34S0813 BREAD PACKING MACHINE


201

153. 34S0532 AUTOMATION OF TWO WHEELER FACILITIES WITH GSM SECURITY SYSTEM


202

154. 34S0924 THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED SOLAR COOKER AND DRYER


204

155. 34S0144 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DIESEL PLANT


205


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PROJECT REF. NO.


156. 34S0709 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF WHEEL DRIVEN SPRAYER


206

157. 34S0733 HYBRID POWER GENERATION UNDER LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR ENERGY INDEPENDENCE


206

158. 34S0676 MANUALLY OPERATED ARECANUT CUTTING MACHINE


208

159. 34S0165 MULTIPLE DOSA MAKING MACHINE

- SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE

209

160. 34S0982 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE VARIABLE TOPOLOGY PRESS MECHANISM


210

161. 34S0984 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE BICYCLE FOR AGRICULTURE BASED APPLICATION


211

162. 34S0872 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE


212


163. 34S0346 PREPAID AUTOMATED WIRELESS ENERGY METER USING SMARTCARD TECHNOLOGY

- GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, MYSORE

213

164. 34S0913 WATER AND SOIL MONITORING FOR FARMERS THROUGH A MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM


214

165. 34S0675 SMART POWER GENERATION USING TURBINES FOR HOMES & RECYCLYING OF WATER WITH GENERATED POWER


214

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

166. 34S0617 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS WET TRANSFER PRINTING MACHINE FOR PRINTING NATURAL FIBRE FABRICS USING ECO-FRIENDLY NATURAL DYES


217

LIST OF PROJECTS SELECTED FOR “PROJECT OF THE YEAR” AWARDED DURING SEMINAR AND EXHIBITION OF 33rd SERIES: 2009-10 219 STUDENT PROJECTS SANCTIONED UNDER 34th SERIES: 2010-11 223 DETAILS OF SPP SEMINAR AND EXHIBITION ORGANISED 239


FOREWORD

Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST) was founded in the year 1975 with a view to

utilize the scientific and technical expertise of a large number of Scientists, Technologists and Engineers in the

State to alleviate prevailing poverty, improve the living standards of people and to reduce disparity through S&T

intervention. Housing, Energy, Environment, Water and Waste Management are some of the sectors that were

identified by KSCST for improved and efficient management through S & T intervention.

Some of the success stories arising from the activities of the Council include - Design of novel biogas

plants, Solar collectors, Solar pond, Gasifiers, Design of high efficiency cooking stove (ASTRA Ole), setting up

of rural energy centres and Innovative use of sisal plant. Recent major initiatives of KSCST for societal benefits

include Rainwater Harvesting, Karnataka State Spatial Data Infrastructure and Waste Management.

Apart from playing a catalytic role in the implementation of sustainable technologies to society-centric

problems/ issues, KSCST has also been promoting research, development and innovation in universities.

Innovation and technology are needed to transform our nation from reliance on the exploitation of natural

resources to technological innovation as basis for sustainable and all round development. Recognising this

need, KSCST initiated Student Project Programme, popularly known as SPP, as early as 1977. The main

purpose of this programme is to bring out hidden talent and innovative spirit burning in the minds of young

engineers graduating from colleges across the State. Under this programme, KSCST has been providing both

technical and financial support to projects undertaken by the final year engineering students of VTU and of other

engineering colleges. All these projects are selected and funded by KSCST after peer review by the faculty and

scientists of Indian Institute of Science and other reputed R&D organisations. After the completion of projects,

they are again evaluated by the experts. In this series the Council has supported projects in various fields. Thus

KSCST has been playing crucial role in building confidence and enhancing capabilities of engineering graduates

passing out from colleges in the State.

This is the 34th SPP Seminar and Exhibition in the series being conducted uninterruptedly since its

inception. We are very pleased that PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shimoga, is hosting this

programme. We hope that this Seminar and Exhibition will inspire students to be more innovative and build

“innovative society”. We thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and

Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka for their continued support in conducting of

this programme.

Prof. M. S. Mohan Kumar Secretary, KSCST


ABOUT KSCST

Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST) was established in 1975 to play a catalytic role in promoting the application of Science and Technology in developmental processes of the state in order to benefit a large segment of people. KSCST is the first State Council to be set up in the country to fulfill the long-felt need of bringing together administrators, field level officers in various government departments, scientists and technologists in research laboratories and research institutions. The council has chosen many areas like Energy, Agriculture, Water, Housing, Waste management, Health and Education for its activities. The Council has completed several projects in these areas such as Mid-day Meals for School Children, Lowcost Housing, Solar Energy Applications, Zoning Atlas, Mapping for use in district administration, Water resources development, Hand pumps for drinking water wells in villages, etc.

The objectives of the State Council are:

To identify areas for application of Science and Technology to development needs, objectives and goals for Karnataka, and in particular, to the prevailing conditions of backwardness, rural unemployment and poverty;

To advise government on the formulation of policies and measures including technical, administrative and legal devices, which will promote such applications to identified needs, objectives and goals; in particular to health, education and manpower utilisation with special emphasis on the development of human skills in the rural areas and in the slums; and which will promote the scientific management of the natural resources of the State;

To promote effective coordination and to develop and foster communication and other links between centres of scientific and technological research, Government agencies, farms and industries so that promising Research and Development work is initiated, promoted and effectively deployed in agriculture, in government and elsewhere;

To initiate, support and coordinate applied research programmes in universities and other institutions in areas identified to be specially suitable for the application of Science and Technology;

To prepare Science and Technology plans relevant to the development needs of the State;

To consider, and advise the government on such other matters as relevant to the application of Science and Technology to the problems of Karnataka State.

The Council has constantly involved several institutions and governmental agencies to identify research areas of major concerns in sectors such as Housing, Energy, Water supply, Ecology and Environment, Industries and Rural employment. The Council has evolved a methodology of conducting workshops with participation of leading scientists and administrators and technocrats to identify problems faced, in the state, in each area and to formulate research projects based on these identified problems. These problems were given to different research labs for study and to evolve solutions and these have also been implemented in the fields wherever found suitable.

The Council has undertaken several path breaking programs in the area of Energy. To name a few, it has setup a rotor windmill for pumping water at Ungra, a community biogas


service unit supplying water and electricity in Pura, Energy Parks in different parts of the state, Solar water heating systems in several places. It has also set up Microhydel stations at Elaneer village in Dakshina Kannada district and Vanachalu village near Mercara, which uses a modern technology of cross flow turbines.

KSCST has assisted the state in district level planning in 30 districts through setting up of Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) centers in these districts. These centers use modern scientific tools like Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial data support system for identifying locations with problems like drinking water supply, location of hospitals, schools, etc. This helps in empowerment of local bodies of governance in optimal use of resources. Recently under the project Karnataka State Spatial Data Infrastructure (KSSDI), undertaken jointly with Department of Science and Technology of Government of Karnataka and Government of India, the Council has launched a Geoportal wherein any interested person / institution can access , discover, publish geospatial data such as administrative boundaries, thematic maps, infrastructure facilities, etc., of the state. Rainwater Harvesting is one of the important programme of the Council. Last year, the Council opened a “Help Desk” jointly with BWSSB, to promote Rainwater Harvesting in Bangalore City. KSCST has done lots of experimentation in treatment of municipal solid and liquid wastes and their recycling. KSCST has participated in the identification of research programmes in the area of biodiversity. KSCST is involved in identifying the problems and strategies for S&T inputs in various sectors. Patent Information Centre (PIC) has been functioning to bring awareness about Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) among scientific and student communities and to assist in filing applications.

One of the major activities of KSCST has been to improve the quality of education in our colleges. In view of this, Student Project Programme (SPP) was started during 1978–79 to sponsor engineering student projects and this innovative project has been playing a very important role for last three decades. Many projects deal with technology applications very relevant to the State. During the 34th series (2010-11) of this programme which commenced in September 2010, a total of 294 projects from 63 colleges were sponsored by the Council. Since its start in 1978, the Council, under this programme, has supported more than 6500 projects.

The success of these activities are mainly due to excellent co-operation which the Council received from different departments of the Government and the scientific community in different research institutions of Karnataka, particularly from Indian Institute of Science and National Aerospace Laboratories. The support and co-operation of many senior functionaries of the State Government like the Chief Minister, Minister for Science and Technology, Finance Minister, Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj as well as the Chief Secretary, Additional Chief Secretary, Development Commissioner, Finance Secretary, Science and Technology Secretariat are extremely important in the success of these activities. The Council has completed 34 years and is looking forward for even more participation from colleges for improving the performance further.

* ~ * ~ *


PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA – A BRIEF OVERVIEW

PES Institute of Technology & Management, Shimoga holds the pride of being the flagship institution of PES, which has been rated #1 in the state and #23 in the country by the prestigious Data Quest IDC-Survey and has so far bagged 58 University ranks. It’s located at a sprawling picturesque locale in the outskirts of Shimoga providing quality education at the doorstep of engineering and management education aspirants in the academically strong Malnad region. It is centrally located and is easily accessible by road and rail from Bangalore & other cities becoming the destination of choice for many of the toppers in CET, COMED-K, PGCET and K-MAT for admissions into Engineering and MBA courses. The college has achieved excellent results from the time of its inception owing to the dedicated efforts of students and faculty. The institution is approved by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) and the Government of Karnataka. PESITM has state of the art infrastructure with well-developed labs, modern classrooms with projectors.

Courses Offered: The institute offers 5 undergraduate courses and one post graduate course with an annual intake of 540 students

Post Graduate Courses:

1. Master of Business Administration

Under Graduate Courses:

1. Electrical & Electronics Engineering

2. Electronics & Communication Engineering

3. Computer Science Engineering

4. Information Science Engineering

PESITM LIBRARY & INFORMATION CENTRE The Library & Information Centre is a resource centre for teaching, learning and research. It is housed in an area of 400 sq meters with state of the art facilities. This peaceful, sunlit area provides an ideal study space. Being the heart of the academic centre, it is home for all information services with an aim of providing “Anytime, Anywhere, Access” to information. It plays a proactive role in enabling access to information resources of all kind and providing innovative, responsive and effective service to meet the changing needs of the academic community.

Library automation The library utilises IT extensively to ensure that resources are accessible from anywhere at any time. The library is automated using the user-friendly Library Automation Software called “Libsoft” which also takes care of institution’s digital library. Completely automated library management system makes it possible to search the database easily and borrow material at ease, as well as make reservations online.


Library Services Internet Facility A 4 Mbps leased line Internet connectivity caters to the needs of the students throughout the PESIT&M Campus.

DIGITAL LIBRARY: The library utilises IT extensively to ensure that resources are accessible from anywhere at any time. A fully equipped digital library has been setup in LIC. Question papers, Newspaper clippings, Photos, CD-ROM’s, Power point presentations are hosted in digital library. The entire library collections are made available online through Institute’s network.

Statistics: Text Books : 11572

Journals (Indian/Foreign) : 57

Bound Volumes : 24

CD-ROM’s : 600

CAMPUS FACILITIES

Banking: The college campus is equipped with branch of State Bank of Mysore with ATM facility.

Transportation facility: A latest fleet of buses are available to the students.

Canteen: The campus is enriched with a very hygienic canteen which provides high quality nutritious food (includes South Indian, North Indian & Chinese food). It caters to around 300 students at a time.

Sports: Extracurricular activities like sports not only help an individual to maintain physical well being, but boost an individual’s mental ability to a great extent. As a premier institution, the college provides a platform to students to excel in their area of potential. The campus has got facilities for indoor games (Chess, Carrom, Table Tennis etc) and an impressive ground for outdoor games (Cricket, Football, Basketball, Lawn Tennis).

Hostel: The college can boast of hostel facility which is unique in design and provides accommodation facility to boys & girls separately. The hostel also provides library, sports and other recreational facilities. The hostel is located within the picturesque campus inspiring young talents to think, reflect and innovate.

Dr. V. P. Baligar Principal, PESIT&M

Shimoga


KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KSCST), BANGALORE and

PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (PESITM), SHIMOGA

34th Series - Seminar and Exhibition of Student Project Programme 19h and 20th August 2011

Date : 19th August 2011 Time: 10.00 AM Venue : Main Seminar Hall, PESITM, Shimoga

INAUGURAL FUNCTION 09.00 AM – 10.00 AM Registration 10.00 AM – 10.05 AM Invocation 10.05 AM – 10.15 AM Welcome Address Dr. Vishwanath P. Baligar

Principal, PESITM, Shimoga 10.15 AM – 10.25 AM Introductory Remarks Prof. M. S. Mohan Kumar Secretary, KSCST, Bangalore 10.25 AM – 10.55 AM Lighting the Lamp and Inaugural Address Sri B. S. Yeddyurappa Former Chief Minister Government of Karnataka 10.55 AM – 11.10 AM Address by Guest of Honour & Release of SPP Compendium Prof. B. N. Raghunandan Divisional Chairman, Earth and Environmental Sciences Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 11.10 AM – 11.30 AM Presidential Remarks Dr. M. R. Doreswamy Chairman, PES Group of Institutions 11.30 AM – 11.40 AM Vote of Thanks Dr. M. Prithviraj Executive Secretary, KSCST 12.00 Noon – 01.15 PM Lecture - 1

01.15 PM - 02.15 PM Lunch

02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Students’ Seminar and Projects Exhibition


TECHNICAL SESSIONS Friday, 19th AUGUST , 2011 12.00 Noon – 1.15 PM LECTURE - 1 Topic : Who is an Engineer? - By Dr. Swami Manohar Managing Director LimberLink Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Venue : Main Seminar Hall, PESITM, Shimoga

SEMINAR

SESSION 1: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 1 (ECE - 101, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr. G. V. Mahesh Principal Research Scientist CEDT, Indian Institute of Science

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.

TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE


- BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BELLARY

2. 34S0005 PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM BEETROOTS


3. 34S0241 SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF AGRO-WASTE FOR INDUSTRIAL LIPASE

PRODUCTION


4. 34S0036 COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF CELLULASE FROM A NOVEL MICROORGANISM







7. 34S0934 AN ALTERNATIVE, INEXPENSIVE STRATEGY FOR BETTER QUALITY YIELD OF SILK USING PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS

- PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE






- SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR SESSION 2: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 2

(ECE - 102, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr. K. S. Nanjunda Rao Principal Research Scientist Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

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18. 34S0621 MAPPING OF DO ALONG VRISHABHAVATHI RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS

- BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

19. 34S1007 SOME STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

- BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

20. 34S0961 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY FROM FOOD WASTE


21. 34S0962 EFECT OF PRISM HEIGHT ON MASONARY STRENGH







24. 34S0629 EFFECT ON HIGH RISE STRUCTURE DUE TO ADJACENT VERTICAL OPENING


25. 34S0844 MANEGEMENT OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN BELGAUM DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY


26. 34S0917 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF FLOW THROUGH BOX CULVERT AS CANAL OUTLET









- VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR SESSION 3: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 3 (ECE - 103, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr. T. V. Prabhakar Principal Research Scientist, CEDT, Indian Institute of Science


Sl. No.

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31. 34S0806 ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION - KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY, UDYAMBAG, BELGAUM


48. 34S0322 IMAGE FEATURES EXTRACTION OF TOBACCO LEAVES - BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANDYA



50. 34S0662 ONLINE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR THE AKSHAYA PATRA FOUDATION, DHARWAD

- SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWAR






64. 34S0912 UNMANNED GUN CONTROL MECHANISM

- SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR SESSION 4: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 4 (CSE - 201, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr. V. P. S. Naidu Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.






34. 34S0646 DIGITAL PWM CONTROLLER FOR A LOW-POWER SWITCHING CONVERTER

- SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, UJIRE, DHARMASTALA


35. 34S0471 DESIGN AND ANALOG VLSI IMPLEMENTION OF NEURAL NETWORK - BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., &

TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR 36. 34S0048 FINGERPRINT BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE

- CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR 37. 34S0280 SECURITY SERVEILLANCE USING MOTION DETECTION

- KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM 38. 34S0827 SRAM WITH MEMORY REDUNDANCY

- PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

39. 34S0831 AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING ROAD LANE DETECTION

- PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE


40. 34S0109 DYNAMIC DOMINO LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

- PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

41. 34S0400 OCEOVISIO

- SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE

42. 34S0687 ADVANCED PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR ALONG WITH INTELLIGENT BIKE


43. 34S0867 3-PHASE POWER INVERSION AND CONTROLE FOR IRRIGATION MOTORS

- VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR SESSION 5: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 5 (CSE - 202, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr K. Venkateswarlu Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories





Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.





- BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR

54. 34S1006 ALTERNATE USES OF ARECA NUT HUSK IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS



- KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR

56. 34S0382 A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FASTER BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

- NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DEVANHALLI TQ, BANGALORE




58. 34S0577 REDUCTION OF EMISSION USING BI-METALIC PISTON IN CI ENGINES


59. 34S0008 DEVELOPMENT OF HOT CORROSION RESISTANT HIGH VELOCITY OXY-FUEL CERMET COATINGS ON GAS TURBINE BLADE

- REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE



61. 34S0092 SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO ALUMINA PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD


62. 34S0677 SCORING & GALLING ON SHEET METAL FORMED PANELS




SESSION 6: Friday, AUGUST 19, 2011 Venue : HALL NO. 6 (CSE - 203, PESITM, SHIMOGA) Time : 02.30 PM – 05.30 PM Chairman : Dr. J. R. Mudakavi Principal Research Scientist Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.









14. 34S0338 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM WASTE PRODUCT ON CONCRETE


15. 34S0035 BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF GROUND WATER USING SAW DUST AS CARBON SOURCE


16. 34S0944 PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC MATERIAL







45. 34S0221 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN AND ZEOLITE AS FILTER MEDIA




06.30 PM – 08.00 PM Cultural Programme by students of PESIT&M

NOTE: Projects selected for Exhibition: Students need to setup their

exhibits / working models well in time and be ready to demonstrate at the Exhibition halls allocated each of the team. The panel of judges will evaluate these projects on 19th August 2011 and 20th August 2011.

Saturday, 20th AUGUST, 2011

TECHNICAL SESSIONS 10.00 AM – 11.00 AM LECTURE – 2 Topic : "Obligations of a "Gifted" person" - By Dr. S. S. Mahant Shetti, CEO, KARMIC, Manipal Venue : Main Seminar Hall, PESITM, Shimoga 11.00 AM – 3.00 PM Visit to Exhibition and Evaluation of Exhibition Projects 01.00 PM – 02.00 PM Lunch Break 03.30 PM – 05.00 PM VALEDICTORY FUNCTION




Seminar and Exhibition of Student Project Programme – 34th Series 19th and 20th August 2011

NOTE: Projects selected for Exhibition: Students need to setup their exhibits

/ working models well in time and be ready to demonstrate at the Exhibition halls allocated each of the team. The panel of judges will evaluate these projects on 19th and 20th August 2011.

EXHIBITION PROJECTS

HALL NO. 1 (Venue : ECE LAB 1) JURIES : Dr. H. N. Chanakya, Principal Research Scientist, CST, Indian Institute of Science Dr. U. J. Shenoy, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Electrical Engg., IISc.


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


65. 34S0615 CORRECTION OF HEMIPLEGIC DROP FOOT BY USING VERSATILE DROP FOOT STIMULATOR


66. 34S0616 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MEASUREMENT AND ASSESMENT


67. 34S0178 LOW COST EKG PULSOMETER


68. 34S0180 EASE - CAPSENSE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER



80. 34S0130 AUTOMATED CONTROL OF RICE MILL DRIER SECTION USING PLC


81. 34S0713 HYBRID POWER GENERATION OF SOLAR AND WIND CONTROLLED BY MICRO CONTOLLER





HALL NO. 2 (Venue : ECE LAB 2) JURIES : Dr. S. Ramagopal, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Instrumentation, IISc. Dr. Bhakthavatsalam, Principal Research Scientist, SERC, IISc. Dr. B. Subba Reddy, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Electrical Engg., IISc. Dr. Shiva Subba Rao, Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories Dr. S. V. Gopalaiah, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of ECE, IISc.


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


83. 34S0887 VOICE ACTIVATED WHEEL CHAIR FOR DISABLED - ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

84. 34S0362 INTELLIGENT AUDITORIUM AND THEATER STAGE CONTROL - ACHARYA POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE

85. 34S0817 CONTROLE OF HOME APPLIANCES USING EMBEDDED WEB SERVER - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR

86. 34S0614 ROTATING LED MESSAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

87. 34S0792 MOBILE TELEMEDICINE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

88. 34S0469 ELECTRONIC TALKING STICK FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED - BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., &

TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR 89. 34S0786 VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEM IN FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL

VEHICAL - BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI


- BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI 91. 34S0049 AUTOMATED SOIL TESTING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE

- CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR 92. 34S0090 SMART PUBLICITE (A MOBILE TOURIST GUIDE AND LOCATION BASED ADVERTISING

SYSTEM) - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

93. 34S0108 ARM BASED PEN DRIVE TO PEN DRIVE DATA IMAGING - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

94. 34S0142 LEVEL MONITORING AND LIQUID FLOW CONTROL FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING PLANT - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

95. 34S0318 BABY INCUBATOR - GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN

96. 34S0881 AUTOMIZATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY SYSTEM USING GSM - KLS'S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

HALIYAL, UTTARA KANNADA

97. 34S0033 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE

- KNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE



- KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SULLIA

99. 34S0104 U-RADIO, A TCP/IP BASED RADIO FOR DATA BROADCASTING - MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN

100. 34S0849 VOICE RECOGNISATION AND ACCELEROMETER BASED WHEELCHAIR - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

101. 34S0851 PROGRAMMABLE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

102. 34S0852 ROBOTIC SOLDIER - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

103. 34S0933 DRISHTI - ELECTRONIC AID FOR BLIND - MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

104. 34S0823 AUTONOMOUS SOLAR TRACKER - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

105. 34S0824 HANDHELD DEVICE FOR PRESENTATION SOFTWARE - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

106. 34S0825 REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS - PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE


- PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET 108. 34S0505 POWERLINE VOICE COMMUNICATION AND DEVICE CONTROL

- REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE 109. 34S0508 BATTLEBOT : THE DEFENCE SAFETY SYSTEM

- REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE 110. 34S0399 PSEUDO EYE FOR THE BLIND

- SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE 111. 34S0189 HUMAN HANDS AND VOICE INTERPRETATION ROBOT WITH NAVIGATION

- SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 112. 34S0190 WATER SPY - A SUBMARINE ROBOT

- SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 113. 34S0930 REAL TIME AUTOMATED MULTI STORIED VEHICLE PARKING WITH ONLINE RESERVATION

SYSTEM - SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

114. 34S0932 TRAIN TRACKING WITH LOCACTION DISPLAY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) - SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

115. 34S0895 WIRELESS INTELLIGENT TRAIN TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL

116. 34S0897 BIO-SPECKLE ASSESSMENT OF BRUISING IN FRUITS - SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL


- SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR 118. 34S0663 MULTI PURPOSE ALIVE RADITATION DENSITY DETECTION SYSTEM IN WARFIELD OR

DURING NATURAL CALAMITY - SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECH., LAXMESHWAR


119. 34S0328 MULTIPURPOSE TAMPERPROOF SMART ENERGY METER - SRI BHAGAWAN MAHAVEER JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KANAKAPURA,

RAMANAGARAM DISTRICT 120. 34S0081 SIXTH SENSE GESTURE RECOGNIZATION SYSTEM (6S-GRS)

- SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE 121. 34S0084 DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL AND SEARCH STRATEGY FOR SWARM ROBOT

- SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE 122. 34S0866 SOLAR ENERGY OPTIMISATION BY PRECISION SUN TRACKING


HALL NO. 3 (Venue : ECE LAB 3) JURIES : Dr. N. V. Chalapathy Rao, Principal Research Scientist, CEDT, IISc. Dr. K. Venkateswarlu, Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories Dr. M. Krishna Kumar, Principal Research Scientist, CEDT, IISc.


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


123. 34S0243 COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR COUNTING AND WEIGHING OF CEMENT BAGS IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES - BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT

124. 34S0325 VOICE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC WHEEL CHAIR - MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN

125. 34S0707 NON CONVENTIONAL CUTTING OF GLASS PLATE USING HOT AIR JET - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 136. 34S0465 GROUND COUPLED CLOSED CYCLE HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING SYSTEM

- ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR 137. 34S0233 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOT ARM FOR TUBEWELL DISASTER RESCUE SYSTEM

- BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT 138. 34S0236 A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF DOUBLE CONVEX LENS PARAMETERS ON SOLAR

ENERGY HEATING - BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT

139. 34S0493 BATTERY DRIVEN HAND CART - CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANTWAL TQ, DAKSHINA KANNADA

140. 34S0598 SIX LEGGED WALKING ROBOT FOR DISABLED PEOPLE - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

141. 34S0737 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF TOMATO SEED EXTRACTOR - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

142. 34S0738 CONVERSION OF ECO-UNFRIENDLY PLASTICS INTO FUEL - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

143. 34S0207 PORTABLE GROUNDNUT STRIPPER - GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN

144. 34S0948 ZERO EMISION MACHINE -ZEM - HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM


145. 34S0627 FOOT OPERATED SUGARCANE SEED SCOOPING MACHINE - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

146. 34S0639 DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL PURPOSE LOW VELOCITY IMPACT TEST RIG - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

147. 34S0640 DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF SUN BIKE - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

148. 34S0862 SUNFLOWER SEED AND OIL EXATRACTOR - MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

149. 34S0624 DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF DIESEL HYBRID ENGINE - NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

150. 34S1011 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DUAL FUEL SIX STROKE DIESEL ENGINES - NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

151. 34S1012 KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR TWO WHEELERS - NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

152. 34S0813 BREAD PACKING MACHINE - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

153. 34S0532 AUTOMATION OF TWO WHEELER FACILITIES WITH GSM SECURITY SYSTEM - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET


- SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD 155. 34S0144 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DIESEL PLANT

- SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 156. 34S0709 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF WHEEL DRIVEN SPRAYER

- SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA 157. 34S0733 HYBRID POWER GENERATION UNDER LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR ENERGY

INDEPENDENCE - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

158. 34S0676 MANUALLY OPERATED ARECANUT CUTTING MACHINE - SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

159. 34S0165 MULTIPLE DOSA MAKING MACHINE - SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE

160. 34S0982 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE VARIABLE TOPOLOGY PRESS MECHANISM - STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI


- STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI 162. 34S0872 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING

MACHINE - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY




HALL NO. 4 (Venue : CSE LAB 1) JURY : Dr. N. C. Shivaprakash, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Instrumentation, IISc. Dr. S. Ramagopal, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Instrumentation, IISc.


72. 34S0599 AUTOMATIC LOCALIZATION OF BACKWARD COLLISION OF VEHICLES USING A CAMERA - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

73. 34S0419 DOCUMENT TEXT EXTRACTION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGES - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

74. 34S0422 WIRELESS HAND MOUSE - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE

75. 34S1008 AN APPROACH TO SLAM FOR INDOOR ROBOTS - PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

76. 34S1013 ATM CODEX ACCESSING ATM REMOTELY - PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA

77. 34S0548 FARMER'S BUDDY : A REAL TIME WIRELESS PROJECT FOR FARMERS - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET

78. 34S0223 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE FOR ATMS - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

79. 34S0868 LAPTOP TRAKER - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR



- BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI 127. 34S0329 FAST IP REROUTING ENGINE

- MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MYSORE 128. 34S0529 CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING HMM

- PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET 129. 34S0215 MOBILE WALLET


HALL NO. 5 (Venue : CSE LAB 2) JURIES : Dr. U. J. Shenoy, Principal Research Scientist, Dept., of Electrical Engg., IISc. Dr. V.P.S. Naidu, Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories


Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


130. 34S0019 PREPAID ELECTRICITY BILLING SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY - JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE

131. 34S0020 SMART IRRIGATION - MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE




133. 34S0540 AGRICULTURAL ROBOT








- GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, MYSORE





HALL NO. 6 (Venue : CSE LAB 3) JURY : Prof. B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Sl. No.

PROJECT REF. NO.


69. 34S0941 DESIGN AND ECONOMICAL PERFORMANCE OF GRAY WATER TREATMENT UNIT


70. 34S1001 DEVELOPMENT OF HOLLOW SOIL CEMENT BLOCKS FOR WALL CONSTRUCTION

- RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

71. 34S0566 EFFECT OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES ON THE PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE

- SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

* ~ * ~ *




33rd Series - Seminar and Exhibition of Student Project Programme 19th and 20th August 2011

Date : Saturday, 20th August 2011 Time: 3.30 PM Venue : Main Seminar Hall, PESITM, Shimoga

VALEDICTORY FUNCTION

03.30 PM – 03.35 PM Invocation 03.35 PM – 03.40 PM Welcome Address Dr. Vishwanath P. Baligar Principal, PESITM, Shimoga 03.40 PM – 03.50 PM Address by Dr. M. Prithviraj Executive Secretary, KSCST, Bangalore 03.50 PM – 04.15 PM Chief Guest and Valedictory Address Prof. B. K. Raghu Prasad Former Chairman Department of Civil Engineering and CCMD, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 04.15 PM – 04.30 PM Presidential Remarks Sri B. Y. Vijayendra Director, PES Trust (R) 04.30 PM – 04.40 PM Response of Principals of participating Colleges 04.40 PM – 04.55 PM Presentation of Awards 04.55 PM – 05.00 PM Vote of Thanks Dr. S. G. Sreekanteswara Swamy Fellow, KSCST, Bangalore

* ~ * ~ *


SEMINAR PROJECTS

BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. STUDY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PSEUDOMONAS AND BACIILUS SPECIES FOR THE ISOLATION OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES

COLLEGE : BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BELLARY GUIDE : MRS. BADRUNNISA S. STUDENTS : V. SANTOSHI L. RADHIKA N. MARY SHARANAMMA S. C.

Introduction

Growth may be defined as the orderly increasing in all cellular constituents that results from the biosynthetic and energy generating processes. Growth culture were made to grow on nutrient broth at optimum temperature characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus species reveled that pseudomonas aeruginosa does not have stationary phase in its growth cycle.

Enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. L-Asparaginase is an anti-neoplastic agents used in the lymphoblastic leukaemia chemotherapy. L-Asparaginase is hydrolytic enzyme produced by a large number of microorganisms. Three microorganisms pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis were used for the production of L-Asparaginase by using submerged fermentation. Out of three microorganisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa gave the best yield. The production of L-Asparaginase enzyme was carried out by L-Asparagine as substrate the enzyme was purified by heating at optimum temperature, salt precipitation and dialysis. The optimum temperature is recorded as 55ºc and pH as 10. The molecular weight of the isolated enzyme is130 KDa which was determined by SDS-PAGE.

Methodology

The growth of the bacteria was recorded for the fermentation period from 0-24 hrs of incubation. It is evident from the figure that the growth of the bacterium after an initial 100 min, lag phase entered in to the exponential phase. The maximum growth of the bacterium was observed after 150min of incubation in fermentation medium. It is very clear shows that, the growth reached maximum at

300 min of fermentation, stationary between 300 to 350 min and found to be decrease during 350 to 400 min of incubation. Further incubation i.e. beyond 400 min of fermentation, the bacterial growth shows second stationary phase.

Growth Curve of Pseudomonas Aueraginosa, Bacillus Cereus and Bacillus Thurangenesis

00.05

0.10.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Time in Minutes

Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 4

50nm

PseudomonasAueraginosaBacillus Cereus

Bacillus Thurangenesis

Six hours old culture of Bacillus cereus, five hours old culture of Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were poured on isolation medium. It is evident that all the three organisms has shown the good growth on specific media responsible for the secretion of L-Asparginase. Further Broth culture of the same media was prepared without adding agar to the medium inoculated with all the three organisms incubated on the rotary shaker at 160 rpm at 37 0C and used for the enzyme assay. The activity of the crude extract was found to be highest ie 0.06 units and the specific activity was 0.04 units at the protein concentration 1.6µg/ml.

Conclusion

The growth characteristics of three organisms-Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus thuriengenesis were studied. The isolated enzyme, L-asparaginase was found to be involved in the treatment of cancer. Also this enzyme is innovative in lowering the cost of the treatment which will meet the market demand.

2. PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM BEETROOTS

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : SRI N. S. MANJUNATH, DR. B.E. RANGASWAMY, DR.B.G.PUJAR & DR. S. MANJAPPA STUDENTS : ANUPAMA KRISHNAMURTHY SWATI BHAT SHRUTI NAYAK

Introduction

The Beetroot, also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet or informally simply as beet, is one of the many cultivated varieties of beets (Beta vulgaris)


and arguably the most commonly encountered variety in India,North America and Britain.The beet (Beta vulgaris) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the best known of which is the purple root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet. However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chardand spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar.

At present many of the sugar industries are switching over to beetroot as a raw material instead of sugarcane for the production of sugar and Ethanol. It has been reported that sucrose content is more in the beetroot than in sugarcane. There are several reports on the use of this beetroot and its spent product during sugar production for distillery purpose. Technologies currently used by distilleries to produce ethanol by sugar beet are rare in India. It is supposed to be cost effective. The raw material is available any where and at any time in India. Most of the European countries and USA are using this technology to produce sugar and ethanol.

Objectives

1. Production of ethanol form beetroots (sugar beet).

2. Percentage analysis for the content of alcohol is assayed.

3. To study the usage of the ethanol as a biofuel.

4. To make the best use of biowaste obtained as: Animal feed, Bio-fertilizer, Bio-gas.

Methodology

1. Production of Ethanol from Beetroots: The Ethanol is a component as alternate energy when it is used in various means such as blending with petrol. Thus the main focus was to look upon the production of ethanol using beetroot as a source. Where in beetroots juice was extracted aseptically later under the required conditions the microorganisms were inoculated and left for fermentation for the production of ethanol.

2. Percentage analysis for the content of alcohol is assayed : The next step was to analyze the percentage of ethanol produced by the source i.e. beetroots. The beetroots chosen by us were of different regions of Karnataka which varied in the sugar content as per region ,thus the percentage analysis of the ethanol produced is assayed by gas chromatography technique.

3. To study the usage of the ethanol as a biofuel : This part of the objective is a study purpose one where in the usage and analysis of ethanol as biofuel done at various stages in the later stages.

Take 6g of SD broth powder dissolve in 200ml of distilled water, sterilize in autoclave at 15psi (1210C) for 20 min.

Cool the SD broth in cold water bath until temperature reach 30oC.

Take pure culture of S.cereviceae from streaked plate and inoculate into SD broth aseptically using laminar air flow.

Allow the cultured SD broth for 3 days for enriched growth of cells.

Centrifuge the broth containing inoculum of S.cereviceae at 8000rpm for 10min at 12o C.

Collect the pellets and prepare beads (Immobilization) as per the standard procedure and transfer into the beetroot juice.

Fermentation is carried out by shake flask studies using standard procedures along with lab scale fermentor.

Fermentor is maintained at the optimum growth condition such as temperature at 28-300C & pH 4.8

The mixture is constantly agitated at 350-400 rpm for optimum growth.

The fermentation is carried out for 72 hrs, so that sugars are converted to alcohol by fermentation.

The obtained solution containing alcohol is filtered using filter paper in laminar air flow.

Estimation of Alcohol is carried out using Gas chromatography.

Results and discussion

The results reveal that Beetroots (from different regions) can be efficiently used for the production of ethanol. By using Hand refractometer, the concentration of sugar in the beetroot juice was estimated. The concentration of sugar in various regions was found to be 11-13%. By using Gas Chromatographic technique, the percentage of ethanol in the fermented broth was estimated.

Conclusion

The concentration of alcohol can also be increased by using more active enzyme and microbes under aseptic conditions and efficient control over various physiological parameters. The ethanol produced from beetroot juice sample is in the range 5%-9%. The ethanol production is affected by various factors like


pH, Temperature, and concentration of substrate. Higher amount of ethanol itself is a limiting factor as production stops after a particular concentration level is attained in media. The available energy from ethanol is much higher than the input energy for producing ethanol. In other words, using ethanol as a liquid transportation fuel would significantly reduce domestic use of petroleum even in worst case scenario.

Scope for Future Work

It would have a wide impact both national and in international sectors for production of high percentage ethanol yields from beetroots-applied as alternate source of biofuel, for blending up with petrol, pharmaceutical industry, biotechnological industries and other vast applications of beetroots. Biomass left would serve as an alternate source of Animal feed, Bio-fertilizer and Bio- gas by means of composting process.

3. SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF AGRO-WASTE FOR INDUSTRIAL LIPASE PRODUCTION

COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : PREMJYOTI C. P. STUDENTS : ANUSUYA R. PATIL SUNANDA S. SARWAD SUSHMA M. KUDARI

Introduction

Solid-state (substrate) fermentation (SSF) is generally defined as the growth of the micro-organisms on (moist) solid material in absence or near absence of free water. Food fermentation and production of enzymes were the areas where SSF originated. Potentially many high value products such as enzymes, metabolites, antibiotics can be produced by SSF. A large number of the micro-organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi are capable of producing enzymes of different kinds.

Objectives

To covert Agro-Waste to useful and economical products.

To optimize the process for SSE for better yield.

Methodology

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for the study. This organism was taken from the collection unit of Biogenics, Hubli. The strain was then revived for the further use.

Agro wastes were collected from nearer places of Bagalkot, which included wastes of Sugar cane, Dal, Corn, Ground nut, Niger and Safflower.

Enzyme was Extracted and Enzyme assay was determined.

Optimization of Conditions:

Effect of incubation period

Effect of moisture level

Effect of temperature

Effect of pH

Effect of carbon source

The protein estimations for all the enzyme extracts were carried out according to Bradford (1976).

Purification was carried out by Ammonium Sulphate precipitation,Dialysis, Column Purification-Gel filtration chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis

Characterization of Enzyme by various parameters like Effect of pH on lipase activity, Effect of temperature on lipase activity , Stability of lipase, Effect of metal ion and inhibitors.

Conclusion

Lipase are used widely in the detergent, food, flavour industry, biocatalyst resolution of pharmaceuticals, esters and amino acid derivatives, making of fine chemicals, agrochemicals, use as biosensor, bioremediation and cosmetics and perfumery. In the present study lipase was been produced by SSF process using the Niger seeds as the substrate. Optimization of various conditions was performed which gave maximum lipase production. Production was done using niger seed waste hence making it an economical process. Once the production was complete partial purification of enzyme was performed to obtain the purified enzyme with the purification fold of 129.50 per cent. Hence the process was effective and for the production of industrial lipase. Further investigations are need to be carried on large scale production and applications of lipase.

4. COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF CELLULASE FROM A NOVEL MICROORGANISM

COLLEGE : BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI GUIDES : PROF. V. S. HOMBALIMATH AND PROF. SAVITHA DESAI STUDENTS : HEMA RAO SAMPADA C. KULKARNI SHWETHA S. KARAJAGI SOWNDARYA

Introduction

Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable and ubiquitous biopolymer on earth. The need for utilizing renewable resource to meet the future demand for food and fuel has increased the attention on cellulose as foreseeable sustainable source of fuel availability to


humanity. Cellulase refers to a family of enzymes which act in concert to hydrolyze fibre of plant cellwall to glucose, cellobiose or cello-oligisaccharides. A promising strategy for efficient utilization of this renewable resource is the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic waste and fermentation of resultant reducing sugars for production of desired metabolites or biofuels.

Objectives

Isolation of cellulase producing micro-organisms : A total of 23 isolates obtained from 5 different soil samples from the surrounding areas. The soil samples included forest soil, fruits and vegetable decaying soil, the soil sample from the timber wood yard, paper and pulp industry effluent and a diseased plant. All the isolates subjected for qualitative and quantitative screening for the cellulase production.

Qualitative screening of the isolated microorganisms: Qualitative screening was carried out using the dye test. 2 different dyes were used in the study –Congo red and Grams iodine. Grams iodine was found to be the best dye for screening large number of isolates. Grams iodine dye test was a rapid and a very efficient method.8 isolates were selected from the qualitative screening and further tested quantitatively for the cellulase production.

Quantitative screening for cellulase assay: The 8 different isolates obtained were subjected for the shake flask studies. The quantitative screening was carried out in the cellulase selective broth by inoculating the flasks and the broth was centrifuged and considered as crude enzyme for the assay. Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent test was used for estimating the reducing sugar content and absorbance measured at 540 nm in UV-Vis spectrophotometer and enzyme activity calculated using the formula as below.

Enzyme Activity =

Isolate 3.3 gave the highest celullase activity of 1.86U/ml followed by isolate 4.2 with enzyme activity of 1.616U/ml and isolate 1.p showing enzyme activity of 1.608U/ml. Isolate 1.p was chosen for further studies.

Microscopy : The different isolates were observed under the light microscopy. Six isolates were found to be fungi and one isolate was bacteria. Grams staining were carried out for the bacterial isolate and lacto phenol blue staining was done for the

fungal stains. All the isolates were found to be fungi except for isolate 1.p which was a gram positive bacterium.

Optimization : The media optimization was carried out using the statistical tool one factor at a time methodology and Plackett –Burmann design and the results analyzed using the software.

In one factor at a time methodology the various carbon sources(Parthenium plant, cotton plant and jowar plant) and nitrogen sources(yeast extract and groundnut pressed cake) were screened for better enzyme productivity. Parthenium and Yeast extract were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen substitutes.

In the Plackett- Burmann design the media constituents concentrations were changed (High and Low values were set) and the optimum media concentration of different constituents were obtained.

Software analysis-The results obtained from the optimization studies were analyzed using Minitab -14 software and it was found that there was no significant effect of the media constituents on the cellulase production.

Cost estimation : In order to bring about cost effective production of cellulase the above strategies were used and a significant cost reduction was obtained in the cellulase production. The initial cost for cellulase production without the optimization was Rs. 186.257 and the cost of celullase production after optimization reduced to Rs. 57.263. This activity showed that about 70% cost reduction could be achieved by using the optimized media.

5. CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN TAGGED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR HYPERTHERMIA

COLLEGE : MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDES : DR. CHANDRA PRABHA, MR. LOKESH K.N, DR. RAJEEV A. G. & DR. RAMESH K. P. STUDENTS : RASHMI RAO B. ROSHNA RAJAN GEORGE VIJAI S. NARASIMHA

Introduction

Cancer is a class of disease characterized by any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; which may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream causing metastasis.

Traditional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, hormone


therapy are invasive and/or are accompanied by harmful side effects (e.g., toxicity to healthy cells), often making for a traumatic course of therapy with only modest success. Early detection, a result of better diagnostic practices and technology, has improved the prognosis for many patients.

Novel immunological treatment approaches are required that attack the molecular and biological features of invasive malignant tumors. The magnetic nanoparticle technique has emerged as a potential multifunctional clinical tool for cancer cell-specific detection, treatment, and monitoring. Current magnetic nanoparticle technology relies mostly on magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (MIONs).These particles are mostly made of a core of magnetite and coated with biocompatible vectors/stablizers generally suspended in a colloidal dispersion. The nanoparticles suspended in the magnetic fluid possess a “magnetic moment” which enables them to be stimulated by application of an alternating magnetic field. The nanoparticles absorb the energy of the magnetic field which is then released into the surrounding area as heat through magnetic “relaxation processes” to produce temperatures of between 41 °C and 45 °C (hyperthermia), or even higher temperatures of between 46 °C and 70 °C (thermo ablation). At temperatures above 46 °C, virtually all biomolecules within the cells are affected, and the tumor cells containing the nanoparticles are directly destroyed as a result of overheating. The remains of the cells are then naturally broken down through normal bodily processes. The nanoparticles which are released from the destroyed cells are then either reabsorbed by surrounding tumor cells which are still intact or else eliminated by macrophages, part of the body’s immune system.

Objectives

Use of Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) as drug carriers and synthesis of MIONs by the method of co-precipitation.

To demonstrate the thermo-cytotoxic effect of MIONs by the application of suitable alternating magnetic field to overcome the intricacy of conventional cancer therapy.

Preparation of chemically modified Heparin derivative, Heparin-Deoxycholic acid (Hep-DOCA).

Tagging HepDOCA molecules to Doxorubicin, anticancer drug which is further tagged to MIONs to obtain HepDOCA-DOX-MION complex.

Construction of an electronic circuit capable of generating high frequency alternating magnetic field to test the invitro effect of the synthesized formulations along with cell suspensions.

Studying the cell growth based on growth patterns (solid agar and growth curve characteristics).

To perform characterization tests (DLS, SEM, XRD) to support and give evidence for the synthesized conjugates and tested formulations.

Methodology

Synthesis and Characterization of surfactant-coated superparamagnetic monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles.

Preparation and Characterization of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Heparin Deoxycholic Acid (HepDOCA) Conjugates.

Preparation of Heparin-deoxycholic acid – Doxorubicin (HepDOCA-DOX) conjugates.

Conjugation and characterization of heparin deoxycholate-doxorubicin complex to MIONs.

Construction of alternating magnetic field circuit for Hyperthermia experiments.

Study the effect of conjugated molecules by application of alternating magnetic field on E. coli – DH5 cells.

Results and Conclusions

It is an enthralling concept that tumor cells could be targeted with MIONs, which would become activated only by a specific signal, yielding the death of all particle containing cells as soon as an AC magnetic field is applied. The efficiency of this approach can be increased by tagging the MIONs with the drug molecules.

Many materials have been studied to synthesize and to control their magnetic properties. MION with three different coatings (Glycine coated MION, Starch coated MION, Sodium oleate coated MION) to prevent MION agglomeration were synthesized and their possible applications for magnetic hyperthermia was investigated.

A unique approach to tag the MIONs to two drug molecules (Heparin deoxycholic acid and Doxorubicin) to obtain HepDOCA-DOX-MION complex was established.


Magnetic heating apparatus was set up to ensure that the MIONs heat up in an AC magnetic field of 0.79mT at 960 kHz.

Different characterization techniques were pursued to characterize the newly fabricated particles, including XRD, SEM, DLS and magnetic heating techniques.

The size of the MIONs estimated from XRD peaks was found to be 39.88 nm using Scherrer’s formula. The SEM images provided additional evidence that the particle size was less than about 100 nm

Graph showing HepDOCA-DOX particle size according to DLS data

The DLS particle sizing software showed that HepDOCA-DOX particles in the range 68.3 nm to 81.64 nm. The overall diameter was found to be 74.21 nm for HepDOCA-DOX respectively. The exclusive and the novel conjugate, Hep-DOCA-DOX-MION complex synthesized had particle sizes around 100 nm according to SEM observations

Magnetic heating experiments under the effect of magnetic field showed that the iron concentration in the sample is crucial. The best temperature variations for small time intervals were observed in MION sample containing 30.4 mg Fe/ml.

The growth patterns on LB agar showed that the colony density is lesser for streaked samples subjected to alternating magnetic field when compared to non-irradiated samples when subjected to same incubation conditions. This might be due to the effect of heat released by MIONs due to AMF and/or the effect of chemotherapeutic agents (Heparin and Doxorubicin).

Cell density comparison between irradiated and non-irradiated samples of starch coated MION

Cell density comparison between irradiated and non-irradiated samples of HepDOCA-DOX-MION complex

The protein content released was estimated to be 2.1 mg/ml for the non irradiated E. coli cells (Control) whereas a highest protein release was observed on adding of Hep-DOCA-DOX-MION complex which was about 9.6mg/ml. This might have been because of the action of both the drugs (heparin deoxycholate and doxorubicin) along with the action of heat produced by the magnetic nanoparticle on application of alternating magnetic field of 961 kHz and 0.79 mTesla.

The samples which were irradiated and non-irradiated were both gram stained and observed under microscope. The figure 15 shows higher cell density of rod shaped red colored cells indicating the presence of gram negative E.coli DH5- cells. In contrast, cells treated with HepDOCA – DOX – MION depicting scarce cell population which might be due to the dual activity of the formulation i.e that the heat released by the magnetic nanoparticles due to alternating magnetic field and


the cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin as well as heparin deoxycholate leading to the lysis of cells.

Cell density in the sample BEFORE Heat treatment

Cell density in sample AFTER heat treatment by AMF

SEM image showing HepDOCA-DOX-MION complex with cells after AMF treatment

Thus, this complex has potential for the treatment of tumor cells and may also be used to carry other therapeutic agents because of its amphiphilic properties.

Therefore we can conclude that the synthesized HepDOCA-DOX tagged MIONs can be used for future in vivo magnetic hyperthermia applications. It is an exciting challenge for future research to increase the biological efficacy and particle specific absorption rate in order to achieve advanced magnetic particle hyperthermia of which only a few particles are required for selective tumor cell inactivation.

Scope for future work

The aim of this project is to increase the efficacy of hyperthermic cancer therapy using MNPs. As highlighted, this requires the production of nanoparticles as stable, highly magnetized (superparamagnetic) suspensions, capable of being functionalized with biocompatible properties that will enable targeting to specific cell types. The success of particle development and the application in clinical and biological laboratories is a factor of the interdisciplinary work that is involved.

The collaboration in the fields of materials science, chemistry, magnetic characterization, cell engineering and testing was one of the great challenges of this research. The efficiency of the synthesized formulation on cells was found to be highly satisfactory when tested on E. coli DH5-α strain. Thus the synthesized HepDOCA-DOX-MION complex has the potential to be tested on tumors.

Further, synthesis of formulations under stringent technical conditions and characterizing them based on their physico-chemical and structural stabilities as well as their effect on human cancer cell lineages have to be carried out.

Greater degree of research and implementation is required in this field for targeted tumor degeneration. This could reduce the harmful side effects of chemotherapy, since the harsh drugs would no longer be poisoning the entire body.

These magnetic nanoparticles are expected to facilitate and accelerate the diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases in the future, creating new treatment options which offer ease of use to the physician and fewer side effects to the patient.


6. REDUCTION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN OIL USING SOLID CATALYSTS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : SRI VENKATESH KAMATH H. STUDENTS : GAUTHAMI R. SHETTY JANE ANUPAMA MARTIS NAGASHREE B. RASHMI S. SHENOY

Introduction

Biodiesel, a clean renewable fuel, has recently been considered as the best candidate for a diesel fuel substitution because it can be used in any compression ignition engine without the need for modification. The sources of fatty acids can be vegetable oils, animal oils, and by-products and wastes from production of edible fats and oils. In the production of biodiesel free fatty acid content of oil has major impact over the yield.

Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation having frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 30 GHz (1–0.01m wavelength). 2.45 GHz (12.3 cm wavelength) is a frequency allotted by an international Commission for domestic or industrial ovens. Microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a new "lead" in organic synthesis. The technique offers simple, clean, fast, efficient, and economic method for the synthesis of a large number of organic molecules [4,5]. Important advantages of this technology include highly accelerated rate of the reaction, reduction in reaction time with an improvement in the yield and quality of the product. The present work describes the use of microwave energy (a domestic microwave oven) to reduce free fatty acid content of karanja oil using solid acid catalyst. Several catalysts have been used to reduce free fatty acid and reported in literature. Use of CaO and other solid acid catalysts to reduce FFA under microwave irradiation is the major breakthrough of this work.

Objectives

Reduction of free fatty acids in oil using solid catalysts under microwave irradiation and conversion to biodiesel.

Design of suitable process scheme for microwave assisted free fatty acid reduction and conversion to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel).

Optimization of different parameters such as microwave power, irradiation time, catalyst type, catalyst concentration, methanol

concentration, agitation speed using response surface methodology.

Materials and Methods

Feedstock: Karanja oil is chosen as feedstock oil for biodiesel synthesis. The criteria for selection included FFA content, price, availability in the local market and other applications of the oil. Karanja oil as received from local store contained 5.5 – 6% FFA. The major fatty acid in this oil is oleic acid about 50%

Catalysts: In the present work three solid catalysts were used, namely, Indion 190, Amberlyst 15wet, Calcium oxide.

Experimental setup: A domestic microwave oven 700W, 2450 MHz was used with modification as shown in Figure for all microwave mediated batch experiments. Thermocol base was provided as support by replacing carousel plate in such way that carousel axis rotated freely. A 150 ml round bottom (RB) flask with a Teflon agitator connected to a motor was used as batch reactor. A three neck glass adapter was connected externally through a hole made to the top of oven. The agitator through the glass adapter is connected to a motor externally and a RPM indicator is used to measure the speed of agitator. A condenser was provided through glass adapter to aid refluxing of methanol vapours [2,6].

General procedure

Karanja oil (25g) in round bottom flask was mixed with known amount of methanol. An appropriate amount of catalyst was added. This mixture was made to react in a microwave reactor and agitated at about 300 rpm at a particular power for a fixed time. Then the product obtained was separated and the acid value of the lower layer was determined. Acid value & %FFA was calculated with titrimetric method using the formula,

A.V. = 56.1*N*V/m (mg KOH/g)

%FFA = 28.2*N*V/m (%)

Where N and V are the normality and titre volume of ethanolic KOH respectively and m is the mass of oil.

Results and Discussion

Indion 190 and Amberlyst wet 15 are acid catalysts and are observed to reduce FFA under conventional heating. Experiments were conducted to reduce FFA of oil with these catalysts. The catalyst concentration was varied from 0 to 4g. The microwave power, methanol concentration and time were kept constant at 140W, 40 wt% and 4 minute. The FFA of increased as the catalysts concentration increased, other parameters being constant. Similar results were


observed at other power levels as well as methanol concentration. The microwave radiation is known to interact with ionic charges [2,4,5]. The microwave irradiation perhaps interacts with ions of the catalyst and releases them in to the reaction mixture. Hence the FFA, in fact acid number, is found to increase as catalyst concentration increased. Due to these reasons experiments were continued further with basic solid catalyst Calcium oxide and Calcium carbonate. CaCO3 reduced acid value from 9.66 to 7.93 and CaO to 5.83 at similar conditions under microwave irradiation. Thus further studies were carried out with CaO as catalyst.

Conclusion

Calcium oxide was found to be a better solid catalyst compared to Indion 190 and Amberlyst wet 15. The process parameters of microwave assisted reduction of FFA in karanja oil with CaO as catalyst were optimized using central composite rotatable design. It was found that experimental data were fit to quadratic models. The quadratic model was analyzed and found to be statistically consistent.

7. AN ALTERNATIVE, INEXPENSIVE STRATEGY FOR BETTER QUALITY YIELD OF SILK USING PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORU

COLLEGE : PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. MAULISHREE AGRAHARI STUDENTS : SYED MOIZ AHMED SHARATH T. N.

Introduction

In this study it is utilizing vermiwash, an organically derived compound to provide better nutrition to the silkworms. Vermiwash is the celomic fluid of the earth worms, diluted in known volume of water, which contains proteins, free amino acids, nitrogen, phosphate, potash and trace amount of zinc, copper, iron etc. The vermiwash is foliar sprayed to the parthenium leaves air dried and then fed to the silkworms. This gives better nutrition to the silkworms and help in secreting more silk.

Objectives

The essence of the project is to rear silkworm on the parthenium plant and check for the quality and quantity of silk that is produced.

It would require relatively low water and pesticides. The farmers can produce their own vermicompost and in turn vermiwash produced can be used to increase the cocoon yield.

Methodology

Silk worm rearing

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is the chief source for production of fabulous mulberry silk in sericulture industry. Throughout its rearing period it has to be looked after carefully and nourished with good quality leaves. Provision for optimum environmental conditions and protection from pests and diseases are the other essential requirements.

Rearing Stand

Preparation of feed bed and feeding

The feed bed is prepared by collecting the worms and the leaves together by using a feather. The bed is spread uniformly using chopsticks. The first feeding is given after two hours of brushing. Feed bed is a layer of chopped leaves spread on a tray or over a large area. The first and second instar larvae are commonly known as chawki worms. For chawki worms, paraffin paper sheet is spread on the rearing tray. Chopped leaves are sprinkled on the sheet and hatched larvae


are brushed on to the leaves. A second paraffin paper sheet is spread over the first bed.

Preparation of Vermiwash

Approximately 300 earth worms are collected from the composting bed and immersed into one litre of Luke warm water as shown below for 5- 6 minutes. After 5- 6 minutes the earth worms are again released into the composed bed and the water is collected and used for foliar spray.

Collection of Vermiwash


The yield of silk and its quality was found to remain the same as compared to the earlier yield. Amino acids as precursors of proteins are essential to all organisms including the silkworm. Silkworms do not have enzymes required to synthesize all the amino acids. The amino acids are required for the growth of the larva. Silkworms require more protein and source of N P K to produce more silk proteins. The quality and quantity of silk produced directly depends on the quality of the leaf. This shows negative results for Parthenium

Conclusion and future scope

In conclusion, foliar spray of vermiwash to mulberry leafs before feeding it to silkworms has an positive effect on the silk yield / cocoon yield.

This method of feeding provides a scope for utilizing organically derived compound to increase the cocoon yield

The farmers are recommended to produce their own vermicompost and vermiwash for utilization in cultivation and rearing process, otherwise the economic expenditure gradually increases.

8. ENHANCEMENT OF DIOSGENIN FROM STEROIDAL SAPOGENIN IN DIOSCOREA HISPIDA, DENNST BY TRICHODERMA SPECIES THROUGH BIOTRANSFORMATION

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : DR. G. PANDURANGA MURTHY STUDENTS : NIRANJAN M. SURALIKERIMATH

In the study, an attempt will be made on the preparation of diosgenin from steroidal saponins in Dioscorea hispida plant leaves through biotransformation under the influence of Trichoderma harzianum MTCC-4874. Since, the method of approach is considerable simple, eco-friendly and cheaper towards production of diosgenin from steroidal sapogenin, the present study has been proposed.

Objectives

Interaction with tribal medicine men and collection of Plant material from Biligirirangana Hills of Chamarajanaga district, Karnataka.

Extraction and Phyto-chemical screening of ethno-medicinal plant material.

Isolation and characterization of bioactive constituent i.e., Diosgenin from leaves of Dioscorea hispida, Dennst.

To use fungal strain-Trichoderma harzianum for its ability to enhance ‘Diosgenin’ using standard protocol

Enhancement of Diosgenin using solid substrate fermentation through inoculation of desired strain.

Methodology

Collection of Ethno-medicinal Plant : The plant Dioscorea hispida, Dennst was collected from B.R Hills, Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka, India.

Solvent Extraction : 4g of shade-dried leaf powder of Dioscorea hispida was used for extraction in the solvents such as, Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, Petroleum ether, Chloroform Benzene and water using maceration method (WHO, 2007).

Physico -chemical analysis : The values for Physico-chemical properties such as, Total Ash, Acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, analysis of foreign organic matter and Moisture content were carried-out. Fluorescence analysis was done for the extracts as observed in the Ordinary and UV light.

Phyto-chemical analysis : Standard protocols were adopted for the determination of the presence of


primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts of plant.

Antioxidant activity : Methanolic extract of DHD leaves was used for evaluation of DPPH Radical scavenging assay.

Micro-organism : The fungal strain used in biotransformation process was selected for its recognized ability to produce diosgenin. It was isolated from soil and stored in tubes containing glycerol (15% volumetric basis) at -700c. In addition, the pure culture was procured from MTCC Chandigarh (MTCC-4874).

Culture and biotransformation : All the culture and biotransformation experiments were performed in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. DHD leaves were ground into powder and then passed through a 60 mesh sieve before used. Spore suspension (100µl) stored at -700c was inoculated into fermentation medium that consisted of only DHD in water concentration of 33.33gl-1 and then incubated at 300c for 24h on a rotary shaker set at 150 rpm. This culture was used as seed culture to inoculate fermentation medium for diosgenin production using an inoculum size of 6.0% (v/v). Fermentation was carried out at 370C to obtain a maximum yield of diosgenin through shaking at 150 rpm for 6.5 days.

Extraction and hydrolysis of steroidal saponins: At the end of incubation period, 70ml ethanol was added to the 250ml containing the culture to extract the diosgenin and un-transformed saponins. Extraction was carried out at room temperature for 12 h (Lin liu et al., 2010). Residue was dissolved in methanol and then subjected to HPLC analysis.

Analytical Methods

a. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

TLC was used to analyze the saponin in DHD during the microbial transformation. Sample extracts of DHD were spotted on silica gel plate using chloroform-methanol-water (65:35:10) as developing solvent. The reaction products were visualized with sulfuric acid-ethanol solution (1:9, v/v) at 1100c for 2 min.

b. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Reverse phase HPLC (Perkin-Elmer) was performed with petroleum ether (bp 60-800) and isopropanol (12:1) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1ml min-1. A pressure of 500psi was maintained by binary pump (Binary LC pump 250) and separation was achieved by a Waters Spherisorb silica analytical column (4.6 *250 mm).

A perkin Elmer LC-30 RI detector was used, the retention time of diosgenin was 29.8-30.2 min.

Results and Conclusion

The present study attempts to enhance the yield of diosgenin through biotransformation and also to evaluate, preliminary physico-chemical, phyto-chemical and antioxidant status of Dioscorea hispida.

Habit of D.hispida

Trichoderma harzianum

Dioscorea hispida Dennst-Leaf powder



The future focus on the present study are to understand the nature of active principles in the ethno-medicinal plant, D. hispida, Dennst (DHD) through detailed evaluation to substantiate and authenticate the ethno-medicinal plant drug. In addition, the enhancement of the bioactive component i.e., Diosgenin through desired microbial strain has to be repeated to quantify the above lead molecule. Hence, this ethno-medicinal plant, D. hispida, Dennst can be used to exploit ‘Diosgenin’ which may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals against cancer.

9. EVALUATION OF TRIBAL MEDICINE AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF GLYCOSMIS MAURITIANA, (LAM.) TANAKA FOR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AGAINST PC-3 CELL LINES

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : DR. G. PANDURANGA MURTHY STUDENTS : ANUSHA KULKARNI RAMYA M. C.

Introduction

‘Prostate cancer’ (CaP) is one of the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death among men in the developing countries. There has long been a keen interest in herbal/traditional therapies for Prostate cancer. Various traditional systems of medicine enlightened the importance of the herbal drugs for their great medicinal value against many serious ailments. The search for eternal health, longevity and for remedies to relieve pain and discomfort drove early man to explore his immediate natural surroundings. Similar kind of practice is till exists in some forest area for example, Biligirirangana Hills of Chamarajangara district, Karnataka. The tribal, ‘Soligas’ are the major indigenous tribes of BR Hills and they have a rich and deep traditional indigenous knowledge of ethno-medicinal plants which gets passed on from one generation to the next. The Soligas share their knowledge about different aspects of practicing of tribal medicine, drug formulation, mode and duration of treatment against different ailments/diseases starting form cold, cough, fever and to serious diseases like, cancer, wound healing, snake bite and respiratory disorders. ‘Tribal Formulation’ is a mixture of different parts of plant/herbal components that are used to treat various abnormalities. The biochemical activity of formulation will not be known to the tribals but their action will be known because of the practice since

many years. Keeping this in view, in the present study, one of the tribal formaulations has been selected to evaluate the bioactivity against cancer tumour The tribal formulation contained different plants like Glycosmis mauritiana, Costus igneus, Curcuma longa and Dioscorea hispida. The major part of the formulation is Glycosmis mauritiana is a large shrub, available in the rain forest area of both eastern and western ghats. Analysing the physico-chemical and phyto-chemical activity reveal the details of the active components present in the Tribal formulation and the plant, Glycosmis mauritiana. Antimicrobial activity determination is necessary to find out the action of the Formulation and plant on the human pathogenic organisms. The Antioxidant activity analysis gives the picture of the action of the Formulation and plant extract on the reactive oxygen species. The activity tested on the Prostate cancer (PC-3) Cell lines generates an idea of the apoptotic action of the extracts.

Objectives

To collect the tribal medicine formulation from “Soliga tribes” of BR Hills and the same will be subjected for phyto-chemical screening with different plant parts of Glycosmis mauritiana, (Lam.) Tanaka using polar and non polar solvents.

To evaluate the antimicrobial properties from the formulations and the plant extracts (polar and non polar) against human pathogenic microorganism isolated from infected patients.

To evaluate the antioxidant property of formulation and extracts of Glycosmis mauritiana.

To purify and biochemically characterize the formulation and extracts for bioactive compounds using chromatographic techniques.

To study the in vitro anticancer activity against Prostate Cancer (PC-3) using tribal formulations and purified fractions respectively.

Methodology

Collection of Ethno-medicinal Plant and Tribal Formulation

Solvent Extraction

Physico-chemical analysis

Phyto-chemical analysis

Antimicrobial activity

Antioxidant activity

Gel Chromatography

Anticancer activity



a) Physico-chemical analysis and Phyto-chemical analysis:

Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, foreign organioc matter and Moisture contents were analysed for their active presence in the formulation as well as Glycosmis mauritiana, Tanaka

Presence of the most primary and secondary metabolites like Alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, proteins and amino acids, Fixed oils and fats, Phenolic compounds and tannins, phytosterols were seen to be present, but gums and mucilages were absent in plant Glycosmis mauritiana. While Costus igneus showed the absence of glycosides, gums nad mucilages, flavonoids and phytosterols. Tribal Formulation showed the presence of all the above compounds. Presence of these active constituents gives marginal justification about the practice of formulation.

b) Antimicrobial activity:

Glycosmis mauritiana:

Formulation:

MIC calculation:

Antioxidant activity:

Anticancer activity- against PC-3 Cell Lines

Glycosmis mauritiana – with Fruit - Closer view

Glycosmis mauritiana Powder (Leaf)

Tribal formulation

Conclusion

The present work revealed that the presence of the bioactive compounds. It also demonstrated the presence of the antimicrobial activity against the human pathogenic microorganisms Followed by antioxidant activity. Presence of active constituents in Tribal formulation as well as Glycosmis mauritiana, Tanaka is known to act by different mechanism and exert antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Besides, the Methanolic extract of ethno-medicinal plant, Glycosmis mauritiana and tribal formulation (water) showed considerable anticancer activity against PC- 3 Cell lines.


In future, the anticancer activity of the crude form of the tribal formulation that is used by the tribal medicine men can be directly tested upon PC-3 Cell lines instead of analyzing the purified components of it. Other components of the Tribal Formulation can also be taken up for further studies. NMR analysis can be carried out that would help in the structural elucidation of the bioactive compound present in the extracts.


10. MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS AS BIODRUG FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : MRS. SADIQA MUSTAFA STUDENTS : IPSEETA JENA SARA JAVERIYA

Introduction

To obtain a novel Matrix MetalloProteinase (MMP) inhibitor, called the Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) produced by microorganisms, we have focused on the soil microbes. Several TIMP producing fungi were isolated from soil using glycerol agar plates and were confirmed using casein agar media. The optimization of TIMP was carried out by varying the parameters like pH, temperature and the concentration of metal ions. The effect of TIMP on Thermolysin (MMP-2) was assayed by carrying out the anti inflammatory activity using standard procedures. The results showed that crude sample from five different organisms inhibited the MMP-2 activity. Among these strains, the best results were seen in Aspergillus flavus sample. The antioxidant activity was also tested by using the DPPH method. The crude sample was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation method. Gelatin Zymography was conducted to confirm the activity of TIMP containing sample on Thermolysin and Aspergillus flavus has confirmed the production of TIMP.

Objectives

Isolation, detection and mass cultivation of different microbes.

Identification of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase’s (TIMPs) producing microbes from different sources.

Optimization of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase’s (TIMPs).

To test for the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant activity of TIMPs.

Confirmatory assay using Gelatin Zymography.


Isolation, detection and mass cultivation of different microbes: Microorganisms from different samples of soil were isolated. The samples of soil were suspended in sterile water and were serially diluted.

Identification of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) producing microbes from different sources : Each colony was cut cylindrically, and put on casein agar media

containing thermolysin (MMP-2), of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, and incubated for 15h at 30°C. The isolated microorganisms were cultured aerobically at 30°C for 2~3 days with medium.

Analysis of activity of TIMPs on MMP-2 (Thermolysin) : The activity of TIMPs present in the supernatant was assayed using the ninhydrin test. Used gelatin as the substrate for Thermolysin. When thermolysin acts on gelatin, it degrades the gelatin to produce various amino acids that when react with nihydrin reagent, they produce a dark blue color or bluish purple color complex. This activity was tested at varying parameters, such as varying pH and temperature and also in the presence of chelating metal ions.

The following tests were conducted:

Inhibition of albumin denaturation.

Membrane stabilization tests.

Heat induced hemolytic test.

Anti-oxidant activity : The crude sample of TIMP were tested for their anti-oxidant activity by making use of the DPPH (1, 1- DiPhenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl) method. Confirmatory assay by Gelatin Zymography : It was carried out to confirm the activity of TIMPs against MMPs.

Result and Discussion

The soil samples were collected from different sources and the organisms were cultured on Media A and Media B, in which Thermolysin (MMP-2) was added. The obtained organisms were sub cultured on Casein Agar Media, containing Thermolysin to obtain TIMP producing organisms, which specifically produced white colonies on this media.

Since the TIMPs were produced extra cellularly, these organisms were then mass cultured on Media A along Thermolysin to get larger quantities of the supernatant for further assays.

Normal Assay : The activity of Thermolysin on Gelatin was assayed using ninhydrin test and this was considered as control along with five test samples, i.e., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp. Alternaria sp. Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. The results were obtained using spectrophotometric readings. The best results were obtained for A.flavus and Fusarium sp.

Optimization of TIMPs : Here, for pH, Temperature and presence of metal ions assays, we obtained good results for A.flavus and Fusarium sp.


Anti-inflammatory activity : Here maximum inhibition was obtained for Fusarium sp. and A.flavus samples.

Anti-oxidant activity : Here maximum inhibition was obtained for Fusarium sp. and A.niger samples.

Gelatin Zymography : The results for the activity of TIMPs were confirmed by visualizing the bands.

Conclusion

From the above tests of effect of varying pH, temperature and metal ions on the activity of the obtained TIMPs, it can conclude that Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. supernatant shows the maximum decrease on the activity of MMP-2 (Thermolysin), and thus showing maximum inhibition.

Maximum inhibition was seen in Aspergillus flavus sample in the anti-inflammatory activity test.

Further the TIMPs can be extracted from the crude sample by making use of various purification techniques such as chromatography.

The obtained TIMP can then be used for pre-clinical trials on animal models.

A Biodrug can be developed for Rheumatoid Arthritis.


11. STUDIES ON USAGE OF ION EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR RECOVERY OF COPPER FROM WIRE DRAWING INDUSTRY EFFLUENT AND REDUCTION OF IRON CONCENTRATION IN BRONZE BATH

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : DR. S. SHANMUKHAPPA AND DR. B. M. KULKARNI STUDENTS : AKSHAY BYATNAL KARTHIK G. R. NEHA RANI SACHIN S. B.

Introduction

M/s. Aradhya Steels Pvt. Ltd., Anagodu village, Davangere taluk, is a medium scale wire drawing unit, producing high tensile steel wires of 1.5 to

4.00 mm diameter by successive heat treatment and wire drawing operations. These steel wires are further subjected to plating process to deposit copper suitable for clutch plate, break lining, tyre manufacturing applications etc. During the process with the passage of time, the concentration of iron increases in the plating bath and interferes in copper deposition affecting the quality of copper coating.

Chemical method (addition of hydrogen peroxide), physical method (oxidation by direct air blow) and Chelation by addition of Cupferron and Glycine were adopted for reduction of iron concentration in plating bath.

Out of these methods chelation by the addition of glycine gave successful result. The addition of 20 ml of glycine to 1 L of Bronze bath reduced the iron concentration from 5.76 to 3.64 gm/L. which is highly desirable for plating operation. The proposed method shows reduction in iron concentration of about 36.80%.

Also during the process, in order to have quality deposition the bath solution has to be discarded as the concentration of iron reaches the concentration of 5.8 gm/L, beyond this limit set by the industry, concentration of iron is undesirable. This leads to unnecessary wastage of precious metallic salts making process uneconomical.

The recovery of copper from bronze bath was carried out by ion exchange method using selected resins such as Indion 820 and Indion 850. The proposed method is pH dependent and shows maximum recovery of copper (86.5 %) in the pH range 2 to 6.

Objectives

Screen, evaluate and select the most readily & commercially available ion exchange resins for recovery of copper ions from the effluent of wire drawing industry.

To suppress concentration of iron in plating bath to achieve quality deposition of copper on wires of the wire drawing industry.


Iron reduction and copper recovery methods from wire drawing industry were evaluated.

Addition of hydrogen peroxide gave great reduction in iron concentration but at the same time it reduced the concentration of tin which is not desirable and it also increases total acidity.

Air blow method is simple but time consuming and reduction in concentration of iron is not sufficient hence making the method ineffective.


Addition of cupferron did show reduction in iron concentration but it formed precipitate.

Addition of glycine to the bronze bath suppresses the iron concentration of the bath. Iron concentration was reduced from 5.76 gm/L to 3.64 gm/L by addition of 20 mL of Glycine to 1L of solution.

Indion 850 ion exchange resins are found out to be most effective and by approximate dilution, 86% of copper recovery is achieved.


Further many methods can be adopted and experimented for reduction of iron concentration in plating bath.

Other types of resins can be tested and employed for the recovery of copper.

Techno-economic evaluation of the processes has to be done in order to practically apply the methods to the industry and commercialization of it.

12. CHEMICAL PURIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN THE PREPARATION OF NANO SHIELD

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. SURESH C. MAIDARGI STUDENTS : BIPIN V. ANGADI BINDU CHAWLA THASEENA BANU

Introduction and Objectives

The objective of this Project is to check for chemical properties of Carbon Nanotubes for application requirements and utilize the purified CNT s in preparation of Nano Shields.This project mainly involves in the selection of polymer used in the preparation of Nano Shield along with the carbon Nanotubes. The properties of the polymers are studied so as to suit for the Nano Shield. The selected polymers are further tested to choose the best among the selected polymers.This also includes in the selection of the rubber material for the preparation of the mould that has to be sandwiched between the selected polymer layers. There are various tests conducted to test the strength of the various composite layers prepared from polymer and rubber.The carbon nanotubes that have to be used in the Nano Shield preparation is first selected based on the required properties and chemical purification is done in order to remove

carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present in low quantities in CNTs.The carbon nanotubes after purification are used in between the polymer and rubber layers. This prepared mould is tested further for the strength and compressibility factor.Thus prepared Nano Shield is compared with the BIS standards to reach the necessary requirements to be used as body armor.

Methodology

There are six main parts in which nanoshield was prepared they are:-

1. Selection of CNT and polymer

2. Chemical Purification of CNT

3. Preparation of polymer slabs

4. Selecting Sandwich pattern (polymer + rubber).

5. Preparation of final mould.

6. Bullet testing.

The following are the results from tests

Compression test was conducted and studied increase in the area, length and compressive test was conducted. The results were encouraging.

Further Charpy impact test was conducted with the different moulds. The moulds dimensions is of 60*12mm

Moulds PRPRP PRRP PPRPP PRP

Impact Energy , J 14 08 12 06

Charpy Impact Resistance, J/mm2

0.145 0.133 0.136 0.15

Finally PPRPP was selected due its satisfactory results.

The final mould is prepared according to the CNT, polymer and rubber combination. The prepared mould was then sent to forensic laboratory for bullet testing.


Results

Minimal Velocity Test was conducted from lead Ball, Iron Ball.

Lead Ball: No bulging effect, No defects, No breakage The lead ball gets deformed due to the transfer of impact energy. Iron Ball: No bulging effect, No defects, No breakage The iron ball doesn’t gets deformed. Air Riffle Test was conducted using calibres test namely

1. 0.177( muscle diameter in inches)

2. 0.22 (muscle diameter in inches)

Remarks:

0.177 (muscle dia): The mould did not form deeper dents. It was able to with stand a velocity of 200 ft/s. The layers remained same with deform.

0.22 (muscle dia): The mould formed dents greater than that of 0.177 dia riffle and there were no other layer deforms.

Low velocity fire arm tests are also conducted using the calibre of the riffle used is 0.22 revolver.

There was deformation of the layers due to the increased velocity to average of 650ft/s.

Conclusion

The whole project has been carried out with the intention of preparing a bullet proof material using CNT which is more efficient and stronger then the existing bullet proof material .the project has come out with the following conclusion ;

It can be concluded that the:

The velocity required for the object to penetrate into the body is 120 ft/s.

The mould prepared could withstand the velocity four times than that required for the penetration into the body.

Hence the penetration reduction is about 60% of the current bullet proof material used.

It can be concluded that the material chosen has met the basic demands of the bullet proof material.

It has evaluated and documented the specific desirable properties of the bullet proof material and

it recommend that further improvement and development of the carbon Nanoshield can be carried out.

Future Work

The mould can be made in the shape of a human mask so as to provide facial protection.

The thickness of the polymer can be increased by 1-2mm.

Nanoshield’s effectiveness can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of CNT embedded between the polymers.

A metallic frame can be inserted to withstand more traumas.

The transparency of the polymer and CNT can be increased by using suitable solvents.

Nanoshield can be customized to use as explosion proof.

13. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MODERN ASSISTED METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMICAL REACTION, MASS TRANSFER OPERATION TO HAVE BETTER GREEN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDES : PROF. SHILPA U. MUTALIKDESAI, PROF. ANITA SHINDE & PROF. SAVITA K. STUDENTS : KISHAN ANAVEKAR SHRIDHAR HAROBELAWADI TRUPTI TELANG KAVITA ANVEKAR

Objectives

The Art of Carrying out efficient Chemical Transformations is a major concern in Modern Chemical Industries.

Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the generation of hazardous substances.

Maximizing the conversion of the reactants to produce maximised products.

Use of safe technologies to enhance Human working conditions.

Use of technologies to safeguard the environmental norms.

To minimize the waste disposal.

To have Energy Efficient processes.

Non-Catalyst Methods are explained in the project:


Microwave Assisted Reactions (Physical Assisted Technique)

Ultrasound Assisted Reactions (Physical Assisted Technique)

Cathode Ray Tube (E-Beam) Assisted Reactions. (Chemical Assisted Technique)

These Modern Assisted methods can be more useful by integrating with Leaching Operation to improve leaching (solid-liquid extraction) efficiency.

Methodology

Non-Catalyst Assisted Methods, which our Project deals with, are those Modern techniques which are used to assist the chemical reaction activation, mainly these techniques helps to change the Kinetics of the Reaction, thus gives us the opportunities to study the strategic routes to achieve desired Chemical Reaction. So it tried to correlate the modern techniques with Environmental feasibility and to achieve Industrial demand at sustainable and competitive cost. Some of those techniques are going to be studied namely,

Microwave Assisted Reactions

Ultrasound Assisted Reactions

Cathode Ray Tube (E-Beam) Assisted Reactions.

In area of this study, we will implement these Assisted Methods in different Chemical Reaction along with Conventional Methods to see the difference in Reaction Rate.

Product Yield: The study refers to how this technique proves to be excellent in cases where traditional heating has a low efficiency because of poor heat transmission and, hence, local overheating is a major inconvenience and to improve reaction rate to enhance product yield.

Ultrasound Assisted Technique:

The large amount of energy liberated due to collapse of microbubbles

Electron-Beam Assisted Technique

Aim is to separate the cathode ray tube from old television as part of recycle, then separate electron gun to use as source of electrons to create radiolysis in Chemical Reaction Mixture, so as to enhance Chemical Kinetics & product yield

Outcome of the Project: Based on the kinetics and thermodynamics it will look how these different physical assisted Methods compete over each other also with conventional method & priority basis will be judged over their performance, impact over environment etc. Likewise many reactions will be studied. Therefore this Project deals with Primary Aspect of New technologies without Cost perspective.

Application of the Project: Due to large-scale production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, and other consumer durables in India, there is a great potential for green chemistry research in India to refine the existing technologies and also to


find more environmentally benign alternatives. These Modern Assisted Methods can be very useful, if it works on the principle of Green Chemistry, then it can say Modern Assisted Methods as Green Synthetic Strategies

If Modern Assisted Methods proves to be ideal, then there can be improved growth for production of Industrial Micro oven, Ultrasonic Bath/Probe, Electron Gun.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the practicing of Green Chemistry in India is a necessity rather than an option, as this is now a high time to protect the environment from further damage.

14. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM WASTE ON CONCRETE

COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. NANDINI M. NAIK STUDENTS : SUPRIYA NIRMALKAR KOMAL JADHAV DEVENDRA RATHOD NITESH KUMAR Introduction

There is a current trend all over the world to investigate the utilization of processed and unprocessed industrial by-products and domestic wastes as raw materials in cement and concrete. This has a positive environmental impact due to the ever-increasing cost of waste disposal and stricter environmental regulations. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of used engine oil and diesel on properties of fresh concrete. The leakage of oil into the cement in older grinding units has been reported to result in concrete with greater resistance to freezing and thawing. In most of the petroleum industries, petrol pumps, garages, pavements, industrial units etc, the oil spillage is a very common scene. These petroleum products like petrol, grease, lubricating oil, bitumen, asphalt, L.P.G etc may have some disintegrity effect on the concrete floors on which they are spilled. Many a times petroleum products may be stored in a concrete container or a concrete lining may be given to a steel container containing the petroleum products. In case of oil extraction from the ground the bore hole may be lined with concrete. In all such situations the concrete comes into petroleum products, which are basically hydrocarbons. When oil spillage takes place on concrete part of it will evaporate and part will comes in contact with ground water. Due to difference in temperature between the oil molecule and ground water

expansion of oil molecules takes place and mixes with the ground water and hence contaminates it. Oil spills can have several detrimental effects on soil.

Result:

For diesel:

From NDT test shows that there is increase in strength of concrete cubes when 10% of fly ash is added to the mixture.

From Sorptivity test it analyzed that there is less water absorption when there is addition of 10 % of fly ash to the concrete mixture.

For used engine oil

There is increase in strength of concrete cubes when 10% of fly ash is added to the mixture.

Used engine oil soaked cubes gives a better absorption result in comparison with diesel soaked cubes for Sorptivity test.

Conclusion

If 10% fly ash is added to the concrete mixture it increases the strength of the concrete block and also shows less water absorption.


The results obtained can be used as an application part where concrete comes in direct contact with petroleum waste products like garages, industrial units and during exploration.

15. BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF GROUND WATER USING SAW DUST AS CARBON SOURCE

COLLEGE : MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. ARCHNA STUDENTS : BHAVYA V. RISHIKA CHOPRA SHRUTHI E. SHRUTI LAL

Introduction

Studies of groundwater in and around Bangalore have shown nitrate levels beyond the permissible level as set by the WHO. Increase in the nitrate level beyond this level has serve impact on human and animal health concerns in portable water. Nitrate is a stable and highly soluble ion with due potential for precipitation or adsorption. These properties make it difficult to remove using conventional water treatment methods. Biological denitrification has been found to be an effective method for denitrification. In this process, molecular nitrogen is formed through a series of gaseous nitrogen oxide products. Of the many living organisms that have the capacity to denitrify Pseudomonas sp. And show the maximum potential. Pseudomonas sp. is a soil microbe abundantly found in Bangalore soil.

In the current study, the organism Pseudomonas fluorescens (NCIM 5059) was used to denitrify 100ppm and 200ppm of nitrate rich water. The carbon source used was Saw Dust in the form of Fine, Coarse and wood Pellets of Particle size 0.147mm, 2.362 mm and 1cm x 1cm respectively. Nitrate concentrations were measured over a period of time, and a marked decrease was observed. The experiments were conducted at a temperature of 27 ±2ºC or 27±2ºC. A maximum of 49-58% removed was observed.

Observation

To collect Literature on nitrate concentration in ground water at various locations in Bangalore

To characterize the fine and coarse saw dust particles according to particle size for being used as carbon source in biological denitrification. To produce pallets of saw dust batch denitrification process

To grow the micro organism Pseudomonas fluorenscens produced from IMT, Chandigarh

To optimize the rate of denitrification at different weights of carbon source

To carry out a batch study for determining the rate of denitrification and Dry Cell Mass at different concentration of nitrate( 100ppm and 200ppm)

Conclusion

The present study was carried out in a batch scale. The stability of he free microorganisms and the amount of identification achieved with saw dust as the carbon source is obtained from the batch study dates. The same carbon source saw dust can be used as packing materials in a reactor for moving nitrate in continuous manner. Thus continuous denitrification in packing columns can be achieved from the obtained datas. The left behind sludge after denitrification can also be disposed off easily into the soil as the micro-organism is a soil bacteria. It also helps in the development of low cost Bio filters.

16. PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC MATERIAL

COLLEGE : SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD GUIDE : PROF. S. Y. ADAGANTI STUDENTS : RAJENDRA M. NAMRATA PALLAVI BHAT

Introduction

Considerable efforts have been made to convert wood biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals since the oil crisis in mid-1970s. Nearly 100 types of biomass have been tested, ranging from agricultural wastes such as straw, olive pits, to energy crops.

Lignocellulose is a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants. It is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Production of ethanol from lignocellulose has the advantage of abundant and diverse raw material compared to sources like corn and cane sugars, but requires a greater amount of processing to make the sugar monomers available to the microorganisms that are typically used to produce ethanol by fermentation.

Objective

Aim is to make ethanol a viable substitute to gasoline, from cheaper, non-edible, abundant and readily available source.

Raw material used as wheat as a lignocellulosic material which predominantly consists


of cellulose (35 - 40%), is a agricultural crop residues used for production of ethanol which is a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil.

Wheat straws are first reduced to a powder form of 0.3mm size. Powder is pretreated using hydrothermal explosion (new technique) to separate holocellulose from unwanted materials from straw. The product is acid hydrolyzed to produce reducing sugars. Glucose and xylose obtained is fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast to convert simple sugars to ethanol. From the broth biomass is separated and supernatant was tested for the presence of ethanol. Supernatant is distilled to separate ethanol which is estimated qualitatively and quantitatively.

17. EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM ORANGE PEELS BY ACID HYDROLYSIS AND THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING METHOD

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : MRS. G. R. SUMA STUDENTS : VEENA T. DIVYASHREE M. C. ANITHA R. MANJULA VANI S. D.

Introduction

Pectin is extracted from a wide variety of sources such as fruits (apple pomace, orange peels, citrus peels, sugar-beet pulp) and has a number of benefits, such as in fruit and vegetable preserving, processing and pharmaceutical industries. Pectin plays a very important role in pharmaceutical industries as a binding agent in dosage form, which will reduce the cholesterol level in our body also.

The extraction involves use of solvents like acetone or ethyl alcohol to remove any acidic ions present, HCl in drop wise to bring the contents of the vessel to the required pH.

This project is primarily aiming at providing an easiest method of manufacturing of pectin on a laboratory scale. In actual practice mineral salt precipitation method is rarely used, because it appears to be very difficult to remove the salts completed. However to obtain high grade of pectin is made of the alcohol precipitation method.

The raw materials, apparatus required for the above process are easily available in the laboratory and their cost is also less. The process is very easy

and may be carried out with in the bounds of laboratory conditions.

Methodology

Extraction of pectin from orange peels can be done by two methods namely,

By acid hydrolysis method and thermo mechanical processing method.

Finally comparison is done based on the yields of pectin obtained from both the methods.

I. Acid hydrolysis method

a. Pretreatment : The peels are separated from the fruit and are rasped. Finally they are comminuted to small pieces by stainless steel sharp knife 200g of minced peels are taken and subjected to thorough washing with cold demineralised water. Washing is carried out 3 times, each time with fresh equal amount of demineralised water.

b. Extraction : The washed peels are now immersed in 300 ml of demineralised water taken in a stainless steel vessel and were immediately brought to boiling to destroy the pectolytic enzymes present. After ensuring sufficient boiling the acidity of the contents in the vessel is brought to the required pH by addition of concentration HCl drop wise. The peels are subjected to dilute acid extraction for a known time maintaining the extraction temperature at a required value. Then the slurry is subjected to filtration on a Nylon filter cloth to obtain the filtrate known as “Extract” (liquid pectin). The residue peels are collected and extraction is done again for a required number of times. The extracts are cooled to room temperature.

c. Precipitation : The volume of the extract (liquid pectin) is measured and to this thrice the volume of acetone is added with stirring. The fibrous spongy precipitate pectin is formed and this is separated by Nylon filter cloth. The precipitate in the filter cloth was pressed.

d. Washing : The pectin is shredded finely and is subjected to washing with acetone for three times to remove any acidic ions present.

e. Drying and grinding : The wet fibrous spongy pectin is dried in tray drier maintained below 600C for about 6 hours. It is then powdered using a mortor and peastle to a fine powder and packed in airtight container.

II. Thermo mechanical processing

200g of minced peels are taken and subjected to thorough washing with cold demineralised water. Washing is carried out 3 times, each time with fresh equal amount of demineralised water. After


pretreatment one step is extra that is subjecting the orange peel for a short time to vacuum of 150mmHg. The rest of the processes like extraction, precipitation, washing drying and grinding are carried out in the similar way to the acid hydrolysis method.

Summary and Conclusions:

Extraction of pectin from orange peels by acid hydrolysis and thermo mechanical processing method were done by studying the parameters like temperature and pH. For both the methods the temperature is varied as 65, 75 and 850C and also the pH as 3, 5 and 6 and the corresponding results were recorded.

After studying all the effects of different parameters on the yield of pectin, the following optimized values were found out.

1. pH of acidulated water = 3

2. Time of extraction = 60 minutes

3. Temperature of extraction = 750C

4. Number of extractions = 2

The yield obtained from the thermo mechanical processing method is more when compared to the acid hydrolysis method. The main aim is to minimize the cost of production and this is the most economical way of manufacturing pectin by thermo mechanical processing method. Further the yield can still be improved by changing the ratio of acidulated water to peel, time of extraction, number of extraction and varying pressure.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

18. MAPPING OF DO ALONG THE VRISHABAVATHI RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS

COLLEGE : BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. K. R. SURESH STUDENTS : JYOTHSNA AMRITH KUSHAL B. SHASHWATH S.

Objectives

To study the water parameters of the Vrishabavathi river from Gali Anjaneya Temple to RV College of Engineering

To study the assimilating capacity of the river in the form of DO and BOD Variation in the selected stretch

Methodology

Collection of Water samples in the study area along with Lat, Lon and elevation.

Physico chemical analysis of the water samples.

Collection of desired toposheet from SOI

Selecting the AOI and Digitization of the same.

Picking up the AOI satellite image from Google image.

Geo referencing the image and overlap the same on the toposheet using the ground truth studies.

Integrating the water sample analysis on to the GIS Platform.

Results & Conclusions

From the analysis it is observed that even though the stream tries to recuperate due to dumping of industrial effluents and domestic sewage at regular intervals, without treatment. Hence dissolved oxygen level is tall and water turns to black color. Vrishabhavathi River constantly subjected to dumping of industrial effluents and domestic sewage resulting in serious fall of dissolved oxygen.

This dissolved oxygen sag clearly shows there is no flora and fauna in the selected stretches of the stream.

Despite the sewage treatment plant the quality of the river remains the same.

The analysis shows that the water in the stream is acidic. This shows that the industrial effluents discharged into stream are much higher than domestic sewage.

Elements like Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Iron shows not much variation in the selected stretch.

Scope of Future work

Develop a DO Model using QUAL2E knowing the type of water and pollutants in the stream and their entry points.

The DO Model is developed; it can be utilized for the water treatment.


19. SOME STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

COLLEGE : BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. S. GIRISH STUDENTS : B. N. PRIYANKA PRABHAKAR HAVALAGI NAGESH P. REKHA A. J.

Introduction

Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with excellent permeability and moderate range of compressive strength which can be used for non structural applications. The major step that is yet to be developed for the production of pervious concrete is designing a rational mix proportion incorporating the two most important properties namely permeability and compressive strength. The utilization of pervious concrete is gaining importance of late and there is a need to develop this material with a systematic approach. Volume of fine aggregate, paste, dosage of superplasticizer and viscosity modifying admixtures, mixing and compaction methods plays an important role in the development of pervious concrete.

An attempt is made in this study to develop a relationship between compressive strength verses water cement ratio and permeability verses grading of aggregate and then develop a rational mix design guidelines for the development of pervious concrete. The study is carried out using 53grade cement, commercially available polycarboxylic based super plasticizer, a viscosity modifying admixture, natural river sand and crushed angular aggregates of maximum size 20mm. The cement content was fixed at 375 kg/m3 with water to cement ratio ranging from 0.24 to 0.35 with water content varying from 90 to 130 lt/m3. The percentage of fine aggregate was varied from 5 to 15% in increment of 5%. Cubes and Cylinders of 150mm were cast and tested at the age of 7 and 28days for compressive strength and co-efficient of permeability and beams of 150×150×700mm for Flexural strength at 28days.

Results of the study indicate that as the water cement ratio increases the compressive strength increases. This is because of the availability of more paste at higher w/c ratio with better cohesion of the mix and reduction in the inter particle friction between the aggregates. Also for the same w/c ratio the compressive strength increased with higher percentage of sand. In addition as the volume of paste increases the compressive strength also increases. It can also be noted that the compressive strength increased even for the same Vp for different sand percentages even though the water content and chemical admixture

contents are the same. This indicates that at higher Vp a better coating of the surface of the coarse aggregate results in better lubricating effect and also probably due to better packing. Also as the percentage of fine aggregates increases the co-efficient of permeability decreases. Based on the test results a rational mix design procedure is proposed.

Objectives

To establish the relation between Compressive strength verses water to cement ratio for Pervious concrete.

To establish the relation between Co-efficient of permeability verses grading of aggregates for Pervious concrete.

3Aim to formulate a mix design procedure for Pervious concrete.

Mix Design Guidelines

Based on the experimental programme of this study it is possible to propose mix design guidelines. Initially, from the relation between compressive strength and water cement ratio, the w/c can be obtained for the targeted compressive stregnth. The cement can then be chosen between the band width of 300 to 450 kg/m3. Then for the chosen cement and water cement ratio, water can be fixed. Taking care to have the water between 90 to 130 lt/m3. From the values of cement and water volume of paste(volume of water and cement) can be calculated. Further depending on the type of application, and from the relation between co-efficient of permeability and percantage fine aggregate, sand percentage can be fixed, for a chosen void content of 15%. Based on the Absolute Volume Concept the total volume of aggregate can then be calculated by treating the concrete as unit volume by deducting the Vp and volume of voids. Further the volume of coarse aggregate can be calculated from already obtained fine aggregate

Conclusions

A clear trend is seen in that Compressive Strength increases as the water cement ratio increases.

The compressive strength increases with higher percentage of sand for the same water cement ratio.

Compressive strength increases with increase in volume of paste.

Coefficient of permeability decreases with increase in the percentage of fine aggregate.


The flexural strength is significantly at an approximate average of 12 percent of the corresponding compressive strength.

A rational mix design can be proposed based on the relation between compressive strength verses water cement ratio along with the co-efficient of permeability verses grading of aggregates.

20. NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY FROM FOOD WASTE

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. LAKSHMI C. STUDENTS : RUCHIR A. J. RUDRE GOUDA K M SHANKAR MURTHY K S VINAY KUMAR K S

Introduction

Non conventional energy is also called Renewable energy sources that are continuously replenished by natural processes. Due to depletion of Conventional energy there is huge scope for Non conventional energy sources such as solar energy, Bio gas etc. This project was conceptualized to demonstrate what could be done with vegetable waste generated locally, with minimal investments.

The vegetable waste is collected and this waste is used for generation of biogas using anaerobic decomposition. The biogas produced usually contains methane along with other gases such as Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide, etc.

Segregation of gases is done by passing the biogas over the lime solution. Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen sulphide reacts with lime, gets absorbed and methane free from these is obtained.

The presence of methane is confirmed by conducting Flame test and lighting the mantle lamp.

The methane could be used for several applications such as cooking gas, illumination of mantle lamps, running of automobiles.

Objectives

1. Identifying the fraction of each gas content in the composition of biogas.

2. To workout the safe compression methodology to produce biogas and isolated methane.

3. To determine the variations of calorific value of obtained methane.

4. Using methane gas for several applications such as cooking, lightening, and evaluating the performance efficiency of the same.

Methodology

The food waste generated in a society could be put to better use when country is facing the shortage of energy. Hence, a preliminary investigation was done. However here are certain lacunae and it requires improvement. Hence this project.

The earlier model developed was using mild steel and it is deteriorating in presence of moisture content in the food. The existing model requires a non corrosive container surface.

The decomposition of the food waste results in production of gases such as H2S, CH4, CO2, etc. The methane gas produced needs to be known by what percentage it is present in the mixture of biogas. When analyzed through atomic absorption spectrometer the percentage of methane can be obtained. However the gas that comes out of the system could be modified to yield as pure methane. Attention would be focused in this direction.

Outcome of the Project

Production of biogas from the food waste

Isolate methane from fixed biogas

Determine the calorific value and assessing quantity of methane produced.

Application of the Project

The biogas generated out of the worked food can be used in the following applications.

Cooking of food in the kitchen using compressed gas.

For lighting purpose as mantle lamps.

The compressed gas can be used for autorikshaws.

Saves human labour, transport and fuel for moving out.

Generation of fertilizers from the sludge.

21. EFFECT OF PRISM HEIGHT ON MASONARY STRENGH

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : MRS. JYOTI T. K. STUDENT : ANUSHA S. G.

Objectives

To study the engineering properties of table moulded bricks of Bangalore and cellular concrete blocks and hence to find the coefficient of variation, standard deviation associated with it


To examine the variation of prism height on brick masonry strength.

To examine the variation of prism height on block masonry strength.

To study the effect of stress-strain relationship with the variation of prism height.

Methodology

An attempt has been made to study the strength, absorption characteristics and elastic properties of bricks, blocks and property of common mortars used for masonry. In order to understand the behaviour, tests were performed on bricks and blocks which were collected from in and around Bangalore. Properties viz. Absorption characteristics, Initial rate of absorption (IRA), compressive strength, dimensionality and dry density of bricks and blocks have been examined. Properties of Mortar (1:6) and (1:5) have also been determined. The recommendation given by IS 1077-1992, IS: 3495 – 1976 parts 1, 2, 3 and 4, IS: 2185 part 1, 2 were followed for carrying out tests. The values have been shown in Table 1.

Spec

imen

Com

p. S

tren

gth

(MPa

)

C.O

.V fo

r com

p.

Stre

ngth

(%

)

Avg

wat

er a

bsor

p.

C.O

.V fo

r wat

er

abso

rptio

n (%

)

IRA

(k

g/m

2 /min

)

C.O

.V fo

r IR

A

(%)

Avg

. el

astic

mod

ulus

(M

Pa)

TMB 4.50 9.46 14.95 9.86 2.86 10.84 629.47

4" block 3.27 3.70 8.54 2.10 3.17 12.05 1343.8

6" block 3.29 3.80 9.26 5.51 3.72 5.83 1180.9

8"block 3.44 1.20 9.08 7.21 2.29 3.15 1647.0

Table1 Evaluated engineering properties of bricks and blocks

To study the effect of prism height on masonry strength, a total of 78 stack bonded prisms.The guidelines of IS-1905-1987 were followed in casting of masonry prisms. A uniform joint thickness of 2cm was maintained throughout. The specimens were cured for a period of 28 days. These were tested in Universal testing machine between the steel plates kept at top and bottom. The change in length was measured using demec gauge to obtain strain. The modulus of elasticity was obtained from the stress vs. strain curves. Best fit curves were considered for plotting the curves. The summaries of results of experimental investigation are given in table 2. The masonry efficiency which is the ratio of prism strength to unit strength was also calculated and is tabulated in table 2.

Table 2 : Summary of experimental investigation

Uni

t hei

ght

Spec

imen

Avg

Com

p

stre

ngth

(Mpa

)

C.O

.V (%

)

Mas

onry

effic

ienc

y (%

)

Elas

tic m

odul

us

(MPa

)

1 : 5 ratio

6 565x225x105 1.6600 16.71 37.20 440.50

5 470x225x105 1.6800 16.90 37.40 531.80

4 375x225x105 1.4540 17.39 32.30 --**

3 280x225x105 1.2230 18.66 27.17 --**

1 : 6 ratio

6 565x225x105 1.6800 20.80 37.40 503.10

5 470x225x105 1.9500 13.51 43.50 278.70

4 375x225x105 1.5000 7.53 33.34 835.90

3 280x225x105 1.3220 18.18 29.40 --**

4" blocks

2 440x400x100 2.0240 10.29 61.88 649.80

3 660x400x100 1.4300 6.10 43.62 369.90

6" blocks

2 440x400x150 2.0000 5.89 60.79 1024.00

3 660x400x150 2.7750 3.11 84.35 816.80

8" blocks

2 440x400x200 1.6000 3.55 46.52 623.00

3 660x400x200 2.4970 4.95 72.58 689.40

**elastic modulus not measured


The masonry efficiency was found to be higher in general for prisms of concrete block compared to brick masonry prisms for varying h/t ratio.

The masonry efficiency of table moulded brick prism for 1:6 ratio was found to be higher for varying h/t ratio compared to table moulded brick prism of 1:5 ratio.

The average prism strength of Table moulded prism was found to be higher for varying h/t ratio for intermediate mortar i.e,1:6 table moulded prisms when compared with 1:5 table moulded prisms.

The prism strength of the table moulded brick prism has increased with increase in h/t ratio, This has to be further investigated. The same trend was observed for TMB prism for 1:5 ratio and 1:6 ratio cement mortar. The reason attributed is maybe due to the variation in property of bricks(. More number of specimens have to be tested under control conditions to arrive at reliable results

The average masonry efficiency increased with increase in height-to-thickness ratio for both 1:5 and 1:6 cement mortar. Further investigations have to be carried out for consistency and repeatability of results.

The elastic modulus of table moulded brick prism decreased with increase in height-to-thickness ratio.


The prism strength for concrete blocks decreased with increase in height-to-thickness ratio. The average masonry efficiency of block masonry prisms decreased with increase in h/t ratio. The elastic modulus of block prisms decreased with increase in h/t ratio.

Scope for further studies

An attempt was made in the present study to study variation of prism strength for varying height, more experimental investigations still need to carried out for repeatability and consistency of obtained experimental values

The variation of prism strength can be extended by considering other factors such as loading rate, stack vs. running bond, capping effect, age(7 day vs 28 day strength) etc

The prisms were tested with concentric loading condition in present study. The effect of eccentrically loaded masonry prism strength variation for varying height to thickness can be considered for further studies

More specimens have to tested to arrive at reliable results and in controlled conditions

Stress- strain characteristics of grouted concrete masonry prism can be studied by varying the h/t ratio.

22. A STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF USED GREEN SAND AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT CONCRETE

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : MRS. JYOTHI T. K. STUDENTS : ARUN D. NAVEEN KUMAR R. PRADEEP S. KANKERI

Introduction

The raw sand is normally of a higher quality than the typical bank run or natural sands used in fill construction sites. The sands form the outer shape of the mould cavity. These sands normally rely upon a small amount of bentonite clay to act as the binder material. Chemical

binders are also used to create sand “cores”. Depending upon the geometry of the casting, sands cores are inserted into the mould cavity to form internal passages for the molten metal. Once the metal has solidified, the casting is separated from

the moulding and core sands in the shakeout process. In the casting process, moulding sands are recycled and reused multiple times (about 100 times) [2]. Eventually, however, the recycled sand degrades to the point that it can no longer be reused in the casting process. At that point, the old sand is displaced from the cycle as byproduct, new sand is introduced, and the cycle begins again.

Industry estimates that, for every ton of finished casting 3 to 6 tons of foundry sand is required. Out of which 10% of the casting sand used cannot be recovered after recycling and is discarded as waste.

About 90% of green sand casting involves the use of silica sand as base sand [3].

Objective

The main objective of testing was to know the behavior of concrete with replacement of river sand with green sand at room temperature.

The main parameter studied was compressive strength. The materials used for casting concrete samples along with tested results are described.

Methodology

Cement : IS mark 53grade cement (Brand- Birla super) was used for all concrete mixes. The cement used was fresh and without any lumps. Testing of cement was done as per IS:.12269-1987

Coarse aggregates : Locally available coarse aggregates having the maximum size of 20mm were used in the present work. Testing of coarse aggregates was done as per IS: 383-1970[6]. 20mm aggregates were firstly sieved through 20mm sieve and then through 4.75mm. They were then washed to remove dust and dirt and were dried to surface dry condition.

Fine Aggregate : The sand used for the experimental programme was locally procured and conformed to grading zone II as per IS: 383-1970 The sand was first sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles greater than 4.75 mm and then was washed to remove the dust.

Green sand : Investigations were made on green sand procured from “Bangalore Foundries”, Kengeri, Bangalore, Karnataka

A concrete super plasticizer based on Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymer was used as a water-reducing admixture and to improve the workability of concrete containing green sand. Conplast - SP 430 has been specially formulated to give high water reductions up to 25% without loss of workability or to produce high quality concrete of reduced permeability. Conplast -


SP 430 is non-toxic. The dosage of super plasticizer varied from 2 to 3% by weight of cement in plain concrete and concrete incorporating green sand respectively.

Moulds Cubical mould of size 150mm*150mm*150mm were used to prepare the concrete specimens for the determination of compressive strength of green sand concrete at various replacement levels.

Mix Design : The proportions for the concrete, as determined were 0.418:1:1.88:3.315 for control mix and 0.417:1:1.759:3.419 for sand replacement.

Result

Compressive strength: The values of compressive strength of various mixes with different replacement levels of green sand contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 35% and100%) at the end of different curing periods (14 days, 28 days) were investigated.

The compressive strength of concrete mixtures with 10%, 20% and 30 % and 35% of green sand as sand replacement was higher than the control mixture (M-1) at all ages and that the strength of all mixtures continued to increase with the age.

The compressive strength increases with the increase in green sand. The compressive strength increases by 0.52 %, 2.35 %, 7.12 % & 10.71% when compared to ordinary mix without green sand at 14-days.

The compressive strength variation with respect to percentage replacement of sand with green sand. Compressive strength at 28 days increases by 1.81%, 4.54%, 9.46% & 11.59% compared to ordinary mix.

Conclusion

Compressive strength of concrete increased with the increase in sand replacement with different replacement levels of green sand. Every replacement level of fine aggregate with green sand, an increase in strength was observed with the increase in age.

The Compressive strength increased by 0.52 %, 2.35 %, 7.12 % & 10.71% compared to ordinary mix for 10%,20%,30% & 35% at 14 days for replacements upto35%.

The compressive strength increased by 1.81%, 4.54%, 9.46% & 11.59% when compared to ordinary mix for 10%,20%,30% & 35% at 28-days for replacements upto35%.

Compressive strength values were established for different levels of replacement of fine aggregate with green sand upto 35%.

Scope for further work

Green sand replacement above 35% as a fine aggregate can be tried out to establish further results and also to know the maximum replacement level with strength considerations taken into account.

Effect of green sand in cement concrete as a fine aggregate replacement on modulus of elasticity and tensile strength can be investigated.

Long term durability aspects could be ascertained. Strength characteristics of concrete specimens

subjected to prolonged curing periods could be studied.

23. CHARACTERISATION OF POND ASH FROM RTPS AND ASSESMENT OF ITS PROPERTIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE WHEN USED AS FINE AGGEREGATE

COLLEGE : GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MS. BHARATHI GANESH STUDENTS : HARISH C. MAGADI KEMPEGOWDA PRASHANTH KUMAR S. NAIKAR BHARATH K.

Introduction

Fly ash is a by product generated from the process of coal combustion at high temperature over 1600º C at the coal-fired power plants. Uncollected finer and coarser particles of fly ash and bottom ash are mixed with water and pumped out in slurry from to large pond and hence known as pond ash. Pond ash found to contain both reactive small particles and non reactive or poorly reactive large particles.

On storage of pond ash has spread across thousands of hectares, leading to land degradation, loss of soil fertilities and other environmental hazards on the other side availability of sand is decreasing day by day. Hence pond ash a waste materials, if suitable for concrete, Supplements shortage of fine aggregate (river sand), reduces the demand for disposal of thermal power plant utilization of waste in construction industry.

Hence this experimental study is aimed at testing the suitability of using pond ash as fine aggregate in Concrete.

Methodology

In this experimental study, suitability of using pond as fine aggregate in concrete has studied by conducting


test on compressive strength for various proportions of Pond ash as fine aggregate. Cement in concrete is one of the key binding materials in Masonry construction.

Scope of the study

Studying properties of materials used for selected mix of concrete.

Casting of concrete cubes as per standards.

Testing cubes for compressive strength as per standards.

Tabulating results and discussion.

Arriving at a rational conclusion.

In this experimental study a comparative study of the strength of M30 grade concrete obtained with the standard composition and replacing fine aggregate part of it with various percentages of ponds Ash. Based on the results, suitability of Pond ash in concrete as constituent is verified.

Experimental Investigation: In this experimental investigation concrete mix of M30 grade is considered. The mix proportion is designed based on the properties of materials selected. Fine aggregate part of the mix is replaced with 0% (control mix), 25%, 50% & 75 of pond ash. Post this, based on the results obtained suitability of Pond ash as constituent is discussed.

During this experiment concrete cubes are cast for M30 grades of concrete mix. The size of specimen cast is (150×150×150) mm.

The testing of compressive strength of specimen of each mix at curing period of 3days, 7days and 28days as per IS 516-1959 Reaff in 1999 and is carried out and is compared with standard values.

Contributing to Sustainable Construction.

To overcome the shortage of natural sand in the market.

Effective utilization of industrial byproduct reducing the huge requirement of land for disposal of pond Ash.

Effective utilization in larger quantity of Pond Ash if used as an ingredient in concrete a second largest consumed material world wide.

Application

Pond ash in construction industry is found suitable for applications in various fields of construction such as in sintered applications, geotechnical applications, and structural fill, clay-fly ash bricks (burnt type), agricultural applications, etc.

Conclusions

Pond Ash

From the characterization of Pond Ash the following conclusions are made.

Physical properties of pond ash sample shown that it is lighter than sand.

Chemical characteristics of pond ash satisfy the codal requirements.

Pond ash conforms to zone II

Concrete: From the result and discussions of result of the experimental study conducted on selected concrete mixes the following conclusions are made.

The replacement of sand with 25% of pond ash for M30 grade concrete shows that strength of the mix at 28 days is the almost same (values very close to) as that of Control Mix.

The replacement of sand with 50 % of pond ash for M30 grade concrete show that strength of the mix at 28 days is less than that of Control Mix.

The replacement of sand with 75 % of pond ash for M30 grade concrete shows that strength of the mix at 28 days is less than that of Control Mix.

Scopes for Future Study

Characterization of Pond Ash from different sources for a study of its suitability in construction of structures.

Detailed study of mechanical properties and durability aspects of concrete, concrete with pond ash.

24. EFFECT ON HIGH RISE STRUCTURE DUE TO ADJACENT VERTICAL OPENING

COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA GUIDE : DR. A. V. PRADEEP KUMAR STUDENTS : KIRAN S. MAHABOOB BASHA M. HALESH KUMAR B. T. KHALANDER AHAMED

Introduction

Axisymmetric excavations are quite common in the construction industry; manholes, inspection or access chamber, service entrances, and excavation for bored piles or piers are mainly axisymmetric. The understanding of the mechanics of the behavior of axisymmetric excavation should also throw light on the complex three – dimensional behavior of trench headings and open pit excavation. The advancing face of a rectangular trench could be approximated as semicircular in plan, or in a further idealization


condition of axisymmetry could be assumed. Rectangular or square open pit excavations may be idealized as axisymmetric excavations as a first approximation.

In this study, the previous work on stability of axisymmetric excavations will be summarized, and the critical failure mode will be examined. A stability solution using the upper bound theorem of limit analysis will be presented for a vertical excavation of circular cross section, which has no lateral support. The un- drained shear strength of the soil either a zero or a non zero value at the ground surface, and increases linearly with depth. The soil is also assumed to satisfy the Tresca yield criterion (Ø=0). Therefore, the results presented have are only relevant to un-drained clays.

Objectives

Many structures to be built near large excavations or excavations to be carried out near heavy structures. So, there is a need for analysis regarding soil characteristics pattern of load distribution due to the foundation of structures

The understanding of the mechanics of behavior of axisymmetric excavations is very important considering the safety aspects while advancing the excavation.

To study the collapse behavior of axisymmetric excavations on granular soil.

To study the effect of vertical circular opening in granular soil (c=0) and general soil (c-ø)

Methodology

The stability of vertical circular openings in sand as a specific case. The stability studies was carried out in the laboratory by using a test bed. A test bed of 900mm x 900mm x 900mm is fabricated with one of its side fitted with 12mm toughened unbreakable glass and the joints are sealed by using polysulphide sealant as shown in figure that is available.

An appropriate reaction type loading is fabricated using which we can apply up to 5000N of loading. Well graded sand is used for the test. PVC pipes are used to create semi-circular openings. A plastic sheet is inserted between plastic pipe and sand in order to facilitate easy removal of plastic pipe without causing any damage to the filled sand. Moist sand is used in the test bed, In order to see that the walls remain intact after the removal of pipe.


For small diameter openings in moist sand the collapse of side walls is not observed. When it collapses under variation of moisture content the collapse would have influenced to an extent of up to three times the diameter of the openings. Beyond this influence zone surface loading of the soil would not contribute to the collapse of the opening that is sand loaded at a distance more than the three times the diameter of unsupported vertical circular opening the load would not cause or trigger the failure .

As the diameter of the opening increases the zone of Influence also increases. Also it is observed a smaller load on the surface would trigger failure. This is because at a smaller diameter arching of sand would occur which would prevent the collapse of side walls.

Scope for Future work

The study is carried out on limited number of openings however the study can be carried with different openings. The density of the soil can be varied. The study is limited to particular type of sand but the type of sand can varied. The measurement pressure in the openings created is not measured however that can be measured which helps in the analysis of development of cracks.

25. MANEGEMENT OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN BELGAUM DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY

COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. RAVIKIRAN B. GADAG STUDENTS : ANAND HULAGABALI MEGHA HALAWAI SHAMALA HEBBAL UMESH ACHAREKAR

Biomedical waste management is receiving greater attention due to recent regulations of the Biomedical Wastes (Management & Handling Rules, 1998).


Inadequate management of biomedical waste can be associated with risks to healthcare workers, patients, communities and their environment. The present study was conducted to assess the quantities and proportions of different constituents of wastes, their handling, treatment and disposal methods in different health-care settings. Various health care units were surveyed using a survey questionnaire for waste management. This questionnaire was obtained from the Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST), with the aim of assessing the processing systems for biomedical waste disposal. Hazards associated with poor biomedical waste management and shortcomings in the existing system were identified. The development of waste management policies, plans, and protocols are recommended, in addition to establishing training programs on proper waste management for all healthcare workers.

Objectives

To identify the total number of hospitals and private clinics in the Belgaum district including labs, dental clinics etc.

To find the quantity of bio-medical waste generation per day in Belgaum district.

Critical evaluation of existing management practices of bio-medical waste in leading health care centers in Belgaum district.

To segregate the bio-medical wastes into infectious and non-infectious wastes and to find the quantity and present disposal methods.

To create awareness to the staff and the general public about the responsibilities and risks involved in dealing with highly dangerous BMWs.

Methodology

The Hospitals information of Belgaum is collected from the District Health Office, Belgaum and information of other Taluka places is collected from the respective Taluka panchayat office.

In the month of January survey was carried out using questionnaire and required data as per questionnaire was obtained from the hospitals mentioned above.

The given data was cross checked with practices of handling and disposal of Bio medical waste in respective Hospitals. And also data was compared with the standards given by Bio medical waste management Rules 1998.

Disposal sites of the various hospitals was observed and in the hospitals where proper disposal was not followed, the standard instructions were given to the in charge authority on storage, handling, transportation and disposal of the waste as per Biomedical waste management rules 1998(Ministry Of Environment And Forestry).

Analysis of total waste generated and total bio medical waste generated in the hospitals from each taluka was done.

Approximately 100 Kgs of total Biomedical waste per day of each taluka from other health units like clinics, veterinary hospitals, dispensaries; laboratories were considered which was not a part of survey.

Conclusions

The total number of hospitals in Belgaum city is 47, the number of clinics is 208, and number of nursing homes is 78.

The total number of hospitals in Gokak is 40, Athani is 25, Bailhongal is 14, Chikkodi is 20, Hukkeri is 1, Ramdurg is 25, Raibag is 15, and Saundatti is 16.

The total biomedical waste generated from Belgaum district is 10936.7kgs.

the total infectious waste generated from belgaum district is 1640.5kgs.

At KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, total biomedical waste generated is 1900kgs per day and total infectious waste generated is 385kgs per day which is collected, stored in separate color bins and disposed by incinerators which is situated in the hospital vicinity only.

The total biomedical waste generated from belgaum city is 2166kgs. (excluding KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum)

The total infectious waste generated from Belgaum city is 324.9 kgs (excluding KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum) is disposed in a incinerator which is located at khasbhag area of Belgaum.

In almost all the hospitals of Belgaum district, proper training and awareness about storage, handling, transportation and disposal of the waste is not given to the workers.

Total infectious waste generated around 1151 kg/day

The wastes from all the talukas are disposed usually in trenches without proper training and in unscientific way.


Incinerator is designed for different talukas of Belgaum of capacity 100kg/hour.

Four dual incinerators are provided at Gokak, Chikkodi, Athani and Saundatti, other nearby talukas can dispose the biomedical waste to the nearby incinerator.

Total quantity of waste generated in Bailhongal is 694.46kgs/day out of which 105.5 kg/day of infectious waste and no other talukas which are nearer to this taluka. So waste should be buried in deep burial trench in scientific way.

Wastes generated from Khanapur taluk can be incinerated in khasbhag incinerator in Belgaum city, since the distance from khanapur to Belgaum is just 20 kms.

Scope for Future Study

In depth study of liquid waste coming from hospitals could be studied with various physical characteristics.

The harmful gasses coming out from the chimneys of the incinerators can be taken into consideration and can be studied in depth.

26. MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF FLOW THROUGH BOX CULVERT AS CANAL OUTLET

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : DR. T. GANGADHARAIAH STUDENTS : GURUDATH N. MADHU M.S. SUHAS S. VIJAYA KUMAR R.

Introduction

Hemavathi canal network runs throughout the district of Tumkur. The entire system of main canal, branch canal and the culverts associated with the connection of these canals are designed for a certain realistic value of peak discharge that must pass through them. This helps to provide sufficient supply of water to the needy. The members of Hemavathi Canal Division who decides and control the flow through culverts referred to S.I.T with a problem of discharge measurement-methodology associated with these culverts. The problem is to know how much quantity of water is flowing into the branch canal from the main. The gates of the culverts are being operated without knowing the exact discharge. They want a fixed quantity of discharge to pass through, irrespective of water levels in main and branch canal. Task to calibrate these culverts and to modify to give a discharge independent of the difference in levels of water was

aimed in the present investigation. To understand the problems, a visit was made to one of the canal outlets near Bellavi which is around 25km away from Tumkur. The water was getting deviated to the branch from the main. Whenever head in the main canal increases operation of gates were adjusted so that discharge into the outlets do not exceed the safe capacity of the channel downstream.

Objective

To develop methodology to quantify the discharge through culverts and also to modify the culvert geometry to assure constant discharge into canal irrespective of levels in main and branch canals.

Methodology

A flume in laboratory is modified to represent the field canal systems with culverts to scale of 1 in 20. Through this canal a distributary gets diverted at right angle. A steel box pipe of length 300mm and having equal sides of 70mm is used as a box culvert. It connects branch canal to the main canal. A gate has been provided at the upstream side of box culvert to regulate the flow. A fixed barrier of 80mm deep is constructed across the main canal in order to control water level in the canal. Fig below shows the plan of the laboratory model.

Here, Qc = Discharge in the canal

Qm = Discharge in the main canal

Qb = Discharge in the branch canal

(a) Plan view

(b) Photographic view


Flow measurements

A constant discharge Qc is made to pass through the canal. At junction where branch canal connected to the main canal, the flow gets distributed such that Qb amount of water gets into the branch and Qm amount of water gets through the main.

Generally, along the branch canal heading up of water takes place may be due to some obstruction down the canal or may be due to any other culverts across the canal in its length. It is assumed that this heading up in turn increases the head in main canal by a smaller amount. Hence, the behavior of the flow through culverts under different heights of barrier is examined. Barrier heights of 0.2b (15mm), 0.42b (30mm), 0.64b (45mm), 0.85b (60mm), b (75mm) and 1.28b (90mm) are used here (where, b is the culvert height).

The behavior is analyzed for four different gate openings namely 100, 75, 50 and 25% of gate openings. A constant discharge Qc is allowed in the canal. A barrier of height 15mm is placed in the downstream side. The depth of the water in the main canal hm and depth near the downstream face of the culvert in the branch canal hb is measured by point gauges. The discharge in the branch (Qb) and main (Qm) is measured with the help of 900 V-notches. The procedure is repeated for the barriers of different heights. Now the discharge in the canal Qc is reduced and the measurements are taken for 5 variations of discharge.

The behavior is also analyzed with no barrier at the downstream and for the maximum heads in the main canal. Therefore barriers of 30mm, 60mm and 90mm are provided to get the maximum head in the main canal. Discharge and head measurements are taken as detailed above.

Modification of culvert geometry: Discharge in box culvert was found to be functioning of difference in levels between upstream and downstream of water levels and box culvert geometry. Aim is to modify the culvert geometry to achieve discharge to be independent of downstream water level in the first case. In the second case discharge in the culvert to be independent of both levels in main canal and branch canal. To achieve this idea first venturi section is introduced in to the box culverts. This resulted in some improvement in the results. Later orifice type modification is carried out. This resulted, still improvement in the form of unique curve for the different variations of difference in upstream and downstream water levels. In the field both box and circular shaped culverts are used. Modeling of both shapes are tried in the laboratory.

Analysis of experimental results: The discharge relation curve is different for different gate openings. By taking appropriate dimensions of gate openings single curve for different gate openings are presented. The discharge relation for orifice curve indicates clearly that the discharge is independent of downstream water level variations.

Conclusions

Hemavathi canal outlets needed method to predict the discharge through. With this in view, two shapes which are in use in Hemavathi canal system are selected. They are box culvert square in shape and circular culvert. Models are built to a scale and installed in hydraulic laboratory. Discharge through these outlets is measured and are correlated with flow geometry at outlet of culverts and depth ratio between main and branch canal. An attempt to merge these discharge relation has been carried out.

Modification of these culverts was taken to achieve independence in outlet discharge from that of main canal. Towards this modification in a form venturi type shape and introduction of orifice at the centre of the culverts was taken. venturimetre type culverts gave indications that discharge may be made constant for certain variation in depth ratio but with different curves for different gate openings. Orifice gate outlets showed a single correlation curves for all gate openings. This is considered as an improvement in comparison to venturi type modification and culverts without modification in geometry.

Future work

The present modification in canal outlet geometry indicated to achieve a unique correlation curve for discharge measurement. Aim is to achieve the canal outlet discharge should remain constant and independent of discharge in main canal. This aim is yet to achieve.

27. STUDY OF THE STATUS OF DRINKING WATER IN DODDERI GRAM PANCHAYAT OF CHALLEKERE TALUK, CHITRADURGA DISTRICT USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDES : MR. C. H. HALASWAMY, DR. SGS SWAMY AND MR. U. T. VIJAY STUDENTS : HARISH KUMAR B. S. MONIKA S. DILEEP B. C. DANDAPANI K. M.

Introduction

The present study is an attempt to investigate the drinking water facilities in Dodderi Gram Panchayat,


Challekere taluk, Chikmagalure district by using advanced scientific technologies like Geographic Information System(GIS), Global Positioning System(GPS) and Remote Sensing(RS). The characteristics of drinking water are known with the help of certain tests conducted in the laboratory. The results of the study conducted on the quantity and quality of water samples might serve as a first hand information to user agencies like Panchayat Raj Engineering Departments, Zilla Panchayat and District Administration for better planning, monitoring and implementation of various development activities on providing safe and adequate drinking water for rural areas.

Dodderi Grama panhayath in Challakere taluk from Chitradurga District having considerable number of Bore Wells with varying in Geographical location, Temperature, rainfall, soil type and facing acute drinking water problems on both quantity and quality has been taken up for study. The study involves Physical survey, GPS survey, hydro-geological data collection, capturing photographs on the one hand and spatial database creation, hyper linking the images or photographs in the other hand. Study of status on these Bore Wells will be carried out in a phased manner over the period of 3 months.

Objectives

To survey and map the location of various drinking water facilities such as Bore Wells, Mini water supply schemes, piped water supply schemes and natural sources of drinking water using GPS technology.

To create the digital database both spatial and non spatial database on various parameters and hyperlink the present photographs using Geospatial technology.

To assess the present status, yielding capacity of different drinking water facilities.

To ascertain the status and sources of pollution and analyze the water quality which involves the analysis of physio-chemical parameters of water quality for different uses.

To study the hydrological behavior of different Bore Wells by comparing the status Bore Wells of different agro-climatic areas

To provide scientific remedial measures for rejuvenation based on its location, physical status, geo-hydrological status, Water quality and its usage.

To predict the problems arising due to continuous usage of the ground water, soil and surface water for the agriculture.

To assess the status of Bore Wells the following important data details were collected to achieve the optimum ground water recharge

Geographical location of various drinking water facilities

Physiographic or Topography of the Area (Slope, aspect and altitude).

Geo- hydrology and geomorphology of the area.

Land use and land cover of the area with Soil type, depth and erosion.

Rainfall and Climate of the area.

Water quality analysis as per standards.

Drainage and hydrograph monitoring stations of Chitradurga District.

Methodology

The following Flow Chart is showing the methodology of the study:

Phases of the study

Surveying and mapping the location of Bore Wells using GPS


Creation of digital database on both spatial and non spatial data of the Bore Wells along with hyper-linking of photographs using GIS and Remote Sensing.

Linking, integration and Superimposition of different layers for Analysis- Rainfall-runoff analysis, Assessment of Yield, water quality analysis, etc

Evaluation of Morphological and geo-hydrological parameters to assess the status of Bore Wells.

To ascertain the status and sources of pollution of tanks and analyze the quality of water which involves the analysis of physiochemical parameters of water for different uses such as pH, TDS, turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Nitrates, fluorides, chlorides and others will be measured.

To suggest the various scientific remedial measures for Conservation of Water on sustainable basis to enhance the storage of water for different uses and ground water recharge.

Development of Bore well Information System

Discussion about the results with concerned officials and incorporating the feed back in the final reports.

Data used

Topographical Maps: 1:50,000 scale maps prepared by the Survey of India Maps

Satellite Imagery: The imagery was used to locate the location of Bore Wells is downloaded from Google Earth Imageries.

Surface water bodies map with Road network maps from Zilla Panchayat office, Chitradurga.

Thematic maps like Soil, Slope, Geology, LU/LC, Hydro geo-morphology and Administrative boundary maps from District NRDMS centre, , ZP Chitradurga and State NRDMS Centre, NRDMS, KSCST, IISc, Bangalore.

Statistical data collected from DSO Office, Chitradurga and District NRDMS centre, ZP Chitradurga.

Thematic Maps:

Transport Network and Revenue Map: This map shows the communication network with the Village and Taluk boundaries.

Drainage and Tank Maps: The drainage network with different tanks, sub water shed boundaries is indicated.

Hydrogeomorphological Maps: The lineaments and ground patterns are shown in the maps.

Geological Formation Maps: This map shows the Rock formation and physical characteristics of the land.

Land Use and Land Cover Maps: This map shows the important terrains parameters in understanding the land utilization area.

Slope Maps: This map generally, shows the closed spaced contours indicate the highest percentage of slope as compared to sparse contours in the same area.

Soil Maps: This map shows the soil formations. Soils are the major ingredients of the agricultural production system. The potentials and limitations of a soil for agricultural and various other uses and its response to fertilizers and irrigation are determined by the soil characteristics, which are to


a large measure and expressed by taxonomic classes.

Conclusion

The present work has been undertaken with a view to appraise several geological, geophysical and hydro-geomorphologic characteristics for assessing the availability of surface water resources, in particular the minor irrigation tanks, along with water quality for different uses to develop suitable management plans for using GIS and Remote sensing techniques.

This study would be a gateway for further exploration of surface water and groundwater in the basin to meet the requirements of the area. In the present context, there is a need for proper utilization and management of water in the minor irrigation tanks, which could not only suffice the requirements but also enhance the groundwater potential.

28. STABILISATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL BY USING BRIQUETTE FUEL ASH MADE OF BLENDED GROUNDNUT SHELL HUSK, COFFEE HUSK AND RICE HUSK

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : SRI G. MAHESH KUMAR STUDENTS : BASIL SKARIA SABARI S. VEENA R. N. PALLAVI G. B.

Introduction

Black cotton soils generally occur in arid and semi-arid regions. They show very high swell-shrink behavior with variation in moisture content and make them unsuitable as foundation soils and earth construction material. Black-cotton soil at high densities generally has closer inter-particle spacing. This increases the long range inter-particle repulsion force and the swelling capacity. The reaction between the lime and clay in the presence of water is in the form of two district processes. Rapid Physicochemical reactions between the lime and the clay minerals known as modification. Long-term soil lime Pozzolanic reactions known as stabilization. Modification occurs immediately due to the cat ion exchange process between the ions of the soil and the lime. Stabilization generally occurs slowly and is related to the formation of cementing agents that will increase the strength and durability. Generally lime increases the pH resulting in the solubility of siliceous and aluminous

compounds. These compounds react with silicate to form calcium silicate hydrate and the aluminates hydrate gels that coat the soil particles and subsequently crystallize to bond them. This process is relatively slow because the lime has to diffuse through the soil structure.

Methodology

The growing cost stabilizing agents and the need for the economic utilization of Industrial and agricultural waste for beneficial engineering purposes has prompted an investigation into the stabilizing potential of briquette fuel made of blended ground nut shell, rice husk and coffee husk. Gayathri biofuels manufactures briquetted fuel that has high density (1200Kg/m3) and bulk density (800Kg/m3). This briquetted fuel is used by a number of companies to power production processes. The briquette fuel ash was collected and analyzed fuel.


Black cotton soils when blended with briquette fuel ash are very promising to improve the geotechnical properties. This will provide solution for the use of locally available black cotton soil. The presence of reactive blended briquette fuel ash is expected to modify the properties of the black cotton soils due to Pozzolanic reactions.

Specific gravity of BC soil decreased with the addition of briquette fuel ash .The specific gravity of the soil has been decreased gradually upto 2%, beyond this limits specific gravity value has drastically reduced.

Liquid limit and shrinkage limit of black cotton soil is decreasing gradually with the addition of ash upto 4%, beyond which steeply reduced upto 8% of ash.

Plasticity index of soil is decreasing with the addition of briquette fuel ash .This shows that the plastic properties of the soil are decreasing with the addition of briquette fuel ash.

Maximum dry density (MDD) is observed at 2% addition of briquette fuel ash. Further addition of ash MDD value decreased. By this it indicates that the optimum value of briquette fuel ash is 2%.

The strength of black cotton soil increasing with the addition of ash upto 6%

It can conclude that the compaction and strength characteristics of BC soil are optimum at 2% of briquette fuel ash.


It is proposed to conduct consolidation experiments and swelling pressure experiments for BC soil and also BC soil added with briquette fuel ash admixture.


29. FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL LEACHATE USING DUAL MEDIA UP FLOW REACTORS

COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : DR. B. T. SURESH BABU STUDENTS : ARJUN KUMAR B. DEEPTHI RAI M. DEEPU AUGUSTINE GREESHMA B. K.

Introduction

Leachate is a liquid Waste generated from Solid Waste Landfill area In order to evaluate a viable and economical treatment of Leachate generating from Sanitary Landfill, laboratory experiments were conducted by using three different types of Up-flow Reactors with low cost waste residual materials like, Lateritic granules and Sugarcane Bagasse as adsorbent media in the treatment of Leachate.

The main objective of this project work, is to study the treatment feasibilities of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate, using Bagasse-Laterite as a Dual media adsorbents through Up-flow Reactors.

Objectives

Study on Leachate generation and collection of sample at Solid Waste disposal site.

Quantitative and Qualitative analysis to know the various Chemical parameters like, pH, Turbidity, EC, TDS, Total Settleable Solids, Total alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chlorides, Sulphates and BOD.

Treatment feasibility studies on Leachate are to be carried out using pre-fabricated Dual media Up-flow Reactors.

Evaluation of results and finding out the efficiency of reactors in the treatment of Leachate.

Materials and Methodology

The leachate generation and its characteristics are mainly based on rainfall, surface water runoff, rainwater percolation through wastes, groundwater inflow etc. in and around disposal site along with biological decomposition of solid waste. The production is generally high whenever the waste is less compacted. The development of design parameters for any type of treatment system requires laboratory or pilot plant investigations. In

this, laboratory studies were made by providing three different types of Up-flow reactors/filters (R1, R2 and R3

) in the treatment of landfill leachate using low cost residuals of lateritic granules and sugar cane bagasse as adsorbents.

Laterite: Laterite is an old term for heavily weathered subsoil, rich in oxides of iron, aluminium, or both, ranging from reddish yellow to dark brownish red in colour. It is generally available in coastal regions. They are porous in nature and act as a good adsorbent media used in these studies. The material is oftenly used as building blocks.

Bagasse: Bagasse is the fiber left over after the juice has been squeezed out of sugarcane stalks. As biomass, it holds promise as a fuel source since it can produce more than enough heat energy to supply the needs of a common sugar mill.

Collection of Leachate and Treatment Methodology:

Experimental setup is made in the laboratory to treat the leachate using up-flow reactors are given below. The reactors were feeded with raw leachate at a loading rate of 2 l/hr and treated samples of 5litre, 10litre, 15litre and 20litre are collected from each reactors and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium and Magnesium, Chlorides, Sulphates and BOD as per standard methods.

Collection of leachate


Lateritic granules (4.75-2.36mm)

Bagasse Fibers

Collection of leachate and preparation of adsorbents

Results

Measurement of leachate at landfill: The generation of leachate at disposal site varies with respect to the season. The quantity, discharge and production of leachate is measured at site before collecting samples, required for the study. About 40-50 liters of leachate samples are collecting each time used in the treatment problems.

Quantity of leachate measured at landfill site

Sl. No.

Leachate Month Quantity generated

liter/hour liter/day

1. Sample 1 October 35.7 857.14

2. Sample 2 February 24.0 576.0

3. Sample 3 April 22.5 540.0

4. Sample 4 April 30.0 720.0

pH value: It is observed that pH value of raw waste water was in the range of 7.8 to 9.04. The pH value from the reactors R1 and R3 reduced from 8.04 to 7.08 and considerable decrease is observed i.e, 8.04 to 6.53 in reactor R2 because of sugar cane bagasse as an adsorbent.

Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids: It is observed that reactors R1 and R3 are showing reduction in Electrical conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids values i.e, 4487 to 3105µmh,But particularly were, R2 having sugar cane bagasse used as an adsorbent showing increased value than the original raw leachat i.e., 4487 to 4886µmho/cm .

Total Hardness and Total Alkalinity: It is observed that the hardness value in treated leachate in all reactors increased from 400 to 2100 mg/l. In reactors R1 and R2 was increased from 400 to 1000mg/l. In reactor R3 the value of hardness increased to 400 to 2100 mg/l. It is observed Total alkalinity is reduced in R1 and R3 from 1200 to 600 mg/l and in the reactor R2 it contains fully bagasse the alkalinity value is increased 1300 and not much variations. Chlorides and Sulphates.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): The raw leachate is collected from the disposal site is treated with reactor R1 , R2 and R3 and the influent and effluents are analysed using BOD incubator for three days @ 28ºC. Dilution method of analysis is followed as per standard methods. It is observed that reactor R1

and R3 showing reduced in BOD concentration and R2

showing increase in concentration of BOD.

Conclusions

Generation of leachate is more during rainy season than pre and post monsoon due to infiltration of rain water into the solid waste landfill area.


The experimental studies reveal that the sugar cane bagasse is not suitable as an adsorbent media compared to laterite media in the treatment of leachate.

Also it is observed that the laterite media act as a good adsorbent in case of Reactor R1 and R3, where laterite is filled completely and partially.

It is observed that sulphates values are increased in treated leachate from R1 and R3 may be because of laterite will release the sulphates content into treated leachate simultaneously the pH values decreases.

Sugar cane bagasse media in R2 and R3 fully and partially, increase in the value of EC,TDS, Total alkalinity, Total Hardness and chlorides, because interference of residual dissolved organic matter present in the bagasse diffused into leachate treatment may be the cause.


The pollutant parameters Nitrates, Chemical Oxygen Demand and heavy metals like Iron, Lead, Chromium, Mercury, etc., can be analyzed using same treatment techniques.

Use of other low cost adsorbent materials like, Brick bats, Broken Mangalore tile pieces of varying size, etc., can be used.

Use of laterite granules in varying size can be studied using same reactors.

30. ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF LATERITE ARCHES IN FOUNDATIONS

COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : PROF. GANESH MOGAVEERA STUDENTS : DEEPTHI M. V. DURGAPRASAD K. M. MAHESHA SUNIL KUMAR B. HEGDE

Introduction

Arch can be defined as a beam, which is curved in the lateral direction. Arches are pre-dominantly subjected to compressive stresses. The bending moment and shear acting over the cross section of the arches are considerably smaller compared to that of beams of same span and carrying the same load. Arches are constructed using variety of materials. Arches are known since ancient times and have been used extensively for the construction of bridges. There are several thousand masonry arch road bridges throughout the world,

ranging from small span to long multi-span structures. These bridges have given excellent service in terms of strength and durability. Arches have also been used to withstand the structural loads above openings in place of conventional lintels.

Objectives

To study the load carrying capacity of laterite arch in residential building foundations with different mortar proportions and to compare the experimental results with software results.

Replacement of cement by laterite soil to achieve economy in construction.

Characterization (Compressive strength, water absorption & E value) of materials used for arch construction.

Studies on the load carrying capacity and deformation characteristics of arches by varying the mix proportions of mortar.

Feasibility of using arches in foundations for walls as an economical alternative to the conventional spread footings.

Methodology

Sample collection: The Laterite soil samples used for this study were collected at a depth of 1.5 metres from a burrow pit.

Basic materials : Ultra-tech brand ordinary Portland cement confirming to 43 grade was used for the work. Naturally occurring clean sand was obtained from river Kumaradhara and clean tap water fit for drinking purpose was used in the mortar preparation.

Locally available laterite soil was the primary material used in this study. Besides that, for cement soil mortar mix purposes, Type I ordinary Portland cement, river sand, were used. Normal tap water (pH = 6.9) was used for both mortar joint and curing purposes.

Selection of laterite stone : The RAM selected the four quarry from near by location and collected 40 stones from each quarry and did conduct the rest like water absorption test, compression test in dry and wet state. In this it found that sulayapadau quarry stone is good for use.

Experimental investigations were done on the following

Compressive strength of laterite stone blocks

Compressive strength of cement mortar cubes

Chemical analysis


Water Transportation studies

A simple experiment was devised to study the moisture loss from mortar under various situations.

The oven-dry stones used in the experiment are soaked in water for varying duration like 5min, 10 min, 15min, 20min, 25min, and 30min.etc.

The partially saturated laterite stone is covered with fresh mortar to a thickness of 10mm on top and another similarly saturated laterite stone is kept on the mortar.

A small amount of mortar is to be placed in the polythene bag in order to study the hydration properties of the mortar.

The top laterite stone is removed after one hour and the mortar is scooped out to measure its moisture content. Also the mortar is scooped out from the polythene bag and placed in the container to note down the dry weight that is used to calculate moisture content. These steps have to be repeated 3 times.

Construction of arch foundations

The construction procedure of arch in foundationsis given below :

(i) The construction pit is marked having the dimension of 1mx1m

(ii) Pits of suitable size are excavated for pillars at all junctions of arches. The size of the pits depends on the load acting on the soil characteristics. A minimum pit size of 1m x 1m x 1m should be provided.

(iii) Natural ground in between the pits is trimmed to the arch shape so that crown of the arch is at the ground level. The rise of the arch should be as high as is feasible to keep horizontal thrust low. If the crown of arch is required at a higher level than ground level than suitable mud formwork has to be prepared for the arches.

(iv) In the excavated pits stone masonry pillars up to springing level are constructed over 1:4:8 cement concrete of thickness 150mm.

(v) Arch of designed thickness is constructed by placing the laterite stones radially on the prepared surface starting from the springing level and proceeding towards the crown. The arch is constructed in suitable cement concrete proportion.

(vi) Spandrel walls are constructed up to springing level.

(vii) A plinth beam is generally provided to control settlement cracks.

Conclusions

The compressive strength of laterite stone masonry increases as the strength of the laterite stone increases

Masonry compressive strength of equigranular fine- grained stones possesses higher compressive strength

The arches with very strong abutments can carry uniformly distributed loads.

Size of abutment is one of the parameters which affect the load carrying capacity of arches. A stronger abutment that is large size abutment improves the load carrying capacity of arches.

The arches with smaller size abutment are sufficient to be used as foundation for only one storied building.

Load carrying capacity of arch foundation will be greater than that of ordinary foundations.

Increase insoil content in the place of cement will reduce the load carrying capacity of arches.


Width of cracks and its pattern can be studied in future.

Soil cement mortar can be replaced by lime mortar or mud mortar.

Load carrying capacity can be studied by placing the stones along the length.

Studies can be continued by varying the parameters like length,thickness and rise of the arch.

Materials like PCC ,granite stone, bricks, stabilized soil blocks can be used for the construction of the arch.


31. ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION

COLLEGE : KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY, UDYAMBAG, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. GAJENDRA C. DESHPANDE STUDENTS : GOURAV ANVEKAR ABHISHEK JADHAV HEMANT YADAV GOURANG KULKARNI

Introduction

The primary objective is to measure the quantitative as well as qualitative performance of students in different activities such as quizzes, seminars, projects,


assignments etc. conducted as part of outcome based education under different domains and to generate useful reports.

In this Project, it intend to implement the functionalities of Outcome Based Education by measuring the performance by standards-based assessment at different levels such as Student level, Subject level, Programme (Course) level and finally at the College level, which will help the students/faculty to improve the performance of the students.

Methodology

Outcome Based Education (OBE) is an effort to improve and sharpen education of students. The OBE is a means by which today's students can implement and apply what they have learned, putting it into practice in an increasingly complex and challenging environment. The emphasis in an OBE education system is on measured outcomes rather than "inputs". Outcome may include a range of skills and knowledge. Assessment of technical aspects is based on outputs and final products while for soft skills on performance during the various sessions.

An individual’s performance can be evaluated in areas like Quizzes, Seminars, Projects, and Assignments etc in various subjects according to their respective rubrics and individual grades would be assigned at the end of the Semester. The Faculty member can give the constructive feedback to the student based on his performance. Similar activities are carried out in different departments and an Administrator at every department can generate the reports at the Course level, which can be used to generate the reports at College level.

The tool provides faculty member a customized rubric system that can be used to add, remove or modify their customized rubrics. E-mail and SMS notifications about upcoming quizzes, seminars and project submission deadlines are provided to the students and faculty members. The students can take various subject quizzes and give subject seminars, as per the schedule. The tool also provides an online forum for students to post their queries for an open discussion with college mates and faculty members.


As there is no tool to measure the performance of the students, this assessment tool provides an effective means of measuring the performance of students in various activities conducted as part of Outcome Based Education. The reports generated from assessment tool can serve as important documentation for the accreditation.


It provides a facility for the faculty to upload assignments for their respective subjects. Further the students after logging in the web based software tool can download the assignments of different subjects.

Forum can be made much more sophisticated by categorizing the posts based on the topics related to different departments.

Based on the performance of students in various activities conducted as part of Outcome Based Education, an e-certificate can be issued to the students to encourage the students.

The Statistical Information about performance of the Students.

Application of the project: The Assessment Tool can be used in Institutions which follow the Outcome Based Education (OBE) methodology.


32. STUDY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AIT CAMPUS BY ENERGY AUDIT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RETROFITS

COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : MRS. A. M. LEELA AND MRS. K. M. KAVITHA STUDENTS : NANDINI H. K. PRIYA B. S. PRASHANT JALIHAL MANJUNATHA C.

Objective

The objective of energy audit is to identify the end use of energy in building and its ECOs and as a feasibility study leading to implementation of an energy management programme. For it is not only serves to identify energy use among the various services and to identify opportunities for energy conservation. It is also a crucial first step in establishing an energy management program. The audit was also aimed to feel of the practical difficulties in carrying out the task. Energy audit is a systematic study to identify how energy is being used in a building and identifies energy savings opportunities.

Methodology

Survey of the facility and collection of data


Data Analysis

Identification of areas with high potential of conservation

Estimation of energy saving potential

Prioritization of the implementation plans

Implementation

Preparation of Energy audit report

Periodicity of the audit

The required has been data collected for the study and analysis through the following equipments:

Lux meter: Used for the measurement of luminous intensity

Clamp meter: Used for the measurement of voltage, current, power factor.

Three single phase digital energy meter: Used for taking the kWh energy consumption.

Single line diagram of AIT campus: Used to study the distributed load in the campus.

Materials used:

Electromagnetic choke

Electronic choke

Resistance regulator

Electronic regulator

Compact fluorescent light and fluorescent tube lights

CRT monitors

LCD monitors

Results

The Results obtained from Lights, Fans& Computers are consolidated here.

Measurements for lighting loads

Type of the ballast

V (Volts)

I (Amps)

Power (Watts)

P.F

FTL with magnetic ballast

228 0.33 25 0.332

FTL with electronic ballast

228 0.2 21 0.46

Measurements performed on fan loads

Ceiling fans Resistance regulator

Fan speed

V (volts) I (Amps)

Power (W)

P.F

1 220 0.25 48 0.763

2 220 0.3 58 0.878

3 220 0.35 68 0.883

4 220 0.4 79 0.897

5 220 0.42 92 0.985

Ceiling fans Electronic regulator

Fan speed V (volts) I (Amps) Power (W) P.F

1 220 0.2 36.65 0.833

2 220 0.25 47.63 0.866

3 220 0.3 57.75 0.875

4 220 0.33 64.105 0.883

5 220 0.4 80.608 0.916

Pie chart shows the energy savings of various electrical devices

Conclusion

It is observed that, there is an imbalance in the distribution of power .It is also noted that loads on all phases are not equally distributed. Due to this, a total load exceeded the maximum demand limit as sanctioned by KPTCL. This results in a heavy fine up to 30,000 /- per month along with the monthly electricity charges.


Future work

Installing solar panels for the efficient utilization of the power for lighting water

Heating & for getting power for various devices must be carried out.

Load management must be made properly

Depend upon the load the resizing of cables, switch gears to be installed.

Proper plan for equal distribution of load during the college hours.

33. MINIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSS IN DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS BY ENERGY AUDIT AND CONSERVATIVE MEASURES - A CASE STUDY

COLLEGE : HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM GUIDE : S. B. PATIL STUDENTS : IMAM HUSEN MOMIN MOHAMMAD MAHFOOZ KILLEDAR PRAVEEN KHATORE VISHAL YADAV

Introduction

The main objective of the project is to determine the energy losses in distribution system by energy audit. Analysis of distribution system using MI-POWER simulation package to minimize the losses by replacing the conductors with higher rating and bifurcation of feeders. The results are displayed using C++ program.

Field survey was conducted to assess the exact conditions of feeder loading and distribution system configurations. The distribution feeders considered predominantly supply the agricultural loads. Month wise cumulative percentage energy loss, power factor, length of line and line capacity is considered for analysis and also for changing the different types of conductors with its current carrying capacity. Improvement of efficiency of the system and reduction of losses based on simulation studies was carried out in this project work.

Every element in a power system offers resistance to power flow and consumes some energy while allowing current to flow through it. The cumulative energy consumed by all these elements is termed as Technical Loss. The distribution system in developing countries suffers from the problem of low voltage and high energy loss. The problem of the losses and voltage drop in distribution feeders dependent on each other and varies with the pattern of loading on the feeders. Total

transmission and distribution losses are about 40-50%. The major part of the loss is taking place only in distribution sector which accounts for 80-90% of total T&D losses.

To reduce the losses and to improve the system efficiency, a policy has been made

1. The Policy initiatives for Distribution Reforms are aimed at system up-gradation, loss reduction (aggregate technical and commercial losses), theft control, consumer orientation, commercialization, decentralized distributed generation and supply for rural areas, introducing competition.

2. Power losses of primary distribution system shall be between 3-5%. The maximum limits of voltage variation at the customer premises as per the Indian Electricity Rule are + 6% and - 9% at high voltage and ± 6% at low voltage.

General flow chart of proposed approach:

Graph before bifurcation of feeders

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

85% load 100% load

Perc

enta

ge L

oss

squirel

weasel

rabbit

Graph after bifurcation of feeders

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

85% load 100% load

Pe

rce

nta

ge

lo

ss

Squirrel

Weasel

Rabbit


Conclusion

Survey was conducted to assess the exact conditions of feeder loading and distribution system configurations and hence the energy losses in distribution system are determined. Analysis of distribution system using MI-POWER simulation package to minimize the losses by replacing the conductors with higher rating and bifurcation of feeders is done. Month wise cumulative percentage energy loss, power factor, length of line and line capacity is considered for analysis.

Improvement of efficiency of the system and reduction of losses based on simulation studies was carried out.

Future Scope

Optimum and economic loading on feeder can be maintained.

With increase in load the feeder can be reconductored with higher rating conductors.

Maintaining the efficiency of feeder the voltage regulation can be improved.

34. DIGITAL PWM CONTROLLER FOR A LOW POWER SWITCHING CONVERTER

COLLEGE : SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, UJIRE, DHARMASTALA GUIDE : PROF. BASAVARAJ V. MADIGGOND STUDENTS : KRATIKA R. PAI PRATIKSHA S. NAYAK PRIYA R. DIWAKAR SHRUTHI V. V.

Introduction

The digital controllers will increasingly replace currently predominant Analog controllers in high frequency switch mode supply applications.

The team has designed a digital controller for an experimental low power converter in a battery powered system with power management. A DC to DC converter which acts as a buck converter when load requirement is less than the input and it acts as boost converter when load requirement is more than the input using PWM converter technique. DC-DC converters are power electronic circuits used to change. The fixed DC to variable DC electrical power efficiently. They are needed because unlike AC, DC cannot simply be stepped up or stepped down using a transformer. In many ways, a DC-DC converter is the DC equivalent of a transformer. Two operating modes are used to maintain high efficiency over specific range of input voltages.

MOSFETs as switches. This is because modern MOSFETs make the most efficient electronic switches of high DC currents. When they are ‘off’, they are virtually an open circuit, and when they are ‘on’, they are very close to a short circuit, typically resistance of only a few milliohms.

The software implementation of the project is done using simulation software MATLAB SIMULINK. The overall aim of designing this circuit is to correct tight regulation and maintain high efficiency over a specific range of input voltages and varying load.

Methodology

The design of “Digital PWM Controller for a Low-Power Switching Converter” contains DC-DC converters and a control unit which mainly comprises of a PID regulator and a logic circuit. The digital controller configuration is shown below.

Controller Configuration

Steps followed in simulation

1. Buck converter: When the load requirement is less than the input, the DC input voltage is reduced by buck converter. A typical buck converter is shown below.

2. Boost converter: When the load requirement is greater than the input, then the boost converters are used. A typical boost converter is shown below.

3. Combining both buck converter and boost converter using switching devices, a buck boost converter is designed. The output of the converter is verified.

Since we are using digital PWM controller, Analog to Digital converter is used to convert analog signal into digital signal.


4. A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems – a PID is the most commonly used feedback controller. A PID controller calculates an "error" value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired set point. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs.

5. A PWM Controller is designed and all the control inputs are given to the PWM Controller such that it selects the mode of operation. The output of converter is observed.

6. Whole unit is integrated and the output is observed over a speific range of input voltages and varying load requirements.

Applications

Low Power Switching Converters are mainly used in devices which consume low power such as Audio power amplifiers, Low power projection play devices, Mobiles, I-Pads, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Metal oxide semiconductors, Low power broadcast radio station audio division, Low power mother boards. Fanless PC’s also accept wide range of DC inputs.

Results

Response of buck-boost converter with feedback circuit:

Input voltage Vin= 5V, Resistance=10Ω

Output voltage Vout= 3.47

Future Scope

The same circuit can be designed for wide range of input voltages and wide range of loads.

Current Estimation Technique can be employed without using current sensors.

Analog to Digital Converters can be used in order to obtain output voltage in digital form.


35. DESIGN AND ANALOG VLSI IMPLEMENTATION OF NEURAL NETWORK

COLLEGE : BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR GUIDE : PROF. BAPURAY D. Y. STUDENTS : VADIRAJ R. GURUNAIK RAKESH N. BEVINAGIDAD VINAYAK U. GANDAGE

Introduction

Neural Computers mimic certain processing capabilities of the human brain. Computing is an information processing paradigm inspired by biological system composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in unison to solve specific problems. When we speak of intelligence it is actually acquired, learned from the past experiences. This intelligence though a biological word, is realized based on the mathematical equations, giving rise to the science of Artificial Intelligence (AI) To implement this intelligence artificial neurons are used.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) learn by example. An ANN is configured for a specific application such as pattern recognition, function approximation or data classification, through a learning process, learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections that exist between the neurons. These artificial neurons, in this project are realized by Analog components like multipliers, adders, differentiators.

Objective

Biological systems process the analog signals like image and sound efficiently. To process the information the way biological systems do and make use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The focus of this project is the implementation of the Neural Network Architecture (NNA) with on chip learning in analog VLSI for generic signal processing applications. The artificial neural network architecture comprises of analog components like multipliers, adders and tan-sigmoid function circuit. The proposed neural architecture is trained using Back Propagation (BP) algorithm in the analog domain. The neural


architecture is thus a complete analog structure. The multiplier block is implemented using Gilbert cell, the tan sigmoid function is realized using MOS transistor.

The functionality of the designed neural architecture is verified for analog operation like amplification and frequency multiplication. The network designed can be adopted for digital operations like AND, OR and NOT. The network realizes its functionality for the trained targets, which is verified using simulation results. Layout design and verification of the proposed design is carried out using Cadence virtuoso with 180nm technology.

Methodology

The single neuron acts as the building block in the implementation of 1:3:1 Neural Network. As shown in the figure.2, the network has three layers as input layer, hidden layer and output layer respectively. The inputs to the neuron in the hidden layer are connected through weights W11, W12 and W13, the inputs to output neuron are connected through weights W21, W22 and W23.

Fig.1 : Mathematical model of Neuron

Fig. 2 : 1:3:1 Neural Network

The design and implementation of neural network architecture is carried out using Cadence Virtuoso software package. The schematic design is done with help of Cadence Schematic Editor, where as layout design is by Cadence Layout Editor, the layout versus schematic cross checking is done with help of Cadence Assura, the back annotation

is carried using Cadence Spectre, and we use Analog Artist for the simulation of layout.

Each component of neuron (multiplier, adder and neuron activation function) is being designed and back annotated; the schematic and layout simulation results have matched successfully. The following figure shows the flow chart of the methodology.

The advantages of neural network compared to conventional computer are learning capability, adaptability, availability of strong learning algorithm, ability to deal with noisy data, and fault tolerant. In recent days the neural networks are being used in many applications such as speech processing, data classification, pattern recognition, function approximation, artificial system building and image processing.

The total size of the Neuron cell is approximately 90x45u.The layout is simulated with parasitic, and its results have been matched with the simulated results of schematic. The obtained various results of neuron are discussed in preceding sections.

Conclusion

Gilbert cell multiplier was designed with input range 100mV and maximum output swing of 800mV.

Neuron Activation function was designed for input range of ±1.8V and output range of ±1.7V. A Neural architecture was proposed using these components.

The Neural Architecture works on the supply voltage ± 1.8V with the output swing of ± 1.6V.

Back Propagation algorithm was used for the training of the network.

The designed neural architecture had a convergence time of 200 ns.

The Neural network was shown to be useful for digital and analog operations.

Neural network was able to learn and reproduce the target waves.

Future work

Signal compression can be done in analog domain using neural networks, the main difference between analog and digital signal processing is, analog signal processing does not require analog to digital converter, where as digital signal processing require analog to digital and digital to analog converter. The


problem of quantization noise can be avoided by analog signal processing with the help of neural network.

36. FINGERPRINT BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE

COLLEGE : CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR GUIDE : SRI BASAVARAJU K. S. STUDENTS : CHANDRASHEKAR K. V. DARSHAN KUMAR K. S. HARSHA K. N. NAVEEN M. K.

Objective

An employing the Fingerprint Recognition based Electoral Voting System which is more reliable than Voter Identification Cards. Even if the voter didn’t carry his Voter Identification card, he can easily vote by his Fingerprint and the voting will be secured with no duplicate votes. The enrolled fingerprint in the database is matched with the incoming fingerprint during the voting to allow the voter to vote.

Methodology

The fingerprints are enrolled and database is maintained during the time of voting instead of asking voter ID card. Users are asked to give their fingerprint. User fingerprint is matched with database fingerprint database, if a match is found user will be allowed to vote otherwise he/she is denied to vote. The method used in this project for Fingerprint Authentication is Minutia based Technique.

The following is the description of all the components in the unit.

Block diagram of automated soil testing system for agriculture

The thermal sensor used in the above block diagram is the Thermal Sensor. This is mainly used compared to other sensors because this has the high accuracy compared to other sensors. Thermal Sensors are made out of pyroelectric materials,

which change their electrical property according to the temperature. A pixel array is formed using this materials, which sense the heat at all points of the finger. The heat at the rigde will be that of the body temperature, with the same at the valley will be the atmospheric temperature of the air.

The following process is followed in the Project namely

Preprocessing

Image Enhancement

Binarization

Feature Extraction

Thinning

Minutia Marking


Thus by using Fingerprint based electronic voting machine a Proxy free voting can be obtained which is most required in many parts of India as well as world.

Future scope

Fingerprint identification can also be accomplished with an automated system, which reduces the amount of human work required to make a positive match.

Thus employing the above advantage of the Fingerprint and updating it to an extent where voter can suggest to vote anywhere in a country, this will be more advantageous in the voting system than the present Voter Identification Card system.

As in Aadhar card processing which is going now, it can emply one or more biometric features like Face recognition and Iris Recognition to provide a better secure voting which is more reliable than the present voting system.

37. SECURITY SURVEILLANCE USING MOTION DETECTION

COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. SHIVANAND CHANNI STUDENTS : BENAZIR H. MUNTASHER GIRISH S. PRABHU MITHUN D. KUDAKUDE NAMRATHA R. M.

Introduction

The various security systems which uses cameras to record the activities or keep a watch on who is entering any restricted areas, but the security systems


available right now are not foolproof and cannot take quick action in case of any emergency.

Therefore to overcome the said problems it is proposed to build a solution which will have a smart camera and which will keep an eye over the restricted zone and as soon as human being enters the area the camera will take the picture of his face and send it to the cell phone of the authorized security personal. Hence immediately can take quick action.

Objective

This application can be used by system administrators to keep an eye restricted area through their cell phone even when they are not physically present.

Methodology

The software makes some operations to the images. Face recognition can be made if all of the images have the same size and all of them are grayscale. Images are represented by matrices and for matrix operations all of them must be a square matrix with the same size. First the image is converted to grayscale by eliminating the hue (color) and saturation information while retaining the luminance. After this, the size of the image will be changed by down sampling.

New Record

First it has to select an image. Then type “2” and to save this image to the database. The software will give automatically an ID number to your face. If the database is empty, the first face will have an ID number 1. If you add a second image then its ID number will be 2 and so on. After this the software wants you to enter the information about the person. This information is stored to other databases. One of these databases is called IDnumber.DAT. For our example it is “1.DAT”. The name of the second database is same as the name of the person. Here it is “Bedirhan.DAT”. Contents of these two databases are same. The first one is used by the software automatically for giving the information about the matched person when the face recognition is made. For example if the person’s ID is 3 then it opens “3.DAT” and shows the recorded information to the user. The second one will be explained in ID information part.

First enter the name, surname and the phone number of the person. After this UFR asks if the person is allowed or not for access. The corresponding led will turn on according to typing “y” or “n”. The reference image will be shown when the recognition is done. Selecting a reference image is recommended because it may not remember all of the names. Thus it can easily understand that the correct person or not.

ID Information:

By selecting 3 you can see how many IDs are recorded to the database.

Face Recognition

Select an image and compare with the saved images. Then type “4” for the face recognition. The software checks the database, tells the ID number of the face (if the face is recorded before), turns on the corresponding leds according to the answer of allow access then displays the information of this person. If the new face does not exist at the database then, the software warns you about it but shows the similar person stored in the database.

To display the information about the person, then type”1”. The software asks the name or ID number of the person. Typing the name or ID number is case sensitive. The computer will show the information if exists inside the database.

Application And Advantages

Commercial applications: Can be used in applications such as Bank locker systems, in Industrial applications, etc.

Military applications: The areas where highly secured data are kept and allowed for only few persons.


Conclusion

This security system can overcome the disadvantages of the CCTV camera which just does the book keeping work of the persons who all entered the area under monitor, but it can not take any quick action for the security purpose. Hence the developed security system is more advantageous in the present days. The police documentary system in which it can get all the information about the photos provided.

38. SRAM WITH MEMORY REDUNDANCY

COLLEGE : PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. JOSE ALEX MATHEW STUDENTS : SHAILESH B. ACHARYA VENKATESH UPADHYAYA K. VIJETHA H. N. VINAYA KISHOR B.

Introduction

The term memory refers to the ‘information state’ that is kept active in some physical structure. The computing memory refers to the physical structure which is used to store the data or program, temporarily or permanently. Memory is basically classified into two classes, i.e. primary memory or secondary memory.

The project starts with the design of single bit SRAM cell leading to the design of 256x64 bit SRAM array with the design of all supporting circuits mentioned above. The schematic is drawn for each circuit and simulated in cadence environment. With the minimum sizing considerations error free layout is drawn for all the circuits and blocks. The design was based on 180nm technology.

Objectives

The main objective of this project is to increase the throughput and cost efficiency of SRAM array. Basically, SRAM is costlier than DRAM due to the more number of transistors present in SRAM. If a few cells are corrupted then the whole SRAM has to be replaced. This would prove costly. To eliminate this problem can use memory redundancy in SRAM.

The work is defined by following aspects namely:

To study the behavior of the MOSFET and CMOS inverter.

To study the need and operational features (read and write) of the SRAM bit cell

To design and implementation of 256bit X 64 bit SRAM array.

To design( both schematic and layout using Cadence software) and implement the Decoder, Predecoder, Precharge circuit, Iclock generator, Sense enable and Precharge generator circuit, Read Mux, Sense Amplifier circuit, Read latch, Write Mux, Write Redundancy, Write Latch, Redundancy Decoder, Master-Slave Flip-Flop.

Block diagram showing all block

Applications

Digital signal Processors

RAMs or cache memory in microcontrollers

Space Applications in remote systems

Industrial and scientific subsystems

Automotive electronics

Results

Read margin is basically the noise voltage that can be allowed at the input of the inverters in the SRAM such that the outputs don’t get corrupted / flipped. Using parametric analysis a voltage is varied from zero voltage at the inputs of the inverters, the output nodes being initialized at 1.8V and 0V. The noise margin is that voltage at the input at which the output gets corrupted or flipped, such that just below that voltage the data remains unchanged. This simulation proved the noise margin to be 400mV.

In any memory chip read/write operation takes place sequentially. Both cannot occur simultaneously. So there should be isolation between two operations. Initially we write the data into the memory. When the


‘WZ’ signal goes low write operation occurs. Select line can be suitably generated according to which row and column to be selected. When ‘WZ” goes logic one, generates the ‘se.en’ signal which initiates the reading operation.

Conclusion

The design of SRAM single bit cell from which 256X64 SRAM array was derived simulated and layout is drawn. Then proceeded with the design of each supporting circuits like decoders, predecoders, mux, latch, Sense amplifiers etc. Layout is also drawn for every circuit designed and simulated. Both the write and read redundancy control circuits are derived, designed and tested successfully with corresponding layout drawn with minimized area on Cadence environment. All the blocks are combined together to yield the single block representing SRAM with memory redundancy (column redundancy with shifting mechanism).

Future Advancement

Current row and column redundancy schemes cover single defects efficiency only for unshared components. However, in practice, many contacts and vias that are potential defects are shared by adjacent cells to reduce device area. There is a need for improving the efficiency of redundancy schemes. The SRAM array with redundant block can also be incorporated with a Control circuit for scanning the bit cells for the corrupted stored data.

39. AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING ROAD LANE DETECTION

COLLEGE : PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. JOSE ALEX MATHEW STUDENTS : APOORVA NARASIMHA HEGDE ARPITHA M. KALPA KAVYA M.

Introduction

Safety in automotives is one of the important considerations under limelight. So many efforts are also taken in this regard. Dozens of processors control every performance aspect of today’s automobiles.

In this paper a novel attempt has been taken to revolutionize the safety in automotive systems with the help of image processing, which aids the driver in efficient driving.

A broad range of diverse technologies, known collectively as intelligent transportation systems (ITS), holds the answer to many of our transportation problems. Its is comprised of a

number of technologies, including information processing, communications, control, sand electronics. Joining these technologies to our transportation system will save lives, save time, and save money.

One of the most significant application of ITS is the Driver Assistance System. This system is insensitive to changes in road surface warns the driver of a motor vehicle when the vehicle is about to drift across either a central line or edge line.

This is a novel concept that involves an easy and safer way of transportation. It ensures relaxed driving for the driver so that it does not seem stressful. The main objective of this project is that the driver has to know that the vehicle is in the lane and not being deviated from the lane. Roads are not always straight, they have curves. Hence the driver is notified of these curves by indication of directions. This provides convenience to drivers when they are sleepy or do not have a good vision.

This concept also aids in future revolution of automatic driving in highways. Moreover the use of high speed processors makes it very simple to implement this system in real time.

Methodology

In a video-based lane departure system, the bulk of the processing is image-based, and is carried out within a signal processor rather than by an analog signal chain. This represents a big savings on the system bill-of-materials. The output to the driver consists of a warning to correct the car’s projected path before the vehicle leaves the lane unintentionally. It may be an audible “rumble-strip” sound, a programmed chime, or a voice message.

Basic steps in a lane-departure algorithm and how the processor might connect to the outside world.

The video input system to the embedded processor must perform reliably in a harsh environment, including wide and drastic temperature shifts and changing road conditions. As the data stream enters the processor, it is transformed - in real time - into a form that can be


processed to output a decision. At the simplest level, the lane departure system looks for the vehicle’s position with respect to the lane markings in the road. To the processor, this means the incoming stream of road imagery must be transformed into a series of lines that delineate the road surface.

The processor can find lines within a field of data by looking for edges. These edges form the boundaries within which the driver should keep the vehicle while it is moving forward. The processor must track these line markers and determine whether to notify the driver of irregularities.

The key technology here is using Hough Transform to convert the pixels in img2 from the image coordinate ),( yx to the parameter space ),( ,

and then search in the Hough space to find the long straight lines, which are lane marking candidates. The candidate lines are post-processed: delete the fake ones, select one line from a cluster of closing lines as a lane marking. Finally the lane makings are sorted by their position in the road from left to right. Also the mid-line of each lane is computed to localize the lane.

Conclusion

This project is been implemented in the Microsoft Visual Studio by making use of Opencv Library. The programming language used here is C language. C language yields us output with the least delay as compared to any other programming language. The point that has sought to establish is that when a flexible media processor is available for the design, there is plenty of room to consider feature additions and algorithm optimizations. The key method includes: find the background gray range, background subtraction, edge detection, Hough Transform, find the long lane marking candidates, sort the lane marking candidates, group the cluster lines as one line, delete fake lines and calculate the mid-line of each lane. Since the algorithm is edge-based, it’s sensitive to the edge information.

Future enhancement

Future work will include locating the intersections and identifying the other vehicles present around the intersection. Lane tracking will be added in order to use the information of the previous frames for improving the accuracy of lane detection.

The proposed method is tested on different road scenes and a reasonable performance is achieved. However, for using this method in intelligent vehicles applications, where high reliability is demanded, it needs hardware implementation and a lot of time for testing.

40. DYNAMIC DOMINO LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

COLLEGE : PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA GUIDE : SRI PRAVEEN J. STUDENTS : SEEMA M.G. NIRUPAMA C.R. SHRUTHI D. PATIL SHASHIKALA T.S.

Introduction

Dynamic domino logic circuits are widely used in modern digital VLSI circuits. These dynamic circuits are often favored in high performance designs because of the speed advantage offered over static CMOS logic circuits. The main drawbacks of dynamic logic are a lack of design automation, a decreased tolerance to noise and increased power dissipation.

In this work, new reduced – swing domino logic techniques which provide significant low power dissipations compared to traditional domino circuit structures are proposed. The key idea of the new design styles is to limit both the upper and lower bounds of the voltage swing at the internal dynamic node. The voltage swing at the input and output of the circuits remains full–swing. The design styles are compared by performing detailed transistor level simulations on benchmark circuits such as OR2 gate, AND2 gate, XOR2 gate, 16-bit adder, 16-bit Comparator and 4-bit LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) using Dsch3 and Microwind tool.

Methodology

The aim of this project is to implement various Reduced-swing domino logic circuit techniques which offer better speed, energy-efficiency and noise immunity in DSM technology.

Circuit Techniques: Circuit techniques discusses circuits where the upper level of the dynamic node is reduced by the threshold voltage Vt, of an NMOS transistor where as the lower level of the voltage swing is increased to the threshold voltage Vtp, of a PMOS transistor. Specifically, the voltage swing of the dynamic node is between Vtp and Vdd-Vtn. A variety of circuit configurations to achieve such reduced – swing at the dynamic node of a domino gate are presented and analyzed.

Reduced Dynamic Swing Domino (RDS- Domino): Reducing the voltage - swing at the dynamic node in the domino circuits has two objectives. First, the power dissipation of such a circuit will be lower since the capacitive load associated with the dynamic node is charged to a lower voltage level.


Reduced–Swing Domino with Dual supply (RSDLS): The first circuit configuration proposed to reduce the dynamic node voltage swing is obtained by simply altering the appropriate supply voltages of the standard domino gates as shown in the figure.

Reduced–Swing Domino with single supply (RSSLS): The RSDLS circuit shown above is simplified by replacing the extra supply voltages with transistors providing the desired threshold voltage drops.

Reduced Swing Mirror Domino (RSMRD): This arrangement dictates that the recharge and evaluate cycles be reversed with regard to clock. That is, clock begins high corresponding to precharge and clock goes low corresponding to the evaluate cycle. Given this arrangement, the voltage swing of the internal dynamic node is limited by the transistor thresholds. The supply voltage and the input/ output signals all remain unmodified.

41. OCEOVISIO COLLEGE : SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE GUIDE : SRI ASHWATH RAO STUDENTS : MOHAMMED MUSTHAQ FAROOK RISHAD RAJEESH P. V. RASHMI HIREMATH

Introduction

The design of the system principles for the application of viewing, storing and analysing the underwater environment confines for the design of a system that would constitute a wireless control remote to control the switching ON and OFF of the camera that would transmit the images or video in real time basis. The device should be able to have a movement from the surface to the underwater and should be capable of transmitting the visuals on accord with the control.

The project titled “OCEOVISIO” defines it can control the capturing device, temporarily store it in its memory, and transmit in the form of raw data to the receiver. The tuned receiver will hold it down and transfer the raw data to the interface unit. This interface unit converts the raw data to the respective visual information through the respective GUI software that is accord with the interface unit. This version describes the movement of the device which is restricted to the vertical plane with respect to the air/water interface, which in turn helps to simplify the project.

It’s a simple propose for the basic version of a device where it covers desired vertical plane to certain depth, depending on the thrust applied to the device from the surface. The actual propose defines the device to move in all directions with an aspect to control the altitude, speed and slide the zooming option for the completed system. It will also feature for the structures that will confine for carrying, dropping and catching materials.

Objective

To construct an under water robot which studies the under water environment by capturing the images of


under water and transmit them to laptop on real time basis.

How it works?

A device it is transmit the visual images to the user by a wireless transmission link. The device will capture the images only when it receives the control signal to operate the camera. The received signal signifies to operate and hence transmits the data and the receiver collects it and then interfaces it to the computer for the output to the user, who visualizes the underwater environment condition in real time basis.

The device contains two modules. The sample device will look as illustrated below:

Figure consists of the following modules

Camera module: To capture the image.

Temp. Memory: To temporarily store the information in raw data form.

Power switching circuit module: To control the power supply to the camera module.

Transmitting module: To transmit the raw data.

Receiver module: To Receive the raw data.

Interface unit: To interface the data to the computer.

Power switching controller: It’s a remote that controls the power switching module.

User Computer: To visualize the image sent by the transmitter.

Block Diagram:

Block diagram of Receiver Module of Oceovisio

Block diagram of Transmission Module of Oceovisio

Conclusion

The system is very effective in underwater communication for the purpose of environmental study or exploration. This device will be one of the most widely used device when comes to the field of aquatics in large mass. This basic version is confined only for one to one-half feet depth under the water and to a transmission range of only 15m. This device will be a view point to define and design many aspects in the field of underwater communication

Future scope

If the device advances for the movement in all directions, the GPS linking to it will increase its usage as it can be located later.

At present the camera captures images in some directivity set by the user when deploying, which can be increased to 360°.


Extensive structures to it will optimize it for a wide range of application in the field of underwater material carriage, disposal, capturing, etc.

42. ADVANCED PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR ALONG WITH INTELLIGENT BIKE

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : PROF. T. S. BHARATH KUMAR STUDENTS : NAGAHARSHITH NAVEEN KUMAR M. P. RAVIKIRAN C. SANDEEP KUMAR B. R.

Introduction

Indian cities and towns are experiencing an unprecedented and unparalleled motorization in recent times. India 69% of total motorized vehicle are 2 wheelers. As 2-wheeler growth increases number of accidents also increases & most of them will lead to severe injury or death , when the helmet is not worn. So to provide safety for the human life government is being implemented several traffic rules.

Objective

The main objective of this project is

1. Effective implementation of the government traffic rules. In day-to-day life, it is just impossible to put into action, the laws by government to wear helmet while driving a vehicle and avoid driving when driver has consumed alcohol, in each and every area of country. The helmet suggested by us aims to overcoming such shortcoming and provide user with comfort and safety. The system what we are planning makes it mandatory for the rider to wear helmet before starting the vehicle and he shouldn’t have consumed alcohol.

2. Providing safety for the human life while riding & also designing a helmet which provides more comfort for the driver or rider. In order to provide comfort along with the safety for the user we are planning a helmet which reduces possibility of sweating and to make the rider to wear it with pleasure.

3. Two-wheeler theft identification. As growth of 2-wheelers increases simultaneously theft of 2- wheelers also increasing. In order to indentify the stolen vehicle we are using a technology for theft identification when reported as stolen.

Possible Solutions:

1. For effective implementation of traffic rules

a. Ignition control of Bike if the helmet is not worn.

b. Ignition control of Bike if the rider has consumed alcohol.

2. For providing comfort to the user

a. Soft touch visor movement.

b. Provision for the cooling of head.

c. Automatic Rain detection and Viper movement.

3. For bike wish to implement

a. Bike not starting if Original Key not present – Wireless RF distance with key detection

b. RFID based Bike detection at Toll Gates to prevent theft of bikes

Block Diagram of the circuit used in the Helmet

Block diagram for the circuit on the Bike


Block diagram of the Key Ring for theft prevention

Block diagram of the arrangement at the Toll Gate

Advantages

It is accurate and precise as it is automatic.

Easily controlled and easy to use.

Comfortable to wear.

Technology used is harmless for human health.

Applications

The enforcement of law to wear helmet while driving a vehicle.

The enforcement of law to drive the vehicle without drinking alcohol.

The security for the vehicle will increase, along with the key..

No fluctuations and shock from the battery.

The battery is rechargeable.

Helmet itself acts as key.

Future Scope

If rider lost helmet then he cannot start bike.

The cost is higher it compared to normal helmet.

It requires frequent charging of batteries.

Mechanical design of helmet can be further improvised to provide more comfort for the rider.

This could be improvised with blue tooth head set for guiding the route with help Google maps and 3G mobile sets.

The software module can be explored for better advancements and required features better results.

Conclusion

In this project with an integrated electronic system, it strongly recommend using BIOMETRIC sensor for the alcohol detection for better results. In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic system provides the user with a number of convenient functions. It is operable through a wireless control system. The components of the electronic system are sufficiently small and rugged for use in the helmet, ensuring that the helmet is lightweight and durable. Moreover, the components are spaced about the helmet to provide even weight distribution to promote overall balance and safety. With the installation of the reader at places like toll gate, interceptors, traffic signals the stolen bike which is authenticated by police department can be identified.

43. 3-PHASE POWER INVERSION AND CONTROL FOR IRRIGATION MOTORS

COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : MRS. PRABHA G. S. STUDENTS : PRATHEEKSHA M. S. SHRUTHI S. SINCHANA D. VANDANA D.

Introduction

3-phase electricity is a common method of electric power transmission. It is a type of polyphase system.3-phase electricity has two properties that make it very desirable in distribution. First property is that all three wires carry the same current. The second one is power transfer into a linear balanced load is constant.

The advantages of 3-phase motor make it worthwhile to convert 1-phase power to 3- phase. Small customers, such as residential or farm properties may not have access to a 3-phase supply, or may not want to pay for the extra cost of a 3-phase service, but may still wish to use 3-phase equipment. Such converters may also allow the frequency to be varied allowing speed control. Some locomotives are moving to multi-phase motors driven by such systems even though the incoming supply to a locomotive is nearly always either Direct Current (DC) or 1-phase Alternating Current (AC). Because 1-phase power is interrupted at each moment that the voltage crosses zero but 3-phase delivers power continuously, any such converter must have a way to store energy for the necessary fraction of a second.

Objectives

The increase in knowledge, availability of reliable high power handling power devices coupled with software/hardware combination, the concept is shifting towards synthesis of required power first by rectifying,


filtering to D.C. & then inverting it to get the required power in required form. The obvious advantage is that it can get improved efficiency. With better design a purer power supply (or to say lesser noise) can be achieved.

Block Diagram and Working Principle

The block diagram of the 3-phase power inversion and control system is shown in the figure 1.

Block diagram of 3-phase power inversion

Rectification and Filtration : The first stage is to get a noise free DC power from an AC source by rectification followed by simple filtration. Rectification is done using fully controlled bridge rectifier. Full wave bridge rectifier uses four individual rectifying power diodes connected in a closed loop "bridge" configuration. Filtration is done by a LC filter. The input to this block is 230V, 50Hz Single phase AC and output is 230×√2V rectified DC.

3-Phase Power Inversion : The DC power produced is inverted back to generate a controlled 3-phase AC. An inverter is an electrical device that converts DC to AC. Inversion of power will be carried by the power MOSFETs in Hex-Bridge configuration. The Hex-bridge inverter is made up of three pairs (total of six) of Power MOSFETs. Each MOSFETs receives an input gate signal from the gate drivers. The output of this block is (230×√2)/√3 3-phase AC.

Step-up Transformer and Filtration: The inverted 3-phase power is stepped up to 440V and simple filtration is performed.

Control Logic : The control logic consists of MOSFET driving and synchronizing circuits. The required controlling will be achieved by employing dedicated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator IC. In this PWM controlled inverter design, we use SG3524 PWM chip to produce a binary signal with required pulse width proportional to the amplitude of the input. This is the signal that is fed to the gates of the six power MOSFETs in H-bridge.

Simulation : All these stages have been simulated in P-SPICE and have been implemented to get the desired functionality as described in the design.

Result Analysis

3-phase power is synthesized from the available 1-phase power source by rectifying and filtering them into DC and inverting the DC back to the required form i.e., 3-phase AC. Thus synthesized 3-phase power will be applied to a 3-phase half HP irrigation pump for testing and evaluation purpose. It found that motor runs smoothly without any noise. Also the intermediate results match with that of the designed values.

The practical voltage values obtained are displayed below in Table 1.

Table 1 Analysis of Resultant Voltages

Vin (volts)

Vdc (volts)

VRY

(volts)VYB

(volts) VBR

(volts)Vac

(volts)

230 325.26 187.79 187.79 187.79 440

Final View

Conclusion

The proposed phase converter is a new technology that supplies 3-phase power from a 1-phase source to power the loads with distinct advantages over any existing converter technology. The simulation and experimental results presented in this project shows the effectiveness of the proposed design. This project can be useful for future power system as more properties and specifications can be added to the designed product in order to investigate further issues and applications of 3-phase power converters.

Future Scope for Development

Feedback can be implemented to avoid the variation of load voltage.


Monitoring system can be implemented in the 1-phase supply side so as to get a constant 3-phase, 440V at the load end.

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) can be implemented in the circuit so as to control the load for various frequencies.


44. BIOGAS GENERATION FROM WASTE FRUIT PEELS BY THE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN PURGING

COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDES : DR. H. S. DAYANANDA AND MRS. RAMYARAJ Y. N. STUDENTS : MADHURA M. RAVI A. S. SHWETHA G. S. SUPRIYA V.

Introduction

Waste fruit peels are disposed off by dumping, spreading on land or by feeding to animals. One way of solving the problem is to make use of this waste for production of biogas which could suitably utilized in the surrounding areas and the digested slurry as organic manure. Due to high biodegradability and biochemical methane potential, it can be looked upon as a very useful and promising feedstock for biogas generation. The most promising alternative to incinerating and composting the biodegradable wastes is to digest its organic matter using anaerobic digestion. Biomethanation of fruit peel wastes is the best suited treatment as the process not only adds energy in the form of methane, but also results in a highly stabilized effluent.

Objectives

The main objective of this work is to generate the biogas from discarded waste fruit peels.

To determine physico-chemical characteristics of fruit peels

To quantify the biogas generated with different ratios of seeding material

To determine the optimum quantity of seeding material

To determine the calorific value of raw waste and digestate

To determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the digested sludge

To introduce nitrogen purging to enhance biogas generation

Figure 1: Experimental Setup

Methodology

The physico-chemical characteristics of the raw waste fruit peels and biomethanated sludge were analyzed. 200 g of Equus ferus feces (horse dung) was introduced to the reactor to set the reactor into working condition and to acclimatize the microbial mass with the reactor environment. 2.0 kg of the waste fruit peels was shredded and ground to a fine slurry and then introduced into the reactor with 90% of the water by weight of waste is added and homogeneously mixed. The slurry sample was allowed for digestion and at every 24 hours interval, the volume gas generated was noted by displacement of the methyl orange indicator in the graduated gas collector column, for seven days, for different ratios of waste fruit peels and Equus ferus feces (horse dung).

Results

Physico-Chemical Characteristics: The physico-chemical characteristics of both the raw and digested sludge for different ratios were analyzed.

Biogas Generation: Among the three proportions of waste loaded into digester, the 10:1.5 (i.e., 2000 g fruit


peel slurry and 300 g Equus Ferus Feces ) has yielded maximum amount of biogas. The daily variation in gas generation and temperature was recorded for different ratios of seeding material. The graph of the same is shown in Figure 1. From the comparison, it can be concluded that, as the ratio of Equus Ferus Feces wasincreased, the rate of digestion and the quantity of gas generated was also more.

Fig 1: Daily Variation in Gas Generation

Gas Composition Test: The biogas was analyzed for its composition using GASTEC, (Model GV-100) Gas Sampling Pump. The biogas contained 1 ppm of N2, 4 ppm of Mercaptans and 2 ppm of H2S for mix proportion of 10:2.0:2.5 (FP:EFF:WH). The gas produced must be refined to serve as an efficient cooking fuel.

Calorific Value: The raw and digestate for the mix proportion of 10:2.0:2.5 (10 g Fruit Peel Slurry, 2 g Equus Ferus Feces and 2.5 g Water Hyacinth) was analyzed for calorific value using Bomb Calorimeter. It can be observed that the calorific value of the digestate is more compared to raw slurry. The digestate can also be utilised for energy recovery through incineration process. The calorific value was determined using the relation,

(W+ We) X C (T2-T1) / Wc

Conclusions:

In all mix proportions considered, it took 2 days for stabilization and the generation of gas was observed from the 2nd day of loading

For 10:1.5 (2000 g Fruit Peel slurry and 300 g Equus Ferus Feces) mix proportion, 430ml of gas was generated on the 2nd day from the day of loading and reached a peak value of 950ml at the end of 6th day

The research has revealed that the digestion of waste fruit peels is enhanced with the increase of Equus Ferus Feces

For 10:2.0:2.5 (2000 g Fruit Peel slurry, 400 g Equus Ferus Feces and 500 g Water Hyacinth)

mix proportion, COD was found to be 39,600 mg/L and reduced to an amount of 5,600 mg/L

The calorific value for the raw and digestate was found to be 49,813.4 KJ/Kg and 67,394.6 KJ/Kg respectively

The biogas contained 1 ppm of N2 , 4 ppm of Mercaptan and 2 ppm of H2S for the mix proportion 10:2.0:2.5 (FP:EFF:WH)

45. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN AND ZEOLITE AS FILTER MEDIA

COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDES : DR. H. S. DAYANANDA AND MR. MADHUKAR M. STUDENTS : CHAITRA K. R. DWITHIYA CHANDRASHEKAR SAJANI B. SANDEEP S.

Introduction

Conventional water treatment methods available for the removal of turbidity and pathogens are coagulation, filtration and disinfection. The common filter media used are sand, anthracite, activated carbon, zeolite, etc. In recent days, owing to the increasing environmental awareness, eco-friendly alternatives such as chitin, aspergillus flavus etc., to the use of synthetic compounds are being considered.

Chitosan, a natural linear biopolyaminosaccharide, obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin is derived from the cell wall of fungi, crustacean exoskeletons, cuticles of insects and some algae. The other material considered in this research work is natural zeolite; these are hydrated alumino silicate minerals of a porous structure with valuable physicochemical properties such as cation exchange, molecular sieving, catalysis and non-toxic material.

Objective

The objective of this research work is to evaluate the performance of chitosan and zeolite as a single and dual filter media.

Methodology

The present research work is envisaged to carry out column studies using chitosan and zeolite as a single filter media and as a dual media. Removal efficiency of the water sample collected is evaluated using single filter media viz., Chitosan at a depth of 20mm, zeolite at a depth of 20mm, 40mm and 60mm along with sand of depth 250mm for flow rates of 100mL/min and 200mL/min in a borosilicate glass column of height 1m and diameter of 0.10m. The experiment was extended by making use of dual media containing chitosan and


zeolite at a depth of 20mm and 40mm each filtered at a flow rate of 100mL/min and 200mL/min.

Results:

Fig: Efficiency of zeolite at varying depths for a flow

rate of 100mL/min

Table 1: Results of Physico- chemical analysis

Para

met

er

Initi

al c

once

ntra

-tion

Fina

l co

ncen

tratio

n w

ith d

iffer

ent

flow

rate

s in

m

L/m

in

(Chi

tosa

n)

Fina

l co

ncen

tratio

n w

ith d

iffer

ent

flow

rate

s in

m

L/m

in

(Zeo

lite)

Fi

nal

conc

entra

tion

afte

r filt

ratio

n w

ith c

hito

san

and

zeol

ite a

t di

ffere

nt

100 200 100 200 20 40

Total solids (mg/L) 643 353.5 341.5 447 404 529 568

Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 356 346.5 337.5 400 389 389.5 403

Total hardness (mg/L as CaCO₃)

182 132 137.5 34 51 29 22.5

Permanent hardness (mg/L as CaCO₃)

173 119.5 131 29 43 20.5 12.5

Nitrates (mg/L) 2.524 0.381 0.666 0.988 1.071 0.178 1.25

Fluorides (mg/L) 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.6 1

Turbidity (NTU) 83.40 5.85 7.55 15.00 16.80 5.65 6.39

pH 9.83 9.25 9.29 9.30 9.34 9.50 9.30

Table 2: Results of Bacteriological analysis

D

etai

ls

Initi

al c

ount

With

Chi

tosa

n

With

Zeo

lite

With

Zeo

lite

(40m

m d

epth

)

With

Zeo

lite

(60m

m d

epth

)

With

Chi

tosa

n &

Ze

olite

(20m

m

dept

h)

With

Chi

tosa

n &

Ze

olite

No of Total Coliform Colonies (CFU)

10000 40 88 100 200 48 40

Efficiency (%) - 99.60 99.12 99 98 99.52 99.60


The present study is focused on the Performance Evaluation of Chitosan and Zeolite as Filter Media.

The study was carried out using powdered Chitosan; the same can be carried out using Chitosan in the beaded and gel form in future work.

Cross linked polymers can be used instead of commercial Chitosan.

There are various forms of Zeolite available, which can be used.

A blended media of chitosan and zeolite can be used instead of the separate media which is used in this research work.

46. APPLICATION OF METAL OXIDE NANOMATERIALS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDES : MS. ROOPA PRIYA J. K. AND MS. SAVITHA S. STUDENTS : BHAVYA K. NEELA M. PRASOON S. TASHA BOJAMMA B. B.

Introduction

In the present study the treatment of textile and distillery effluents using AOP technology has been executed, where the photocatalytic nanometal oxides are used as photocatalysts to oxidize the organic components of the effluents. The organic component of textile effluent i.e., the colour and the organic compounds of distillery effluents such as BOD, COD, TDS and other related parameters can be efficiently and economically reduced using this technology.

Objectives

The main objective of the study is the treatment of textile and distillery effluents using metal oxide nanomaterials.

Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials of metal oxide with a control on their size and shape

Treatment of textile and distillery effluents using photocatalytic nanometal oxides.

Comparative study of the photocatalytic efficiency of the treatment of synthetic and real effluents.

Methodology

The photocatalytic metal oxide nanomaterials were synthesized using zinc oxide as raw material by


Hydrothermal / Solvothermal method. Solvents such as Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid, surface modifiers such as Gluconic acid, Benzaldehyde, n-butylamine and Oleic acid, and dopants such as Silver metal, Tin metal and Chromium chloride were used in the synthesis of the nanomaterials. Zinc oxide along with varying amounts of solvents, surface modifiers and dopants were taken in Teflon liners. The liners in autoclaves were placed in furnace for a period of 16 hours at 150C. The products in liners were then centrifuged followed by freeze drying. The obtained products were ground on mortar to get fine powder.

The synthesized materials were then characterized by techniques such as Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/ Visible Spectroscopy (UV/ Vis) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sample of textile effluent was collected from Textile Industry ‘A’ of Thandavapura Industrial Area and the distillery effluent was collected from the Distillery Industry ‘B’ of Nanjangud Industrial Area. The nanomaterials were then used as photocatalysts to degrade the textile and distillery effluents as well as the synthetic Brilliant Blue dye solution. Varying quantities of nanomaterials were added to the effluents and the dye solution in conical flasks. The conical flasks were kept in water bath shaker for 15 mins and then in darkness for about 10 mins. They were then placed under direct sunlight for a minimum period of 3 hours for photocatalytic degradation.

Brilliant Blue Dye Solutions kept for Photo catalytic Degradation

The initial and final parameters such as the Absorbance, COD and BOD were analysed for the effluents and the BB dye solution and the efficiency of degradation using the ZnO nanomaterials were found out.


The XRD analysis demonstrates that the nanomaterials have the hexagonal wurtzite structure, FTIR graphs indicate the functional groups of different nanomaterials synthesized, UV/Vis spectra gives the absorbance of the synthesized nanomaterials and SEM provides the images showing the exact structure of the nanomaterials synthesized.

For Brilliant Blue dye, the COD reduced from 100 to 20 mg/L i.e., 80% and for textile effluent from 120 to 20 mg/L i.e., 83.33% was obtained. By comparing the efficiency of degradation using nanomaterials for Brilliant Blue dye solution and the textile effluent, it is evident that the absorbance decreases with photocatalytic degradation and there is a significant reduction in COD values. From the photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent using different nanomaterials i.e., Set A, Set B and Set C, maximum degradation efficiency for COD was 83.33% using Set B, BOD was 75.68% using Set B and of distillery effluent for COD was 91.66% using Set A and for BOD 76.47% using Set B. The synthesized ZnO nanomaterials has been observed as an excellent photocatalyst under visible illumination. The new technology of treating effluents using ZnO nanomaterials is efficient in reducing the COD, BOD and the colour characteristics. Research is still going on to get new improved nanoparticles for the treatment of wastewater and their use in large scale.


The photocatalyst was used to treat the textile and distillery effluent. This work can be continued by,

Checking the photocatalytic efficiency of the nanomaterials on industrial effluents other than textile and distillery

Employing different solvents, surface modifiers and dopants in different quantities

Varying the temperature and duration of the hydrothermal synthesis

Changing the concentrations of nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of the effluents.



47. MICRO MACHINING OF NON CONDUCTING MATERIALS USING ELECTRO CHEMICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : MR. SATISH J. STUDENTS : NAGARATNA S. M. RASHMI P. RASHMI R. VINUTHA B. B.

Introduction

There is a constantly increasing demand for engineering materials having properties superior to those possessed by customary engineering materials.

Electro Chemical Machining (ECM) & Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) fail to machine non conducting materials. Hence, an attempt was made to machine non conducting materials using Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) process.

As in literature survey it came to know that higher MRR was achieved for higher voltage & concentration .In this Project the experiment Conducted to get higher MRR for lower power consumption thus making ECDM process economical machining process.

Objectives

Combining the principle of two non conventional process.(i.e., ECM & EDM)

Machining on glass plate.

Experiments carried out with Varying parameters like voltage, gap & concentration.

Study of the parameters by Anova analysis to find out the effective parameter for higher MRR.

Methodology

ECDM setup consists of a DC power supply unit, a beaker consisting of sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH solution), a cathode tool (needle), anode zinc plate & Glass work piece.

In ECDM process machining is done by removing material through melting or vapourization by electric sparks & arcs.

The spark discharge is produced by applying DC between electrode & tool.

The end of the tool & work piece is separated by a gap of 0.005 to 0.015mm,& are immersed in NaOH solution.

The Dc voltage enables a spark discharge to pass between the tool & work piece.Spark produces enough heat to melt & vaporize a small quantity of the work piece.

Thus material is removed by Thermal erosion & chemical reaction.

Experimental Setup of Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) :

Results & Conclusions

The results obtained from the experiments conducted using Taguchi Orthogonal Array reveals that higher MRR is achieved for the applied voltage of 45v,electrolyte conc. of 10% and gap of 0.015mm.

Anova analysis done for the results obtained says that gap is the main parameter for higher MRR.


For better results in terms of accuracy & good surface finish a continuous feeding mechanism & a rotating tool can be adopted to perform machining operation.



48. IMAGE FEATURE EXTRACTION OF TOBACCO LEAVES

COLLEGE : BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANDYA GUIDE : MR. HARSHAVARDHAN L. STUDENTS : AKSHATA R. JAGADEESH B. R. RAGHUNANDAN S. A. SHRUTHI T. R.

Introduction

Tobacco leaves’ grading is very important in agricultural research and market. The classification and evaluation of flue cured tobacco leaves is a rigorous task. The tobacco leaf must be classified by size, texture and color, all aided by a well seasoned expert’s feeling about the fine properties of the leaves. The results of the classification and quality evaluation rely on the judgmental experience of experts. Our project is titled “Image features extraction of tobacco leaves”. It is proposed a computer vision techniques base system for the automatic inspection of tobacco leaves. Image processing techniques are used in this system to solve problems of features extraction and analysis of tobacco leaves, which include features of color, size and quality. The experimental results show that this system is a viable way for the features extraction of tobacco leaves, and can be used for the automatic classification of tobacco leaves. The classification and evaluation of flue cured tobacco leaves is a rigorous task.

The grading process is extremely laborious, so the classification and the quality evaluation are subjective and experimental based, while the efficiency and the stability of error rate are not satisfying enough. New technology and equipments are needed to automate the quality inspection process of the tobacco leaves.

Image processing is one of the fast growing research areas and has extensive application in terms of commercial and scientific fields. The primary motivation of choosing feature extraction of tobacco leaves is to provide a means for grading of tobacco leaves fast and accurately as compared to traditional hand done classification.

The primary motivation for choosing the feature extraction of tobacco leaves is that it is a challenging problem, because of its high complexity and can be applied for various agricultural products.

The following methodology was used in this study namely,

Converting the image from RGB to grayscale.

Applying Erosion, dilation.

Detecting the Largest contour.

Alignment of leaf.

Applying bounding rectangle and Measuring bounding rect’s Length and width

Identifying the holes and measuring each hole area to calculate the percentage of damage.

RGB to HSV color space.

Identifying colors green, orange and yellow.

Providing the grading.

Scope of the project

This project provides accurate grading of tobacco leaves provided under certain illumination condition and base work for further study using image processing techniques and computer vision.

49. CHARMY: A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING AND VERIFYING ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATIONS

COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. SUMANGALA PATIL STUDENTS : POMPAPATHI K. LAKSHMI PRATHIMA R. RAZIA M. MULLA

Introduction

Introduced in the early stages of software development, the CHARMY framework assists the software architect in making and evaluating architectural choices. Rarely, the software architecture of a system can be established once and forever. Most likely poorly defined and understood architectural constraints and requirements force the software architect to accept ambiguities and move forward to the construction of a suboptimal software architecture. CHARMY aims to provide an easy and practical tool for supporting the iterative modeling and evaluation of software architectures. From an UML-based architectural design, an executable prototype is automatically created. CHARMY simulation and model


checking features help in understanding the functioning of the system and discovering potential inconsistencies of the design. When satisfactory and stable software architecture is reached, Java code conforming to structural software architecture constraints is automatically generated through suitable transformations. The overall approach is tool supported.

Objectives

Charmy is a framework for designing and validating architectural specifications. In the early stages of the software development process, the Charmy framework assists the software architect in the design and validation phases. To increase its usability in an industrial context, the tool allows the use of UML-like notations to graphically design the system. Once the design is done, a formal prototype is automatically created for simulation and analysis purposes. The framework provides extensibility mechanisms to enable the introduction of new design and analysis features.

Conclusion

In this project, presented CHARMY, a framework to provide an automated, easy to use tool for the model-based design and validation of software architectures. CHARMY suggests an iterative approach which allows designers to incrementally specify the SA of a software system through diagrammatic notations and to validate the architectural specification conformance with respect to temporal requirements. CHARMY offers a graphical user interface to draw topology, state, and sequence diagrams, and a translation engine to automatically derive Promela code which may be simulated and model-checked through the SPIN model checker. The PSC tool is integrated in CHARMY such that a CHARMY user can graphically draw PSC properties in the same environment and translate them in the textual representation of Bu chi automata used by SPIN. The simulation and model checking engine complexity is hidden, providing the software engineer with

An automated, easy to use tool which takes in input the architectural models in an UML-based notation, creates the prototype and automatically analyzes the prototype reducing as much as possible the human intervention. Test sequence generator is used to test the SA behavior successfully. The produced code embeds structural SA constraints, and consequently assures that the architectural choices are maintained at implementation level. The framework has been designed as a plug-in architecture to simplify the introduction of new

features and help the integration with other existing analysis tools.


1. This tool can be extended to generate java code

2. Bogor model checker can be used instead of JSPIN Model checker

3. Aims to verify the system through the separate verification of the Single components.

50. ONLINE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR TRPF

COLLEGE : SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWAR GUIDE : MR. NAVEEN KULKARNI STUDENTS : AKSHATA JAVALI PAVAN JAHAGIRDAR PRAMEELA BAGEWADI

Introduction

Currently The Akshaya Patra Foundation is managing to provide cooked food to the concerned schools duly packing in the vessels owned by TAPF and by means of customized vehicles. There are 779 schools in and around Dharwad district. For proper distribution and management of food 22 vehicles are owned by the foundation and 12 vehicles are hired from outsourcing agency.

All the above activities such as, enlisting the number of schools, number of vessels supplied to each school and number of schools in particular route, details of personnel accompanying the vehicle etc. are being carried out manually under the supervision of a Supervisor. Subsequently all individual data will be entered in the formats prescribed for the particular activity and in the registers maintained for this purpose. This system is not only time consuming but interruptions is likely due to non-availability of real-time data to the concerned authority that is looking after all the above responsibilities.

Objectives

The Akshaya Patra Foundation, Dharwad wants an intra-office and online software to maintain information about every school and its food requirements, the schools everyday need a vehicle route mapping. By using this software, they should be able to enter the school details and each school should provide their


daily requirements online. This reduces the data entry work and increase the efficiency and speed of the work. Generating a chart and calculating the further requirements will be easier.

Methodology

This project is designed on three-tier architecture of the J2EE language, where the servers are placed in the central location i.e. The Akshaya Patra Foundation (TAPF) and the multiple clients are accessing this server throughout Karnataka. Clients will be government schools who are the beneficiaries of The Akshaya Patra Foundation.

Distribution Chart

TAPF receives request from the respected schools regarding the food requirement. TAPF sends the food requirement to the food preparation department to prepare the quantity specified by the schools. After preparation of food it is distributed school wise based on its requirements.

A supervisor is designated to the each vehicle and each vehicle will be provided with the RFID card in which route number is specified. The driver of the vehicle must swipe the RFID card before leaving TAPF and after reaching the school. The time stamp between TAPF and the school can be calculated by considering the time at which the card was swiped in the respective places.

TAPF: TAPF (The Akshaya Patra Foundation) is the centralized kitchen where food that is to be supplied to the schools is prepared.

School: Schools are added by government and informed to the TAPF. TAPF supplies food to each govt. school present in and around district.

Vehicle: A vehicle is assigned for a particular route to dispatch the prepared food to the respective schools present in the route.

Supervisor: A supervisor is assigned to each vehicle and he keeps track of number of vessels sent and received from school.

Results and Conclusion:

This project also overcomes manual data entry work in datasheets.

This project helps The Akshaya Patra Foundation to access the real time data efficiently. It helps to store and retrieve the data about the schools and its students, which can be implemented on intranet and on internet. An attempt has been done.

Future Scope

Once this software is ready it can be used for TAPF and its concerned organization.

The same software can be used to demonstrate the ISKCON’s work and distribution network to donor.


51. WIRELESS INDUSTRIAL HAZARD DETECTION CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICE USING EMDEDDED SYSTEM

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : SRI V. SIDDESWARA PRASAD STUDENTS : KAVYA M. C. MOHAN RAJ T. N. PRADEEP J. VAISHALI K. S.

Introduction

The main aim of the project is to develop a device that minimizes the effects of hazards which occur in the process industries. Some of the vital process parameters such as over voltage, under voltage, over load, temperature, water level and fire are monitored by the designed device so as to keep the industrial unit safe.

The device consists of various sensors to check and monitor the process parameters of the industrial unit. The output of these sensors are suitably signal conditioned and are fed to analog input channels of the Analog to digital converter (ADC) which is configured in 8-bit resolution mode. This ADC converts the signal conditioned output from sensors to their corresponding digital equivalent value which is stored


in data memory locations of the microcomputing unit. The obtained digital value is then continuously checked and compared with pre-defined set point value so as to decide whether the process parameters are in safe range or not. When a catastrophe occurs, these process parameters tend to deviate from their normal working range. In such circumstances the device designed will shut down the industrial unit immediately to control the same from further damage. In the project a Global systems for mobile communication (GSM) module is also used to send a caution message via the short message service (SMS) to the controller in-charge of the master control room, so as to inform and alert him about the events occurred.

Methodology

The wireless industrial hazard detection, control and protection device has the following parts:

Industrial unit

Control and monitoring unit

Display unit

Transmitting unit

Signaling (Alarm) unit

Block Diagram

The system block diagram shown in figure represents the overview of the project. The industrial unit consists of various sensors to check and monitor various process parameters such as over voltage, under voltage, over load, temperature, fire and water level that should be maintained within their nominal values. The industrial unit also comprises of scaling and signal conditioning unit. The output of this signal conditioning unit is given as input to the control and monitoring section where the microcomputing unit continuously checks and compares signal conditioned output with pre-defined set point value so as to decide whether the process parameters are in safe range or not. A display unit is also used to show the parameters being monitored and their status of working on the screen. Whenever a catastrophe occurs, these process parameters tend to deviate from their normal working range. This change is detected by the microcomputing unit which sends an activating signal to the control unit to take necessary actions. The control unit immediately shuts down the industrial unit to prevent further damage of the same. The control unit also activates the transmitting unit to send a caution SMS to the control room and sounds the alarm to indicate the occurrence of catastrophe. The receiver unit kept in the control room receives the caution SMS, thus alerting the controller in-charge of the industry to take supervisory actions immediately.

Outcome of the project

Able to understand the basic principles regarding an industrial unit and its control (control of process variables).

To define the specific role of embedded devices in plants and industries.

Able to implement state-of the-art controlling principles, control loop tuning and damage prevention techniques.

Ensure industrial safety and prevent possible hazards.

It maintains and monitors Industrial unit throughout day and night.

It can be used in any industry where safety is of prime importance.

It reduces production cost and enhances its efficiency.

It is faster and flexible in design and provides accurate log of process variables.


52. INSTRUMENTATION FOR CI ENGINE TEST RIG AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION WITH AND WITH-OUT PREHEATING

COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : MR. SUCHITH KUMAR M. T. STUDENTS : KULDEEP B. DARSHAN B. H. MUTHANNA K. P.

Introduction

In this project the group tried to increase the efficiency of the engine and reduce the emission level using the


method of fuel pre-heating, and also we have studied the effect of injection pressure variation on fuel pre-heating. Heat exchangers contribute significantly to waste heat recovery process. The feasibility of using heat exchangers for heating fuel using automotive exhaust gas has studied. Practical heat exchanger has set up for heating the fuel. Simple experiments were carried out to examine the performance of the engine for heated fuel. It is shown that the experimental results indicate the benefit of fuel pre-heating.

Objectives

To recover the waste heat by implementing Heat exchanger unit in the exhaust.

Design and develop the experimental setup of the fuel pre-heater for an IC engine.

To experiment the design by implementing it to an engine.

To investigate the effects of fuel preheating on an engine performance.

To study the effect of injection pressure variation on fuel pre-heating.

To obtain more efficient vaporization and higher combustion efficiency engine performance than colder fuel.

Methodology

Arrangement of Heat Exchanger Unit

The efficiency of engine relates to the fuel temperature, viscosity, injection pressure, injection timing and fuel quality. This study results in the optimum temperature required for better atomization of fuel and also the injection pressure which suits the elevated temperature.

The heat which comes out from exhaust is used for preheating of fuel. The fuel gets heated by absorbing the heat from exhaust. By pre-heating the fuel viscosity reduces, resulting more efficient combustion hence by obtaining better fuel atomization. The experiments are conducted for various loads at various conditions. Comparison of readings is done for fuel at different temperatures.


Injection pressures and their corresponding brake specific fuel consumption at different conditions for full load is as follows. At 120 bar for room temperature, 400c, 600c the BSFC are 0.144, 0.2938, 0.307 kg/kWh. At 150 bar for room temperature, 400c, 600c the BSFC are 0.33, 0.3, 0.29 kg/kWh. At 180 bar for room temperature, 400c, 600c the BSFC are 0.35, 0.25, 0.17 kg/kWh respectively. From the above readings we conclude that, at higher IOP (150 and 180 bar) BSFC decreases and fuel economy is attained with preheating

Specific fuel consumption: increase without pre-heating (BSFC v/s BP) and decreases with pre-heating of fuel (BSFC v/s BP)

Brake thermal efficiency: decreases without pre-heating (BTH EFF v/s BP) and increases with pre-heating of fuel (BTH EFF v/s BP)

Indicated thermal efficiency: decreases without pre-heating (INDTH EFF v/s BP) and increases with pre-heating (INDTH EFF v/s BP)

Mechanical efficiency: decreases without pre-heating (MECH EFF v/s BP) and increases with pre-heating (MECH EFF v/s BP)


For part loads at minimum injection pressure, there is no much difference in results between pre-heating and without pre-heating of fuel.

For full load even at minimum and maximum injection pressure, better results are obtained for pre-heating than without pre-heating of fuel.


Experiments can be conducted varying the injection timings.

Micro controllers can be used for flow and temperature control

Heat exchanger can be designed for more effectiveness.

53. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COOLING PERFORMANCE OF MICROPROCESSOR CHIP USING SYNTHETIC JET

COLLEGE : BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR GUIDE : DR. V. V. KATTI STUDENTS : RAVINDRA KONDAGULI NAGARAJ SATTIGERI SHIVARAJ ARAKERI PANDURANG CHAVAN

Introduction

Synthetic jet is a novel flow technique which synthesizes stagnant air to form a jet, and is potentially useful for cooling applications. The impingement heat transfer characteristics of a synthetic jet are studied in this work. At the end, the behavior of the average heat transfer coefficient of the impinged heated surface with variation in the axial distance between the jet and the heated surface is measured. The experiments are conducted by varying the input parameters like frequency of diaphragm and the ratio of axial distance between the heated surface and the jet to the jet orifice diameter. Such detailed heat transfer results with a synthetic jet have not been reported earlier and is useful for cooling of electronics and other devices.

A synthetic jet is synthesized directly from the fluid in the system in which it is embedded. A synthetic jet is commonly formed when the fluid is alternately sucked into and ejected from a small cavity by the motion of a diaphragm bounding the cavity, so that there is no net mass addition to the system. This feature obviates the need for input piping or complex fluidic packaging and makes synthetic jets ideally suited for low-cost batch fabrication using micro-machining techniques. The synthetic jet is a new entrant into the means available to engineers to manipulate flow to achieve the desired result.

Besides cooling, the synthetic jets have a number of other potential engineering applications, such as boundary-layer separation control, jet vectoring, better mixing of fuel in the engine combustion chamber, creation of local turbulence, and vehicle propulsion.

Objectives

These traditional forced air cooled heat sinks are facing serious challenges for the cooling of the next generation of electronics owing to the additional space constraints and still higher cooling requirements. Due to low cost, availability and reliability, air will continue to be used as the working fluid. In the present work, synthetic jet impingement cooling which can potentially be used for cooling of hot-spots is investigated.

Methodology

Figure shows the schematic of the set-up used for the present experiments. The experiments are conducted for different configurations of synthetic jet impinging on a heated surface. The synthetic jet assembly is attached to a 2-d traverse stand so that the axial distance between the jet orifice and the heated surface can be controlled easily using a fine pitch traversing mechanism. In the present study, an electromagnetic actuator (acoustic speaker) of diameter 50 mm and operating at an input voltage of 4 V is employed. The experiments are conducted for different orifice diameters, length of orifices, and cavity depths. The input voltage to the actuator is maintained constant and the frequency of excitation is controlled by a signal generator and monitored by an oscilloscope .The jet issuing from the orifice impinges normally onto the plate at a distance of z from the orifice .The distance between the orifice surface and the copper plate is varied with the help of a traverse stand. The effects of the synthetic jet impingement cooling are investigated by measuring the surface and ambient temperatures for different operating frequencies and other geometric parameters for a known power supplied to the heater. The results are presented in terms of the average Nusselt number as a function of normalized axial distance z/d.

copper plate(40*40)sqmm

bakalite board(300*300)sqmm

glass wool pad

orifice diameter 3mm

Nicrome heater (40*40)sqmm

stand

speaker

Experimental set up


Comparison Graph


Experiments are conducted on cooling of copper plate using natural convection, heat sink of Pentium3 microprocessor and synthetic jet. From plots it is concluded that cooling performance of synthetic jet is better than that of heat sink. The heat transfer coefficient is found to be maximum at the resonance frequency of the cavity (300 Hz).

54. ALTERNATE USES OF ARECANUT HUSK IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

COLLEGE : GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. C. R. PRAKASH RAO STUDENTS : ROHITH A. J. SREEKANTH M. A.

Introduction

Areca nut is one of the most important commercial crops in the South east Asia. The nut is cultivated in palm plantations and the tree as well as the nut has a never-ending list of uses like i.e. for chewing purposes, as vegetable, as medicine, as stimulant, timber, fuel wood, clothing, wrapping, lubricant, tannin etc. The increase in consumption of Areca nut usage every year leads to production of waste which is directly proportional to the quantity Areca nut cultivated. Presently the areca nut husk is used in domestic applications mainly as a fuel. In the present project, the fine fibers of the Areca nut husk will be used as the reinforcement material. The main thrust of present research work is to explore the possibility of utilizing areca nut husk fibers as reinforcement for composites. Using the areca nut husk fibers as reinforcement with appropriate matrix material the composite material will be fabricated. Also, a feasibility study involving the economics aspects also carried out. This study will open up new avenues of research for alternate uses in engineering applications in general and in particular

for rural domestic applications. The fiber reinforced plastic composites made of areca fibers extracted from areca nut husk, were prepared with used plastic and waste rubber. The composite was prepared with different proportion of areca fiber, plastic and rubber.

Objectives

Fabrication of Composite material using Areca nut husk as reinforcement material.

Effective utilization of areca nut husk to prepare composite material which may replace most of the timber dependent sheets and metal sheets.

Methodology

The composites are manufactured using the fixtures and heater plates which are fabricated. The heater plate is placed in the fixture such a way that heat loss is minimal. Before placing the matrix material in the fixture the aluminum foil is provided and above the aluminum foil the matrix material is laid one layer. Above that matrix material the areca nut fibers are spread evenly in order to produce composite material. Then layers of areca fiber with rubber in thread form are spread over the areca fibers to hold the fibers in arranged place in proper manner. Similar way alternate layers of matrix and reinforcement are arranged. A single layer aluminum foil is used in bottom and top layer of the composite to avoid sticking of material to fixture.

Results

The design of fixture assembly meets the requirement.

The heater plate design and manufacturing meets the requirement.

Segregation of fibers from areca nut is the toughest task. However it can be simplified by using hand press.

Cleaning of matrix material was the difficult task, however using the detergent media with flushed water the cleaning of matrix material simpler.

The composite material developed seems to be more flexible when compared to plywood. However bending test has to be done to assess the flexibility or bending strength of newly developed material.

It seems that fracture rupture strength of the composite developed is better than plywood. However impact test has to be conducted to


assess impact strength of the newly developed material.

Conclusions

Alternate uses of areca nut husk in engineering applications are studied and in this project, a new material is being developed using areca nut husk fibre as the reinforcement with waste plastic covers as the matrix material. Trials with different layer thicknesses viz. 2 mm & 5 mm show that there is scope for alternate use for this composite in engineering applications such as window shutters, panels etc.

Scope for future study

Composite with 12 mm & 25 mm needs to be fabricated and trials need to be carried out.

Characterization of the developed material needs to be carried out.

The research work scope can further be expanded using liquid metallurgy methodology.

55. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF TITANIUM OXIDE AS A TBC ON 4-STROKE C I ENGINE PERFORMANCE

COLLEGE : KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR GUIDE : SRI. BASAVARAJ GANIGER STUDENTS : MOHANKUMAR SUHAS BHAT SUNILKUMAR TEERTHKUMAR

Introduction

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of TBCs on diesel C I Engine brake thermal efficiency and fuel consumption at different engine loads. Experiments are conducted with single cylinder, directly injected, water cooled, constant speed C I engine. First the engine is tested at different load conditions without coating. Then the combustion chamber surfaces (piston crown face, cylinder head & valves) are coated with ceramic material. Ceramic layers are made of TiO2-Y2O3 by using plasma coating Technique onto the base of NiCrAlY bond coat to the thicknesses of 0.25mm & 0.08mm respectively. The coated research engine is tested at the same conditions as the standard (without coating) engine. The results showed a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption and an increase in brake thermal efficiency.

Experimental Work

The piston, cylinder head and valves coated with Partially Stabilized Titanium Oxide to the thickness 330µm (A 70µm super alloy bond coating (NiCrAlY) is first applied to these engine components then coated with a 250µm thin coating of TiO2-Y2O3).The engine components are coated using robotized plasma spray technique. The ceramic coated engine is compared to standard engine.

Fig.1 shows the schematic diagram of the complete experimental setup. It is provided with temperature sensors for the measurement of jacket water, calorimeter water, and calorimeter exhaust gas inlet and outlet temperature. It is also provided with pressure sensors for the measurement of combustion gas pressure and fuel injection pressure. An encoder is fixed for crank angle record. The signals from these sensors are interfaced with a computer to an engine indicator to display, P-V and fuel injection pressure versus crank angle plots. The provision is also made for the measurement of volumetric fuel flow. The built-in program in the system calculates indicated power, brake power, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency and heat balance. The software package is fully configurable and averaged diagram, P-V plot and liquid fuel injection pressure diagram can be obtained for various operating conditions.

Fig.1: Schematic Diagram of the Experimental Set-up

First standard engine (without coating) is fully instrumented and connected to the dynamometer. The experiments are conducted at constant speed and at four different loads levels viz., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of full load. The required engine load percentage is adjusted by using the eddy current dynamometer. In second stage the procedure is repeated for coated engine.

The engine has a compression ratio of 17.5 and a normal speed of 1500 RPM controlled by the governor. An injection pressure of 210 bar is used for the best performance as specified by the manufacturer. The engine is first run with neat diesel at loading conditions; 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of rated load. At each loading conditions, performance parameters


namely speed, exhaust gas temperature, brake power, peak pressure are measured under steady state conditions.

Results and discussion:

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

Fig.2: Brake Specific Fuel Consumption v/s Load

Figure 2 shows the variation of the brake specific fuel consumption in standard and coated engines at different loads. It can be observed that there is 7% decrease in BSFC at lower loads and about 14% decrease in BSFC at higher loads for ceramic coated engine when compared to standard engine. This can attributed to high temperature reached in the combustion chamber which results in better combustion efficiency. For example from Table 1 it can be noted that the brake specific fuel consumption for standard engine with neat diesel at 60% is 0.364 kg/kW-hr, where as in coated engine at same load, the brake specific fuel consumption slightly decreases to 0.313 kg/kW-hr, with a decrement of 0.051kg/kW-hr. i e nearly 14%.

Brake Thermal Efficiency

Fig.3: Brake Thermal Efficiency v/s Load

Figure 3 shows the variation of brake thermal efficiency for standard and coated engines with neat diesel at different loads. It can be observed that the brake thermal efficiency increases with brake power. Also the brake thermal efficiency for

standard engine with neat diesel at 60% load is 26.83% whereas where as in coated engine the efficiency is 31.05% with an increment of 4.22%..

Exhaust Gas Temperature

Fig.4 : Exhaust Gas Temperature v/s Load

Figure 4 shows the variation of exhaust gas temperature for diesel in standard and coated engines. It can be observed that with a neat diesel there is an increase in temperature of exhaust gas by about 20˚ when compared with the standard engine. This increase in exhaust gas temperature in coated engine is attributed to the fact that the insulated combustion chamber retains the heat released.

Peak Pressure

Fig.5: Variation of Peak Pressure v/s Load

Figure shows the variation of cylinder pressure with respect to the crank angle recorded by the software for diesel at 17.5 compression ratio for both standard engine and coated engine.

The variation of peak pressure with respect to the crank angle for both standard engine and coated engine as shown in figure 5. It can be seen that the cylinder peak pressure with coated engine is relatively maximum compared with standard diesel engine. This is because of the retained heat of combustion due to surface insulation. And also because of catalytic effect


of TiO2 which increases the combustibility of combusted mixture.

Conclusions

There is a noticeable decrease in Specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in Coated Engine with Neat diesel.

In the coated engine there is a maximum decrease in brake specific fuel consumption of about 7% at lower loads and 14% at higher loads.

Due to thin coating of 250µm there is maximum increase in brake thermal efficiency of about 4.22%

Peak pressure is found more in coated engine because of insulation there is an increase in combustion chamber temperature during combustion cycle.

In Coated engines it is found that due to insulation the heat released is retained in the combustion chamber hence gives more power output and exhaust gas temperatures increases.


The combustion characteristics can be studied for different compression ratios.

Detailed research can be taken on emission characteristics like Co, CO2, NOX & HC

Combustion and emission characteristics can be studied by inducing turbulence.

56. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FASTER BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION

COLLEGE : NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. N. KAPILAN STUDENTS : ABHISHEK KUMAR ROSHAN KERKETTA ROHIT KUMAR SRIVASTAV PINAK KUMAR NATH

Introduction

In the present investigation the blends of varying proportions of Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME) and diesel were used to run a double cylinder CI engine and significant improvements in engine performance and emission characteristics were

observed. The thermal efficiency of the engine was improved, and emission of smoke was decreased.

Objective

To produce bio-diesel using conventional method.

To study the feasibility of using microwave radiation to produce biodiesel.

To study the effect of process variables on biodiesel yield

To study the fatty acid composition of biodiesel.

To determine properties of bio diesel.

To study the effect of bio diesel on engine performance

Methodology:

Materials Used : Crude Honge Oil Pongamia Pinnata, KohCatalyst, MethanolReagent

Procedure involved : Bio-diesel is produced using Microwave Radiations.

100ml Of Honge Oil, 20ml Of Methanol, Is Mixed Thoroughly With 1gm Of Koh In A Round Bottom Flask And Is Stirred Well By Mechanical Stirrer

The Mixture Is Then Heated For 30-60sec With Varying Power Input.

Figure Shows the Experimental Setup Bio-diesel Production


Results:

Volumetric analysis of product:

REACTANT PRODUCT

HONGE OIL (ml)

METHANOL

(ml)

KOH (gm)

METHANOL

(ml)

BIODIESEL

(ml)

GLYCERINE

(ml)

100 20 1 2 92 15

Time analysis of reaction.

REACTION TIME SETTLING TIME

2 minute 30 minute

Conclusion

Bio-diesel yield using conventional method is 70.86% and in microwave method is 88.3%

Bio-diesel yield using Reaction time in conventional method was of 90min where as it was only 2min in case of microwave method.

Similarly settling time in conventional method was of 3 hours where as it was only 30min in case of microwave method.

Based on the analysis of reaction time involved in both the process it can be clearly seen that microwave method is more efficient than that of conventional method in terms of power consumption.


The setup used for the production of biodiesel in this project can be further modified into a online biodiesel production unit by using a pump at the outlet line and can be calibrated accordingly.

57. INVESTIGATIONS ON HYDRAULIC DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION OF PIEZOACTUATOR FOR MACRO/MICRO POSITIONING APPLICATIONS

COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : DR. MURALIDHARA STUDENTS : NARASIMHA BHAT PRADHAN PRABHAKAR NAYAK GIRIDHAR G. PAI SHIVAPRASAD S. DANGE

Introduction

Piezoactuators are widely used in different engineering applications because of their high

dynamic response, higher positioning accuracy, high stiffness, low wear and tear and compact design. However, piezoactuators have limited displacement which makes them suitable only for micro and nano positioning systems. This project intends to investigate the displacement amplification of a piezoactuator using hydraulic amplification principle. An electro-mechanical model is developed to estimate the displacement of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator for the applied input voltage considering the hysteresis behaviour. Piezoelectric actuator is used to deflect a metal diaphragm which displaces a certain volume of hydraulic fluid into smaller diameter piston chamber where the amplified displacement is obtained.

Objective

To develop an electro-mechanical model for the piezoactuator

Simulation and experimental verification of the piezoactuator model

To develop a piezoactuator with hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism

Methodology

A prototype piezoactuator is developed with hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism as shown in Fig. 1. It consists of a piezoactuator with flexural amplifier is connected to a metal diaphragm. Based on the displacement of the piezoactuator, the metal diaphragm displaces a known volume ‘V1’ of oil in to the cylinder consisting of a piston as shown in Fig. 1. From the Fig.1(a), it can be derived that l2 = V1/A2 , where l2 is the displacement of the piston, V1 is the volume of oil displaced due to the displacement of the metal diaphragm, and A2 is the cross sectional area of the piston in the hydraulic displacement amplifier. Figure 1(b) represents the electromechanical model for the piezoactuator considering hysteresis behaviour. Simulations have been performed at different actuator input voltages to estimate displacement of the piezoactuator. Figure 2(a) shows the actuator input voltage and the resulting displacement variations with time without the hydraulic amplification system. A triangular voltage signal of 0-150 V amplitude was given as the input signal for the electro-mechanical model of the piezoactuator. From the figure it can be seen that the simulated output displacement of the piezoactuator was found to be 20 µm corresponding to input signal of 150V which was in good agreement with the specification of the Multi-layer actuator (MLA 10*10*20, CEDRAT Technologies, France).


Fig. 1 (a) Piezoactuator with hydraulic displacement amplification system (b) Electro-mechanical model

of the piezoactuator


The Figure 2(b) shows the simulated hysteresis behaviour of the piezoactuator for the triangular input signal of 0-150 V amplitude.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 2 (a) Actuator input voltage and displacement variations with time. (b) Modelled hysteresis behaviour between applied voltage and resulting displacement

Figure 3(a) shows the shape of the deformed metal diaphragm which is assumed to be partial sphere and

its volume is estimated to be 2 236D

hV h r

. Another

assumption for the displaced volume is a conical

volume of magnitude, 21

3DV r h , where r and h

values are as represented in Fig.3(a). Based on these assumptions, the hydraulic amplification factor AF is

estimate to be 2 2

2 2

1 1and

2 3p p

r r

r r

for spherical and

conical volume respectively. Figure 3(b) shows the simulated results of amplified displacement of the actuator for r = 30 mm and rp = 5 mm which resulted in an amplification factor of 18 and 12 respectively in the above two cases.


Fig. 3 (a) Model for the displaced metal diaphragm b) Piezoactuator displacement and amplified

displacement (Simulation)

In the present work, an effort is made to investigate the displacement amplification of a piezoactuator using hydraulic amplification principle. As per the objectives of this project work in this report we have developed a piezoactuator with hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism and investigated the static and dynamic behaviour of the actuator. Hence with this prototype actuator with hydraulic amplification mechanism can be used for micro/macro applications with a ± 1µ micro meter accuracy which widens the limits of the actuator.

Scope for improvement:

Experimental investigation on displacement amplification factor of the hydraulic displacement amplifier.

Closed loop control of the developed piezoactuator for positioning control.

Application of the develop actuator for micro/macro positioning control application actions.

58. REDUCTION OF EMISSION USING BI-METALLIC PISTON IN CI ENGINE

COLLEGE : RAO BAHADUR Y. MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELLARY GUIDE : SRI HIREGOUDAR YERRENNAGOUDA STUDENTS : TEJESH M. PATIL GAVISH CHANDRASHAKER UCHAPPA

Introduction

The environment pollution caused by the automobile industry has knocked the many researchers to think over to reduce the pollution with this automobile industry ,The present automobile industry ie like petrol engine, diesel engine which depend on the fossil fuel like petrol and diesel as fuel. All over the world many researchers are trying to reduce the emission from these engines to protect from the environment air pollution, For the above said problem many researchers have developed the catalyst converts to reduce the exhaust emission like methane, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide.

Methodology

For the present investigation it is planned to modify the existing diesel engine into semi adiabatic air gap composite silver crown alloy piston. This modified air gap semi adiabatic composite alloy silver crown piston acts as a regenerative surface & also acts as catalyst for the reduction of emissions in the exhaust gases.

The composite silver alloy piston crown is made up of with Silver, Copper, Aluminum, Cesium and Cadmium which acts as a catalyst for the reduction of emission. Some catalytic boosters are also added to the composite alloy like Cesium, Cadmium, Platinum, Copper. It is also planned to modified the fuel injector to supply double the amount of fuel, to match energy density that of diesel.

The composite piston crown, piston acts as a catalyst for the reduction of exhaust emission during the combustion.


The composite alloy piston Crown is prepaid using powder metallurgy technology for accuracy its composition prepared.

Diagram

Result

With the use of conventional piston and silver piston CO is reduced to 31.91%

With the use of conventional piston and silver piston Hydro carbon is reduced to 28.35%

The variation of Hydrocarbons (HC) in ppm using conventional piston and silver piston which is subjected to working load of 2.5 KW, by histogram can easily say that the HC is reduced to 31.34%

59. DEVELOPMENT OF WEAR RESISTANT HIGH VELOCITY OXY-FUEL CERMET COATINGS ON GAS TURBINE BLADES

COLLEGE : REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. RAMESH M. R. AND SHRI N. JAGADEESWARAN STUDENTS : CHIRAG J. SHETTY MOHAMED NASEEF RINCE RAJ YASH KRISHNA MUSAFAR A.

Introduction

High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) spray process has grown in to a well-accepted industrial technology for

obtaining wear and corrosion resistant layer. In the present study, HVOF process which uses kinetic energy and output of a supersonic flow of burned liquid petroleum fuel gas was used to deposit Co-based hard facing Stellite 6, Oxide alloy and carbide alloy cermets powder on gas turbine blade substrate materials. The microstructures and several properties of the coatings have been investigated to evaluate its potential for application in power generation industry. The Wear test carried on Pin-on-disk for different loading and speed conditions on substrate and coated materials. The sliding wear resistance of the cermets coating is seven times higher than that of the uncoated steel. The sliding wear resistance of the cermets coating can be attributed to the formation of the protective oxide layer on the surface due to flash temperature generated during sliding also the unique layered microstructure of HVOF coating improves the wear resistance. The abrasive wear resistance of coated steel is higher when compared to uncoated steel due to severe plastic deformation and the higher hardness ratio between silicon carbide particles and steel which might have caused the penetration of the particle on the surface providing shielding effect against wear.

Wear Resistance

0

50

100

150

200

250

Stellite 6-1kg

Al2O3-1kg

Cr3C2-1kg

Stellite 6-2kg

Al2O3-2kg

Cr3C2-2kg

Coatings

Wea

r R

esis

tan

ce

Stellite 6-1kg

Al2O3-1kg

Cr3C2-1kg

Stellite 6-2kg

Al2O3-2kg

Cr3C2-2kg

Methodology and Conclusions

Stellite 6, Al2O3 + CoNiCrAlY, and (Cr3C2-NiCr) + CoNiCrAlY which are the candidate coatings used for turbine blade applications coated on substrate material by HVOF process method to the present study to evaluate its friction and wear properties. The materials are characterized with respect to its microstructure and hardness. The samples are cutted 5mm X 5mm X 5mm in metallurgical saw without damage of coating. The As-coated samples are subjected to adhesive wear in Pin on disc tribometer. Following are the conclusions drawn out of the studies.

The microstructure of Stellite 6, Al2O3 + CoNiCrAlY, and (Cr3C2-NiCr) + CoNiCrAlY show the distribution of Carbides.


The Coefficient of friction for coated materials shows a decrease in trend with the increment in load probably due to softening at the contact region with the flash temperature generated during sliding contact.

The coefficient of friction appears to be dependent on microstructure, homogeneity and the phases present. It is found to be independent of the hardness.

The wear resistance of coated material is shows comparison between the three different coatings.

The wear resistance of the material used is in the following order

Al2O3 + CoNiCrAlY >Cr3C2-NiCr) + CoNiCrAlY > Stellite 6

The specific wear rate observed during dry sliding wear test found to be very less in comparison to uncoated materials.

60. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DIESEL PLANT

COLLEGE : SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. M. C. MATH STUDENTS : ASHUTOSH KUMAR DAYA SHANKAR JHA ISHWER CHANDAR KUMAR KANHAIYA KUMAR

Objectives

Selection of low grade oil in order to reduce the cost of biodiesel production.

Use of two stages transestrification process for biodiesel production.

Optimization of process parameters such as amount of methanol, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature for the production of biodiesel.

Investigation of fuel properties of biodiesel and its blend with conventional diesel (B20, B40, B60, B80).

Investigation of performance parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine.

Exhaust gas analysis of a single cylinder diesel engine.

Economic analysis of biodiesel and its blend with conventional diesel.

Methodology

Determination of Free fatty acid level of selected samples.

FFA level is greater than 0.5 %, and hence acidic – alkaline two stage transestrification was used.

14 experiments were conducted by varying one parameter and keeping all other parameters constant.

For all samples, the selected oil was heated to 800C to remove all solid fats.

The heated oil is transferred to the biodiesel digester (Figure.1) where it is stirred the oil with the help of a stirrer controlled by a low rpm motor. The digester is also provided with a condenser to separate methanol and convert it into liquid form.

Calculated amount of methanol, NaOH were added to the heated oil and the solution was stirred continuously with motor operated sitter at different reaction temperature and reaction time.

The solution is allowed to settle for 8 to 10 hours. As density of glycerin is more than of the bio-diesel, it gets separated out through a two way valve and collected in a glycerin container.

The bio-diesel is then washed with water in a mixture tank provide with a stirrer controlled by a motor. Waste water is drained out through a two-way valve.

Separated bio-diesel is then passed through an evaporator to remove moisture if any.

Pure bio-diesel is collected in a bio-diesel tank that is ready for use.

Figure 1 : Biodiesel digester

Result and conclusion

Process parameters have been optimized successfully in order to get maximum yield.


A small scale biodiesel digester was designed and developed ion order to carry out experimental work.

Without much compromising with thermal efficiency, biodiesel can be used as an alternative to diesel oil.

By using small scale biodiesel digester, it is possible to use generated biodiesel for diesel engine generators.

It can be concluded that B20 can be used in the first phase as a replacement to conventional diesel. 100 % diesel replacement is not possible at this juncture because huge quantity of low grade oil will be required.

Application of project:

Biodiesel can be used a rural energy by using in Tractors.

Big restaurants, multinational companies and other big hotels can use biodiesel in order to run their diesel engine generators.

The generated fuel from this plant can be used extensively in diesel engine generators.

61. SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO ALUMINA PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD

COLLEGE : SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : A. J. K. PRASAD STUDENTS : VINAY KRISHNA PIDURU SHYAM NARAYAN MISHRA RAJESH RANJAN BIGYAN JYOTI CHOUDHARY

Introduction

The SOI – Gel Method: This process is named because it usually involves a stage of SOI (solids suspended in a continuous liquid phase) formation and then a stage of gellation (liquid particles/pockets suspended in a continuous solid phase). SOI-gel also refers to processing in a liquid medium to obtain solid matter (such as solid particles) which does not settle under the effects of gravity.

Methodology

Using commercially available aluminum wire (99.8 electrical grade), Nano Alumina has been produced by SOI Gel method. It comprises of following steps.

Dissolution of electrical grade commercially available aluminum wire in 30% NaOH solution and converting it into sodium aluminate.

Filtration to remove dirt or grease and to get pure sodium aluminate solution.

Conversion of sodium aluminate to aluminum isopropoxide by refluxing equal volume of sodium aluminate and isopropyl alcohol for about 24 hrs. For complete conversion of sodium aluminate to aluminum isopropoxide (C3H6OAI)

Distillation to recover unspent isopropyl alcohol

Neutralization of aluminum isopropoxide (which is in the basic range) with dilute hydrochloric acid to bring the PH near neutral range, in this step (solution of aluminum hydroxide Al (OH)3 is produced.

Gradual neutralization to the near neutral range, formation of Nano aluminum hydroxide (Al2(OH)3)

Repeated washing of gel with distilled water to remove residual chloride ions.

The absence of chloride ions has been revealed by the appearance of a clear solution when treated with dilute silver nitrate solution.

The resulting Gel has been dried at room temperature in the forced circulation of air.

The nano alumina thus obtained has been characterized by scanning elector microscopy (SEM) and EDAX, transmission electron microscopic (TEM). The particles were in the nano range i. e. within 1nm to 1oo nm.


Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) taken at 25000 X has been presented and from this figure, it may be seen that the particles are spherical to shape. The average size of each particle is in the range 120 nm. Small irregular particles agglomerate into these spherical particles. The size of the small particles contain within the range of 20 – 40 nm. It can be informed the nano alumina powder prepared by sol-gel method is indeed a nano powder containing particles within the range (1X10-9 m to 100-9 m).

Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of nano aluminum powder (Al2O3) taken at a magnification of 30,000X has been presented. It is observed that nano alumina powder agglomerated particles is in the range of 50 – 60 nm, the agglomerated particle contains very small particles which are in size range of 2 – 4 nm.

Conclusion

1. It has been possible to produce nano aluminium powder from commercially available electrical grade aluminium wire by sol-gel method.

2. Nano aluminium powder has been found to contain particles in the nano meter range ( 10 x 10-

9 m – 100 x 10-9 m)


3. It has been possible to palletize the nano aluminium powder using paraffin wax binder.

4. Sintering studies have been performed at temperatures of 750ºC, 800ºC, 850º C and 900º C for 18 to 22 hours.

5. It has been observed that nano alumina pellets sintered at lower temperature (750º C to 850º C) were crumbling and were not having strength.

6. Pellets sintered at 900º C for 18 hours duration have been found to retain strength and shape.


To produce nano aluminium for commercially available aluminium wirer (99.8% pure, electrical grade wire) by sol-gel method

Filtration to remove dirt or grease and to get clear sodium aluminate solution

Refluxing of sodium aluminate with isopropyl alcohol (1:1 v\v ) for 48 hrs

Distillation of this mixture to recover unspent isopropyl alcohol

Neutralization of aluminum isoproxide (which is an basic range) with dilute HCL till near neutral pH range is attained

In this process of neutralization as the pH changes from basic to neutrakl pH range, it can be observed that initially Al(OH)3 precipitate in very small quantity which in the form of sol. By the progressive addition of dilute HCL the sol correspondingly changes to gel.

Repeated washing of this gel, namely nano Al(OH)3 with distilled water to completely drive off chloride ions as evidence by the absence of silver chloride precipitate by treatment of super nature liquid with dilute AgNO3

Drying the Al(OH)3 gel at room temperature with or without forced air circulation to get nano Al2O3

To compact nano alumina powder with a suitable binder such as wax to get nano alumina pallets

Optimization of sintering parameters (Time and Temperature)

62. SCORING & GALLING ON SHEET METAL FORMED PANELS

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDES : DR. SANJEEVA MURTY AND MR. DEVIDAS BIRADAR STUDENTS : ERANNA H. GUNDURAO M. MANJU YADAV C. J. PRASHANT

Introduction

Sheet metal behavior during the actual press production is difficult to define and measure. As mentioned, production is a complex interaction of many variables so that the effect of variable is difficult to observe, much less measure, therefore most information is restricted to an obvious lubrication effect Scoring and Galling.

During deformation of metal over a tool, contact occurs only at the peaks of the sheet and the tool surface, depending on the morphology of the surfaces, high contact pressure can be generated which cause micro welding of the asperities. Upon surface sliding these welds are sheared, the resulting debris may then adhere to the tool surface and scratch the work piece. This phenomenon has been called Scoring, Galling and metal pick up. Even with a lubricant, plastic deformation of the surface asperities may lead to prow-like debris.

Many investigations have been conducted to define the effect of sheet metal roughness on Galling. These studies have shown that non galling surfaces generally had an arithmetical average roughness of Ra=O.7 to 1.5 micrometers and a peak density of 3.7 to 5.7 peaks per mm. Less roughness and greater peak density were shown to be detrimental because the surface area become too large compare to the valleys. The debris generated could not become trapped in the valleys to be removed from the deformation zone and the lubricant. Therefore had only minor reservoirs.

Methodology

For the detailed study of scoring and galling following methods is to be adopted

Step: 1 : Problem identification.

Step: 2: Definition of the problem.

Step: 3 : Analysis.

Step: 4 : Experimentation.

Step: 5 : Conclusion.

Step 1 : Problem Identification : Inspection of cab panels leads to the conclusion that the major defects. Namely Scoring and Galling were the primary concern during forming process of the panel's .It was found that appearance of Scoring/Galling is not acceptable from aesthetic point of view and no impact on strength or any other mechanical property of the material. Hence the main objective of the undertaken project is to device methods to eliminate Scoring and galling on the panels


Step 2 : Definiton of Problem : Scoring and Galling are characteristic marking that appears~ on the surface of low carbon steel, after the final fonning of the sheet metal. These Scoring lines appear during early stages of forming. In stamping those are visible on the surface,

Results:

Due to Lubrication Effect

Component-BELT COVER

Grade

EDD

Size-l mm x 500 mm x 600 mm

Material Property YS- I 66 Mpa

UTS- 307 Mpa

%EL- 47%

Ra - 1.06 micron

Regular Lubricant- Coconut Oil

New Lubricant-Qwaker Draw I 49 GM SC

Required SPM 2.86

Actual Achieved- 2.63&2.39-For batch qty of 300 min

Conclusion

Galling is reduced by using different lubrication.

After the detailed analysis of the problem necessary correction will be done in the material, lubricant, die surface, and pressing machine. Which will be help to eliminate/ reduce scoring galling on the skin panels of the vehicle'

Proper thickness reduction ratio while cold rolling of the sheet metal (around 30%)

Proper control of percentage thickness reduction during the skin process. (Reduction between 3 & 4%)

63. EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBERS REINFORCED/EPOXY HYBRID BIO-COMPOSITES

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : MR. GIRISHA C.

STUDENTS : AMIT KUMAR CHAUBEY ANKAJ KUMAR JHA MANOJ KUMAR GOGOI SANJEEV KUMAR

Introduction

There is a growing interest in the use of natural fibers as reinforcing components for both thermoplastic and thermo set matrices, because of the ideal benefits offered by natural fibers such as convenient renewability, biodegradability, and environmentally friendliness.

Biocomposites which have natural fibers as reinforcements have increasingly attracted attention because they may be a promising material not only as a novel material for natural resource, eco-friendliness, sustainability, lightness, carbon dioxide reduction in nature and cost-effectiveness, but also as an alternative to conventional glass fiber polymer composites in many industrial and commodity applications.

The aim of this work is to explore the possibility of improving the effective mechanical properties of a thermo set matrix reinforced with natural fibers enhancing the fiber–matrix interphase interactions.

Methodology

Selection of Matrix Material: Epoxy CY 230 resin belonging to the Epoxide family was taken as the matrix. HY 951 was used as the hardener.

Selection of Reinforcement-Natural Fibers: Natural fibers such as Sisal, Coconut coir and Aracnut were selected as reinforcements in the Polymer composite.

Surface Treatment of Fibers: Freshly drawn fibers generally include lots of impurities that can adversely affect the fiber matrix bonding. Consequently the composite material made from such fibers may not possess satisfactory mechanical properties. Therefore it is desirable to eliminate the impurity content of the fibers and perhaps enhance the surface topography of the fibers to obtain a stronger fiber-matrix bonding.

As such the fibers were separated into two parts:

1. 1st part was immersed in 10 % NaOH solution.

2. 2nd part was immersed in clean water.

The fibers were left to treat for 3-4 hrs. Later they were drawn and dried under sunlight for 1-2 hours.

Mould Preparation: Moulds were prepared from sheet metal with dimensions 300x35x15 mm3. Casting of the composite materials is done in this mould. Later


specimens were cut from the prepared casting according to ASTM standards

Preparing the Matrix and Casting of Specimens: 150 ml of epoxy resin was taken in a beaker and mixed with 15 ml hardener by stirring at 45 rpm for about 10 minutes.

The specimens were casted by simple hand lay up technique-The moulds were sprayed with mould releasing agent. Resin was poured into the mould to a height of about 1 mm. A measured quantity of the fibers was laid on it. The remaining resin was poured over it and left to cure for 24 hours in normal atmospheric conditions.

Preparation of Specimen for Testing: The cured epoxy and composite specimens are prepared by machining them into rectangular shape. The specimen dimensions are 300x35x15 mm3 as per ASTM D 638 standards. The fiber content in the specimens were varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%.

Specimen Dimensions: The specimens were prepared for tensile testing as per the ASTM D 638 standards: width 19 mm, effective length 57 mm, thickness 14 mm

Tensile Test:

The equipment used for Tensile test is UTM (Universal Testing Machine), manufactured by Fine Instrument Engineering Limited, Poona,! 979, model 7181, Capacity- 40 tons. The tension tests for the specimens are conducted according to ASTM D 638 standards, with width 19 mm, thickness 14 mm, effective length 57 mm. A uniaxial load is applied through both the ends and at constant strain rate of 5 mm per minute.

The readings obtained for the tensile tests are further analyzed and compared through graphical representations.

It was found that the combination of fibers namely Sisal and Aracnut had a greater tensile strength for 30% weight fraction of fiber, which was treated with NaOH.

The combination of the three fibers (Sisal+ Aracnut+ Coconut coir) for 30% weight fraction an NaoH treated had a tensile strength of 71 Mpa.

Conclusion

This study inspected the effect of surface treatment on natural fibers such as Sisal, Coconut coir and Aracanut fibers and its

influence on the tensile properties of reinforced Epoxy Hybrid composites.

The following conclusions could be drawn:

The fibers Sisal, Coconut coir and Aracanut fibers was successfully used to fabricate hybrid natural composites with varying the fiber percentage from 0%-30%.

The natural fibers used such as Sisal, Coconut coir and Aracanut gave a substantial improvement in the strength of the composite, when compared with the matrix material.

All the composite materials fabricated gave maximum tensile modulus for 30% weight fraction. (both water treated and NaOH treated)

The hybridization gave improvement in the strength when compared to single fiber reinforcement. (use of more than one fiber as reinforcement)

The tensile strength of epoxy is 38-48 MPa with 3-4 % elongation and with increase of fiber loading capacity by 30 % the tensile strength increase.

So, it is clearly indicates that inclusion of natural fibers improves the load bearing capacity (tensile strength) of the composites.

With surface treatment there is an overall increase of 15-20 % of tensile strength in the composite materials.

The Natural fiber morphology has been changed due to NaOH treatment.

These hybrid composites can be used in industrial and domestic applications.

Scope of future improvement

It can be extended to newer composites using other reinforcing phases and the resulting experimental findings can be similarly analyzed.

In the present work interest is given for the study of Tensile strength analysis only. But the same work can be extended for bending, shear, and fatigue strength analysis.

Tribological Properties evaluation of Natural Fiber reinforced Epoxy resin composite has been a much less studied area. There is a very wide scope for future study to explore this area of research. Many other aspects of this problem like effect of fiber orientation, loading pattern, weight


fraction of ceramic fillers on wear response of such composites require further investigation.

Other applicable methods for surface treatment of the fibers to enhance their fiber-matrix adhesion properties can be carried on, with a view to obtain further improvements in the mechanical properties of the composites.


64. UNMANNED GUN CONTROL MECHANISM

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDES : DR. K. VISWANATH STUDENTS : BHARATH KUMAR V. BHARATH RAJ B. K. KIRAN S. G. SUJAN P.

Objectives

To safeguard the people who are guarding our boundaries (Siachen Glacier) and it needs to take care of the issues that are faced by Indian soldiers.

Data collection and acquiring knowledge about robotics.

Acquiring the knowledge about image processing advanced concepts.

Acquiring the knowledge about embedded programming on stepper motor and its controlling.

Programming, debugging and testing the MATLAB code and embedded code.

Hardware circuit designing.

Hardware testing and debugging.

Methodology

A mechanism which will employ image processing in which a camera (webcam) will be continuously observing the ‘area under surveillance’.

This data will be then processed by a MATLAB code which will be running on a PC and will be able to detect a particular colour (Say Red) in front of a white back ground (depicting snow).

Depending on this processed data the information about the intruder location will be sent to a micro-controller (89C51) via the Serial/Parallel port of the PC and then a motor controlled gun will be used to point in the direction of the intruder.

This mechanism will be online i.e. the gun will continuously be pointing in the direction of the intruder. Further depending on range (distance from the gun) (fixed range in this project) the gun can be activated and a Laser pointer will be switched ON to depict ‘shooting the target’.

Another feature of remote controlling will be incorporated to disable the device from a distance lest it might start shooting the people from the same country.

For this we will be using a wireless control employing TLP/RLP 434 devices whose wireless range can be extended up to 250Fts.

Further to take care of certain conditions when the enemy also visits the post in white dress and the device might fail to detect him, we propose a LASER sensors deployment along the periphery which will be able to identify incase anything has been present in front of it for a certain amount of time.

Details of work carried out

Stepper motor was placed on another stepper motor using a good gum.

For driving inductive load like relay we used ULN2003 and relay is used for the switching action of the stepper motor.

An extensive search was made for finding the coding related to image acquisition from camera.

Embedded coding related tutor was taken for the code dumping technique.

Image acquired from the camera was noisy, it was removed by software programming was done using advanced topic like Mathematical Morphology.

Micro switches where used to set the stepper motor to the initial position.

LDR based boundary security was done to safe guard the boundary from the intruder with white attire.

Transmitter and receiver were used to disable the gun action.


Results

Less skilled person is enough for the purpose of installation.

Automatic alignment of gun to the initial position.

Power supply required is very less for the operation.

Work excellently well in extreme condition.

The fuzziness of finding the intruder in white attire is been solved using LDR based boundary security.

Programs are portable.

Circuit design requires basic engineering concepts.

Conclusion

This project is designed to safeguard the boundaries at extreme conditions (Siachien), where human intervention is very difficult and save the

precious lives of our soldiers. It is used to reduce the power consumption of the microcontroller using OS concepts. The direction of the LASER is accurately pointed by aliening the camera with respect to the stepper motor. The power consumption of LASER is reduced by using relays.


Future work will concentrate on improving the accuracy of pointing the gun towards the intruder.

The new MATLAB coding should be developed for the night vision cameras.

To detect the intruder in complex background.

Implementing the same code for the detection of intruder to the home locations.

Improve the speed of the coding so that can be implemented in fast moving vehicles like helicopters.

* ~ * ~ *


EXHIBITION PROJECTS


65. CORRECTION OF HEMIPLEGIC DROP FOOT BY USING VERSATILE DROP FOOT STIMULATOR

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : MR. SHIVKUMAR M. AND MRS. SHUBHA V. PATEL STUDENTS : HITHAISHI R. REDDY ARUN KUMAR P. NARMADA S. PARSHURAM P. SHIRALKAR

Introduction

Hemiplegia refers to paralysis or abnormal movements on one side of a person either right or left portion of the body. Hemiplegia may be congenital or acquired from an illness or stroke. Hemiplegic drop foot is the inability to perform dorsiflexion at the swing phase of the gait. The gait correction in drop foot person can be achieved by peripheral nerve stimulation. A versatile drop foot stimulator has been developed with a very flexible architecture to enable the correction of hemiplegic drop foot. The portable unit has been carefully designed to optimize functionality while keeping its size and power consumption to a minimum. The device has two channels of stimulation, with all parameters of stimulation for each channel independently programmable. A microcontroller core is utilized to enable the implementation of different control algorithms. A PC-based user interface enables easy programming of the system configuration.

Objective

To design the device for correction of hemiplegic drop foot through the application of functional electrical stimulation to the common peroneal nerve at the swing phase of the gait cycle to perform the dorsiflexion.

Methodology

The ac supply from mains is used as a input to power supply unit which gives the constant voltage of 5volt dc to the PIC Microcontroller. User requirement specifications such as frequency and time are given to the PC through VISUAL BASIC software. The PC produces pulses with respect to requirement of the user. The microcontroller receives the pulses from PC through RS 232 interface and generates required PWM signal for stimulation circuit. The stimulation pulses are

delivered through electrodes from the stimulator circuit, to the common peroneal nerve of the anterior tibialis muscle of the person with hemiplegic drop foot. The stimulator design is based on a fly back DC–DC converter and a push/pull constant current output stage. With respect to user’s requirement the waveform parameters such as pulse duration and duty cycle are set. Waveform may be biphasic or monophasic in nature. The maximum current output of the stimulator is 120 mA per channel. External battery of 6V is used for user safety.

Block Diagram of Drop Foot Stimulator

Fig 1: Block Diagram of drop Foot Stimulator.

Results

Channel 1 output: Positive output pulse of 100mA of current, voltage ranging from 80 to 90 volts, frequency 8Hz and pulse width of 125msecs is obtained through data acquisition which is observed in computer screen.

Channel 2 output: Negative output pulse of 100mA of current, voltage ranging from 80 to 90 volts, frequency 8Hz and pulse width of 125msecs is obtained through data acquisition which is observed in computer screen.

Conclusion

The portable Functional Electrical Stimulator is developed and used for correction of the hemiplegic drop foot.

Future Scope

This can be implemented for quadriplegic patients.

With upcoming adavance technologies, the device size can be minimized further.


66. PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : MR. ANJANEYA L. H. AND MS. MUBINABI F. D. STUDENTS : NAYANA B. S. SHRUTI C. M. VEERENDRA T. M.

Introduction

An instrument that measures variations in the size of an organ or body part on the basis of the amount of blood passing through it. The recording of such a signal is called plethysmogram. The photoplethysmograph is a noninvasive device for detecting blood volume changes by optical means, The Heart rate can be determined using PPG signal. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure variability signals constitute unique probe for the assessment of cardiovascular control mechanisms in both physiological and clinical conditions. Qualitative assessment and clinical status of the subject and characterization of complex cardiovascular dynamics from blood volume pulsations can be measured non-invasively using PPG signal. The MATLAB software can be used to determine the Heart Rate using PPG signal.

Objectives

To design and develop a precise and accurate transmittance type photoplethysmograph.

To record the PPG signal by designing a suitable signal condition circuit and data acquisition system.

Analysis of PPG signals using signal processing techniques to determine Heart rate.

Methodology

Block Diagram of PPG System

Fig1: Block diagram of Photoplethysmograph system

V to I converter : This block is used to convert the input voltage into a current in order to drive the source LED. The input voltage supplied is 5 volts.

Light Source : Ultra Red Light Emitting Diode(LED) acts as the source of light. For this the maximum drive current required is approximately 100mA, and its wavelength is 660nm.

Detector : The sensor used has Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), which detects the transmitted or reflected radiations through the index finger, and equivalent changes are found in the output resistance and current.

I to V converter : The current output from the sensor is converted into voltage output for further processing.

Amplifier and filters : The weak signal from sensor is amplified by amplifiers with gain 101. amplified signal is filtered by notch filter & LPF to reduce noise.

Analog to Digital converter : To digitized and store the PPG signal can be used to multichannel data acquisition system to convert the analog input signal into digital one.

Computer : Output from the data acquisition unit the signal is sent to the computer for storage and further analysis.

Conclusion

The developed PPG system is accurate and precise, and it can be used effectively to find heart rate beating.

Future scope

The PPG device can be further applied for the determining the Blood Pressure

The device can also be used for the detection of several Heart diseases.

The device can also be used for the measurement of hemoglobin percentage in blood.

67. LOW COST EKG PULSOMETER COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. RAVIRAJ HAVALDAR STUDENTS : MAYOLLA DIAS V. R. LISHMA PRIYANKA HOSUR

Introduction

Pulse rate measurement plays a very important part in medical applications, athletic and sports training. There are several methods to measure pulse rates.


The electrical signal detection method has been used in this proposed application. A typical Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) can invariably be corrupted by electrical interference from surrounding equipment, measurement (or electrode contact) noise, electromyogram noise (muscle contraction), movement artifacts, baseline drift and respiratory artifacts, and instrument noise (such as artifacts from the ADC conversion). A variety of signal-processing techniques can be employed to filter the raw EKG signal prior to feature extraction and diagnosis of medical disorders. The prior heart heart calculation of EKG by analog and digital domains is performed by PSoC device.

Objectives

To design pulse oximeter for measuring the percentage of Arterial Blood

To extend the used pulse oximeter for the measurement of heart rate

Methodology

Figure 1: Pulse Oximeter Block Diagram

Figure 1 depicts the Pulse Oximeter block diagram. The device uses a modulated carrier technique in the sensor signal processing to increase noise resistance. The carrier generator forms the modulation signal, which drives the infrared and red Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The LED switch switches the LEDs with the frequency that is equal to the Analog and Digital Converter (ADC) sampling frequency.

The received light is converted into an electric signal by a photodiode and then amplified. The bias generator removes the low-frequency noise (any

constant level or AC-powered, lamp-induced) from the photodiode signal. It also provides stable bias voltage, regardless of external light, together with high input impedance to modulate the photodiode current frequency.

The amplified signal from the photodiode is rectified by a synchronous amplitude demodulator. The demodulator reference signal is set to the modulation signal. A low-pass filter (LPF) is necessary to remove the modulation signal. The LPF output is sampled directly by the integrating ADC. The ADC data stream process is implemented in firmware. It is divided into two paths Infrared LED (IR wave) and Red LED (RED wave) that each alternate with the ADC sampling rate. The ADC sampling rate equals 50 Hz. In addition, the digital LPFs remove the noise on the output signal. The high-pass filters (HPF) independently remove the DC component of the IR and RED waves from the LPF output signal. The differentiator separates the pulse beats of the IR wave. The pulse beats are detected by a smart peak detector with a threshold level that is automatically adjusted to increase the noise resistance and reliably handle signals with different pulsation amplitudes.

Using the IR and RED waves, the SpO2 calculating algorithm determines the ratio R that gives the Oxygen Saturation value S using Equations (3) and (4). The software calculates the pulse rate in beats-per-minute, and provides Pulse Oximeter status information via the graphical interface. Such information includes pulse rate, SpO2 level, error conditions and operation mode. To process external pulse wave signals and for debug purposes, the raw unfiltered Analog and Digital Converter (ADC) data can be sent via a RS232 port.

Results

The working of Pulse Oximeter is achieved by using a PSoC microcontroller. The two inputs are 5v battery and red and infrared LEDs.

The output from the photo detector is given as an input to the PSoC chip where the necessary calculations are made to calculate the SpO2 value and the heart rate is measured from R-R interval. Finally, the heart rate and SpO2 reading is displayed on the seven segment display.

Oxygen concentration determines the colour of the blood, which in turn determines the refraction of the light that passes through the skin. Thus, pulse oximeter analyzes the refraction to determine the bloods oxygen saturation: well-oxygenated blood is bright red, while blood carrying less oxygen is darker.

Conclusion

The Pulse Oximeter was developed. It can be used in medical, sports training and home appliance


applications. The expansion of PSoC based system can be done very easily and with lower cost. Here all the modules are mounted on a single chip and thus the hardware size is less. This property considerably reduces the system cost. Further, it can be used in clinical applications.

68. EASE - CAPSENSE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER

COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. KEERTI NAREGAL STUDENTS : CHETANA PATIL NILIMA S. DESHPANDE SNEHA R. GOURGONDA

Introduction

This project is dealt with designing an advanced blood glucose monitoring equipment which can be interfaced through PSoC microcontroller. The glucometer here is a device used to measure the amount of glucose present in the blood and displays the value in the LCD. The project designed here consists of advanced parameters like sensor and glucose sensor, also a Capsense interface.

Practically speaking Capsense technology isd known for its almpst zero consumption. The capsense is a better rerplacement for the mechanical switches. Making use of the various advantages of PSoC (Programmable System on Chip) and Capsense technology. It has designed a blood glucose monitoring device which has an added feature of sensing body temperature along with audio message indicating any variation from normal condition in both blood glucose level and temperature.

Methodology

Here the temperature sensor is used to sense the variations in the temperature and is fed into the PSoC Microcontroller with the help of instrumentation amplifier the signal is amplifer prior to microcontroller. The glucose senser is used to sense the blood sugar level and is given into the microcontroller as an input the two inputs can be controlled by a touch screen wherein the touch screen is used as a input interface unit which interface the temperature sensor and the glucose sensor input with the help of CapSense button.

The microcontroller used here cheeks and measure the values or data and displays it on the LCD screen as output, there is a speech processing unit which is interfaced in which the voice can be obtained as an output through the speaker giving the information about abnormalities in the temperature and also the blood glucose level.

Advantages

Provide immediate results

Easy to use

Consumes less power comparatively

They help monitoring temperature and glucose level everyday

Less invasive

Portable

Easy to read display

Future Scope

Used by the diabetic patients as home health care device and also by doctors, nurses in clinics and hospitals for monitoring blood glucose level.

Different sleep modes of Capsense can be implemented which reduces the operating power consumption of the device. Existing buttons on many different medical devices can be replaced by Capsense buttons. Scope of Blood Glucose monitoring device can be Telemetry.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

69. DESIGN AND ECONOMICAL PERFORMANCE OF GRAY WATER TREATMENT UNIT

COLLEGE : GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : SMT. SAI DARSHAN T. R. STUDENTS : CHETHAN S. GOWDA UMESH KUMAR N. ROSAN B. L. CHAITRA KULKARNI

Introduction

Gray Water is non-industrial waste water generated from domestic processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing. Gray Water is distinct from black water in the amount and composition of its chemical and biological contaminates.

Gray Water treatment and reuse is an environmental friendly process as a control of water pollution. Many people have investigated the various waste water treatment methods extensively on the international and national levels and many researchers tried to reduce the cost of recycling the water. The household Gray Water can be reused for landscape irrigation, floor washing, car washing and toilet flushing etc. Gray Water has some important pollutants that are considered as fertilizer for the plants. Phosphorous, Nitrogen, and Potassium are excellent sources of nutrients while reusing Gray Water for irrigation of landscaping and gardens.


Objectives

Design a treatment unit that can effectively reduce the pollutants of gray water by natural materials.

Design a treatment unit which has less operation and maintenance cost.

Reduces the use of fresh water.

Reduces the load on septic tanks.

Make the Gray Water fit for domestic uses such as toilet flushing, floor washing, landscaping, irrigation etc.

Methodology

Laboratory scale gray water treatment plant is designed for 150 lit/hr capacity restricted four stage physical operations such as primary settling with cascade flow of water has 20 liters capacity, aeration has 20 liters tank capacity, agitation has also 20 liters and filtration unit of 20 liters. The sources of the gray water was collected from the college canteen in a tank and then pumped to the primary settling unit by the 0.5 HP pump. The flow rate of feed raw water is controlled by the manual control valve. Gravitational force is used for the flow of water from primary settling tank to the aeration, agitation and filtration unit to the storage tank.

The laboratory scale gray water treatment unit consists of

Screening unit

Primary settling tank

Aeration unit

Agitation unit

Filtration unit and

Storage tank

The natural materials such as sand, bricks, charcoal, gravel and coconut shell covers were used as an adsorbent in the filtration unit. The bed height of each material was determined and finalized by the experimentation.

Materials used in filtration unit


Gray Water was collected from the college canteen and the performances of system were investigated for these samples of Gray Water at steady state conditions and the average value data are summarized in table

All the parameters found in Gray Water were reduced and found better performance of the natural system. All the parameters are in safe limits and the treated Gray Water can be effectively used for toilet flushing,


landscaping, irrigation and floor washing etc. and can be discharged into river or stream after its use.

Various tests were conducted for the purpose of performance evaluation of the treatment unit and the results or each test is combined together and listed in table.

Sl. No

Parameter Before treatment

After treatment

1 pH 7.39 6.91

2 Total Settleable Solids 9 mg/ltr/hr 0 mg/ltr/hr

3 Total suspended solids 184 mg/ltr 0 mg/ltr

4 Total Dissolved solids 810 mg/ltr 501mg/ltr

5 DO 0 mg/ltr 7 mg/ltr

6 BOD 213 mg/ltr 110 mg/ltr

Test Results of Performance evaluation

The results presented in this study establish the potential applicability of the developed methodology. This laboratory scale gray water treatment plant is a combination of natural and physical operations such as settling with cascaded water flow, aeration, agitation and filtration, hence called as hybrid treatment process. All the natural and easily available low cost materials were used for the treatment process. The materials used in treatment unit are the waste materials, which can be easily procured and used as an efficient adsorbent in water treatment process for the removal of water pollutants from waste water.

Samples before and after treatment

In economy of the plant, power supply required is less, because system works on the natural force for flowing of water from first to last stage. The easily explicable operation, less maintenance of the plant and hence does not required the highly skilled personnel. After the investigations, due to the low energy demand, low operation and maintenance cost, lesser time consuming operation, this gives a

significant and efficient method for rural communities, and small industrial units for treatment and reuse of gray water.

The laboratory scale model shows the better and effective performance by the experiment and balances advantages and disadvantages of the system. As per the Indian standard, the treated water can be used for landscaping, gardening, toilet flushing, floor washing, car washing and irrigation.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates the reuse and treatment of gray water for the purpose of landscaping, gardening, irrigations, plant growths and toilet flushing. Based on finding of this study, this treatment technology can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional treatment plants in rural region since they are characterized by high potential for BOD, TDS, TSS, DO, oil and grease. The benefits found are low energy demand, less operating and maintenance cost, lower load on fresh water, less strain on septic tank, highly effective purification, and ground water recharge. Hence, this is an environmental friendly, without chemical operation, cost effective and resourceful plant.

70. DEVELOPMENT OF HOLLOW SOIL CEMENT BLOCKS FOR WALL CONSTRUCTION

COLLEGE : RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDES : DR. K. S. JAGADISH AND MR. MANJUNATH S. STUDENTS : VINAYAKA N.

Introduction

Stabilization and compaction of soil is required to improve the strength of the blocks, it alters the properties of soil in such a way that it does not lose its strength on saturation. Moreover, stabilization reduces the volume of voids.

Objectives

To produce hollow soil-cement block with various percentage of stabilization

To investigate the physical properties of hollow soil-cement blocks.

The parameters involved are.

Compressive strength

Water absorption

Bulk density

Masonry efficiency


To obtain economical and environmental-friendly masonry unit.

Methodology

The process of preparing hollow soil cement blocks may be illustrated with a series of sequential steps which are as follows

a) Preparation of soil: The soil is prepared by sieving it through a 5mm sieve to remove gravel, lumps of clay, organic matter etc.,

b) Mixing soil and Stabilizer: For the present work i.e, for the hollow soil cement blocks of size 30cm X 20cm X 16.5 cms, the stabilizer which is cement is taken in 3 proportions of 8 % , 10 % and 12 % Stablization.

c) Addition of moisture to the mixture: The amount of moisture to be added may be estimated approximately . However depending upon the type of soil 10 to 12 % of water can be added to the mixture of soil and cement.

Half the quantity of the water estimated is sprinkled on the soil stabilizer mixture which is spread thinly on level ground . The soil and water are mixed thoroughly by hand .The process is repeated with the remaining water. The moist soil plus stabilizer is now ready for block pressing.

d) Block Pressing : The block pressing is carried out by fabricating a steel mould with wooden inserts. The steel mould is fabricated using sheets of 5mm and then bolted. This set up is then placed on the wooden plywood with rectangular or circular depressions of 5mm depth making provisions for placing the tapered rectangular or circular wooden inserts.

The soil is poured into the mould with hand compaction using tamping rod. After having filled the mould with the soil it would be advisable to place a thin plate over the soil block sample in the mould and compact it thoroughly for better block finish.

e) Staking and Curing: The blocks have to be stacked for curing on a level ground , preferably in a shaded area to prevent quick loss of moisture on exposure to hot sun.

The blocks must be cured for 28 days by gently sprinkling moisture. The cured blocks are then tested for parameters such as Density, Water Absorption and Compressive Strength.


With the increase in the percentage of stabilizer there is a substantial increase in the

compressive strength of the Hollow Soil cement blocks.

The blocks manufactured with 10 % and 12% stabilization with strength in the range of 3.66 Mpa and 4.36 Mpa respectively can be easily used in the construction of 2 -3 storey Load bearing structures.

With the hollow soil cement blocks the dead weight on the structure is reduced and provision is made to introduce reinforcement in order to increase its performance.

The water absorption is also reduced due to stabilization of soil.

The masonry efficiency for the Hollow soil cement blocks for the three variations is in the range of 22 to 33 %.

The blocks when prepared with hand compaction is labour intensive there is a need to mechanize and design the block making process using machinery in order to produce the blocks on commercial basis.

Scope of future studies

The blocks when prepared with hand compaction is labour intensive there is a need to mechanize and design the block making process using machinery in order to produce the blocks on commercial basis.

The masonry behavior of hollow soil-cement block can be investigated.

The influence of reinforcement on hollow soil-cement block masonry can be investigated under axial and lateral loading.

Analytical investigation can be done by FEM package to validate the experimental values.

71. EFFECT OF AGGREGATE GRADATIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE

COLLEGE : SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDE : DR. M. C. NATARAJA STUDENTS : VINEETH L. PREETHAM P. JAIKUMAR P.

Objectives

To develop mix design for porous concrete with cement, cement plus fly ash and cement plus ground granulated blast furnace slag.


To study the behaviour of porous concrete in compression for different compacting energy.

To study the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of porous concrete.

To study the permeability of porous concrete in laboratory.

To study the effect of gradation of coarse aggregate on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of porous concrete.

To study the effect of degree of compaction on the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of porous concrete.

To study the effect of aggregate gradation and the degree of compaction on the permeability of porous concrete.

Methodology

Materials

The following materials were used in the present experimental study

Cement

Coarse aggregate

Water

Fly ash

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)

Methods

The compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, void content and permeability test are determined in different laboratories. Indian standard code provisions are used in all tests. Some of the tests are conducted as per the literature.

Porous concrete cubes for the determination of compressive strength

Porous concrete cylinder for the determination of split tensile strength

Porous concrete prism for the determination of flexural strength

Results

An attempt has been made to steady the influence of various parameters on the properties of pervious concrete. The parameters considered are

Size of aggregates

Effect of additional compaction

Type of cementitious material

The strength parameters considered are


Flexural strength

Splitting tensile strength

Permeability

Density

Conclusions

Based on the studies considered in the present investigation, following conclusion can be drawn regarding the performance of porous concrete on the structural properties such as

Density

Density of porous concrete increases with the increase in the gradation of aggregates, as the


size of aggregate increases from 4.75mm to 16mm.

There is considerable increase in density of porous concrete as the degree of compaction increases from 5 blows to 10 blows.

Density of porous concrete containing fly ash and GGBFS is less compared to 100% cement porous concrete.


Porous concrete possess significant compressive strength both at 7 and 28 days. At 7days the percentage increase in compressive strength is more when compared to 28 days strength. Reasonable increase in compressive strength is observed with the increase in the size of the aggregates.

As the degree of compaction increases in terms of number of blows (from 5 to 10) the compressive strength also increases.

The compressive strength of GGBFS based pervious concrete decreases compared to 100% cement pervious concrete. Further, the compressive strength of fly ash based pervious concrete decreases compared to GGBFS based pervious concrete.

Flexural strength

Flexural strength increases as the size of aggregates increases at 7 days and the same trend is noticed for 28 days as well.

About 5 to 15% increase in flexural strength is observed for 5 additional blows at 7 days and there is further increase in strength for 10 blows. At 28 days the flexural strength is higher compared to 7 days.

Flexural strength decreases with the addition of fly ash and GGBFS on a replacement to cement compared to 100% cement porous concrete.

Splitting tensile strength

There is increase in the splitting tensile strength as the gradation of aggregates increases from 4.75 to 16mm.

About 15 to 25% increase in splitting tensile strength has been observed for 5 additional blows at 7 days and there is less increase in the strength at 28 days but more than the 7 days strength and not in the same trend.

Splitting tensile strength decreases with the addition of fly ash and GGBFS on a

replacement to cement compared to 100% cement porous concrete.

Permeability

As the size of aggregates increases the permeability decreases.

With the increase in number of blows the permeability decreases. Thus about 80 to 100% permeability can be reduced by increasing the size of aggregates and also by giving additional compaction.

The permeability of porous concrete and the permeability of the aggregates alone is more or less the same. But here in case of porous concrete some amount of voids are filled with cement.

The permeability of fly ash based porous concrete and also GGBFS based porous concrete is less when compared to 100% cement based porous concrete. Fly ash and GGBFS are still finer than cement; hence a replacement of it fills more voids and reduces the permeability.

Scope for future studies

By reducing the water/cement ratio the compressive strength of the porous concrete can be increased, hence it can be used for heavy duty pavements.

The porous concrete can be prepared considering all gradation of aggregates.


72. AUTOMATIC LOCALIZATION OF BACKWARD COLLISION OF VEHICLES USING A CAMERA

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. C. NANDINI STUDENTS : ANITHA P. GAJESH K. R. PRUTHVI RAJ J. SANTHOSH KUMAR S.

Introduction

Lack of attention by the driver during taking reverse is identified as the cause for 80% of driver related rear end collisions. This places Backward Collision Warning (BCW) high on the list of solutions that can reduce the number and the severity of driving accidents. Backward collision warning system can detect immediate backward collision danger. The system


provides a timely warning for the most common causes of accidents in nowadays car parking lot.

Backward Collision Warning (BCW) systems based on monocular vision mainly consist of two parts:

1. Vehicle detection and detection refinement.

2. Camera calibration and TTC.

Objective

The main Objective is to provide the Four wheeler automobiles equipped with Backward Collision detection scheme which can be accommodated in all types of cars and at affordable rates which will be cost effective.

Backward Collision Warning System

Methodology

The limitations which were present in the proposed methodology can been overcome by using the single monochrome camera which costs less than

the sensors, radars etc. The following diagram shows the methodology an working which uses a single camera to capture the object and detect its area based on which the alarm is buzzard, when the object is reached the threshold distance.

Results and Discussions

Various kinds of datasets have been taken for checking the performance of the system in parking lots and even busy roads.

The system works efficiently for various datasets and the results obtained with accurate values.

73. DOCUMENT TEXT EXTRACTION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGES

COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : ROSHAN FERNANDES STUDENTS : SHODHAN S. SUDHIR K. SUKSHATHA RAO SURABHI P.R.

Introduction

Image Processing becomes a crucially important component in the modern digital world. Natural human ability to recognize objects on an image allows quickly receiving information and drawing conclusion about the object (“A Picture is worth a thousand words”). This becomes an attractive and superior alternative to text processing. By its nature, images can better reflect the real world by presenting objects that comprise it. Text that appears in images contains important and useful information. Detection and extraction of text in images have been used in many applications. Extraction of this information involves detection, localization, tracking, extraction, enhancement, and recognition of the text from a given image.

Scope

This project allows the user to input images containing text and user will be able to get text file containing the text of the image after processing the image.

Conclusion

A suitable existing OCR technique to recognize the extracted text.

Can handle both printed document and handwritten text images

Not sensitive to image color/intensity, robust with respect to font, sizes, orientations, alignment, uneven illumination, perspective and reflection effects.


74. WIRELESS HAND MOUSE COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : MS. OLIVIA CASTELINO STUDENTS : ABDUL GANI ELAYARAJA D. JINO JOHN DEVASIA K. R. YOGEESH

Introduction

Wireless Hand Mouse is a wireless USB gesture input system that enables a person to use a computer by performing intuitive hand and finger motions in the air. While wearing a glove controller on the hand, the user can move the cursor by forming a pointing gesture and click by curling the index finger or thumb.

Objectives

It makes use of a simple hand gloves with additional systems embedded in it without using any surface to handle the movement. The motion of the hands is corresponded to the cursor movements in the computer. The different actions and hand gestures are taken as mouse functions and the cursor moves accordingly. This gives user better interaction with the computer.

Methodology

The project is hand Gloves mouse control system for PC. The tilt sensor can identify the movement of the hand .The output of tilt sensor is given to ADC. Depending on the variation of the ADC output, the microcontroller transmits the data to RF transmitter. In the other end, the RF receiver receives the data and gives to the microcontroller; the microcontroller drives the PS2 driver which moves the courser on the monitor.


The right hand mouse controller is precise enough to highlight click on the small buttons in the taskbar. With a steady hand, the cursor can be moved by a single pixel at a time. The slight delay added after the mouse button clicks, assists successfully in double-clicking operations.

Scope for future Work

It would be wise to consider the use of a USB connection, rather than a PS/2 connection. The reason is that, as opposed to modern desktop computers, almost all modern laptops do not have PS/2 ports. It would also be easier to demonstrate the scroll wheel functionality in this case.

It would be beneficial to include an auto power off (or sleep) mode, such that the transmitter would reduce its current consumption dramatically when the device is not in use.

75. AN APPROCH TO SLAM FOR INDOOR ROBOTS

COLLEGE : PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA GUIDE : MR. RAGHAVENDRA K. STUDENTS : AKSHAY S. MURTHY PRASHANTH P. KARTHIK V. S.

Objectives

The purpose of this project was to develop a system for exploring unknown indoor environments. To this end, the system comprises of two entities viz., a robotic agent (here onwards called the Agent) for perception of the environment and a remote base station (here onwards called the Base) for processing of perception data, map building and high level control of the Agent. The Agent continuously moves around and perceives the arena through some kind of exteroceptive sensing and sends perception data to the Base.

Methodology

The primary problem faced in this scenario is SLAM. SLAM stands for Simultaneous Localization And Mapping. This is a technique used by robots and autonomous vehicles to build up a map within an unknown environment or to update a map within a known environment while at the same time keeping track of their current location. SLAM in mobile robotics community generally refers to the process of creating geometrically consistent maps of the environment. SLAM is a cumulative process, i.e., the localization and map building processes will be happening simultaneously, thus the quality of the map after the ith exploration depends upon how well the localization had occurred in the (i-1)th exploration and the accuracy of the localization depends upon how reliable the map had been built from (i-2)th exploration. It must be noted that there is no definite “solution” for the SLAM problem. An approach to SLAM is usually tailored to the available resources. In our system such an algorithm will be implemented in the system as a whole and not particularly in the Agent. Map building and subsequent navigation is a complex problem because map integrity cannot be sustained by odometry alone due to errors. Exteroceptive sensing, such as ultrasonic sensing is necessary, but any sensing is also subject to random errors. Hence, neither odometry nor matching sensory data to the map gives flawless estimation of the robot’s position, yet this position estimate becomes a reference for the


integration of new features in the map. Consequently, with time, errors in robot position influence errors in the map and map errors influence the position estimation.

Fig 1: The Agent Mechanical Setup

Fig 2: Overall system structure

Results

The system was able to satisfactorily build a map of the simulated environment and localize the Agent on the map. Also it was able to handle minor variations to the environment (which was simply repositioning the boxes). Errors were not static but dynamic in nature.

Future Scope

By using multiple sensors it can reduce the amount of sweeping and hence the time required to cover

an area. A faster, very expensive range finder known as LADAR (LAser Detection and Ranging) can give a much more detailed map and hence access to more land marks thus improving the performance of SLAM. Another major improvement to the current system would be to implement the entire SLAM within the Agent. This can greatly reduce the load on the wireless communication and hence the Base could just be an interface for the user to see a visual map of the environment.

76. ATM CODEX ACCESSING ATM REMOTELY

COLLEGE : PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA GUIDE : MR. NAGARAJASWAMY B. M. STUDENTS : FARAHATH MULLA RANJITHA B. M. RANJITHA K. L.

Introduction

This project deals with most secured and faster means of ATM transaction remotely. Usually for money withdrawal through ATM requires ATM card and password, if any corporate person or busy business man or physically challenged person is not able to make till to ATM, then he handovers the ATM card to other staff or assistant with the password and amount to be withdrawn so the security of ATM card breaks, because other person can withdraw any desirable amount and may cheat them.

For money transaction the real account holder has to go ATM and if the real account holder is busy and he don’t want to go ATM ,that time if he sends other person to withdraw the money by giving ATM card to that other person, he has to tell the password which gives rise to security problem.

With this ATM CODE ACESSING, when the ATM card is inserted by any person a SMS will be send to the card holder, where the card holder is required to feed the password and amount to be withdrawn. So the password remains secured and confidential.

Objectives

Usually for money withdrawal through ATM requires ATM card and password, if any corporate person or business man or physically challenged person is not able to make till to ATM, then he handovers the ATM card to other staff or assistant with the password and amount to be withdrawn so the security of ATM card breaks, because other person can withdraw any desirable amount and may cheat them.

With this ATM CODE ACESSING, when the ATM card is inserted by any person a SMS will be send to the card holder, where the card holder is required to feed


the password and amount to be withdrawn. So the password remains secured and confidential.

Advantages of the proposed system

X person can draw the money for the owner without breaking the security of the password.

This mode of accessing will help people like handicap, busy persons and ill person.

Methodology

Fig. Block diagram of connection of ATM codex

Using floppy disk as ATM card & ATM simulator as a ATM machine.

Insert ATM card in the ATM machine (CPU Floppy drive).

The message will send to PC2 which is database server.

Database server will check that detail according to information in the ATM card.

If it is match it will send the message to the user mobile of that ATM card through database mobile.

Now user send password & amount as SMS through his/her mobile to database mobile.

Database server collect the detail from the database mobile match it again if it is matched.

Then it will send message to ATM to allow withdrawal.

Now ATM simulator (PC1) send message to printer (Cash deliverer) to print the detail from where you can collect the page instead of money.

On the ATM display will be appeared that collect your money.

Also it Provides the following facilities.

o Check Balance

o Change Password

o Lock Account

o Unlock Account

77. FARMERS BUDDY: A REAL TIME WIRELESS PROJECT FOR FARMERS

COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. VASANTHAMMA G. STUDENTS : VASUDHENDRA BADAMI VEERESH V. VAKRA BASLINGAPPA SUNKAD PRASHANT G. JANTLI

Introduction

Farmer’s Buddy is an end-to-end application to assist the farmers. It makes the life of farmer easier by offering a number of services. Firstly, it’s a next generation, SMS alert service that provides solutions to small farmers and agriculture students. Besides Salt & fertilizer analysis for a particular region this service also makes farmers aware of various government schemes, helps them make decisions on mandis / markets and best prices and practices, offers training to a farmer, provides detailed information and solutions for any particular tool. This gives useful guidelines, thus a farmer need not require any training. Thus, Farmers’ Buddy is a much needed product that can do wonders for the Indian agricultural sector and fill-in the missing agricultural think-tank.

Objectives

The objective of this project is to help farmers by providing information regarding Market price, Weather forecast, Tips, News through SMS which is cost effective in regional languages(like Hindi, Kannada). The Server will maintain the database related to agriculture like market price, weather report (state), news related to agriculture, Various reports on government policies, tips like suggestions. Information stored in database is then sent as sms to registered farmer to assist them which may help them to take next step or precautions based on message. Server also responds to farmer request which is received in the form of sms to maximum extend but sms sent from farmer should be in specific format.

Database can be updated only by the authentic user authorized by administrator.

Methodology

There will be a mobile phone connected to a computer via data cable through which we can send and receive the messages. It will be mandatory for a user to


register before using the service. Once the registration request is sent by the farmer a registration confirmation message will be sent which also includes list of various services offered. Once the registered user sends the request in the specified format.

Ex: for weather forecast <WF> space <place >

The request will be sent to the server (with the help of java communication api ) now the server will access the database and sends back the requested information to the user. Based on this information, the farmer can prepare further and avoid some hazards in future

Feature Enhancement

Services are limited, based on requirements it can be keep on adding.

Call service can be provided.

Coverage area can be extended.

The languages in which services provided can be increased

Direct interaction between the farmer and the experts and the officials.

Automatic registration of farmers through SMS.

78. VIDEO SURVEILLANCE FOR ATMS COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDE : MR. PARAMESHA K. STUDENTS : NISHCHITH M. RAO MADHAV HEGDE SANTHOSH KUMAR S. PUNEETH L.

Introduction

The use of video surveillance, especially new IP-based security cameras can help to ensure that

ATM transactions are safe. This system not only records video which acts as evidence and also those video would be effectively recorded by minimizing the file size by discarding video frames where there is no human activities or motion. This helps organizations especially banks to save server space and provides efficient tracking of ATM activities. Along with this the proposed system has been designed with an option for administrator to view the videos on the server side by transferring the videos from client to the server. Based on the IP address, date and time, the administrator can view the video files.

Objectives

To design the video surveillance system for ATM’s

To use graphical uses interface to track the activities in ATM’s

Methodology

The system employs different subsystems. In the first module, the program is interacted with the device to start capturing video frames in binary format. Once the frames are captured then motion detection algorithm will implement to detect any change between consecutive frames. If the change found is more than the threshold given, the frame is retained otherwise it is be discarded. In the third module the frames is serialized and a video file is created. In the fourth module the created video file is transferred to the server. In the administrator side an interface is provided for searching and playing video file, based on date and time.

Results

GUI is user friendly than the convention method

The regression and stress test strongly support the failure free operations of the system

The Reliability of the system is high


Provision to transmit captured videos through e-mail.

Use of multiple web cam to support more efficient motion detection

Comparative study with the best detecting system available.

Modifying the inputs of the system to provide security to museums, high security places etc.


79. LAPTOP TRACKER COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : MRS. RADHIKA SHETTY D. S. STUDENTS : H. P. ANASUYA RESHMA H. SUMANA N.

Introduction

Nowadays most people prefer using laptops for their work, especially IT professionals and businessmen. They often carry a notebook or laptop. In such scenarios, losing laptop may result in great loss. According to a popular survey, a Laptop/Notebook is stolen or lost every 12 seconds.

One of the unfortunate consequences of using a portable machine, such as a laptop or a notebook, is the ease with which someone can walk away with our valuable data. Laptop theft is a significant threat to users of laptop computers. Victims can lose hardware, software, and essential data that have not been backed up. Thieves also may have access to sensitive data and personal information. Losing our machine can be pretty devastating, but a little bit of forward planning could mean our files don’t fall into the wrong hands and maybe even assist with recovering our computer.

Objectives

The main objective of this technology is to provide a solution by tracking the laptop when it is just switched on. It maintains a server which stores the personal information of different users who have registered themselves. It also allocates a unique ID to each of them. The communication between user and server occurs through a GSM modem which has to be embedded in motherboard of laptop and also through the registered mobile number of the user.

Materials and Methodology

This technology provides a solution as follows:

First, an ID is formed by the combination of serial numbers of processor and hard disk of the user’s laptop. These serial numbers are unique for each system, so each laptop will get a unique ID.

Next step is to register the user’s personal information including name, mobile number, email ID along with the unique ID for his/her laptop into the server database.

The main requirement here is that a GSM modem and a GPS device have to be embedded inside the motherboard of the system. Now using this GSM

modem, a message indicating that the system is ‘ON’ is sent to the server, each time the system is switched on.

When the user realizes that the laptop has been stolen or lost, he/she has to send a message to the server from the registered mobile number.

Then the server makes note of it by adding that laptop’s ID to a list which consists of details of all lost laptops.

Next time when the stolen laptop is turned on, server finds it out as usual. Also the server finds registered ID of the laptop in ‘lost’ list. Later it informs the user that the stolen laptop has been turned on.

Now using this technology, user can take any of the following actions:

User can find the current location of the stolen laptop using GPS technology.

User can control certain operations on his/her laptop, which has been stolen. That is user lock any important drive from the stolen laptop without the knowledge of the offender.

As soon as the stolen laptop is turned on, web camera captures the offender’s photo automatically. Whenever the stolen laptop is connected to internet, captured photo is mailed to user’s account with the help of server.

Results

The proposed system is an efficient tracking system for locating the stolen laptops as it meets the specified requirements and provides useful features:

It allows the user to login into the system and get the current location of the laptop after the lost registration is done by the owner.

It captures and stores the picture of the offender and the picture is mailed to owner if at all the lost laptop is connected to the internet.

It also prevents unauthorized access to important data by locking an important drive which is specified by the user during registration.


The hardware devices used in this system are connected externally to the laptop through USB. But as an enhancement, they can be embedded within the motherboard of the system.

Google map can be sent as MMS to the user registered mobile to find the current location of the lost laptop.



80. AUTOMATED CONTROL OF RICE MILL DRIER SECTION USING PLC

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : PROF. B. S. SOMASHEKHARAIAH STUDENTS : CHETHAN S. ARPITHA H. B. AMIT KUMAR NAVYA SHREE S. G.

Introduction

All the rice mills have implemented modern controllers in all the sections but not achieved the good output. Even after that it was not possible to get the good quality of rice because of drier section. So the aim of this project is to design the drier section which is controlled by programmable logic controller to get improved quality of rice and reduced form of broken rice. We are designing the circuit using sensors and other components which controls the required moisture of paddy by varying the temperature, switching on and off the steam nozzle by PLC. From this we can get efficient quality of rice. We can reduce the broken rice; efficiency is more in this system.

Objective

To get improved quality of rice and attempt has made to reduce the broken rice.

Project work methodology

Cooking the paddy in the drier tank.

Temperature and moisture control process.

Cooking the paddy in the drier tank

The temperature sensor senses the temperature in the paddy cooker chambers soon as it get the required temperature of paddy is allowed to fall on the conveyor belt through pneumatic gates operated through PLC. As paddy falls on the conveyor belt optical sensor detects and conveyor motor is switched on. After 3 second delay elevator motor is switched on .Once drier tank is completely filled with paddy then capacitive sensor detects and closes the pneumatic gates automatically by the application of PLC. And conveyor motor is stopped but the elevator is continuously running until entire

drying process is completed or required moisture of paddy is obtained.

Temperature and moisture control process

Initially PLC gets percentage of moisture and temperature of paddy in the drier tank by using sensor fixed on the tank. Then rotary motor and blower is switched on. Rotary motor allow the paddy to circulate from bottom of the tank to the top of the tank through elevator. The cold air is allowed to pass through steam nozzle. Then the hot air from the steam nozzle is given to the paddy with the help of rotary. Moisture and temperature is maintained by interrupting the steam passing through nozzle with the help of solenoid valve. This process is continued until the required moisture of paddy is attained. The PLC is used continuously measures all parameters and controlling of motor during the whole process along with the control of solenoid valve according to the required temperature in the drier tank.

Conclusion

The tests were conducted under step down transformer, rectifier, sensors, PIC microcontroller and PLC. All the tests were reasonable. As it is totally automated so need of periodic checking and maintenance of system and the temperature and the moisture in the drier will be maintain at value it is require so the quality of rice obtain will be good

Future Scope of Project

The output and methodology of the project will be installed in one of the rice mill to get improved quality of rice.

81. HYBRID POWER GENERATOR OF SOLAR AND WIND CONTROLLED BY MICROCONTROLLER

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : PROF. B. G. KUMARASWAMY STUDENTS : NAGASHREE V. SUSHMA V. VEENA C. RESHMA G. H.

Objectives

Compatible application of combination of solar and wind power.

A study on the better utilization of available renewable energy with an improved technology.

To increasing stability of energy supplying.


Methodology

In this work, the both solar and wind power to charge the battery and I am also monitored the voltage in the voltage continuously, such that if the battery level goes below the set point, the micro controller will switch over to the mains power and will still drive the load. If the voltage charge returns to normal, the micro control will again use this power to drive the load.

Designed a prototype of hybrid power system, solar panel of 3v, the wind turbine having an output of 1.15v is parallel connected with output of solar and used to charge the battery as the large sized turbine can’t be installed because it is a prototype and also installing a turbine is costly. Lead acid battery of 12v, 7.5Ah is selected for storage purpose.as it is prototype instead of charge controller am using relays,when the operating voltage is set to 0-3v(by tuning resistor pot) then load fed from mains supply.The battery getting charge from solar pv and windpower. when the voltage exceeds 3v the microcontroller sends signal to relay to switch over on battery.

The solar having capacity to have an output of 12v and we are having an output of 2-3v. The wind energy having an output of 1.15-1.2v Storage capacity-12v, 7.5 Ahc.

The proposed system is promising and feasible to power up telecommunication load in rural area. By suitable modification of power control strategies were done and system configuration can be used to power up different kinds of load.

The proposed project supports for prototype and can be implemented in the large scale Distributed Energy Resources, energy storage technologies and systems for grid connected applications and the development of key enabling technologies for distributed energy networks with high power quality and service security. This can later lead to energy efficient and environmentally friendly renewable energy systems that will provide high quality output

in power under variable loading conditions for autonomous systems.

A problem to be addressed in the future concerns a better management of the batteries, aiming to increase their life time. The actual system does not prevent micro charging/discharging of the batteries, as response to fluctuations of the environmental conditions. The model permits to improve the battery current limits (presently fixed), namely through the dynamic change of those limits.

Scope for the Future Work

In order to have a fully functional system, more simulation test is required to ensure Products safety and reliability.

Implement soft switching circuit to ensure a smooth transition from boost mode to buck mode to eliminate voltage spike.

Modeling of wind turbine where its AC output varies over a wide range of wind speeds.

Modeling of lead acid battery to determine its life time, capacity, impedance and behavior of charging / discharge process.

Simulate and monitors output voltage response of solar / wind controller with battery model as load.

Implement Overcharge & Discharge Protector Hysteresis Cycle.

82. INTELLIGENT LIGHTING SYSTEM CUM TRACK CUT IDENTIFIER AT RAILWAY STATION USING RF ID

COLLEGE : STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI GUIDE : MS. DEEPA HIREMATH STUDENTS : DEEPA KALYANI JYOTHI HANGODIMATH K. M. LATHA NANDA S. HOSAMATH

Introduction

In this project it is taken to save energy by switching OFF lights automatically during day time and switching ON only 30% of light automatically in the absence of passengers during dusk time. Even attempt is made to prevent accidents by getting signals pre-maturely.

Objective

The main objective is to achieve savage of power by switching off the lights whenever and wherever not required and thus it improves the economy of railway department as it is also provided with track cut identification it prevents accidents.

Methodology

The first component in this block diagram is LDR, which is used to sense whether it is day or night.


Depending on the intensity of light, the resistance of LDR varies. With the help of this principle the LDR is used in order to detect the sun raise or sun set.

The light sensing circuit provides enough voltage to drive the driver circuit. With the help of driver circuit, the required voltage (9v or 12v) can be obtained to operate the relay. With the help of relay contacts 230v AC can be obtained to make the lights ON and it also provides DC supply voltage to operate the train sensing circuit.

Similarly when train leaves the station the magnetic sensor sends again signal to the microcontroller and the output becomes low, hence there is no input signal to the driver circuit and the relay will be de-energized and makes some of the lights OFF. Here the loads in the block diagram indicate lights.

Block Diagram of Track Cut Identifier

Working of Block Diagram

To sense the track cut optical fibers are fixed through the two tracks and are connected to track cut sensing circuit. The track cut sensing circuit includes NAND gate operation, the output of NAND gate send to FM transmitter through the transmitter. Whenever the track cut appears, track cut sensing circuit senses and sends signal to FM transmitter and this signal transfer to FM receiver.

FM receiver is tuned to frequency of 49MHz; the receiver receives the signal and demodulates it then fed to input port of 8051 microcontroller. The function of input port is to receive the signal and fed to microcontroller. As we know by default or by reset, the microcontroller ports acts as output port, if it is to be used as input port it must be programmed. The 8051 microcontroller is employed and the program is downloaded in the ROM. The microcontroller receives the signal from the input port and executes the instructions stored in the ROM and sends the signal through the output port to make the buzzer ON and to display the track cut information on the LCD screen.

Advantages

Saves the power by eliminating the unnecessary use of lights.

Economy of railway department can be increased.

It prevents accidents and provides safe journey.

Increases the life time of bulbs and less maintenance.

Applications:

Used as automatic lighting control system.

Used for street light controller.

It detects the track cut collision and prevents the accidents.

Conclusion

This project provides great savage of power as it switches on the lights only whenever and wherever it is required thus it increases the economy of railway department. As our project is also provided with track cut identifier it avoids the accident by informing the driver about the track cut which helps the driver to take preventive actions before the accident happens.


Instead of normal sensors researches are going on about using computer controlled light sensors which maximize energy efficiency and energy management. The new technology gives the ability to control the station lighting, particularly on the platforms and in outdoor areas. Sensors detect the level of daylight brightness and automatically increase, decrease or switch off the lights to maximize the use of natural light. Sensors can also adjust the lights to changing conditions during the daytime, for example when trains enter a station and shade a platform or when dark rain clouds appear.


83. VOICE ACTIVATED WHEEL CHAIR FOR DISABLED

COLLEGE : ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MRS. A. SHOBHA RANI STUDENTS : SHAISTHA SAMREEN ANJULA B. K. BHAVANA D. K. SUMALATHA M.

Introduction

Quadriplegics are people who are permanently unable to move any of the arms or legs, as their spine will be


injured. So it is not practical to work on pushing a chair. To minimize this problem, voice activated wheel chair are the best options for personal mobility. The speech-recognition control system can be used by quadriplegics to control their wheelchair a throat microphone picks up the vibrations of the vocal cords when the user speaks the commands.

The speech-recognition system adapts to any language. Even if someone has difficulty pronouncing words, the wheelchair will adapt to recognize distinct sounds. The wheelchair can be driven with only 5 commands. The commands are combined to emulate the movements of a key pad.

Speech is utilized in circuits the following way: the acoustic pressure wave goes through a transducer inside a microphone or telephone and converts it from a pressure wave to an electrical signal. “A speech-wave is a one-dimensional signal having temporal structure”.

Objective

The aim of the project is to help the disabled, who will not be able to walk. This can take commands from the person’s voice and move the wheel chair on that particular direction.

This device will operate on the basis of commands given by the person. Giving specific command it will move to the particular direction. The commands through voice using mike and it is given to voice control device through HM2007 which convert analog data to digital data. This data is processed by microcontroller. It will transmit that data and that data will received by receiver which is connected to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller will process the received data. The DC motor is connected for the movement control of the wheel chair. The wheel chair is moved according to the commands given by the person.

The circuit is powered from a 9 volt battery that is connected to an ON Semiconductor NCV7805 Positive Voltage Regulator to limit and stabilize the board voltage to +5.0 volts. All ICs are powered from this regulated +5.0 volts with the SRAM also having an additional backup CR2032 +3.0 volt button battery. The CR2032 allows the main power to be shut off, while retaining all the neural network memory in the SRAM chip and not requiring the circuit to be re-trained each time the unit is shut down.

The microphone and the keypad consist of the only user interfaces with the circuit. The microphone is a

standard PC microphone which acts as the transducer converting the pressure waves to an electrical signal. The microphone is coupled to the HM2007 IC which is attempting to classify each word into the different trained categories. The keypad consists of 12 normally-open momentary contact switches. These were soldered onto a printed circuit board (PCB) which was used to communicate with the HM2007 IC. The keypad allowed the user to train the system and also clear the memory.

The circuit outputs consist of the two 7-Segment Displays and the LED. The 7-Segment Displays show any error codes, show the target being trained, and the final classification by the HM2007 system.

There were five ICs used to create this circuit. The HM2007 IC was the core component which performs the entire speech recognition process. It uses an 8k x 8 static random access memory (SRAM) to store the neural network weights, biases, and word recognition templates.

Advantages / Usefulness

Easy to operate by the person.

Less strain to person to move the chair.

This wheel chair operates on voice so no physical movement of the chair.

The wheel chair will move to particular direction on the basis of voice.

This is more flexible than already existing wheel chairs.

Usefulness

In real time applications.

In hospitals.

For blind and disabled persons.


This voice activated wheel chair developed can be used by quadriplegics, a person who is permanently unable to move any of the arms or legs as their spine will be injured. Here the throat microphone picks up the vibrations of the vocal cords when the user speaks the commands. The speech-recognition system adapts to any language. Even if someone has difficulty pronouncing words, the wheelchair will adapt to recognize distinct sounds. The wheelchair can be driven with only 5 commands. The commands are combined to emulate the movements of a joystick. The speech-recognition system can be used by quadriplegics to control their environment.


84. INTELLIGENT AUDITORIUM AND THEATER STAGE CONTROL

COLLEGE : ACHARYA POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE GUIDE : SHOBHA B. STUDENTS : ANKIT CHOUDHARY CHINMOY PAUL SOUMIK BHATTACHARYA

Introduction

An auditorium is the area within a theatre, concert hall or other performance space where the audience is located in order to hear and watch the performance. For movie theaters the number of auditoriums is also expressed as the number of screens.

Computer technology has the potential to significantly reduce the risks associated with scenery motion in live theatre, as well as enhancing the spectacle of performance. The industry is becoming more concerned about safety standards compliance. IEC 61508 is emerging as the universally favored standard for functional safety of stage machinery control systems.

Objectives

The primary aim is to design a generalized theatre control system that can control all the available equipments in a theatre or auditorium. Moreover recipes can be stored for particular shows that won’t need any user intervention while the show is in progress.

Functional Block Diagram

Future Scope

On varying the prescalar of the PIC it can achieve different Speeds. For controlling this speed it needs to add extra instruction in the ISR. There are still 3 pins left in the PORTB which can be used for the control of these speeds.

High power transistors or power amplifiers can be used.

For continuous operation of motor the solenoid circuit can be used to latch the switch.

The change in motor direction is also possible by using H- bridge.

Hardware Block Diagram

Tachometer can be developed to measure the speed using reed switch.

To extend this system for demonstration at their college.

85. CONTROL OF HOME APPLIANCES USING EMBEDDED WEB SERVER

COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : MR. ANIL KUMAR C. STUDENTS : CALVIN ROYSTON MASCARENHAS DEEPIKA M. R. KARTHIK KIRAN P. MAHADEVA KEERTHI SWAROOP

Introduction

This project is based on controlling of home appliances by having a larger control area. Control area is the area from which the appliance can be controlled. Busy and fast life needs a larger control area. Many previous technologies which served the same purpose had a control area which was limited to a home environment or to a region. Two of the many previous technologies are namely X10 system and GSM system. X10 system were based on sending the Digital signals during the zero crossing of the AC power signals through the existing wiring. Digital data was encoded into 120Hz carrier. One bit was transmitted at each zero crossing. Digital data included command and address sent from the controller to the user. The drawbacks of this system were – commands getting lost due to variable zero crossing , interference of


signals and lack of encryption. GSM system based control was done was done by sending SMS. GSM modem connected to the PC would contain software to decode the SMS and control the devices. Drawbacks were- Dependent on existing GSM network and fails with network failure, complex commands, less authentication, cost ineffective, chances of control device theft and no graphical interface. This project work eliminates the drawback of the previous technologies for controlling the home appliances and provides authenticated, graphical and global control of devices.

Objectives

Smart home is a home equipped with special facilities to enable occupants to control an array of automated home electronic devices.

The main focus is to control the home appliances from remote place.

Introduced a new mechanism so that the ordinary services of the web server can be leveraged to communicate with and control the home appliances and make homes a really smart one

Methodology

This has three parts

Client

Server

Embedded system

Client: This part Includes Designing of Client side Web pages and supporting codes. A powerful software Visual Studio ( ver 10) is used to design web pages. This tool allows us to generate HTML codes for the graphical design. Object oriented programming is done to define events on the objects like buttons, textbox etc.

This has two parts

1. Login page: This page is designed for authentication of the authorized user. It is designed to have Textboxes to take username and password , check them with the correct username and password and if correct go to the device control page and if wrong just display a login failed message. The processing part is coded with C# program.

2. Device control page: This page has the graphical display of the devices in the home and control buttons (on/off) for each device. This is designed using visual studio user control template. C# coding is done such that each button object sends the device identity and required operation to a variable in the server.

Server: Server program accepts request from the client and runs as per the request. This

continuously monitors the variable which is updated by the client commands and does the data handling part. This includes sending the hex values of the numbers which represent different operation through the output Com port. A .net based Server program is developed using visual studio.

Embedded System: This uses a microcontroller similar to 8051 ( we have used 89s52) and relay circuit which acts as the control unit. The Rx pin of the microcontroller is fed signals through MAX232 IC for TTL compatibility. The output of the COM port in the server PC feeds input to the Rx pin of the microcontroller. The wiring between the Server and the Embedded system unit is avoided by Zigbee wireless transrecievers.

The Microcontroller code is written in embedded C code and compiled and burnt using Keil software tool. Code is to send high or low signals to the port pins to which the relays are connected. The Relay circuit is used to make and break a AC power circuit of the devices.

Relay Circuit is as shown below


The high on the control pin of the relay will connect the C an NO terminal and current flows to the device. A low on the control pin of the relay will Break the AC circuit and switch off the device.


Able to control 4 bulbs representing the appliances at home. Don’t have a dedicated IP address for the Server PC; it is using a LAN cable to connect between the server and Client PC.

On typing the IP address of the server PC by the user in the client browser URL bar, the designed Login page which is stored in the server opens. On entering the correct user name and password a device control page opens which shows graphical display of 4 appliances which has ON and OFF buttons for each device.

By clicking the ON button of dev 1, the bulb representing dev 1 is turned on and by clicking the OFF button of dev 1, the bulb representing dev 1 is turned off and so on. This works well for all the 4 bulbs.

Hence we conclude that a Global connectivity for the appliance control is successfully established with a graphical user interface and security as promised.

User can control the home appliances from any computer connected to the internet provided he knows the Username and password to login. As the wants of people increases, the market for home control keeps on increasing. Now it may be a luxury but it is surely a basic need in the near future.

Scope for future work:

Using this idea and additional processing codes and hardware, this control of devices using embedded web server can be extended for industrial applications. By use of a demultiplexer, the number of devices controlled can be increased.

Home security system needs continuous monitoring and sending alerts to the use when an intruder enters the home area. In industries engineers and operators can monitor the machinery from a distant place and control them. Public lighting systems can be controlled from web pages instead of operator visiting the lighting system area.

86. ROTATING LED MESSAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : PROF. K. M. CHANDRASEKHARAIAH STUDENTS : SUDHIR D. SANTHOSH H. C. NIHIT JHA PRADEEPA R.

Introduction

The project is a rotating LED message display system which displays messages programmed in a microcontroller .There is no user input for the system, the different messages will scroll, with respective intervals/delays by the microcontroller itself which is already programmed by the user; the microcontroller is programmed using the At89C51 programmer. The code is written in C language using the Visual C++ software .This circuit need s to be mounted on to the mechanical structure [rotating disc] where it displays the messages that are stored in the microcontroller as indicated in the codes. The disc is rotated using a two phase motor, the motors speed is kept constant by usage of a light dimmer. The messages can be changed as per user need by rewriting the microcontroller’s in -built memory .The complete display system circuit is battery -run on 9V which is provided externally, whereas the motor requires 220 V AC to function .This unique way of displaying messages is a very attractive therefore its uses in the field of advertising, toys, etc. The solution found to satisfy this need is the matrix display systems using LEDs and LCDs. It provides instantaneous, flexible communications.

Project Description

The main concern of this project is how to display the message in the rotating digital

Matrix display system by just using only 8 LEDs .This can be further divided in to sub-problems

The Statement of the description involved the following,

To build the circuit

To build the mechanical par

To program the microcontroller

To use the matrix circuit board for displaying alphanumeric characters

The Hypothesis

The messages are displayed in the air using only 8 LEDs. This is done by building two different parts namely,


Mechanical Part [used for rotating the whole circuit]

Electrical Part [deals with the microcontroller and other electronics]

Fig: block diagram

Applications

The Fields of Advertisements

The Manufacture of Toys

Advantages

Cost of the display of 8 LED’s may reduced

The unique way of displaying messages is a very eye catching

Results

Firstly, before the installation of the sensor, the message was being repeated depending upon the speed of rotation. The sensor was attached and the function was to keep it active for two rotations and inactive for one rotation, as the rotation is very fast the inactive part is never noticed. The next hurdle after installing the sensor was the constant speed. The controller of the sewing machine motor always gave an increasing speed to the motor which was the conclusion that the controller was not functioning properly. The introduction of a light dimmer was the only and perfect alternative.

Conclusion

This circuit works correctly without any errors. The circuit made flexible and portable solution, useful for a wide range of applications. It makes profitable use of every feature of its components: internal RAM of microcontroller, internal oscillator and in-system programming. The codes are dense. There is enough space for adding new features also or to

modify the behavior to suit one’s personal taste.

87. MOBILE TELEMEDICINE COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : SMT. BHAGYA SHANTHAKUMAR STUDENTS : JYOTI P. KURER PARAGINI NAIK P. PREETHI K.

Introduction

With the rapid advances in computer and information technologies, multimedia communication has brought a new era for health care through the implementation of state-of-the-art telemedicine systems. According to a formal definition recently adopted by the Institute of Medicine, telemedicine can be defined as “the use of electronic information and communication technologies to provide and support health care when distance separates the participants”. The envisioning of health care service performed over a distance first appeared in 1924 in an imaginative cover for the magazine Radio News which described a “radio doctor” who could talk with the patient by a live picture through radio links . However, the technology to support such a visionary description, namely television transmission, was not developed until 3 years later, in 1927. According to a recent review, the first reference to telemedicine in the medical literature appeared in 1950 , with a description of the transmission of radiological images by telephone over a distance of 24 miles. An interactive practice of telemedicine, as a signature mode currently perceived by many people, began in the 1960s when two-way, closed-circuit, microwave televisions were used for psychiatric consultation by the clinicians at the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute . Although these pioneering efforts have demonstrated both technical and medical feasibilities and received enthusiastic appraisal from the health care recipients of telemedicine , the issue of cost-effectiveness was debated at a premature stage by the telemedicine authorities, especially the major funding agencies. The prevailing fear was that as the technologies for telemedicine became more sophisticated, the cost for telemedicine would only increase . Such fear has been proven to the contrary, as many applications of telemedicine are now considered to have potential in reducing health care costs or reducing rates of cost escalation .The rapid advances of modern communication and information technologies, especially multimedia communication technologies in the 1990s, have been a major driving force for the strong revival of telemedicine today.

Objectives

Mobile telemedicine is one of the advanced technologies of the 21st century. It can be used to provide auxiliary medical service and has therefore


been used in emergency situations, mobile hospitals, personal healthcare, and rapidly alerting doctors to a patients' disease, rehabilitation, etc. By using the advantages of wireless multimedia communication such as high utility in modern times, convenience, high data transmission date, high reliability, and wide coverage, we develop mobile telemedicine system. Mobile telemedicine technology is a wireless remote medicine technology that incorporates a combination of biomedical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science; the technology also includes various advanced medical services. It is unrestrained from limitations of time and space. By the use of this technology, the family doctor can be more actively in the daily life of the patient.

Methodology

Mobile telemedicine technology is a wireless remote medicine technology that incorporates a combination of biomedical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science; the technology also includes various advanced medical services. clinical media contain information in various forms such as text, graphics, audio signals, images as well as video signals; they could also contain information in the form of static data, for example, X-ray images, clinical EEG signals, or results of ultrasonic scans. Therefore, it is necessary to search for identify and classify these clinical media. We should acquire clinical signals from various low-cost and high-accuracy medicine signal detection instruments, and then transmit these clinical signals via wired or wireless multimedia communication networks. Mobile telemedicine is an extension of wired telemedicine. In this project the client and hospital have to register through online web application and the information will be stored in Server Database. After registering, the client have to implement hardware in their car like vibration sensor which communicates to GPS via Microcontroller. When the car meets with an accident the sensor will first detect the impact and if the impact is more than the threshold then it will send some information to the Microcontroller which in turn communicates with GPS. GPS sends the location of accident and the car number to the server.

The server will then find the location of the nearby registered Hospital depending upon the information sent by the GPS and then send the information to the hospital about the accident with the phone number of the client. Hospital will send the ambulance to the spot. The ambulance will be equipped with certain medical instruments and the GPRS enabled mobile with high quality of camera. The continuous streaming of video and some information like blood pressure, pulse rate etc. will

be sent to the Hospital PC through mobile and according to that the doctor will guide the physician and also they will arrange the necessary step to be taken in the Hospital. In this project we will also keep the record, store information of the patient in the database for future assistance.

Block Diagram

Conclusion

Point of care testing is growing rapidly in terms of technology advancements and healthcare economics. The combination of self-monitoring devices with mobile technology presents several advantages in comparison with traditional methods. Health Gateway has shown its potentiality in improving care and treatment by making them more effective, faster and easier. The use of the system is very intuitive for the patients, who are guided step by step through the procedure. The health care professionals, on their side, benefit of having correct and up-todate data immediately available on their information system. Patients feel themselves more motivated, as they can follow the progress of the treatment directly on their mobile devices regardless of time and location. Also the possibility of receiving an immediate feedback from the health care provider can be seen as an important aspect, which increases selfconfidence in the patient. Mobile monitoring also indirectly improves the life quality of the patients giving them their independence back still guaranteeing a continuous follow-up.


There is no doubt that in the future, we will witness an era of ‘ubiquitous mobile telemedicine’. Such a


technology is expected to bring about revolutionary changes in the fields of medicine and engineering. These changes will be accompanied by ample opportunities for business, scope for early diagnosis of diseases, and enhanced medical services. Moreover, manufacturers of clinical equipment are expected to respond favorably to such changes, discuss the importance of formulating new standards for remote healthcare and the status of currently available standards. We are interested in ways of combining advanced, high-speed, and reliable mobile multimedia networks with clinical application, and in enhancing medical services. In particular, we are interested in discussing standardization of telemedicine codes related to medical services, health care providers, telemedicine conference, and information security management. In mobile telemedicine, advanced, high-speed, and reliable wireless communication technologies are used to transmit information on the patient’s health and medical history. There is a high demand for emergency medical rescue and healthcare monitoring in aircraft, ships, and in isolated terrains such as islands, mountainous areas, and tropical rain forests. Doctors can use a telemedicine system to hold interactive telemedicine conferences with patients in such locations, and can access the patient’s clinical data via seamless satellite multimedia communication technology, without the limitations of time and space. Examples of mobile telemedicine systems that can be used over short distances are Bluetooth telemedicine technology, and 802.11 b/a/g WLAN, which can be used as wireless telemedicine systems , and ultra-wideband multimedia system, which is an advanced telemedicine technology.

88. ELECTRONIC TALKING STICK FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED

COLLEGE : BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR GUIDE : PROF. S. R. PUROHIT STUDENTS : PALLAVI A. DESHPANDE POOJA K. MAHINDRAKAR ROHINI B. GULAGANJI SHRUTI B. KENGANAL

Objectives

To design an equipment for the visually impaired people to make them walk more efficiently by providing the indication and voice message about the presence of any obstacles on their way. The stick also enables the blind man to become independent and also lead their life with less support from others.

Methodology

The objective of this project is achieved using an audio/speech unit. This unit signals will be amplified and later can be heard through the speaker. The blind stick also has a GPS receiver. A GPS navigation device is a device that receives Global Positioning System (GPS) signals for the purpose of determining the present location. These devices are used in military, aviation, marine and consumer product applications. The microcontroller will receive the signals from a GPS receiver for information about different places and will speak out where exactly the person is. Each path is to a certain destination (like main office, library, canteen, toilet or different areas) etc.

Block Diagram

Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object. This information is also received by the microcontroller and a buzzer is used to indicate the obstacle.

Applications

It is useful for obstacle detection.

Blind navigation system.

New business concepts can be developed and realized because each unit is compact and totally self contained.

Advantages of the project

Simple automatic Operation

Low Power

Less Maintenance

Speech Output


89. VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEM IN FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

COLLEGE : BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI GUIDE : DR. UMA MUDENAGUDI STUDENTS : ANUSHA PAPLE SAIPRASAD KAGATIKAR RESHMA PRABHU VINAYAK KULKARNI

Introduction

In this project, we propose the design of a Video Monitoring System using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). UAVs are aerial vehicles capable of flight without an onboard pilot. While there are various configurations of UAVs in existence like airplanes and helicopters, the Quadrotor configuration is the most popular because of its mechanical simplicity and maneuverability. In a Quadrotor helicopter, lift is generated by four propellers mounted in a ‘+’ configuration.

Objectives

To design an IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit) for the UAV using MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes and to implement the Kalman Filter and Complementary Filter for sensor fusion to get an accurate estimate of the position of the UAV in three-dimensional space.

To model the UAV flight dynamics and to design the electronics for accurate motor speed control and implement an efficient PID controller to improve the stability and real-time response of the UAV.

To implement a video transmission system to transmit aerial images taken from the UAV to the base station via a Zigbee link.

Methodology

The focus of this project is the electronic control of the UAV. Hence we procured a quadrotor chassis which is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1 : The airframe of the UAV

We follow a structured approach to implement the control system of a Quadrotor UAV. The system is divided into two stages - the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the flight control. The IMU includes the Kalman Filter or Complementary Filter for sensor fusion and the Flight Control unit involves software and hardware implementation of the motor controller. Fig. 2 shows the system block diagram.

Figure 2 : Block diagram of UAV

IMU: An IMU that measures the motion of the UAV along six degree of freedom (6DOF) - three translation axes namely X-, Y-, Z- axes and three rotation axes namely Yaw, Roll and Pitch. These parameters define the orientation of the UAV in three-dimensional space and are collectively referred to as attitude of the UAV.

Flight Control: UAV flight by differential speed control of motors. For flight control, it begins by modeling the flight dynamics in terms of thrust generated by the motors namely,

Takeoff

PID controller

PWM generator

Motor controller

Image Transmission : As serial camera to take images from the UAV and transmit the same to a base base station yia a Zigbee link through an UART interface.

Results

Performance of the Kalman Filter: To optimize the performance of the Kalman Filter, we tuned the Kalman Filter parameters which define the degree to which the Filter will depend on the two sensors. The results obtained after optimizing the Kalman filter Covariance parameters are presented.

Performance of the Complimentary Filter : The complimentary filter follows the readings of the accelerometer more. This can be adjusted by suitably adjusting the weights assigned to the accelerometer and the gyroscope readings. The complimentary filter tracks the changes very quickly as compared to the Kalman Filter.


The results clearly show the superior performance of IMU with Kalman Filtering and Complementary Filtering compared to the raw data available from the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors.

Conclusion

A low-cost IMU using MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes along with Kalman Filter and Complementary Filter for sensor fusion.

The Kalman Filter, Complementary Filter and optimize it for an 8-bit microcontroller.

Implemented the complimentary filter and designed the auto-biasing strategy for the sensors, making the system highly adaptive.

On comparison it was seen that the Complementary Filter responds very fast to the changes while the Kalman Filter needs some iterations. But, the Kalman Filter provides a more accurate estimate.

Calculated the thrust produced by each of the motors and adjusted the PWM given to each of the motors accordingly.

Tuned the gains of the PID controller using the Zeiglar Nicholas method to achieve a satisfactory response.

Future work

Using Brushless DC motors replacing the existing DC brushed motors.

Incorporate a magnetometer to get accurate estimates of yaw. Accuracy in yaw control is important if the UAV is to be used for video capturing and image processing applications.

Use a pressure sensor which will help the UAV sense its altitude. This will help is simplifying the Autopilot implementation.

90. HEAD MOVEMENT BASED VOICE ACTIVATED DEVICE FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE

COLLEGE : BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI GUIDE : PROF. SUJATA KOTABAGI STUDENTS : HUSENABI G. VIDYA K. VIJAY J.

Objectives

The main aim of the project is to design and construct a head movement controlled device switching system for physically challenged. The

user can wear this device to head and with simple head movements he/she can request basic needs like water, food or medicine .User can also control electrical devices like fan, light etc. with the help of head movements. The project makes use of the relay for switching the devices and APR-9600 voice chip for audio announcements and microcontroller, which is programmed with the help of embedded assembly instructions. This microcontroller is capable of communicating with transmitter and receiver modules. The MEMS based sensor so called ACCELEROMETER sensor detects the head movement and provides the information to the microcontroller, and controller judges whether the instruction is RIGHT movement or LEFT movement instruction and controls the operation respectively.

Methodology

Problem definition.

Designing of block diagram.

Designing of circuits and their layouts.

PCB implementation of all circuits using hot press method.

Testing of PCB modules for designed function.

Interconnection of all modules to perform the required task.

Block diagrams

Results

The entire proposed model of “Head Movement Based Voice Activated Control Device” has been successfully implemented. Designing the layout of all the circuits


has been carried out and the same has been implemented on PCB using hot press PCB method and EXPRESS PCB software. Each module is interconnected to perform the function of entire system.

Conclusion

Since the objective of the project is to provide hardware interfacing for physical impairments, the similar circuits used in this project can be modified to make automatic wheel chairs for physically challenged people.

Scope of future work

The project carried out includes only four operations. Number of operations can be increased by making use of more no of sensors.

The cost of project can be reduced by making use of IR sensors but it leads to low sensitivity.

APR9600 can be replaced my motors which helps to drive the automatic wheel chair.

91. AUTOMATED SOIL TESTING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE

COLLEGE : CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR GUIDE : PROF. K. V. JYOTHI PRAKASH STUDENTS : RICHI NIXON V. PADMANABHA K. S. SINDHU B. HEGDE

Introduction

In this project, an automated system is designed and built for implementation of soil testing for agricultural farm using this system; a farmer can program and accurately understand the soil health and fertility. The main objective of the project is to implement a test system which can be used for accurately analyzing the soil and minimizing the cost of farming.

The soil analysis system has the following steps:

Sensing agricultural soil for analysis.

Transferring the data to the processor.

Analysis of gathered information for testing the soil organic.

Recommending the type and amount of fertilizers.

Objective

Automated soil testing system mainly aims at precisely measuring the soil N P K levels. N P K levels are also known as vital components of soil

which are crucial for development of plant. Another vital soil content is pH (potenzy hydrogen) and its importance.

Methodology

The following figure shows the block diagram of the Automated soil testing system for agriculture. It has two units: sensor unit and functional unit. The sensor unit consists sensing devices. Functional unit consists of microcontroller, I/O controller and LCD panel.

The following is the description of all the components in the unit.

Block diagram of automated soil testing system for agriculture.

Sensors

Sensors are used to detect the predetermined parameters and convert the physical quantity into electrical signals. In this project, sensors are used that measures organic the content of the soil. The information being sensed by the sensors are then converted into electrical signal and go through the signal conditioning circuit that functions to make sure the voltage or current produced by the sensors are proportional to the actual values of parameters being measured.


An automated system is designed and built for implementation of soil testing for agricultural farm using this system; a farmer can program and accurately understand the soil health and fertility. Hence there is a need for soil analysis to be made available for the farmer. The main objective of the project is to implement a test system which can be used for accurately analyzing the soil and minimizing the cost of farming.

Future scope

This device mainly aims at measuring the N P K level and pH content of soil. Apart from measuring these


The micronutrients of soil like minerals and salts can be analyzed.

Measurement of light intensity and soil moisture can be made.

92. SMART PUBLICITÈ (A MOBILE TOURIST GUIDE AND LOCATION BASED ADVERTISING SYSTEM)

COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : MS. MANJULA K. AND MS. ASHWINI T. G. STUDENTS : SANKETH P. B GOKUL G. KALAL RASHMI G. C. MANISHA A. GAYAKWAD

Introduction

Nowadays tourism sector is gaining importance in general public and government. The public and private people are investing amount to build infrastructure facilities. The government is encouraging the concept. The project team provided a mobile tourist guide to help the tourist to know the important locations in a place. The project team used colour LCD display methodology to know the locations and create a directory of locations and advertisement.

Flow Chart

Receiver Module with the Tourist or in the Public Transports.

Methodology

The project team uses an encoder and transmitter in the different places/ locations. This is an active RF transmitter. The database of tourist places and the advertisements are matched to physical locations and stored in memory. Once the tourist enters the place he will be guided with all the details with a short visual.

The receiver module has an RF receiver which decodes the location and plays the video which is for that particular location. It also sends a Text message using GSM Modem to the tourist. The concept holds good for location based advertising but the receiver is located in the public transport.

A portable device may be provided for guiding the tourists in particular place.

Tourists get the information of nearby places, hotels, shops and offers provided on the device and as well on their mobile phone.

Real Time Advertising in Public transports, will attract customers

This can be implemented in Public Transport Taxi’s and Shopping Mall, etc.

Location Based Ads on DTH services and on internet and facilities are available.

93. ARM BASED PEN DRIVE TO PEN DRIVE DATA IMAGING

COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : MANJULA B.K., AKSHAYA H.M. STUDENTS : SURESHCHANDRAN D. PRIYA M.G. GAURAV KUMAR PATHAK PRIYANKA DAS Introduction

ARM Based Pen Drive to Pen Drive Data Imaging is an unique and innovative project which demonstrates


the power of ARM based computing and data handling. As the name indicates, this project helps us to transfer data between two Pen-Drives without the need of a PC. Many a times it come across a situation that somebody has an interesting clip or file and it transfer the file from his Pen Drive to our Pen Drive, and strongly enough and to depend upon a PC and so search for just data transfer. ARM Based Pen Drive to Pen Drive Data Imaging is a hand-help portable device, which is developed around ARM core 7. ARM Based Pen Drive to Pen Drive Data Imaging is an unique and innovative project which demonstrates the power of ARM based computing and data handling.

Objectives

The main aim of this project is to transfer data between two Pen-Drives without the need of a PC. This project is very simple and easy to use. There are USB Ports and Controller set in duel/Bi-direction data transfer mode (BDDT), these are directly interfaced with a the I/O ports of the ARM chip LPC 2148. These ports are driven by the line driver IC which is typically a Buffer & Driver Unit, job of which is to provide sufficient line driving ability with added current and impedance matching. Further, I/O unit is used to synch the clock and other data handling instruction so that the data communication and transfer takes place seamlessly and accurately.

The input data is provided to the USB driver IC so that, and then to female-USB ports one as a Source & another as a Target device for Data Duplicating. Whenever it insert the pen drive into the USB port then an signal will be sent to the arm processor indicating that source pen drive is inserted so now arm processor will start fetching the data from the source pen drive into the buffer and arm processor waits for the signal from destination pendrive.

When arm processor gets the signal from the destination pendrive now arm processor is ready to transfer the data between those. Only the arm processor should get the input from external hard key from the user, once the user press the hard key the arm processor gets the information to transfer the data between two pendrives. While transferring the data the led blinking rate will be increased when data transfer is completed then led will stop blinking.

Advantages

This project can be used in photo studio and other media labs for the data transfer between multiple pendrive

Compare to the computerized data transfer

The simplest and most economical way of data copying

Compare to present tool for the data transfer pc, this project uses less power, thus making it portable and most economical mode to transfer the data.

94. LEVEL MONITORING AND LIQUID FLOW CONTROL FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING PLANT

COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : MRS. LATA S. H. STUDENTS : PAVAN KAMAR T. POOJA V. VERNEKAR SOWMYA E. M. PUNITH C. K.

Introduction

In chemical, preliminary basic liquids are used in different proportions with combination in chemical, drug or paint industry. The controlling of flow of liquid in drug manufacturing industry plays an important role which can be efficiently controlled through automation. As per the need of composition and percentage of particular liquid, the flow control is done using solenoid valve which is operated by micro controller programming. The automation in processing helps the industries to run smoothly without breakdown and damage to the equipment.

Objectives

To study the level monitoring and liquid flow control using microcontroller

To use contact type sensor to detect the levels of liquid in the tank

The project serves as an efficient controlling mechanism for drug manufacturing model, where in level monitoring and liquid flow is done through software control by using microcontroller.

Working

Block diagram shows a kind of batch process where the bottles have to move over a belt Conveyor. When the Bottle sensor senses the bottle, the controller gets a signal from its input Port. The Controller helps in detection of extract place the solenoid valve.. The microcontroller output port drives belt conveyor controller motor. Once the bottle is sensed, microcontroller executes delay and stops the motor action and executes the next process.

Once the bottle is loaded and sensed, the liquid A container Solenoid goes to operate from microcontroller as per the need of composition and


percentage of that particular liquid. The discharge rate of Solenoid can be calculated and with the help of this, the required time delay is executed and up to that time delay, Solenoid discharges the liquid into bottle as per the delay and composition of liquid. Solenoid gets disabled state and controller now runs the motor and through belt conveyor bottle moves towards the next process. The limit switch sensor will sense the bottle and the same delay executed and halts the motor movement and stops the belt Conveyor action and bottle comes under second Solenoid position. The composition of liquid from every container is possible to modify with the help of program and the delay can be adjusted with respect to discharge rate of Solenoid and it is possible to modify for number of basic liquid composition by increasing or decreasing the period for which Solenoid valves are open or closed.

Level monitoring and liquid flow control

The final finished product now moves over limiting switch which generates one logic pulse for every product and now this signal tap to turn on RF transmitter for every one logic pulse. When the transmitter goes to on state, it sends RF Signal towards control room. The receiver in the control room receives the data and decodes it. The decoded data now connected to a counter circuit which counts the number of finished product.

Results and conclusion

Bottles are placed over the circular rotating disk, the different liquids are filled into the bottles at sub tanks. Later the filled bottles are detected and the count is sent to the receiver in the control room unit.

The contact type sensors were used in chemical industries with automation of different operations without causing interruption and breakdown of the equipments. They can be used to first find out the level of liquids in different tanks and then monitoring of liquids. The mixation of different liquids proper percentage of composition is carried out which is achieved using assembly level software


This project can be enhanced by using centrifugal mixer at the end in order to mix the liquids well.

The efficiency of mixing of liquid can be enhanced by using centrifugal mixer.

95. BABY INCUBATOR COLLEGE : GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN GUIDE : MR. SRIKANTH G. K. STUDENTS : ACHAL G.GOWDA BHAVYA H. K. DEEPAK N. R. DIVYA H. T.

Introduction

An incubator comprises of a transparent chamber and the equipment that regulates its temperature, humidity, and ventilation. Premature babies or newborns with a low body weight may have trouble regulating body temperature. Incubators provide a safe, warm environment in which a baby can grow strong enough to survive under normal care.

Methodology

The chamber temperature is sensed using sensor LM35 and it is amplified using LM358. This analog value is converted into digital value using ADC block which is inbuilt in Microcontroller (PIC 16F877A). Then the required temperature is given as reference voltage. According to the reference voltage we get the 8 bit


digital output from PIC 16F877A which is converted to analog value using R-2R DAC and it is given as input to the PWM and the output of the PWM is given to the MOSFET through opto-coupler. The output of the MOSFET is used to control both the Heating coil and the Peltier device. The temperature inside the incubator chamber is displayed using LCD display.

Temperature sensor: The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (centigrade) temperature. The plastic package temperature sensors are used.

Amplifier block : Since the output that we get from the temperature sensor will be in milli volts range we need to amplify that signal. So, we are using LM358 dual opamp. This amplified output is given to the ADC inputs of pic16f877a.

PIC16F877A micro controller : The heart of the project containing the PIC 16F877A with its basic circuitry is used to make the decision based on the ADC values obtained from interfacing circuit and displays the results on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). We have used PORT A for ADC conversion. PORTB for interfacing with the LCD and PORTC for displaying the result of ADC.

LCD display : LCD is low cost, low power device capable of displaying text and images. The reference temperature and the temperature inside the incubator chamber is displayed in the LCD. We have used 2line x 16 characters LCD with backlighting.

PWM block : The PWM generates an output signal that repeatedly switches between HIGH and LOW values. The duration high value and of the low value is controlled by desired period and the desired duty cycle. The common use of a PWM is to generate a clock like signal to a device.

Heater and fan : Both Heater and fan are controlled using PWM signal. The air is blown using fan through the heating coil, which is driven to the

baby chamber so that the temperature of the chamber increases.

Peltier device : Peltier device is based on the principle of thermoelectric module. Thermoelectric modules are solid-state heat pumps that operate on the Peltier effect. A thermoelectric module consists of an array of p- and n-type semiconductor elements that are heavily doped with electrical carriers. The elements are arranged into array that is electrically connected in series but thermally connected in parallel. The heat transfer occurs as electrons flow through one pair of p- and n-type elements, so one side of the device becomes hot and the other side becomes cool.

Programming : MPLAB IDE and IC program softwares are used to program the PIC. The program is written in embedded ‘C’ language and converted into hex file by MPLAB IDE and IC program is to dump the hex files into the PIC on the dumping kit.

Result

The uniform temperature required by the baby is maintained throughout the chamber. The humidity is controlled which is very essential for the pre-matured baby’s health.


This project can be used in Hospitals to help pre-matured baby. By doing some changes in the temperature and without peltier device, this device can be used for the egg hatching. We can also monitor and control some more parameters like oxygen level. We can send this data to any remote location using mobile or internet. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer.

96. AUTOMIZATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY SYSTEM USING GSM

COLLEGE : KLS'S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALIYAL, UTTARA KANNADA GUIDE : MR. PRASANNA KULKARNI STUDENTS : POONAM GORINAIK SNEHA HALDIPUR PRIYADARSHINI FALARI SURAJ KADLI

Introduction

The concepts presented here keep a observation on light intensity. When light intensity drops after sun-set then all the street lights will be activated automatically. Circuit keeps all lights in ON state during peak hours i.e. up-to 10 pm and then switches OFF all alternate lights. These lights will be re-activated when circuit detects pedestrians on the street. Using this method power will be saved to a large extent.


Also the project also controls the water supply valves as per the time entered in the system. In the project there is provision to register customer’s cell-phone number and all such customers will get a message about the water supply time before the valve gets activated.

Objectives

Street Lights are switched on/off depending on the time of day and sunlight light intensity.

After 10 PM economy lighting is provided by turning off alternative lamps. In case of a pedestrian using the road, all lights are switched on.

To control the water supply to a locality by turning on/off valves at pre specified times.

To inform the time of supplying water to the registered users through SMS.

In the project there is provision to register customer’s cell-phone numbers and all such customers will get a message about the water supply time before the valve gets activated.

The project can also detect if any blockage is there in the drainage system and found if any then it reports to the concerned authority through the SMS.

Methodology

Block diagram


This project aims at efficient use of power and also the conservation of water. Basic amenities like street lights and the municipal water supply are preferred in this context. By automizing the monitoring of street lights wastage of power due to

negligence is reduced to a large extent. Also a lot of power is conserved by the power saving mode of the project which is activated after the peak hours. Intimation about the turning on of water valves by the water supply board will help its customers in taking precautions regarding wastage of water. The maintenance of the city drainage system becomes easier when any blockage is automatically reported to the concerned authorities without waiting for any manual intervention.

97. HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE COLLEGE : KNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MS. KAVITHA A. STUDENTS : H. SANGEETHA KAVYASHEE N. MANEESHA K. PARVATHY K.

Introduction

Cutting paper for the printing industry may seem a simple, routine task, but it is actually the key step in the print production process. Pre- or post-press cutting is very important in priting technology. Guillotines with technology that incorporates lower energy consumption, for example, will provide a better return on investment than older technology which may be less expensive to purchase but consumes a larger amount of electricity and has high-cost replacement parts. In Guillotine, the cutters used are based on spring action. It requires time for cutting action. A rotary paper cutter to save the energy and also simultaneously to perform required action. Human Machine Interface is a new technique of reducing manual work and any industrial machine can be easily automated to smaller machine.

Objective

The aim of this project is to design an embedded control for automated cutting machine with accurate dimensions . Applications requiring accurate width of the cut pieces of given material . The user can set the required quantity and width from the keypad . It can be operated in automatic, manual and parametric modes.

In Parametric mode , user can store up to 5 set of values for quantity and width . This will be stored in external E2PROM. In Automatic mode , the user can select any one of these preset values to cut the paper . In Manual mode, the user can manually adjust the paper to his desired width before it is cut .

Methodology

The design requirements are:

LPC – 2148.

External EEPROM for backing up of data


Keyboard for entering parameters

LCD to display result

Stepper motor for width adjustment.

DC Motor for cutting.

RS-232

The system operates in 3 modes.

1. Automatic Mode

2. Parametric Mode

3. Manual Mode

In Automatic mode, only 6 keys are active namely START, STOP, PAUSE, and CONTINUE, RESET, MODE and remaining keys are disabled. User also can reset the system at anytime by pressing RESET key, in Automatic mode. In Parametric mode, user can choose any parameter he wishes to modify, namely Quantity, width. After selecting the parameter, desired value is entered the value entered by user, will be stored in NVRAM of RTC which retains the value, even when the system is off. In Manual Mode manually paper is adjusted by making use of key REV, FWD, and CUT.

Result & Conclusion

In parametric mode it stores the different parameters for width and quantity in different program. In automatic mode it selected any one of the parameter and starts the operation by pressing the start key. The value of width and quantity list will be displayed on the LCD screen.

This common method of computerization often results in reducing the worker's active role in the system to such a degree that his best characteristics are no longer required and the disadvantages of man as an operator are accentuated.

Future Scope

Touch screen can be used instead of LCD display as there is no necessity of Keypad.

Larger amount of memory can be used to store the information

Durability

The peripheral equipment used with standard monitors has many components that are susceptible to damage.

The fact that icons can be used with touch screens greatly increases the speed at which the user can manipulate the system applications.

98. FULLY AUTOMATED PESTICIDE SPRAYER FOR ARECANUT TREES USING IMAGE PROCESSING & MICROCONTROLLER

COLLEGE : KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SULLIA GUIDES : MR. NAGARAJA N. S. STUDENTS : PRADYUMNA K. KANMMARDI VRINDA BHAT T. SHRIKRISHNA K. Introduction

This project paper brings out a new prototype which can automatically spray pesticide detecting the bunch of arecanut based on the image processing technology.

In particular a computer regulates all the tasks involved in the system. The mechanical unit which consists of stepper motor and driver circuit necessary arrangements are made to spray the pesticide.

Objective

To apply mechanization and automation in agriculture to increase the productivity and economy.

To bring fully automated pesticide spraying system based on Image Processing.

This project combines all electronic, computer and mechanical aspects.

To reduce the requirement of skilled man power.

Methodology

The mechanical Unit consists of stepper motor and driver circuits necessary arrangements are made the device tied/attached to the tree.

Figure 1 : Block diagram

The serial data is sent from MATLAB to microcontroller. The up and down movement of the


mechanical setup is by relay driven wiper motor. The relay circuits changes the potential across the wiper motor thus changing the direction of the motion of the setup. The serial data makes the spraying motor to spray the pesticide in a particular direction.


The image processing system is the best suited system to convert any manual process into an automation sequence or a robotic form. The image processing system along with the matlab are now successful in implementing the manual process in an automated way. In the regions like Dakshina Kannada and Malnad where Areca nut plantations are more, will definitely helps to overcome the labour problem.


The C or other programming languages which will reduce the processing time.

The use of computer can be avoided if the code is embedded in a fast application processor like digital signal processor (DSPs) which then reduces the cost.

By using color image processing it can monitor the crops.

An “all rounder one man army ROBOT” can be implemented.

99. U-RADIO, A TCP/IP BASED RADIO FOR DATA BROADCASTING

COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN GUIDE : MRS. SUJATHA B. R. STUDENTS : NISHANTH CHANDRA PRATHAP V. P. SALEEM VELHUPRA RHAKHO

Introduction

During the past few decades, the radio communication industry has grown by orders of magnitude, fuelled by digital and RF circuit fabrication improvements, new large-scale circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio equipment smaller, cheaper and more reliable. The transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internetworking Protocol (IP) has made the communication cosier. IP would handle datagram routing while TCP would be responsible for higher-level functions such as segmentation, reassembling, error detection. The internetworking protocol became known as TCP/IP. This study makes use of both the systems described systems. The u-Radio system makes use of Radio broadcasting principle for transmission of

information over Radio link and the full-blown TCP/IP protocol suite to support data broadcasting and to address the problem of error detection and correction over wireless link.

Objectives

To design the u-radio for the better communication

Te reduce the need of computer for USB data storage devices by means of u-radio

Methodology

Fig 1. Layers of u-Radio Five layer Architecture of TCP/IP

Implementation and working:

At server: The Figure 3 depicts the block diagram of u-Radio server. Files (text, mp3, video, etc.) to be sent are added to the sending queue in the server by drag and drop (in GUI) or by specifying the path of the file. The file is then encapsulated with TCP/IP protocol headers and sent via server’s RS232 port using UART to the microcontroller. The data then is broadcasted using the ZigBee transmitter.

Fig 3: Block diagram of server.

At receiver: The working of receiver changes depending on whether it is a PC or other devices such as pen drive, SD cards, etc.

PC as Receiver: The Figure 4 depicts the Receiver

(PC) block diagram. The signal is received using the ZigBee Receiver. This data is then sent to the client


PC through the microcontroller using UART. The software in the PC invokes the TCP/IP protocol suite and removes all the TCP/IP header and stores the received data (text, mp3, video, etc.) into the computer hard disk.

Fig 4: Block diagram of receiver (PCs)

When Receivers are other devices (flash storage devices): Figure 5 depicts the Receiver block diagram. The signal is received using the ZigBee Receiver and transferred to the microcontroller. The FAT File System stack is embedded in this microcontroller which helps to store in the Flash Storage Devices. The status of the receiver is displayed in the LCD Display.

Fig 5: Block diagram of receiver (pen drives, SD card, etc.)

Result and Conclusions

The u-Radio receivers successfully store the file broadcasted into the memory card which is plugged into the slot provided in the device.

With the help of server application the file to be broadcasted is selected by specifying the path of the file.

The send button is used to send the file selected.

Results

It is possible to send any type of data, such as .mp3, .txt, .pdf.

Data is stored in a memory device. Hence it can be accessed anytime.

The need of computer to receive the file is minimised.

The system is more suitable than Internet for some applications considering.

The u-Radio receiver is inexpensive.

The device is portable.

Applications

Facilitates students in rural areas to perceive distance e-learning and also in helping them to access information available in the Internet at low cost.

The nearby schools in the rural areas can form an association and the setup the inexpensive u-Radio server.

The small organisations/institutions can install u-Radio network to broadcast information among their employees/peer group.

The system can also be incorporated inside Mobile handsets.


This project uses ZigBee and can be replaced with other wireless technologies with advanced modulation schemes to provide high data rate for less bandwidth.

Authentication can be provided.

The device can also incorporate to play the audio files and display the image files.

A USB slot with a Host Controller can be added to make it compatible with Pen Drives.

100. VOICE RECOGNISATION AND ACCELEROMETER BASED WHEELCHAIR

COLLEGE : MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. A. M. GHORPADE STUDENTS : MAHAVIR TERAIYA ADNAN BHARMAL NEELKAMAL SWATI D.

Introduction

The challenge for engineering is to provide safe and effective mobility in a dynamic environment. Through thoughtful research and design, power wheelchair control will progress along safe and effective pathways towards providing users independent and self-guided mobility. This project will give the severely disabled people an innovative solution to control their wheelchair using voice interfacing.


Objectives

To implement voice of the user as an input to control the movement of a wheelchair.

To develop a voice interface system for wheelchair control.

To construct an effective algorithm for voice recognition.

To provide an extra alternative to the wheelchair users so that this can increase the ease of mobility for severely disabled/injured people.

Methodology

Functional Block diagram

User gives the input data through Joystick (finger movement) or Accelerometer (head movement) or Microphone (voice).

The input data is always in digital form before we give it as input to microcontroller.

The algorithm written for these inputs will be executed to send output on specified ports to drive the drivers of DC motors.

Once the input is given to drivers, these helps the DC motors to move the wheelchair in particular direction.

Conclusion

The project describes the significant design to build a voice-controlled wheelchair. The design would allow these people to live more independently. Presently, people use blow-tubes or chin-joysticks to control motorized wheelchairs. Speech recognition is a prominent technology which can give an alternative to people to interact with machines or devices especially to those who are quadriplegics. This system can control movements of a wheel chair with voice commands or joystick or accelerometer.

It has resolved the disabled problems by implementing voice control interfacing over a microphone, or fingers movements over the joystick, or head movements over a 3D

accelerometer for the wheelchair. In this project, the manual wheelchair has been modified so that it can be actuated by two DC motors. The motions of the wheelchair are then controlled by the verbal instructions or finger or head movements of the user.

The results show that the design is applicable and feasible. This project processing can be done in real-time and is therefore deemed a viable alternative to present methods of motorized wheelchair control. Key feature of this system is that it can be trained in native languages.

Future Scopes

Use more powerful DSP algorithm in the HM2007 and further more for controlling the direction and the speed of the wheelchair individually for the particular commands and to use PMW technique.

Speech processing can be done in real time and has long been considered as a natural to assist powered wheelchair user.

101. PROGRAMMABLE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT

COLLEGE : MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. SANDHYA S. BEVOOR STUDENTS : NILESH DESAI SANTOSH PATIL UMESH BAMANE RAJARAM GURAV

Introduction

The main aim of this project is to design and develop an automated wireless robot which should eliminate the man power and time wastages associated with the present man power system of agriculture. Observation has shown that lot of man power is used for the agricultural work which contributes a heavy expenditure for the farmers. The Robot can be utilised for various Agricultural work such as seed bowing, medical spraying, land ploughing, tree cutting, grain handling, vegetables transformation etc.

Objectives

To design and develop wireless robot for Agricultural field

To eliminate extra manpower required for Agricultural activities

Methodology

The robot consists of circuit like microcontroller and control system and mechanical assembly for the different agricultural application. The robot is work on the battery power supply. It consists of different keys for different application. The idea of applying robotics technology in agricultural field is very new. The main


area of application of robots in agriculture is at the harvesting stage. Fruit picking robot and sheep sharing robot are designed to replace human labour.

Block diagram of programmable agricultural robot

Result

The Robot has been able to carry out above mentioned process with high efficiency

Scope for the future work

The project can be improved using real senses sensors. Sensors which can detect the moisture of the soil, length and breadth of the area. The project can be improved using global positioning technology.

102. ROBOTIC SOLDIER COLLEGE : MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. MR. GOWARISH HEGDE STUDENTS : AMAR HEREKAR PRIYANKA W PRABHANJAN M. ABHISHEKH G. Objectives

This project aims at development of a wireless rover capable of Remote operation. Remote sensing that includes temperature sensing, gas sensing, circuit fault detection and automatic light detection and adding few more features using Wireless data transmission.

Implementation

Transmitter : This Rover is controlled with a joystick/software keyboard and involves wireless transmission. At the transmitter side each key press will activate the port pin and this sensed key by the controller will generate a code then sent a coded signal by RF link for each button press. The similar controlling part designed with the hardware keys. Here each key press will separately activate the

port pin and this change is identified by the controller program and now forwards the controlling code the 433 MHz RF transmitter.

Transmitter receiver block diagram

Circuit diagram of transmitter (for soft keys)

Circuit diagram of hardware key controller

Receiver

Receiver Robot continuously reads the signal and takes action depending on the received signal.. When RF Robot receives particular code, robot moves forward by switching ON MOSFET


Circuit diagram of receiver (includes 433MHz RX)

The sensor circuit consists of 556 timers for which two sensors can be applied. This design part is independent of the microcontroller. Sensors are connected in the position of sensor 1 and sensor 2.

Dual sensor circuit using IC 556 Timer

Audio Video Transmission (Camera)

The real audio and video is transmitted from the Rover to the user side with the help of camera. The camera uses the battery of 9v and has the range of wireless transmission of about 150 meters.

The receiver has got the adapter which runs on AC 230 volts and a constant dc 9 volts 500mA current is generated which is then given to the receiver module. Thus the video/audio accessibility helps to explore the hostile environment and accordingly the user can decide the movement of rover.

Results

The gas sensor was tested by using vapors from a hand lighter

The temperature sensor was tested by using flame from a handheld lighter

The circuit fault detecting sensor was tested by explicitly removing the fuse from the circuit.

The light sensor was tested under shade

The Tx-Rx circuit was tested earlier on a breadboard and then on the PCB. A ring counter was used to generate data for testing the circuit.

The rotation of motor in clockwise and anti clockwise direction was tested by applying the voltage and control signals to its driver circuit.

Conclusion

The design and implementation of a microcontroller based rover proved to be a challenging, a rewarding and an exciting experience. As per the objectives successfully completed the integration of rover using sensors, motors, wireless camera, software, and power and circuit design.

The rover is able to be controlled wirelessly and provide remote sensing and wireless data transmission.

The rover can be configured for different applications easily. Many different sensors can also be mounted on board the rover as they can be easily interfaced with the microcontroller.

Applications

The images received at the control place enable the user to control the rover and explore a hostile environment.

Can be used for surveillance purpose.

Can be used for detection of cracks and leakages in long pipelines (gas pipelines, oil pipelines etc.).

Can be used for transport of small loads in the industries where human access is not possible.

Gas sensor mounted on the Rover helps us to detect leakage of gases like LPG, butane etc.

The floor cleaning device attached to the Rover cleans the floor while it moves around.

The gun (LASER) mounted on the Rover can be used to shoot the enemies only, as the gun is under user control.

The thermistor on the Rover helps to detect fire or any high temperatures in the working environment.

Future Scope

Solar power can be used in place of the battery.


Load carrying capacity can be increased to any required level just by changing the ratings of the DC motors.

The range of transmitter & receiver can be increased to any level so that it fulfills the work for which it is designed at its best.

Additional features can be added using the free channels of the receiver transmitter available.

The rover can be modified such that it can be controlled with Ethernet.

103. DRISHTI - AN ELECTRONIC AID FOR BLIND (CHARACTER RECOGNITION & TEXT TO SPEECH)

COLLEGE : MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. C. G. RAGHAVENDRA STUDENTS : SIDDALINGESH T. UMESH B. VIJAY PILLI SRINIVASA B. N.

Introduction

The main purpose of this project is as a reading aid for visually impaired people cost-effectively. Due to main sensory deprivation, visually impaired people have difficulties, so they usually need the help of an assistant. The use of this prototype allows them to have a more normal life and be more autonomous. As a result, the system is conducive to the user’s social, emotional and cognitive development. In the future we would like to improve the efficiency of the system by adding more innovative features. The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) which is a type of document image analysis where a scanned digital image that contains either machine printed or handwritten script is input into an OCR software engine and translating it into an editable machine readable digital text format. Here matrix matching method of character recognition is used. The characters recognized from the text image are concatenated and given to the text to speech system to enable it into audio form.

Objective

To develop a low cost text reader for the differently abled mass that could be useful in their day to day usage.

Methodology

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a type of document image analysis where a scanned digital image that contains either machine printed or handwritten script is input into an OCR software

engine and translating it into an editable machine readable digital text format.

Matrix matching compares what the OCR device sees as a character against a library of character matrices or templates. When an image matches one of these prescribed templates within a given level of accuracy, the OCR application assigns that image the corresponding American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) symbol. Text-To-Speech as the automatic production of speech, through a grapheme-to-phoneme transcription of the sentences to utter

The block diagram is given below

Results

The given input text image is converted into audio.

Conclusions

The precision of recognition depends on the following constraints:

Light intensity

Orientation of the camera

Pixel overlap

Resolution of the captured image.


Implement this prototype in ASIC design and improve the accuracy of the character recognition.


104. AUTONOMOUS SOLAR TRACKER COLLEGE : PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. JOHN VALDER STUDENTS : GIREESHA H. N. GAUTHAM SHETTY FINNY ALBAN GONSALVES ASHWITH KUMAR S. K.

Introduction

In this study photo sensor is employed to control the solar cell tracking system. The photo sensor is not aligned with sun rays, then it could turn on the motor until it is once again aligned. If the motor is attached to the frame holding the solar cell, then the solar cell could be moved to face the sun. As long as the photo sensor is in alignment with the sun, nothing happens. However, when the sun moves across the sky and is not in proper alignment with the photo sensor, then a motor moves the frame until the photo sensor is in the sun once more. This could have the effect of keeping the solar cell facing the sun as it moves across the required human attention. So it needs a tracking system that would automatically keep the solar cell facing the sun throughout the day. The team had build an automated using a single motor. The system includes a frame on which a solar cell could be mounted. The frame is to move so that it faces the sun as it travels across the sky during the day. The frame could be driven by an electric motor that turns on and off in response to the movement of the sky. The panel itself work as a sensor also. Some of the features of this project are:

The solar panel is mounted on a stand with the two light dependent resistors (LDRs) at its two edges. The stepper motor is also mounted along the same line with the mechanical gears connected to the motor. These gears are basically for the rotation of the panel. At the bottom of the stand we have a base provided in which all the electronic circuit has

been laid down. The PSoC microcontroller will get the signal from the two light sensors located at the panel edges. The inbuilt comparator circuit compares the output of the two light sensors and decides the rotation of the stepper motor either in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction and there will be no movement if the outputs are equal. The maximum energy output obtained from the panel is stored in the battery. The LCD display displays the present status of the system.

In this project PSoC microcontroller Programming language(C) is preferred. The first part is initial positioning. Prior to powering up the system, the photocell must be manually set to a starting point (east). Once manually positioned, the LDR1 and LDR2 values will be measured and passed on to the PSoC microcontroller. The comparator inside the PSoC compares the two LDR values. If LDR1 output vaue is greater than LDR2 output value, the stepper motor rotates 30degree clockwise and in turn the solar panel rotates 15 degree. If LDR2 output is greater than LDR1, the stepper motor rotates 30degree counter clockwise and in turn the solar panel rotates 15 degree counter clockwise. If the LDR values are same, there’s no rotation of the stepper motor. The output of the solar panel is connected to the rechargeable battery for storage. If light intensity is below the threshold, the tracker will return to its starting point and enter sleep mode. If above, it will keep checking until the measurement drops below the threshold. Once the tracker enters sleep mode, it can be reset manually with a momentary switch.

The system will continually sense the LDR’s and measure the output values of the LDR’s and compares it. The software code is written in PSoC designer software which is loaded into the PSoC microcontroller unit.

Result

The tracking capability of the proposed technique had been verified experimentally with a 10-W solar panel at different rotations of Tracker. Solar panel of 10 W was connected with rheostat varying from 0-200 ohms which was in series with an ammeter. Tracker was connected in parallel to the voltmeter (0-50V). It has simulated 15V battery by keeping closed circuit voltage constant. Current was being monitored at various angles of tracker as the sun moved from east to west. The Tracker was moved manually but with the help of proper gearing and motor, it can actually rotate the panel and made it automatic.

Voltage level had to be maintained at 15V and kept the standard alignment of tracker at 45 degree. Then it moved the tracker with 15 degree steps in rotation with sun from east to west so that it could extract maximum amount of solar energy. The team measured open circuit voltage. For closed circuit, corresponding to


constant voltage, we measured in-circuit current, resistance as well as angles at which tracker got to rotate. The positive results have got under this experiment.

Conclusion

In this project, the sun tracking system was implemented based on PSoC microcontroller. After examining the data that the proposed sun tracking solar array system is a feasible method of maximizing the energy received from solar radiation. The controller circuit used to implement this system has been designed with a minimal number of components. The use of stepper motors enables accurate tracking of the sun while keeping track of the array's current position in relation to its initial position. The autonomous solar radiation tracker is an efficient system for solar energy collection. It has been shown that the sun tracking systems can collect more energy than what a fixed panel system collects and thus high efficiency is achieved through this tracker.

Future Advancements

Increase in the concentration of effective solar power utilisation.

Advancements in the inverter technology for industrial applications.

Solar-hybrid gas turbine systems offer the potential to convert solar energy with high efficiency, resulting in lower cost for the solar electricity.

Autonomous Solar Tracker can be used for the development of market-competitive terrestrial solar powered mobile devices such as automobiles or robots.

105. HANDHELD DEVICE FOR PRESENTATION SOFTWARE

COLLEGE : PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE GUIDE : MR. NISHANT N. STUDENTS : MUHAMMAD NISHAD B. MOHAMMAD MIRSA MOHAMMED DANISH K. MUNISH K. K.

Introduction

This project implements an Innovative Method for playing PowerPoint presentation files in a small handheld device. The device runs on Windows CE and has ARM 9 processor as its core. The system outputs the presentation through its video out terminals which can be connected to the projectors. The hand-held PC is a small, lightweight (usually

less than a pound) computer that resembles a micro-sized laptop PC. It comes complete with a scaled down keyboard and mini display screen, and most run on two "AA" alkaline batteries or an AC power adapter. Because of its compact size, most hand-held PC’s currently contain only eight megabytes of RAM or less an less, and do not contain a hard drive or CD-ROM drive.

Objective

This project implements an Innovative Method for playing PowerPoint presentation files in a small handheld device. The technology of the hand-held device allows a computer user to have the power and capabilities of a desktop PC in the palm of their hand .The system outputs the presentation through its video out terminals which can be connected to the projectors. In this device there is IR control application to control the slides, which stored at particular part of the device memory.

Overall system

IR Interfacing Block Diagram

Conclusion

Then application of the engineering model has designed and developed for the presentation of the PowerPoint files by the use of handheld device and other than the presentation software it can handle some extra office application also. The IR remote control is used control the movement of image files also.


Future Advancement

The future for the hand-held device running the Windows CE operating system looks bright as long as Microsoft continues to work out the kinks in their system and continues to upgrade the software to meet the needs of an ever increasing client base. This device can be control by the Bluetooth device and also by real-time device using modem.

106. REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS

COLLEGE : PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. LITTIMOL MATHEW STUDENTS : NISCHITHA KUMARI B. SEEMA P. K. SHILPA KAMATH PRATHIBHA

Introduction

Remote notice board means, displaying messages on the notice board using some wireless techniques. In this project used the GSM technique to display the messages remotely using the SMS services.

The main aim of the project is to develop a system which can be used for real time application. The main feature of the project is to receive a message from a remote place using some wireless technology and display that message on notice board. In this project we are using GSM technology.

This project can be utilized in college automation, railway notice board, hotel room notification unit etc. In this project, only authorized persons have the permission to use the display notice board. If they want to access the kit, he will just type the message in the mobile and send it to the kit. Here entire message gets displayed. Along with the message buzzer gets ringed up, indicating the passenger about the new message.

Objective

This system will work like, when the user wants to display or update the notice board, he has to send the message in his mobile defining the messages and then the password of the system to the number of the sim which is inserted in the display system MODEM. Then the MODEM connected to the display system will receive the SMS, the microcontroller inside the system is programmed in such a way that when the modem receives any message the microcontroller will read the message from the serial port and verifies the password, if the password is correct then it will start displaying the

messages in the display system. This process occurs in high speed so that the viewer will feel the display is brighter.

Methodology

When the hardware is powered ON, the LCD display is initialized by the microcontroller by writing the appropriate command word into the instruction command register of LCD module. The LCD displays the series of events going on in the process control.

SMS data and processes it and operates the appropriate device (moving display). If the password is incorrect the message is not displayed. After processing the data and performing the appropriate operation, the SMS is deleted through AT command “AT+CMGD” followed by the SMS index. After this the modem is ready to receive any other SMS and the process is repeated.

Transmitter block diagram:

Reciever Block Diagram

Experimental results

GSM modem should be able to receive new messages sent to it.

When GSM modem receives a new message, it should be indicated to microcontroller.

When new message is received, microcontroller should be able to read the new message.

Microcontroller should delete the new messages after reading it.


Microcontroller sends the received message to notice board for display.

Conclusion

Thus this application enables the user to send messages to be displayed, from remote place without him being present at the location of the display, thus making the whole process efficient and time saving.

Future enhancement

User can sent 10 messages at a time with different styles.

To accommodate multiple receiver MODEMS at the different positions in a geographical area carrying duplicate SIM cards.

107. NON CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION USING MAGNETRON AND WIRELESS RANSMISSION OF POWER

COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. S.M. SHASHIDHAR STUDENTS : NIRANJAN M. SHADAB B.M. PRATHIMA G. SWETHA B.V.

Introduction

Wireless energy transfer also known as wireless energy transmission is the process that takes place in any system where electromagnetic energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load, without interconnecting wires. Wireless transmission is employed in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. There is a distinction from electromagnetic transmission for the purpose of transferring information (radio), where the amount of power transmitted is only important when it affects the integrity of the signal.

Circuit and Components used in Resonant Coupling of Wte:

Resonant coupling

Non-resonant coupled inductors, such as typical transformers, work on the principle of a primary coil generating a magnetic field and a secondary coil subtending as much as possible of that field so that the power passing though the secondary is as close as possible to that of the primary. This requirement that the field be covered by the secondary results in very short range and usually requires a magnetic core. Over greater distances the non-resonant induction method is highly inefficient and wastes the vast majority of the energy in resistive losses of the primary coil.

Using resonance can help efficiency dramatically. If resonant coupling is used, each coil is capacitively loaded so as to form a tuned LC circuit. If the primary and secondary coils are resonant at a common frequency, it turns out that significant power may be transmitted between the coils over a range of a few times the coil diameters at reasonable efficiency.

Wireless energy transfer or Wireless electricity is transmission of energy from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. Wireless power transmission is different from wireless transmission of information, such as radio, where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the percentage of power received becomes critical only if it is too low to adequately recover the signal. When resonant coupling is used the transmitter and receiver inductors are tuned to a mutual frequency and the drive current is modified from a sinusoidal to a nonsinusoidal transient waveform. Pulse power transfer occurs over multiple cycles.

Result

The group conducted the experiment on wireless transmission of electricity using resonant coupling and transmitted power 15cm long. The experiment done and has transmitted of power about 1 meter by using 30 cm diameter.

Conclusion

The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Many researchers have established in numerous observations, experiments and measurements, qualitative and quantitative. Wireless transmission of electricity have tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and less loss and can be transmitted to any place and eliminate the capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The systems would reduce the cost of electrical energy


used by the consumer and get rid of the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers.

Future Scope

The future of wireless power transmission is very promising. Several venture capital firms are conducting R&D for another form of wireless power transmission known as resonant magnetic induction. This technology, also known as “near field wireless transmission of electrical energy” can achieve transmission at greater distances.

108. POWERLINE VOICE COMMUNICATION AND DEVICE CONTROL

COLLEGE : REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. V. PRABHU SWAMY STUDENTS : ABHISHEK DUTTAGUPTA G. N. PRADEEP KUMAR JOSEPH SYLVESTER T. P. PAVAN V. C.

Introduction

To communicate within a building or between two nearer buildings a power line intercom is a very practical means. They are very practical and economical since no wiring is needed between two intercoms.

In this system it is also transferring files from one computer to another computer located at a remote place using mains signaling system. The data is being transferred with the help of modem which uses a principle of ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying). A modem is a circuit that translate digital data into audio tone frequencies for transmission.

Methodology

In this design the coil used for receiving the signal is also used for transmission. The VCO used to modulate the signal during transmission is that one present in the PLL. The same PLL is used for demodulating the signal when the intercom is working as a receiver. Due to this when the receiver is aligned, the transmitter gets aligned automatically. The speaker used for receiving the audio is also used as the buzzer

In the receive mode, the mains coupling unit separates the carrier signal present in the main line and passes it to the phase comparator input of the PLL transceiver. Since the free running frequency of the VCO present in the PLL unit is set to the carrier frequency, the frequency deviation in the

carrier is reflected as voltage deviation at the output of the PLL unit. This will be the demodulated signal, which is amplified using an audio amplifier, and is fed to the speaker.

In the transmitting mode, the signal from the microphone is inputted to the VCO of the PLL unit. Therefore, the frequency of the VCO is varied with the instantaneous amplitude variation in the microphone signal and appears at the output. This FM signal is then transmitted to the mains using the coupling unit.

For device control, it is superimposing a high frequency low voltage signal on low frequency high voltage mains at the transmitter. While at the receiver we are separating this high frequency low voltage signal from low frequency high voltage signal. The main network is by no means ideal for data communication. Impulse noise, voltage dips etc are the various source of interference, which should be considered.

The input data signal which consists of 110HZ, 12V signal plus 50HZ, 220V signal is applied to isolation transformer which provides proper isolation between mains and circuit. The single through isolation transformer is applied to high pass filter. The high pass filter is meant for rejecting low frequency signals and it passes all high frequency signals. The high pass filter used here suppresses 50HZ signal while all other high frequency signals are passed as it is. While the Band pass filter used has a center frequency 110HZ and the signal coming out of Band pass filter is signal 110HZ, 12V modulated signal.

Block Diagram & its Description

Advantages

Since a majority of components are common for the transmitter and the receiver, the cost and size of the intercom are reduced almost to half.

When there is no audio, the amplifier input is disconnected in order to avoid the noise in the speaker.


When receiving an audio do not change over to transmitter even if it press the push-to-talk button and hence the audio is not lost.

No separate wiring is required since power lines will be utilized.

109. BATTLEBOT: THE DEFENCE SAFETY SYSTEM

COLLEGE : REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. R. C. BIRADAR STUDENTS : TRIVENI S. V. RAMALINGAYYA CHARANTIMATH RAMYA C. SUDARSHAN KORWAR Introduction

The project entitled “The Battlebot” is designed specifically to help soldiers on the battlefield, rescue and defence organizations. It provides ruggedness, high-performance, fast-responding capability. This robot is tough, able to tackle almost any terrain and usually have a variety of sensors built in, including audio and video surveillance and dangerous gas detection. These robots are versatile; with different sensor or weapon packages available that mount to the main chassis. Virtually all of them are man-portable. It can detect the dangerous gas and radiations in battle field and intimate the soldier. It can also detect landmines such as anti-personnel mines and anti-tank minesetc which are buried underground and deactivate them and thus make safer channel.

The most emphasizing feature of Battlebot is that it can operate in both automatic and manual mode. In manual mode operation, soldier controls the robot by monitoring the audio and video surveillance information which is transmitted continuously from the bot. But in some situations like high concentration of smoke, smog, fog, dust etc the audio and video surveillance information is not so clear to identify the enemy. In this situation a soldier can switch Battlebot to auto-mode. In auto-mode robot acts as IFF (Identification FRIEND or foe). It locates the target like tankers, fighter planes and confirms whether they are friendor foe. If the target recognized as foe Battlebot positions its missile launcher towards target and destroy it. It also provides the information regarding the situation to soldier operating it from a remote place.

Finally Battlebot has self destructive capability. This is helpful in case when it is captured by enemy. As a self destructiverobot Battlebot acts as mobile bomb, which will destructs itself by high explosion covering larger area. Thus defeating enemy by self destruction.

Block diagram

Block diagram of robot unit

This robot is radio operated; self powered, and has all the controls like a normal car. A laser gun has been installed on it, so that it can fire on enemy remotely when required; this is not possible until a wireless camera is installed. The most power family of microcontroller 8051 is added to the robot the two microcontrollers ic2 is first microcontroller which acts as master controller, decodes all the commands received from the transmitter and is responsible for executing all the commands received from the remote and also generating pulses for the L293D motor driver ic which drives motors. These motors are vehicle driver motors. The battlebot consist of microcontroller, gun position system, gas sensors and camera etc.

Circuit operation receiver: RF433-RX is 433mhz radio receiver which receives the transmitted codes from the remote place transmitted by the transmitter these codes are converted to digital format and out put is available to the pin no 2 of the ic2 master micro-controller, this is the RXD pin of inbuilt UART of the micro-controller. UART is used to receive the codes at 2400baud rate.

Scope for future improvement:

Climbing the hills in the battle field.

It drills the rough surface by adding the robot arm.

Segmentation and edge detection algorithms can operate on the data provided and make intelligent classifications regarding the nature of the objects/obstacles encountered.


SONAR as well as image data can be integrated to give useful information in an altogether different domain.

The BATTLEBOT is essentially an exploration robot. Components like an electronic compass, GPS unit or other positioning systems can also be implemented onto the BATTLEBOT.

Implement action of solar panels on to the top of BATTLEBOT.

110. PSEUDO EYE FOR THE BLIND COLLEGE : SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE GUIDE : DR. H. M. RAVIKUMAR STUDENTS : SUPREETHA RAO VIBHA B. SHETTY DEEKSHA RAI MANJUNATHA C. B.

Introduction

The Pseudo eye for the blind enables a person to navigate hallways and around large objects without sight, through the use of ultrasonic and infrared sensors that haptically interfaces with the user via speakers mounted on the user’s head. The idea behind this project is to construct a sixth sensory system that interacts with the body in an intuitive and user friendly fashion and enables the user to navigate without vision. RF transmission is also implemented in order to provide the feedback to a program running on the computer to keep a track of the sensory data obtained from the mobile user mounted sensory system.

Objective

To construct a sixth sensory system that interacts with the body in an intuitive way and user friendly fashion and enables the user to navigate hallways around large objects without sight, and the user is monitored using the feedback given to the PC.

Working Principle

Basically pseudo eye for the blind is a helmet which can be worn by the user. This helmet consists of four sensors in four different directions. i.e. an ultrasonic sensor in the forward direction and infrared sensors in the other three directions. The user can wear the helmet and can navigate hallways without sight and assistance. If there is an obstacle present in any of the directions then the sensor in the direction of the obstacle gets activated and the information is sent to the microcontroller which activates the particular relay related the sensor and the user is alerted about the obstacle by the voice message through the speaker. The speaker module consists of the

recorded voice message stored for every direction. At the receiving end the person sitting at the PC can know the direction where the obstacle is present as shown in the block diagram.

The proto model shown in figure1consists of the following modules:-

Microcontroller

Power supply

Relays

IR Sensors

Ultrasonic Sensors

RF module

Speaker Module

Block Diagram:

Figure 2

Conclusion

The use if the IR sensors in the three directions of the helmet found to have less range to meet the requirements of the user hence the solution for this would be using ultrasonic range sensors on the all the directions and improve the range of the sensors.

This project is developed for a limited area as hallways. The future scope of the project will be in the field of mining with large area navigation by having RFID lanes and sensors.


111. HUMAN HANDS AND VOICE INTERPRETATION ROBOT WITH NAVIGATION

COLLEGE : SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MS. PUSHPA MALA S. STUDENTS : PREMKUMAR B. SHIVMURTHY B. G. SUNILKUMAR P. S. VIKAS S.

Introduction

This project deals with the development of a humanoid type robot which can interpret the basic movemnts of human hands and voice along with navigation through wheels, that is the movement of robot (FRONT,BACK,LEFT,RIGHT) can be controlled by voice and the robots hands can be controlled by accelerometers attached to human hands also there is a provision for distance sensor on robot in case of emergency there is a camera mounted on it for video transmission whose data can be recorded or viewed.

Objective

This project deals with the interpretation of a homanoid type robot which can interpret the basic movemnts of human hands and voice along with navigation through wheels, that is the movement of robot (FRONT,BACK,LEFT,RIGHT) can be controlled by voice and the robots hands can be controlled by Accelerometers attached to human hands also there is a provision for distance sensor on robot in case of Emergency and also there is a camera mounted on it for video transmission whose data can be recorded or viewed.

Methodology

Fig 1: Blockdiagram of User Side

Fig 2: Block Diagram of Robot Side (Master)

Fig 3: Block Diagram of Robot Side (Slave)

Fig 4: Rough View of Completed Robot

Features:

It has accelerometers to detect the human hand movement .

It has hi-tech servo motor of ½ kg rating to support the robot hands movement.

The robot can detect the human voice commands and respond to these commands mechanically as well as through voice.


The robot can detect any obstacle in front and make decisions to stop or move aside.

The robot has two powerfull geared motors for navigation.

The robot has wireless vga camera to monitor robots actions.


Human hands and voice interpretation robot with navigation is successfully implemented and tested under different environments. Micro Controller based Robotic vehicle system is working correctly for different test conditions. All functions are monitored and verified. The voice controlled navigation working effectively and monitoring the activity using CMOS camera is done.

112. WATER SPY - A SUBMARINE ROBOT

COLLEGE : SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. YASHODHARA C. L. STUDENTS : PRIYADARSHINI KOTAGI SHRIDHAR KEVATI SHIVA KUMAR G. SURAJ PAWAR

Introduction

The main objective of this project is to design a remotely controlled submarine robot that has the ability to move in all possible directions under water and can transmit the live videos or images in the underwater world.

Conventionally it seen many robots which work on ground but we thought to accept challenge to make robot which could operate beneath water. Major challenge encountered is to balance the body of robot under water.

Water tank is required to keep robot beneath water which force it to float and air tank is required to stabilize moment of robot under water. Robot is equipped with four DC motors which provide motion to robot in different directions. Also we have added RF camera to see underneath water world.

Different Modules Of Project

Remote Control

Main Body

Control Circuit

Motor Driver Circuit

Power Supply

Advantages

Under water movement in all possible directions i.e. right, left, forward, reverse, Up and down.

If camera attached can view the underwater circumstances.

Least cost.

Movement of robot is remotely controlled.

It could remain beneath water for a long time which is difficult for human being.

Architecture of submarine robot

Applications

An ultrasonically controlled robot submarine for pipe inspection

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Auto sub

Industry

Telecommunication


The purpose is detecting problems in large chemical tanks, small lake explorer and the ability to send live video’s or images.

Future Enhancement

1. Robotic arm can be added to investigate objects under water

2. These robots can carry small drones which can deploy in enemy region to spy.

3. Receiver and Driver circuit can be made compact and mounted on the main body itself and can be powered using battery supply.


4. Sensor could be mounted on to the body to study the properties of water. Robotic arm can be added to lift, move and survey deep sea bed.

5. Chemical sensors can be added to detect the toxicity level in water.

6. Receiver and driver circuit can be made compact to reduce the size of the robot.

113. REAL-TIME AUTOMATED MULTI-STORIED VEHICLE PARKING WITH ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

COLLEGE : SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD GUIDE : PROF. KALMESHWAR N. HOSUR STUDENTS : PRAVEEN KUMAR RAGHAVENDRA KUMAR RONALD JOSEPH

Introduction

In this project it has designed an electro mechanical system which is used for automatic parking of vehicles without driver assistance. The system can accommodate six vehicles on two floors with three on each floor. This system also incorporates an online access system to register, query or reserve a parking slot by a remote user. The system requires two 8051 microcontrollers: one for the user interface and another for controlling the hardware components. This study describes the components used, the circuit diagram and the applications of the system.

This system facilitates parking of cars and similar vehicles in a multistoried automated system which will accommodate more cars or vehicles in less space and also provide security to the vehicle as it can only be accessed by the user and also automate the parking process so the user’s need not worry about incorrect parking and can avoid penalties.

A multi-storey car parks offer greatest possible flexibility for the realization of optimum parking solution. A fast parking process in which the driver does not have to maneuver his car or drive backwards, guarantees highest comfort and security. A single lift serves 6 to 12 parking spaces per level taking up a minimum of space. Time-saving vertical and horizontal movements take place simultaneously ensuring fast parking and retrieval times.

Methodology

The project work had been spread over in four different phases each having some specific activities with proper fabrication, assembly and tests carried out in each phase till the final design was evaluated and tested namely.

Figure : Block Diagram of The Automatic Parking System

Results

Initially to access the system, the user is asked to enter his ID and password.

Once the owner logged into the system, the software confirms if he has sufficient balance to make use of the facility.

The balance has been validated then the user can park/retrieve his vehicle,

The user can also access the system by using the internet for online reservation of the parking slot. The user can log in by entering his username and password.

Once the user’s account credentials have been validated, a page showing the account balance and available parking slots will be displayed. The user also has the provision to book a slot in advance by specifying the time.

Conclusion

Automated Multistoried Parking Systems are a must in today’s fast-paced world, where the number of vehicles on the road is increasing at an alarming rate.

114. TRAIN TRACKING WITH LOCATION DISPLAY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

COLLEGE : SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD GUIDE : PROF. S. V. VIRAKTAMATH STUDENTS : RASIKA SURPALI VANISHRI HEGDE PUSHPA TALAWAR Introduction

In this project, the prototype of the indication system is developed where a Global Positioning System (GPS)


module continuously tracks the motion of the train hooking it to the GPS satellites. The system consists of a Coach Processor Unit (CPU) which basically consists of a microcontroller. The GPS module is interfaced with microcontroller. The CPU shall use the data from GPS module, performs a validation check on received data and displays the suitable output on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) segment.

Objectives

Display the current station name.

Intimate the passengers about the next station.

Display the approximate time required to reach the next station.

Display the stoppage time of the train at each station.

Display of present time.

Methodology

Initially the type of GPS receiver is selected according to the required features. The output of GPS receiver is fed to microcontroller, inside which the computations are made and station names and specific information are displayed on the LCD display which is interfaced to the microcontroller.

The basic block diagram of the proposed system is as shown below:

Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system

Main Components used

Microcontroller – Philips89V51RD2

GPS receiver – Quectel L10 GPS engine

GPS antenna- (operating frequency 1575.42MHz)

16 x 2 LCD segment

NMEA Message Format: The GPS module supports standard NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association)-0813 protocol and MTK private protocol. In this project we make use of only RMC NMEA format for data acquisition, which is shown in the table below.

Result

The output obtained after implementing the proposed system was satisfying all the objectives mentioned. The data received by the GPS receiver is viewed through the HyperTerminal application of the Windows XP operating system. The received data can also be viewed using any similar serial communication application.

Conclusion

The GPS receiver accurately gave the readings of latitudes and longitudes of the place where the receiver was positioned. To check the accuracy of the receiver “Google Earth” was made use of. The prototype correctly gave the output regarding the present station and next station.

Future work

The approximate time needed to reach the next station was calculated. Efforts can be made to bring down the error as small as possible and provide an exact time needed to reach the next station.

With displaying the current station, the name of the station can also be announced to make it convenient to the passengers.

This project can be extended for train accident avoidance system by making use of sensors.

115. WIRELESS INTELLIGENT TRAIN TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

COLLEGE : SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL GUIDE : MR. C. SIVAPRAKASH STUDENTS : SRIKANTH J. SIDDHARTHA SARMA B. SHASHIDHAR GOUDA SHRUTHI P. R.

Introduction

Accurate train positioning has been a fundamental requirement to improve the efficiency of the service. Present train tracking systems offers low accuracy in terms of indicating the location of a train to the Train Controllers but not to the commuters. Installing the systems, which can accurately provide such readings are really expensive and the total cost of ownership is unbearable for Indian Railways (IR).


The solution is a comprehensive GPS/GSM based train tracking system, which provides accurate, dependable and timely information to the controller. The GPS module identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central system database via GSM. The availability of this information allows the Train Controller to take accurate decisions as for the train location.

Objective

Provides an intelligent train tracking and management system to improve the existing the Indian railway transport service.

Project is to assist the passengers in locating the exact movement of the train with the simple SMS so that their valuable time is saved in waiting.

To overcome the present manual signalling system in railways (which is old and not effective), duly replacing with effective automatic signalling by using sensors, thereby averting the accidents. With the use of the same sensors and LCD, the locomotive drivers will be aware of the place of the train and also the speed at which the train has to move at that particular place, so that they can take appropriate measure to control the train.

Methodology

It is strongly believed that the GSM with latest ARM7 technologies can provide an effective and feasible solution for the requirement of a reliable and accurate train tracking system to improve the efficiency and productivity of Indian Railways. The solution we propose encompasses a powerful combination of mobile computing, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), micro controller ARM7 and software to provide an intelligent train tracking and management system to improve the existing railway transport service. All these technologies are seamlessly integrated to build a robust, scalable architecture.

Fig. 1: High Level Architecture

The fundamental process in our system is obtaining train location using GPS technology and transmitting the data via GSM network to the central control unit for data processing and information analysis. Real- time positioning information received by the server is made meaningful and extremely useful for the end user, where the end user can better organize and utilize information from a graphical view point.

The main modules in this system is micro controller ARM7 (LPC2129).

GSM

Messages sent by the user are received by the GSM module.

The Authentication of the message is done by checking the password.

According to the data sent (User Request) Micro-Controller sends commands to the GPS

Micro Controller extracts the location name and sends the same to the GSM via serial communication.

GPS

The portable hardware unit (GPS/GSM train locator unit)

Central server which handles receiving information from train locators and concurrent user requests

Graphical User Interface (GUI) to provide services to our stakeholders


When power is supplied to the system, it first sets the format for sending and receiving the messages, that is, whether the format is text or PDU with the help of AT commands. In our project we set the format for texts using the AT command CMGF.

CMGF = 1 Text format

CMGF = 2 PDU format

AT commands CMGS is used to assign the centralized unit number. After this, system is initialized for the operation to be performed and sends the message ‘Module Installed’.

After seeing many advancements and changes in the location tracking technology, Indian Railways now has the ability to pin point the location and other attributes of an operational train in an economical accurate manner. Thus it is visible that to keep up with the today’s demand for information and to comply with the citizen centric governance, technological advancements is essential.



This project can be used to detect the errors in the railway tracks also by using the same hardware which is used for in the above development hence reducing the cost.

116. BIO-SPECKLE ASSESSMENT OF BRUISING IN FRUITS

COLLEGE : SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL GUIDE : MR. C. SIVAPRAKASH STUDENTS : AAKAASH SUMANTH R. ASWATHI T. DARISI VENKATA SRAVAN

Introduction

Apple bruises are of great concern to the apple industry and the retailer because they lower the quality grade of the fruit and can cause significant economic losses. Bruising normally happens to the tissue beneath the fruit skin. After the fruit tissue is damaged, its cells are initially filled with water and turn brownish. As time elapses, the damaged cells start to lose moisture and eventually become desiccated. It is a challenging task to detect bruises on the fruit because of the presence of fruit skin and because detection accuracies are affected by factors such as time, bruise type and severity, apple variety, and fruit pre and post–harvest conditions. A number of techniques have been researched for automated detection of bruises on apple fruit. Machine vision is widely used in the fruit industry to sort fruit for size and colour. However, sorting for defects such as bruises using machine vision is still a challenging issue. Commercial defect–sorting systems have become available recently, but their capability for detecting such subtle defects as bruises is still a problem. In order to conclude on the quality of the fruit we conduct four tests namely pH, colour, size and pressure. The pH gives the acidic content of the fruit which in turn gives the water content of the fruit, the colour test is concluded to confirm on the colour of the fruit, the size tests is conducted for package purpose and the pressure gives the hardness of the fruit which again is a very important parameter in the package side of the fruit.

An external circuit is provided which concludes on the quality of the fruit by producing a high on all the led’s which is produced only when all the parameters are satisfied. The desired output is produced in less than 10 seconds hence enabling for fast results.

Objective

To conduct one to one checks

Reduces manual labour

No prior knowledge of system is required

Affordable

Methodology

This system is an efficient testing system that tests the quality of fruits and produces an output that would classify the fruit as edible or not based on 4 parameters.

The four parameters that are tested are:

pH: The pH gives the acidity level of the fruit and based on values of pH for different fruits we conclude whether the fruit is good to be consumed or not. In the case of an apple the desired value of pH ranges from 3.3 - 4.2.

Colour: This parameter is used to verify the colour of the apple as there are apples of different colours. This parameter can also be used in the system in the future to classify the fruits based on their colour.

Pressure that can be applied: This parameter is tested as it would indicate the hardness of the apple. It would also assist in the package of the apple where there would be a certain amount of pressure that is exerted on the apple. The testing of this parameter would help suggest if that particular apple needs to be used soon or could it be transported to other places during which pressure would be applied on the apple.

Size of the fruit: This parameter also assists during the package of the fruit. Although a variety of apple have pH value within the prescribed limits and the apple could enough pressure if the size of the apple is too small it would cause hindrance in the package of the fruit. Hence the size of the apple is also tested in order to ease the process package of the fruit.


The harvest, packaging and transport of apples involve mechanical damage due to dynamic or static load applied on fruit. These bruises can be visible on the skin with formation of brown blemishes but, more often, they affect the inner tissue without external defects. The texture of flesh is modified after impact: the fruit becomes soft and loses its juiciness and crunchiness, leading loss in market value. Therefore


the detection of bruised fruit is an important goal for the apple packing house managers.

Designed a system with multiple parameters that conducts tests on apples to declare it as edible or not. This being a system that tests different parameters automatically helps reduce man power and also produce the results in a minute would help the food processing industries to conduct checks on each apple thus guaranteeing its quality and in the process enabling the common man to be satisfied with the quality of the fruit before taking it home.


Complete automation of the system: The system in place makes use of a pH meter to determine the water content of the apple which requires physical labour thus by using a NIR SPECTROSCOPY the water content of the apple can be determined automatically.

Areas of usage: With better technology and reduction in costs of the system the system could became a part of the retail industry thus ensuring the consumers goes home with best quality of fruits.

Scope: With a better database in place it would enable to store data/parameters of different fruits and various variety of each.

117. AUTOMATIC DAILYWAGE PAYSLIP GENERATION AND JUSTIFICATION FOR COFFEE LABOURERS

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : MR. VARADARAJU H. R. STUDENTS : PRIYA D'SOUZA MANASA T. L. YOGANANDA K. C. KIRAN N.

Introduction

The aim of this project is to accumulate the coffee weighing process using I-Button and digital weighing scale. Here each worker is given a I-Button, daily the worker should swipe his/her card and place the seeds on the digital weighing scale. The weighed amount gets stored to the respected ID holders account. Finally it is downloaded into computer to calculate the daily wages of each worker and thus reducing the manual work. This card can be also used as a workers identity for maintaining their daily duty hours which will be very helpful for the planters to provide their workers with their wages depending on their work. This system also helps the planters in maintaining the record of their plantations such as number of workers working, their address and also financial

transactions what they have made with their owners. Since this project requires one or two technical staff it is suitable for medium and large coffee plantation perhaps not for very easy small plantations. Since the entire process is computerized this is very easy to work with. So we can make changes in the salary of the labourers depending on their work. Also the I-Button given to the workers is not so difficult to use and maintain, hence this technology can be more preferable.

Methodology

Fig: Block Diagram of automatic dailywage payslip generation system

Working Principle

The block diagram of dailywage payslip generation system. It mainly consists of power supply, microcontroller, memory, RTC, LED, I-Button. Microcontroller to keep track of the time and date of transaction. I-Button is connected to the microcontroller, this will detect the ID swept and the ID will be checked in the master memory for its existence. If the ID is active then LED will display access granted and microcontroller will read the weight the seeds in digital weighing scale and store it to the workers corresponding ID along with the time and date in slave memory. This will be repeated for every worker. A computer can be connected to the microcontroller to download the data related to the wages. In computer each worker’s daily wages will be calculated.

Applications

This project can also be used in automation of pepper, cardamom, vanilla, areca nut plantations so that manual work can be reduced.

118. MULTI PURPOSE ALIVE RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM IN WARFIELD OR DURING NATURAL CALAMITY

COLLEGE : SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLGY, LAXMESHWAR GUIDE : MS. VIDYAVATI MALLARADDI STUDENTS : BHAGYASHREE ARATTI YALLAKKA KARAKANNAVAR DEEPA PATIL


Introduction

The main objective of the proposed project is to trace the soldiers or victims alive in the war field or at the sites of natural calamities. The system reports to the base station about the soldier / person alive and whose needs an immediate medical attention. The system is very helpful in war fields and during the natural calamities. Where rescue operation cannot be carried out by the due to casualties which happen t line of sight of the enemies where rescue teams cannot access the people who are in need of medical attention. During earthquakes the people are trapped in the debris where the rescue people cannot get into inaccessible areas where victims are trapped.

Building Blocks

4 X 4 Matrix Keypad

RF Transmitter and receiver

The Micro Controller development Boards

Power Supply Adaptors 5 Volts & 12 Volts Battery .

DC Geared Motors and Motor Driver Circuitry

PIR Sensor

GSM Modem circuitry

Functional Block Diagram:

Transmitter section

Receiver section

Functional Description

This project consists of two sections that is transmitter and receiver. The transmitter part consists of keypad, micro controller and RF transmitter. The RF TX is used to transmit the signal. The keypad is used to control the robot in six different direction that is left, forward left, reveres left, right, forward right and reveres right. The transmitted signal is processed by the micro controller. Now consider the receiver section it involves PIR sensor, RF receiver, motor driver circuitry and GSM modem circuitry. During Warfield or during natural calamities we want to know the condition of injured person, then PIR sensor will help for this purpose. PIR sensor will detect the IR rays emitted by human body motion. This sensor made up of crystalline structure that consists of pyroelectric material. Pyroelectric sesor convert light energy into electric energy that is low frequency and small amplitude signal. Then this signal amplified by the micro controller. This processed signal is transmitted to GSM modem with the help of RS232 cable.GSM is used for communication purpose. It has two parts control unit and display unit. The message “PERSON OR VICTIM DETECTED” is transmitted to a mobile phone whose number is dumped in program. The relay circuit is used to drive the motor. When RX receive the signal transmitted by TX .That signal is processed by micro controller, then relay circuit is triggered. Based on the input given the robot is moved in different direction.

Application

The system is very helpful in war fields and during the natural calamities

During earthquakes the people are trapped in the debris where the rescue people cannot get into inaccessible areas where victims are trapped.

It is used to identify the people whether they are dead or alive in accident.

Future Implementation

It can use wireless camera on receiver side to receive visual image of human, and also easily controller the moment of the robot. By using camera we can detect the obstacles in the moving path. It can use DTMF technology instead of RF transmitter and receiver and also control the moment of vehicle by using mobile phone.

Conclusion

On encountering the alive human body the PIR sensor sends a relevant signal to the Micro controller, there by Micro Controller triggers the message from GSM modem. The system recognizes the status quo victim. i.e., Dead or alive. So that necessary actions can be taken.


119. MULTIPURPOSE TAMPER-PROOF SMART ENERGY METER

COLLEGE : SRI BHAGAWAN MAHAVEER JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KANAKAPURA, RAMANAGARAM GUIDE : MR. PRASANNA KUMAR C. STUDENTS : NITHIN KUMAR C. RIMPUL JEEVRAJ CHAWADA TILAK B. G. VINOD KUMAR JAIN

Introduction

Smart energy meters are devices which continuously measure the energy consumed with respect to time and store the data for further verification and billing operation. Here a low cost tamper.

Proof smart energy meter is proposed with automatic billing facility based on specific tariff. This smart meter sends the data stored to the main head office via base station for customer’s data maintenance. The data read by the meter is secured by providing a password to access it and a different password to change the tariff. If any external manual tampering takes place to the meter, it will automatically stop supplying energy to the devices. The smart meter proposed acts as multipurpose device because the same meter can be used for both domestical and industrial application.

Methodology

The incoming 3-phase/1-phase power from the station is measured in terms of power, voltage, current, frequency and power factor per phase.

Energy meter is continuously monitored by microcontroller with respect to time using RTC.

This module consists of temperature sensors and smoke detector monitored by microcontroller in order to protect it from damage.

If any manual tampering is done to the meter the protection circuit will sense it and with the help of microcontroller, the relay unit will switch off the supply to electrical devices.

After necessary calculations, the data from microcontroller will be stored in memory and simultaneously it will be displayed on LCD.

Password authentication is provided both at microcontroller level and computer. Two kinds of password are provided. One for accessing the data and other for tariff settings and configuration.

An input keypad is provided for entering password and control scrolling display in LCD.

The data stored in memory can be directly transferred to the computer via RS-232 cable or USB for tariff calculations.

At the end of every month the complete data is automatically sent from the smart meter to the base station using Zigbee protocol for billing purpose.

Finally the data from the base station is send to Head office using GPRS.

This meter can be used as multipurpose by configuring it for either domestical or industrial application using configuration software.

Tamper recording facility is provided with respect to date and time of occurrence of missing potential and current, current and voltage imbalance and current reversal.

Advantages

Reduce human error.

High efficiency.

Avoid power theft.

Low power consumption.

Low cost.

User friendly.

Data security.

Bulk data transmission over long distances.

Automatic bill generation based on tariff.

Multipurpose.

Tamper recording and protection.

Future Enhancements

On every 45th day, if the bill is not paid by the consumer then supply of power will be automatically cut down.


This meter can be used to replace the existing electrical grid into smart grid.

This meter can be monitored remotely over a long distance.

120. SIXTH SENSE GESTURE REORGANIZATION SYSTEM (6S-GRS)

COLLEGE : SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE GUIDE : MR. SATHISH KUMAR K. STUDENTS : ANSON STEPHEN ARTH KUMAR D. RAO FAHEEM ADIL B. ESHAK

Objectives

The main objective of making the project Sixth sense basically is for a noble cause. This is because it helps people who cannot speak and communicate. This can be a revolution in the world of communication as physically disabled people can also live a normal life. Here we have made an attempt to achieve this goal. This an made idea behind our project SIXTH SENSE.

Methodology

Devices used

1. Web Camera

2. PC (Laptops)

3. Speakers

Basic Description

The project is based on Sixth Sense Technology. Sixth Sense Technology is based on the interaction between the real world and the digital world. Usually, dumb people use gestures to communicate with the society but most of us cannot understand what they want to convey. So this project is based on recognizing their gestures and transforming them into a meaningful word or a sentence.

Normal gestures like eat, come and go etc can be easily understood by their gesture but it is difficult to understand unusual complicated gestures. So this device will help them to sort out their problem. This project could be better understood by the flow chart.

The basic representation of the system is shown below as a figure

Fig. : Basic Representation of 6s-GRS System

Flow chart:


The goal of this project is to create a gesture recognition system and help the dumb people to communicate with the society. Based on the unique pattern and position of each gesture the audio file corresponding to that particular gesture is triggered.

Test was first performed on stored gestures and then the test proceeded on real time gestures. The result is comparatively much better because in this case most of the memory is saved. This is because as this project all about just identifying the position and the pattern of each gesture based on the active areas (red color bands) so there is no need to store the gesture images in the database. Thus the output of the project is more accurate i.e. the audio file corresponding to each gesture in real time is played after the comparison is done.



For future enhancement the following equipments may used to increase the storage capacity and display the voices using a text to speech converter module.

1) DSP processor

2) Digital Camera

3) LCD display

4) Speakers

121. DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL AND SEARCH STRATEGY FOR SWARM ROBOT

COLLEGE : SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE GUIDE : MR. DIJITH P. STUDENTS : THEJAS NARAYANAN SANJU JOSEPH GEO THOMAS ANWAR ALI

Introduction

The concept of Swarm-robot isbased on biologically inspired swarm intelligence and co-operation. Biological swarm is a fascinating behaviour of nature that has been successfully applied to solve human problem especially for robotics application.This strategy allows co-ordination of simple physical robot to co-operatively execute a single global task.In a swarm robotics system, although each single robot of the swarm is a fully autonomous robot, the swarm as a whole can solve problems that single robots cannot deal with because of limited capabilities or physical constraints. The swarm robotics algorithms do not require robots to depend on one another. If a single module fails, the rest of the swarm can continue performing its actions as if that module never existed. Swarm behavior has many potential applications in practice of engineering such as mobile sensor networking, surveillance, and search and rescue operation. Robotic swarms have several advantages over their more complex individual robot counterparts and are the results of using many robots instead of just one.

Objectives

The objective of this project is to implement a swarm consisting of four identical robots which can carry out a decentralized search operation in an open space for locating an object of interest.

Methodology

The implemented swarm consists of four identical robots. Each robot consists of a communication

part, controller part, and motor driving part. The communication part includes 6 IR transceiver module oriented in 600 angle from each other and hence covering 3600 around the robot. This helps in sending broadcast messages and directional messages to any of the six directions. The IR transceiver module has an IR emitter and a TSOP 1738 photodiode as receiver. It also has a 555 IC in its circuit for generating 38 kHz signal for transmitter.

The controller part consists of microcontroller ATmega8L, which is configured to operate at 1MHz generated by internal RC oscillator. It has 28pins of which 12 port pins are used up for 6 IR transceivers 1 for object detection and 4 for motor control. The microcontroller has many peripheral components of which two timers are used, one for motor speed control and another as a timer during operation.

The robot has to perform 4 operations. First is to do obstacle avoidance motion for which 3 front IR Transceivers are scanned and decision is made according to their reading. The second is to scan for calling/ object detected signal from neighboring robot. Both the above operation is implemented in a Round-robin fashion. If the calling signal is detected it will initiate the process of aggregation, where in the robot which received the signal will stop its motion and turn towards the calling robot, then it will relay the message for some time for passing the signal to other robots, then after a time out period all the robot will move towards the calling robot. The fourth operation is an object detection task which is implemented as an interrupt function, so that we don’t have to invest extra CPU resource for the same. The external circuit for object detection sends a signal to the external interrupt pinsof microcontroller so that the interrupt service routine generates the calling signal and broadcast it in 3600 around the robot.

The motor speed control is implemented as a part of PWM mode operation of timer1 in the microcontroller. The motor is made to operate at 50% duty cycle which makes turning of the robot to either side easier. The individual behavior of all the robots to the changing environmental condition collectively makes the robots to exhibit a swarm behavior.


Based on the studies, search and control strategies where carefully designed to meet future high end enhancement possibilities. As an initiation, implementation algorithms were written to implement the basic functionalities of the robot, to simulate a real world problem solving strategy. The swarm of robots where successfully able to detect an object in an open space and the exhibited the behavior of ‘sticking to a group’. They also aggregate around the object when it was detected. A well structured idea for future enhancements have been made. Further work on this project to meet those ends can yield a good control


and search strategy for the application of swarm robot in real world applications.


Advantage of using RF is easiness for sending broadcast messages. As RF communication is non-directional a robot will be able to send broadcast messages to all other robot for the purpose of signalling them about object detection, or switch over to another search mode command etc. With the help of RF we will be able to setup a control station from where we can signal the swarm to behave according to our requirement.

122. SOLAR ENERGY OPTIMISATION BY PRECISION SUN TRACKING

COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : DR. ASHOK KUMAR T. STUDENTS : AJAY V. S. RANJEET KUMAR VARUN T. ABHISHEK A. B.

Introduction

Solar panels or solar collectors are used in the conversion of solar energy to the other forms of energy. Whenever sun light, in the form of photons, falls on the solar panel, it is converted into electrical energy. In traditional method, the solar panels are always fixed at one particular position. Hence the solar energy is not used to maximum extent because panel will be facing the sun for a small duration of time in a day. The solution to the above is to employ solar trackers, which follows the path of the sun as sun position changes.

Objectives

Survey and collection of necessary supportive information from various literatures, Books and journals.

Collection of information regarding the motion/ path followed by the sun for the whole year

Designing and building necessary electronic hardware and algorithms to sense sun’s

Position, generation of error voltage and drive the motors to turn the solar panel

Positioning solar panel or dish in order to face the sun so as to get maximum energy throughput throughout the day.

Methodology

A commercial plug and play webcam is used as a sensor element (HYTECH 8050), and it offers an image resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. A polarised

filter of UV mask is fitted to the webcam to prevent saturation of the charge-coupled device (CCD) when solar radiation is very intense. The filter is also found useful to develop a real time thresholding of the image. The webcam is connected to a personal computer through USB port.

The system calculates the centroid of the sun and its coordinates S(x, y), and forced to match with the coordinates of the center of the image C(x, y), and drives the motor driving circuit to relocate the dish to face the sun so that movement of dish will be stopped when sun comes to the center of the captured image. Whole process depends upon continuous image processing (median filter, thresholding and loops) and sun position tracking.

Block diagram of the sun tracking

Typical Tracking Systems

Conclusion

The result shows that the conversion efficiency of the solar concentrators is increased due to maximum utilization of the solar energy falling on the solar panels. During the bright sunny days the tracker easily located the sun and during the partial cloud coverage the tracker located the brightest region in the sky and moved the panel. When there is complete cloud coverage the tracker showed no movement until it located the brightest region in the sky. The developed system is working satisfactorily as per the design objectives.



The MatLab code can be converted into C or java so that this project can be implemented in the embedded system in order to eliminate the use of standalone computer and miniaturises the entire system.

The project can be modified by using DC motors to rotate the large sized solar collectors.


123. COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR COUNTING AND WEIGHING OF CEMENT BAGS IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES

COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : S. M. PHARSHIYAWAR STUDENTS : VENKTESH V BOCHGERI SHRIKANTH GADAGI SUNIL MIRASHI RAJANI SUDI

Introduction

At present cement bags are filled automatically with preset weight at Keshav cements and dropped from the height of one meter. Occasionally the bags get damaged and loose material due to opening of the stitch. The packing unit is preset for the designed weight but due to change in the setting or also due to damage caused to the sacks, there is a chance that some of them are over/under weighing. An operator has to monitor the moving bags continuously to identify defective bags and sort them out of the conveyer for inspection. Some suspicious bags are also taken out and checked for the accuracy on a physical balance. The same operator also has to count the bags that are being delivered. Since it is a monotonous work there are always chances that the defective bags slip through his sight and often there are mistakes in counting. Apart from that, the operator has to work under the dusty environment for eight hours per day which is hazardous to his health.

The present project work is aimed at the design and fabrication of automatic cement bag counting and weighing system, which can be attached to the conveyor without major alterations.

The proposed device is expected to eliminate the error in counting and weighing, apart from avoiding human operator in the hazardous environment.

Objectives

To design and fabricate an automatic counting and weighing system for filled bags moving on conveyor at dispatch section.

To eliminate the operator intervention for counting and weighing under the hazardous environment.

To provide automatic computer interface for counting and data collection.

To install the IR based counter for counting the cement bags.

To automate the process of separating defective bags.

To reduce the effort and time required for weighing the doubtful cement bags manually

To provide easy and effective documentation system for quality control and improvement.

Methodology

Figure 1

A strain gauge mounted cantilever beam is fixed below the moving conveyor as shown in Figure 1, which senses the weight of the bag. In order to ensure the transmission of full load to the beam, a series of support rollers are removed and the belt is allowed to sag on to the beam. Electrical signals in the form of micro volts from the strain gauge due to change in resistance are taken as the input data to micro control unit. The micro controller unit is programmed to compare the weight of the bags with the preset values and generates actuation signal when there is a deviation. The gate closes only when the signal of defective bag is encountered and diverts the direction of movement of such bags side word from the main conveyer.


Two IR sensors set on the frame of conveyor are connected to the microcontroller for counting the number of defective and non defective bags separately. The out put from these sensors is also connected to the display unit (LED display) placed on the site of the dispatch section for ready reference. The data can be logged on to the computer through the micro controller for further analysis and documentation.

124. VOICE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC WHEEL CHAIR

COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN GUIDE : PROF. B. N. PRASANNA KUMAR STUDENTS : BHASKAR H. NIKHIL S. S. POOJA KOTHARI J. SWATHI BHAGAWATH K. G.

Introduction

A wheel chair is a chair with wheels, designed to be a replacement for walking. The device comes in variations where it is propelled by motors or by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand. Often there are handles behind the seat for someone else to do the pushing. Wheel chairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness (physiological or physical), injury or disability.

The normally provided manual operable switch lever on an electrically driven wheel chair incorporates pairs of switch arms so that additional circuitry can be provided for interconnection with normally provided left and right wheel drive motors. This additional circuitry comprises electrical resistances arranged to be connected across the motor leads by the manually operable switch when in an unactuated position for the particular motor in question. The provision of these resistances across the motor leads when the motors are un energized results in absorption of back voltage spikes to thereby avoid burning out the switch means, dynamic braking when the motors acts as generators as a result of the wheel chair coasting, easier steering control when only one of the motors is energized to effect a turn, and permits the use of permanent magnet type dace. Motors for the left and right wheel drive motors.

Objectives

To develop a user friendly electric wheel chair for handicap people who can able to control the wheel chair by voice command

Methodology

Actual Operation of the Voice Controlled Electric Wheel chair

Operation of the Wheel Chair by Voice Commands:

UP: When user gives the command as UP the Micro Phone will converts the Audio Signals to the electric vibration and this signal is passed from the speech recognition software that had been installed in the Laptop. The signal is passed to the MAX232 which converts computer signal to TTL signals which Microcontroller can understand and hence this signal will moves to the L293DH-Bridge driver then the Signals from the driver moves to the 12V DPDT Relay for further operation .The output of the relay is connected to the 12V strong Dc motors in suitable polarity in assisting the direction of the Wheel Chair.


During this mode two motors is rotating in clockwise and hence it moves front.

DOWN : When user gives the command as DOWN the Micro Phone will converts the Audio Signals to the electric vibration and this signal is passed from the speech recognition software that had been installed in the Laptop.

During this mode two motors is rotating in anticlockwise and hence it moves back.

LEFT : When user gives the command as LEFT the Micro Phone will Converts the Audio Signals to the electric vibration and this signal is passed from the speech recognition software that had been installed in the Laptop.

During this mode one motor is rotating in clockwise and another motor is rotating in anti-clockwise hence it moves left.

RIGHT : When user gives the command as RIGHT the Micro Phone will Converts the Audio Signals to the electric vibration and this signal is passed from the speech recognition software that had been installed in the Laptop.

During this mode one motor is rotating in clockwise and another motor is rotating in anti-clockwise hence it moves left.

Conclusion

The designed wheel chair can carry a load up to 60 Kg, both in plane surface and even at 30 degree inclination at a speed of 1.1kmph .To ensure the safety of the wheel chair it is not provided maximum speed. It can turn through forward, backward and also other directions. As the technology is innovative and it can even be used by the patients who have undergone paralytic stroke and have lost the power of hands too.


The IR obstacle sensors can also be installed in order to sense any obstacle that occurs during the movement of the wheel chair.

A DC voltage regulator can be installed, so that the speed of the wheel chair can be varied.

125. NON CONVENTIONAL CUTTING OF GLASS PLATE USING HOT AIR JET

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : SRI. NAGARAJA B. STUDENTS : SUPRIYA M.S. NANDINI.KENI MALLIKARJUN.HIDKAL

Introduction

Conventionally, plate glass (soda lime glass ) is cut by a diamond point tool or a diamond wheel. The cut surface by this method is roufh and wavy. Microcrack, which affects the life aqnd quality of glass, may develop during cutting. It is diffecult to cut non stright profile by the convenstional method and glass wastage is more. Reseachers have used laser cutting on glasses of thickness lesser than 1mm. In this project an attempt has been made to develop centre crack by using hot air jet. Hot air jet machining can be applied for thermal cutting and abrasive hot air machining. Experiment studies are conducted to determine the variation of the cutting speed for various values of the stand –off distance, and variation of the time for various values of the cutting length and the effect of various parameters like temperature, cutting length, SOD has been studied. Soda lime Glass is used as work materials. Soda lime Glass is a uniform amorphous olid material, usually produced when the viscous molten material cools very rapidly to below its glass transition temperature without sufficient time for a regular crystal lattice to form. Most glass is a mixture of silica obtained from beds of fine sand or from pulverized sandstone; an alkali to lower the melting point usually a form of soda or, for finer glass, potash lime as a stabilizer, and cullet (waste glass) to assist in melting the mixy-ture. The properties of glass are varied by adding other sudstances, commonly in the form of oxides, e.g., lead, boron, barium etc. Experimental studies are conducted to determine the variation of the cutting speed for various values of the stand-off distance, glass thickness, air temperature, and air flow rates.

Objectives

Thermal cutting on glass plate

Square hole by using both abrasive and hot air jet

Crack initiation is by using hot air jet

An attempt is made to cut intricate shapes such as elliptical, circles etc


Study on the effect of various parameters on cutting rate such as SOD, thickness of glass, air temperature, nozzle diameter, air flow rate.

Advantages

High velocity jet is obtained

No coating of abrasive parcticles at the inner surface of chamber

It has capability of machining holes of intricate shapes in hard materials

It provides cool cutting action

Less power and low capital investment

Conclusion

From the conventional methods of glass cutting makes use of air jet produced by low and simple. The hot air jet cutting is successfuly used to make hole oin square or any other shape profiles without making disturbance for the whole profile. From this it is possible to cut intricate profile on mirrors and ophthalmic lens. The hot air jet method has several advantages over other comparable methods such as laser and water jet. It is not required very high temperature or high pressure for its operation. There is no melting or wear of glass at the edge. The process does not generate glass powder or fumes. It requires a simple arrangement to produce a hot air jet., which does not require high initial, capital equipment. The surface finish of hot air cut section is smoother than those obtained by the diamond tool and water jet cutting. No micro cracksare developed at the cut edge. The process is amenable to computer control and it is able to produce complex shapes. It is a non-contact process. Thus, the process is simple, clean, safe and economical.

An experimental set up is developed for cutting plate using hot air jet and XY co-ordinate table, the effect of various parameter such as air temperature, cutting rate, time taken for crack propagation/cm are studied. This is very useful for glass plate fabrication in various applications. We tried several times to generate centre crack from existing experiental set-up but it was not supportive due to improper conditions and material property.


At high temperature with proper material properties and working condition the centre crack wll be obtained instead of manual XY table. CNC table can be used for feeding the work material. The work material can be moved at a uniform speed. The operators will be safe. The processes of thermal cutting will be performed on granite and

other composite materials. Fine shape of any profile can be obtained by using hot air as carrier media.


126. AN AUTONOMIC MOBILE COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR CARDIAC PARAMETER MONITORING WITH ALERT MECHANISM

COLLEGE : BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI GUIDE : MS. MAHALAXMI BHILLE STUDENTS : MEGHA DALVI SHRADDHA UPADHYA CHETAN ANAND SIDDHARATHA HANSRAJ

Problem Statement

Now a days use of mobile devices in health care settings might improve decision-making and reduce the numbers of medical errors. However, mobile devices are not commonly used in telemedicine and health care, and there is a lack of suitable functions and software applications. The aim is to develop an autonomic mobile computing system that can manage itself with an Attentive User Interface for important cardiac parameter monitoring.

Description

Oximetry Sensor

Pulse oximetry is a state-of-the-art noninvasive method for determining the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen. Our choice for HealthGear was Nonin’s Flex Oximeter, an off-the-shelf constant monitoring oxime try sensor depicted. This sensor is small, light-weight, flexible and capable of long-term monitoring, all of which make it particularly suitable for wearable applications.

The sensor is connected to Nonin’s Xpod board, a processing unit that captures and processes the raw analog sensor data and outputs a digital serial stream containing SpO2 and heart rate at 3 Hz. The XPod also provides a plethysmographic signal sampled at 75 Hz.

Operating ranges for the heart rate are 18 − 300 bpm and 70 − 100% for the oxygen saturation. The sensor’s LEDs drain 3 mW each, while the total power consumption, including the XPod module, is 60 mW at 3 V.


Architecture

Wireless Data Transmission

Once a serial data stream is produced by the sensor, a wireless transmitter is required to send the data to the cell phone. The Bluetooth (BT) chosen because of its pervasiveness. The Class 2 transmitter with a built-in antenna, 30 m range, current consumption of 28 mA at 9600 bps (HealthGear’s current data transmission speed) and 3 V operating voltage. The module can be configured by means of AT commands. HealthGear can run continuously for about 12 hours with two AAA rechargable batteries. In cellphone a mobile application should be built in such a way that it should receive the data from the Bluetooth device which is sent from the hardware device. If the data received from the hardware device crosses the Threshold value message is sent to 5 contact numbers which is stored in the application by the user. Hypertensive patients can not contact anyone in emergency conditions. In such case this system tracks the location of a patient through GPS system and sends message.

127. FAST IP REROUTING ENGINE COLLEGE : MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MYSORE GUIDES : DR. S. K. NIRANJAN AND MR. HARSHA S. STUDENTS : SHRUTHI R. RAJATH MAGADI SEEMA KHANUM

Introduction

Network design and modeling, is the most important phase of computer communication. Each network is designed with the intent of keeping it robust and tolerant to errors. The highest number of data losses occurs with the failure of nodes. A node failure can be due to a large number of reasons including power failure, shutdown, and virus or hacking. Hence all network designs have the three

scenarios; Best, Average and Worst. This brings forward the question of recovery from failure. This involves recovering data, addresses and routing information.

Objectives

To design and develop a system based on information available in the neighboring nodes to reconstruct the information

To increase the response capabilities

To over come the node failure

Methodology

Scenario:

Figure 1 : Network showing a link failure

The figure 1represents 8-node network where links are represented by blue lines and path by green lines. Here an example of sending packets from 1 to 7 is considered. When the link 4 fails it routes packets from backup node to 7. Or if the next node itself is destination then it loops back the packets.

Flow chart:

Single link failure recovery: When a failure occurs, a subset of the nodes switch to their backup ports for fast rerouting, and the set of forwarding paths are


changed accordingly. The rerouting is correct if and only if the new set of forwarding paths still form a spanning tree with node 1 as the root.

Single node recovery: Single-node failures are different from single-link failures in that the failure of a node disables all the links directly connected to it. Consequently, several sub-trees could be detached from the primary tree.

Result and conclusion:

In reactive method FIRE floods in order to recognize all nodes are active in network and it uses the result data to construct best and optimal paths and failure detected is updated in log to reconstruct path.

In proactive method probing of packets is done in order to recognize the time out or failure conditions of a system, specially the nodes which are with more idle time are checked for periodic response.

In the operating system level each connection is checked with ping in command prompt and with FIRE program being run it starts listening to all the nodes on network.

Using FIRE even the indirectly connected nodes can be reached and it returns the status of machine not only the packet delivery.

FIRE is useful in all the Internet Applications


Fast rerouting with load balancing and shared link grouped into design.

Load balancing is a computer networking methodology to distribute workload across multiple computers or a computer cluster, network links, central processing units, disk drives, or other resources.

128. CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING HMM

COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF.RAMESH BYALI STUDENTS : AJAY G. U. GIRISH V. MOHAN REDDY A.

Introduction

Credit-card-based purchases can be categorized into two types: 1) physical card and 2) virtual card. In a physical-card based purchase, the cardholder presents his card physically to a merchant for making a payment. To carry out fraudulent transactions in this kind of purchase, an attacker

has to steal the credit card. In the second kind of purchase, only some important information about a card (card number, expiration date, secure code) is required to make the payment. Such purchases are normally done on the Internet or over the telephone. To commit fraud in these types of purchases, a fraudster simply needs to know the card details. Most of the time, the genuine cardholder is not aware that someone else has seen or stolen his card information. The only way to detect this kind of fraud is to analyze the spending patterns on every card and to figure out any inconsistency with respect to the “usual” spending patterns. Since humans tend to exhibit specific behaviorist profiles, every cardholder can be represented by a set of patterns containing information about the typical purchase category, the time since the last purchase, the amount of money spent, etc. Deviation from such patterns is a potential threat to the system.

Objective

The project aims to provide security against fraud transaction and at the same time care is taken that genuine transaction are not rejected.

Methodology

First stage involves building the VS.NET window application which will give a form control on which we can place all the different controls such as label, textbox, checkboxes, buttons, command buttons etc. Each of these controls is associated with a set of properties and event procedures.

Second stage involves the component that need to the VS.NET application, in order to provide the compatibility between the external devices connected and VS.NET application.

In this case System.IO.Ports component is added to the VS.NET application in order to capture the user card number through RFID card reader, GsmComm.GsmCommunication Component is added to the VS.NET application in order to provide compatibility between GSM modem and VS.NET application. This helps in sending of SMS to user through GSM modem.

Third stage involves creation of new user account and setting his security levels for his account to avoid the fraudulent or unauthorized transaction

Fourth stage involves Microsoft SQL server to be set with relevant account details and all the necessary account settings are set and tested for the transactions

Fifth stage involves a GSM modem is used to send the dynamic password to the relevant user mobile.


System architecture

Results

The group performed large-scale simulation studies to test the efficiency of the system. A simulator is used to generate a mix of genuine and fraudulent transactions. The number of fraudulent transactions in a given length of mixed transactions is normally distributed with a user specified μ (mean) and σ (standard deviation), taking cardholder’s spending behavior into account. μ specifies the average number of fraudulent transactions in a given transaction mix. In a typical scenario, an issuing bank, and hence its FDS, receives a large number of genuine transactions sparingly intermixed with fraudulent transactions. The genuine transactions are generated according to the cardholders’ profiles. The cardholders are classified into three categories as mentioned before - the low, medium and high spending groups.

Conclusion

“Credit Card Fraud Detection Using HMM” is an application intended to provide security to a standalone system. It provides better authentication technique than the normal credit card systems. The security images and questions along with dynamic password play a vital role to decide the access permission to be provided for the user of the system.

Future enhancements

The project has covered almost all the requirements. Further requirements and improvements can easily be done since the coding is mainly structured or modular in nature. Improvements can be appended by changing the existing modules or adding new modules. One important development that can be added to the project in future is file level backup, which is presently done for folder level.

129. MOBILE WALLET COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE GUIDE : MR. GOWRI SHANKAR STUDENTS : ANEESHA RAO A. ARUNA DEVI K. MEGHASHREE G. RAJANI CHETAN

Introduction

A mobile wallet allows a person to exchange physical cash for virtual money, which is stored in the network and is accessed through mobile phones. This virtual money can then be used to purchase or pay for various goods and services at specific merchants who accept this form of virtual mobile money.

The mobile user would need to do is pay cash to the mobile wallet provider to load his/her phone with credit and then use the virtual money for mobile phone top-up, bill payments, buying things at shops that accept mobile payments or even to buy tickets. The biggest advantage is that the system does not necessarily require high-end smart phones.

Objective

To design and develop mobile phones as virtual wallet

The money transaction from the mobile phone is connected to the bank account.

Methodology

The customer has to register for M-wallet through web. The customer all be given unique ID and password. This can be utilized for purchase and transfer. As the product ID is send to the server, it rechecks the details of customer stored in the database and allow him the transaction after authentication. By selecting option the amount can be transferred. Further MDS algorithms used in case of lost of mobile and immediately the customer will be given new ID and password.


Conclusion and Future work

The software is very useful in modern mobiles to maintain the secrecy of transaction.

The effective control has been achieved by controlling different processes, devices and sending and receiving messages from administrator to the clients.

A highly interactive user-friendly Java and J2me base software tool was developed to solve the problem.

The software can also be developed using WML instead of J2ME, which is very fast due to the protocol future. The software can be enhanced to an additional future to provide durable and comfortable service to the administrator.


130. PREPAID ELECTRICITY BILLING SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE : JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. A. A. SHOLAPUR STUDENTS : DIVYA L. NARAYAN POOJA S. VISHALAXI R. M.

Introduction

In this project we propose a method for recharging the electricity charges and to intimate via a SMS to the user with the help of GSM modem. This proposal greatly reduces the burden on the agent, eco-friendly, hassle-free, saves time, more reliable and operates efficiently without human interference.

Objectives

To provide a means for easy payment of electricity bill.

To give continuous information of electricity consumption and billing system

Methodology

This is a microcontroller based application. This unit will accept the number of units recharged by the concerned department person, counts the number of units consumed by the customer and as soon as the customer exceeds the recharged amount, it will disconnect the power supply to the customer until the next recharge. Whenever the number of units in microcontroller becomes zero microcontroller sends

a signal to “Contact Maker /Breaker circuit” which is nothing but the relay and this relay cuts off the power supply to the consumer until next recharge.

Block diagram

Conclusions

This system gives the continuous information of electricity consumption. It is also useful in avoiding unnecessary wastage of power. The system have designed is cost effective and can be used in real time with minimum or no changes.

131. SMART IRRIGATION COLLEGE : MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. A. RAMACHANDRAN STUDENTS : SOMNATH MANDAL SOMANNA B. A. SANTOSH KUMAR MUKESH KUMAR

Introduction

The main aim of the project is to design, develop and construct a model for irrigating a field and using solar energy efficiently for measurement and control operation. Irrigation is done automatically whenever its required based on the moisture content of the specific field. Currently irrigation is done using sprinklers, emitters, drippers etc., but none of these methods are fully automatic. Besides, either these methods do not use solar energy or even if used it is not exploited efficiently.

The project consists of following aspects namely:

The first part comprises of solar tracker which tracks the path of the sun.

The second part is the battery that is required to run all the components in the project.

In the third part there are two sensors, namely a moisture sensor and Light Dependent Resistors. (LDRs resistance changes according to the change in light intensity.)

The fourth part is the water pump which is driven by the output of the controller.


Objective

To use scientific methodology in irrigation and there by modernizing agriculture.

To reduce the labour required and the labour cost, since the scarcity of labourers is very evident these days.

To provide timely and precise irrigation for agronomic crops.

To make use of non-conventional source of energy in an efficient manner for measurement and control operations.

To increase the solar panel efficiency by the use of solar tracker in the project.

To increase the yield by the use of scientific methods.

To reduce the wastage of water due unnecessary irrigation.

Methodology

Materials

The various materials used in the project are: Solar panel, rechargeable battery, Stepper motor, moisture sensor, LDR sensors, microcontroller, water pump, IC LM317, RF module, decoder, encoder, ADC0809.

Methods

This project is based on the use of solar energy to irrigate a field. Here using an intelligent solar panel which tracks the sun during the course of the day. The panel’s output goes to the power management unit (PMU) which contains the battery and a charging circuit. The unit also contains a battery health indicator. The power from the PMU is given to all the components such as microcontroller, moisture sensor etc.

The moisture sensor senses the moisture content of the soil and gives its output to the controller. The controller compares the sensor output with a predefined value. This predefined value is fed according to the soil type and its texture. If the sensor output is less than predefined value, the controller sends the signal to the transmitter. The transmitter transmits the signal to the receiver. There is a pump at the receiving end along with its drive. On receiving the command the pump operates and irrigates the field.

Block Diagram

Conclusion

This project basically provides a solution for efficient and timely irrigation and making use of the solar energy and carrying out irrigation. This is a major advantage in large farmland where irrigation by human being is very tiresome job. Hence in those areas, this module will be very helpful.

Hence it concluded with following results:

Efficient tracking of the sun using the LDRs.

Maximum utilization of the solar energy.

Efficient sensing of the moisture content of the field.

Timely and efficient irrigation of the field.

Reduce in the wastage of water and thus avoid over flooding of the fields.

Scope of future work

Use of wireless sensor network for soil moisture monitoring is a promising new technology. Thus this work can be used for timely irrigation of large farmland with the use of wireless sensors and control valves.

132. AUTOMET (AUTOMATED DRIVERLESS METRO TRAIN)

COLLEGE : MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MS. J. V. ALAMELU STUDENTS : AVINASH S. CHAYA D. GURURAJA SAGARNAIDU

Introduction

This project is designed to understand and implement the technology used in the present driverless metro train. These train having inbuilt intelligence can control its movement as well as measure and transmit vital parameters to monitoring stations. The train is specifically programmed for a destination and every station on the path is predefined.


Background

Metro trains basically have a pair of driver car and motor car. Driver car consists of overall train control, power system equipments and communication systems. Motor car consists of induction motors, braking systems and speed controls. Tracks are equipped with pickup coils at regular intervals by which the position of train is known. The metro trains use RF transceiver to communicate with train and control centre. Controlling of automated trains which includes overall movement, speed, maximum speed limit, braking system, alarms etc. are done by control centre.

Objectives

AUTOMET-Automated driverless Metro train is a realistic model which synchronizes with actual automated metro train plying in the world.

The AUTOMET is a built in intelligent metro train which can drive to the destination without any human interference, on the predefined path it stops at stations, indicates station, destination station names and also wirelessly transmits these data to a remote monitoring centre. AUTOMET is equipped with a speed sensor, distance travelled and speed is calculated and thus the train’s position and the speed value are transferred to monitoring centre.

The automation includes:

Movement of train.

Measurement and transmission of speed in real time.

Display of data on train and monitoring centre.

Highlights of the project

Third rail traction system to power the trains.

Dynamic braking system to stop train.

ZigBEE communication for transmission of data.

Model of AUTOMET train

Movement of Train

Movement of train suggest the running train effectively and stopping train at particular stations and also deals with key issue like real time speed measurement. The block diagram shows the overview of the setup, speed sensor (hall sensor) is placed near the wheel such that it senses the number of rotations. The controller counts the number of rotations, thus speed and distance travelled by train is calculated. Based on the calculated values controller changes the state of the DC motor through H-Bridge.

The entire automation is dependent on the measurement of speed, magnetized wheel and hall sensor setup that is used to measure the number of rotations.

This Project employs ZigBEE communication medium to transmit and receive data from train (AUTOMET) and Monitoring centre. The block diagram gives an overview of the parts involved in communication systems. The module (CC2500) on both ends (train and monitoring centre) has inbuilt IEEE 802.15.4 stack protocol and is interfaced serially through RS-232 to the controller.

The information of AUTOMET as destination station, next station and calculated data like speed value, distance travelled are transmitted from train to monitoring centre. On receiving the above information and data the remote monitoring centre displays these data on its HMI (through LCD).

This Project - AUTOMET, gives out the solution to the problems faced in current urban transport system and also tries to be more passengers friendly. This project demonstrates automating a metro train; establish communication setup between train and monitoring centre, display of essential data on train as well as in monitoring centre.

The end product of the project will be a miniaturised version of the automated metro train which can easily be inculcated in the real world.

The technical standard in our project can prove some advantages like

The frequency of operating trains can be increased considerably.

The trains can move more closely between each other as the controlling happens in micro second precision.


The passengers can get to know more information about the trains schedule through monitoring centres.

Safety- increase of passenger’s safety

Performance- high availability and regularity

Throughput- equal or more than conventional metros

Service- short headways at any time with high frequency

Adoption - serve quickly an extra demand at low cost

Comfort- smooth auto control and stopping

Brand- feeling of modernity

Future Scope

Monitoring centre having a database about trains that are tagged with a code to ensure tracking of all trains.

Measure and transfer more parameters.

Use system on chips like CC2xxx, Atmega 128RFA1 (8051+ZigBee module) for controlling and communication.

Try to provide more information for the passengers travelling from the Remote monitoring centre.

133. AGRICULTURAL ROBOT COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. SHILPA MEHTA STUDENTS : KEERTI K. KANCHI RAISA KHADER M. ROHINI R. S. NAGAMMA M.

Introduction

This project involves the application of Robot in the field of agriculture, and uses normal tyre wheels as opposed to the chained wheels of other robot, with one free wheel to control the direction. The drilling and seeding mechanism is so arranged that the farmers can control it from the RF remote control which has user friendly keys. The system has been designed with wireless technique to control the action wirelessly. Another feature of this system is to detect the moisture level in any part of the field using moisture detector and sends this information through wireless technique to the farmers. For the detection of Soil moisture the farmers have to send required command signal from the keypad. These RF signals are received by the robotic side receiver, and processed through controller, control signals are then generated accordingly to sense the moisture and, if required activates the motor pump, the DC motor used is bidirectional. There is another

one circuit for the detection of fire in the field, a bi-metallic sensor is used which senses the fire and produces a buzzer sound at the receiver side.

Methodology

The designed Robot operates in two modes, one is the automatic mode and other is the RF mode. In automatic mode the robot itself performs several important functions like drilling, seeding. In RF mode the movement of the robot (like forward, backward, right and left, as well as the functions like moisture detection, fire detection, drilling, seeding, spraying fertilizers) is decided by the farmer with the help of keypad. Conducting probe sensors are used to sense the moisture in the soil.

Once the moisture is sensed by the robot, it will send the wireless signal to the receiver at the farmer side, if there is moisture in the soil it is indicated by the buzzer sound. Based on the moisture content the farmer takes a decision whether watering is needed or not. Sprayer control is activated with the help of remote, provided to the farmer to sprinkle the water. This method avoids human labor required for testing the moisture content at different parts of the field.

System Details

Fig: Block diagram of the farmer side arrangement

Fig: Block diagram of the robot side arrangement


Advantages

Require very less manpower

Solar operation avoids the dependence of electricity.

Neat seeding is possible.

Fertilizers and chemicals can be spread by robot.

Applications

Solar panel converts light energy to electrical voltage which is stored in the battery and utilized for all circuits.

Wireless detection of moisture level.

Future scope

Navigation is done through CCD Camera.

It is Possible to capture both video & audio information in the fields.

113344.. VIRTUAL KEYBOARD WITH WIRELESS PS2 KEYBOARD PC INTERFACE

COLLEGE : RAO BAHADUR Y. MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELLARY GUIDE : MRS. GIRIJA VANI STUDENTS : MD KHAJA HASSAIN K. S. C. S. QUADEER BASHA S. MOHAMMAD ERFAN VEERABHADRA GOUDA

Introduction

This project demonstrating a emerging technology in which replace bulky keyboards with virtual keyboards. These keyboards are based on lasers, projectors & CMOS image camera. The keyboard watches finger movements and translates them into keystrokes in the device which can be your Palm Pc, Mobile Phone, PDA etc.


The Virtual Keyboard has three main components: the laser camera, and printed keyboard. The laser beam is simply a conventional off-the-shelf red laser with a line-generating diffractive optical element (DOE) attached to it or in other case one can put multiple lasers and if ambient light is good without lasers also it can do. Described assembly generates an invisible plane of red light hovering a few millimeters above the typing surface. When a finger passes through this plane, it shines bright red in that region. CMOS camera capture this and transmits to AVR/Similar processor and then after processing we get output which key was pressed ,

with Bluetooth this output can be given to PDA, Mobile etc and suitable device driver is also required. In case of ambient light processing is different and we can take 2-8bit black White image instead of color image, which will make downloading of image in camera faster, compared to color images.

For demonstrating of this keyboard we will design two systems:

1. Wireless PS2 PC Interface to simulate PS2 Keyboard so whatever Virtual keyboarding is transmitting that will be converted to PS2 protocol and send to PC.

2. Wireless LCD based display system, output of virtual keyboard can be read by this system and output can be routed to LCD.

Block Diagram Part 1 (Virtual Keyboard)

Part 2 option A (Wireless PS2 PC Keyboard Interface)

Part 2 option B (Wireless Dumb/Display Terminal)

This virtual keyboard can be placed or projected on any flat surface, such as desktops, airplane tray tables, kitchen counters, etc. and can theoretically be interfaced with any computing device that requires text entry. This would eliminate the need to carry anything around and also prevent any chance of mechanical


damage to the keypad in harsh environments. And with few modifications in software even same device can be modified as pointing device and used in place of devices like mouse.

135. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND ROBOTICS

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : SMT. G. R. KIRANMAYI STUDENTS : MANASA VEENA N. SHRUTHI S. G. SHRUTHI SHREE SNEHA SRISHYLAM

Objectives

To design and develop the Robotic system for image processing.

To increase the efficiency of parcel delivery by using Robots.

Methodology

Industrial Automation using Image Processing and Robotics consists of:

The system Image acquisition unit

Personal Computer with Matlab 7.8

RF Transceivers

Automatic Transportation Robot

Block Diagram

Conveying System : The Industrial environment is simulated by designing a conveying system. It consists of a conveyor belt, driven by DC motors. A conveyor belt runs on this set up carrying the load. Control signals for the motor are generated using a

microcontroller AT89C51ED2 and motor driver. The parcel on the conveying system is transferred to the robot.

Image Acquisition and processing unit : The image acquisition is done by a web camera. The camera captures the image of the destination label after it receives the signal from the 8051 controller that the conveying system has stopped. The acquired image is in RGB format of size [320 X 240]. Once the PC receives this controlling signal it gives control signal to the image acquisition unit to capture the image of the destination label.

RF Transceivers : The destination code is transmitted to the transportation robot through RF transmission. RF module can work up to a distance of 100 meters with operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The parcel delivery is carried out by the automatic transportation robot.

Object sensor : The object sensor used is a basic Limit switch. The limit switch has three terminals, Vcc (3.3 V), Ground and Output.

Automatic Transportation Robot (ATR) : A GPS based robot is used to carry out the load delivery. The transportation robot consists of the following modules:

RF transceiver module

GPS receiver module

Micro controller

Motor driver circuitry

RF Transceiver : The destination code obtained at the RF transceiver module is sent to the microcontroller serially. Depending on this input, the robot takes up the navigation path to reach the destination. The RF transceiver has Carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz.

GPS Receiver Module : The Global Positioning System receiver model (GPS) is a space based global navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time information.

Controlling Unit : The controlling unit for robot is the Microcontroller PIC18F65J10. The PIC18F65J10 is the heart of the GPS based Robot. The signals from RF


Transceiver and GPS Receiver are the inputs to the microcontroller. Based on the inputs; control signals are given for the robot navigation.. It has two programmable UART ports which can be used for RF and GPS Receiver modules.

Motor Driver Circuitry : The speed and direction of robot is controlled by using a motor driver (L293D).The control signals are given by the microcontroller.

DC Motor : A two geared, 12 V DC motors are used. 100 rpm high torque centre shaft motors are used. It is used to drive the ATR.

Results

A Robot has been delivered to read the address on the parcel automatically

Image processing technique has efficiently used for human operators.

Applications of the project

Industrial Robot is an automatically controlled, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.

Used in military storerooms to transport explosives and other important equipments.

Used in high power and high temperature areas of an industry (like steel plants) where people are not allowed to enter.

It can be used to deliver heavy and hazardous materials.

Can be used in medium scale and large scale industries especially the Process industries.


136. GROUND COUPLED CLOSED CYCLE HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING SYSTEM

COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : MR. RAMESH B. N. STUDENTS : ABHISHEK H. B. AMRUTHRAJ. S. MANOJ M. K. Introduction

Ground coupled closed cycle heat exchanger cooling system for use in commercial, residential air cooling, greenhouses. As a first step, the case study indicated that the soil strata at 2m to 5m

depth had stable temperature regime suitable for installation of Ground coupled closed cycle heat exchanger cooling system. Temperature in this stratum displays no diurnal fluctuation. It does display annual fluctuation, but the amplitude is small. Average temperature in this stratum is 25oC. As a second step one return pass Ground coupled closed cycle heat exchanger cooling system was built to investigate the actual cooling performance. This Ground coupled closed cycle heat exchanger cooling system is made up of a combination 20m long CAL steel pipe, ceramic pipe of 0.1m nominal diameter. It is buried 5m deep below surface. We report here the results of investigation carried out on this facility.

Steps involved for design

Excavation of selected land to desired and optimum dimensions.

Fitting and installation of cooling tubes with thermal sensors for temperature measurement under the surface

Construction of testing chamber

Installation of centrifugal blower with dimmer stat

Leveling and closing of excavated land

The testing also conducted at various parameters

Summary and Conclusions

A Ground coupled closed cycle heat exchanger cooling system was installed to study its performance in cooling mode. system is made of 50 m long ms pipe of 10 cm nominal diameter and 3 mm wall thickness. System is buried 3 m deep below surface. A 732 w blower pumps ambient air through it. Air velocity in the pipe is 11 m/s. system was able to reduce the temperature of hot ambient air by as much as 11oC in 2011. The basic soil temperature in 2011 was 25oC. The coefficient of performance (COP) in cooling mode averaged to 3.1. Cooling tests were of 5 hour continuous duration during the day also sustainability tests were carried out to check heat transfer sustainability. Based on the results it can be stated that system holds considerable promise as a means to cool or heat ambient air for a variety of applications such as the residential cooling, commercial cooling, livestock buildings and greenhouses.

Advantages

Power consumption is considerably lesser than conventional a/c systems.

Central cooling capabilities

Since lesser moving parts maintenance and operation cost is less

Initial investments are less.



Cooling Tube Diameter -The diameter of the cooling tubes can be varied until optimum heat transfer as well as air velocities are obtained.

Cooling Tube Material- The material of the cooling tubes can also be varied which could incorporate anti microbial coatings and also costlier metal casings which could theoretically increase heat transfer.

Blower Capacity-The blower capacity can be varied according to our need and depending upon space as well as cooling requirements.

137. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOT ARM FOR TUBE WELL DISASTER RESCUE SYSTEM

COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : DR. S. N. KURBET AND PROF. V. V. KUPPAST STUDENTS : NEELAPPA V. BINGI PRAVEENKUMAR M. KATHARI NOORMOHAMMED M. MARTUR

Introduction

For the irrigation of lands, people in the rural areas will go for tube wells. These wells are drilled in the fields and irrigation is done using submersible pumps. If these wells are failed to get water, then the casings will be removed and these drilled wells are left un-filled. This creates a dangerous situation for the people especially for the playing children in the fields. They may fall into these deep wells unknowingly and then rescue of the child becomes a complicated issue. The recent happenings of such events have been reported and the success rate of rescue of the children is very less and the operation time went up to 3 to 4 days. The present work is an attempt to develop a robot arm which can effectively be used in handling such situations with a success rate of 100%.

Objectives

To develop rescue device for deep tube wells (which are dry and unfilled)

To design a robot arm for this rescue operation

To establish a computer interface for audio-visual operations for remote monitoring operation

To reduce the time and cost of the operation since rescue operation needs quick and precise execution.

To make the device user friendly as in emergency any untrained person can operate the device.

Methodology

The main purpose of this device is to rescue the child safely within short time. The central cylinder contains electric actuators, camera with inbuilt speaker, bulb and oxygen pipe.

The electrical actuator is connected to power supply, camera and speaker is interfaced with the computer and oxygen pipe is also connected to this device from outer oxygen cylinder.

In central cylinder the robot arms are connected to the electric drive with links and joints. This drive converts rotary motion into translatory motion; when the shaft rotates in the clockwise direction, in all the arms contraction takes place.

This motion can be controlled by toggle switch. All end of arms grippers are made up of pads with spongy material. It provides safety and comfort to the child.

This central cylinder assembly is inserted inside the bore well with the help of rope through pulley. When it reaches the victim in the deep well, the exact position of child can be viewed on screen with the help of a camera with an enough illumination.

Necessary oxygen is supplied from the oxygen cylinder.

After positioning over the victim, the arms of the robot are operated to hold the victim safely. And the victim is taken out from the deep well by lifting the central cylinder assembly. This whole operation can be carried out within few times.

Advantages

It requires very few people for operation.

Low cost robot arm can be used for this rescue system.

It is short time operation.

It provides both audio and video communication between operator and fall down child.

It also provides oxygen and light to the child.

Detection of the exact position of the fallen down child with the help of camera.

With the help of sponge gripper can safely catch the child.

This whole rescue operation of robot arm can be seen in screen and it can carry out child without any harm.


Future scope of the work

To make use of microcontroller and motion sensing cameras for better operation of the device.

138. A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF DOUBLE CONVEX LENS PARAMETERS ON SOLAR ENERGY HEATING

COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : PROF. V.V. KUPPAST STUDENTS : NAVEEN R. SHIRUR ABHISHEK V. CHINTAMANI JAMAL M. PATHAN

Introduction

It is very well known concept that when sun rays are converged through a convex lens, enormous heat is generated at focal point which can be trapped for useful applications. The present work is based on this concept.

Objectives

Design and development of the device which incorporates the effect of variation of the focal length of a lens on solar heat intensity

Measurement of temperature at a focal point with and without lens as intervening medium.

Proposal of a device for solar optical heating so as to make optimal utilization of sun’s radiations from morning till evening.

Proposal of a optical solar steam generator.

Methodology

Component Name

Dimensions Material Function

Base 1000mm (length)

750mm (width)

12mm (thick)

Plywood Horizontal support and provides sliding option for walls

Side walls 300mm(height)

200mm(width)

12mm(thick)

Plywood To support lens holder and to provide motion of lens in vertical direction

Wooden extension support

320mm(height)

50mm(width)

12mm(thick)

Plywood To provide angular movement for lens

Lens holders

According to lens dimensions

plywood Holding lens

RTD - Platinum Temperature measurement

Lens 35mm dia Glass Converging sun rays



Lens 250mm dia Acrylic Converging sun rays

Measurement of Inclination

As focal length is known for a particular lens, it is adjusted so that there will be exact circular focal point is obtained and perpendicular, horizontal distances are measured and hence angle is measured which is verified with theoretical values.

Measurement of temperature

For the measurement of temperature at focal point pt-100 sensor is used.

Exact focal point is obtained and sensor is kept at this point which is connected to temperature indicator. As temperature increases, resistance of sensor changes and which in turn value will be manipulated and will be displayed on indicator screen.

Results

From the set of experiments conducted it was observed that Fresnel lens yields maximum temperature and for the selected lens different readings of focal length and temperature are noted. Results and analysis of these graphs help in designing and deciding the parameters of dome which is proposed, as focal length of lens becomes radius for dome.

Conclusion

Varying focal length with temperature is recorded and it is found that Fresnel lens is chosen.

Required temperature for generation of steam can be achieved by optical heating. Temperature of 5000 to 6000 C can be easily reached by solar heating.


Dome shaped device can be designed and developed for large scale to generate electricity.

Optimum utilization of solar energy is achieved at lower cost.

Scope for the future work

It can be developed for number of lenses.

Use of different shaped Fresnel lens may change results.

The dome can be designed and fabricated with central copper pipe for complete study.

Different designs can be proposed based on parameters collected.

139. BATTERY DRIVEN HAND CART COLLEGE : CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANTWAL, DAKSHINA KANNADA GUIDE : MR. NIRANJAN RAI STUDENTS : RAKSHITH KUMAR B. ROYSON DONATE DSOUZA SAMARTH KODIAL Introduction

To develop a battery powered motorized hand cart for transporting and unloading in agricultural sector. The hand cart has a load carrying capacity up to 2500N. The hand cart being designed for agricultural purposes has a hydraulic system to unload the load. The cart finds its vast applications for agricultural sectors. The hand cart runs with energy stored in the batteries and is eco friendly with zero emission. It can travel a distance of nearly 30kms with one complete charge of 3 hours.

Methodology

The battery driven cart is a six wheeled, two in the front, one is the hub motor, one for steering. The steering is done by using handle bars. The other two are for balancing.

Motor used- PMAC hub motor

Voltage ratings of the motor- 48V,20Ah

Power – 6.25KW@7500rpm

maximum torque – 8.4Nm

Mileage – 30kmpc

Time for full battery charge using electricity -3hrs

Batteries used-4 Nos each of 12V, 20 Ah

This cart is equipped with controller circuit to regulate the speed. It can handle the load up to 250kgs. The handle bar is connected to the rear wheels using collar bearing. The entire load

carrying casing is equipped with the hydraulic system for the easy tilting of the load.

Working principle

The ultimate goal of this Project is being to develop a hand cart which carries the load using the source from the battery. As per the customers requirement the average load is taken to be 250 kgs and the cart should be moving at a walkable speed. Keeping all these factors and requirements and an attempt was made to stick on to the requirements. A powerful DC motor of rating 0.6HP is used to drive the cart. The motor is mounted directly on to the rim so as to prevent transmission loss.

A set of 4 sealed lead acid batteries provide a source of electrical power for the driving of the motor. The power controller regulates the flow of energy between the battery and the electric motor, controlled by using an electronic throttle. Power conductors connect the battery, controller, and motor. Accessory equipment such as lights, horn is connected to the battery through Control circuitry. A charger is used to restore energy to the batteries (which is mounted within the vehicle at a special charging station at a fixed location.

Block diagram of working principle

Working model


Conclusion

Its a battery driven hand cart and can travel a distance of 30 kms with a full charge of 3 hours

Easy unloading of the load due to the hydraulic system.

A single person is required for handling of the equipment and transporting the materials hence reducing the labor costs.

The equipment is emission free and hence no harmful pollutants.

Has wide agricultural application in transportation of goods.

140. SIX LEGGED WALKING ROBOT FOR DISABLED PEOPLE

COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. BHASKAR PAL STUDENTS : VIKRAM SINGH YATIN WADHWA SIDDIQUI REHMATULLAH MOHD SUJITHKUMAR APPASAHEB NAIK

Introduction

Robots are programmable physical machines that have sensors and actuators, and are given goals for what they should achieve. A hexapod robot is a mechanical vehicle that walks on six legs. Since a robot can be statically stable on three or more legs, a hexapod robot has a great deal of flexibility in how it can move. If legs become disabled, the robot may still be able to walk. Furthermore, not all of the robot's legs are needed for stability; other legs are free to reach new foot placements or manipulate a payload.

The project specification was to create an autonomous, 6 legged walking robot, which will try to help Physically Disabled People.

Many hexapod robots are biologically inspired by Hexapod locomotions. Hexapods may be used to test biological theories about insect locomotion, motor control, and neurobiology.

Methods:

Lower base frame has been created with aluminium frame

Support has been provided by links to the base frame to make it rigid.

Arduino board and BO motor driving board have been placed on the support of the base frame. Bo Motors have place on the base frame

A small link has been attached with the motor shaft directly. The other part of the linked has been attached with the middle leg of the robot, which will give the rotary motion to the middle leg.

Six legs are connected with base frame. In that the four end legs are directly connected with frame. Two middle legs are connected with the other end of small like link protruded from it.

Six other links have been attached with six legged which will give the translatory motion to the robot from the rotary movement of the middle link.

The Snap Shot of Six Legged Walking Robot

Synthesization of Links:

Line diagram of Initial position


Line diagram of 2nd position, the small link attached with middle leg has been rotated 900 in clockwise direction. The synthesization of the links movement have been shown in the diagram

Link diagram of the 3rd position, the small link attached with middle leg has been further rotated 900 in clockwise direction. The synthesization of the links movement have been shown in the diagram

Link diagram of the 4th position, the small link attached with middle leg has been further rotated 900 in clockwise direction. The synthesization of the links movement have been shown in the diagram.

Finally the following diagram shown each and every position of the link while it is propagating in the forward direction.

The fact that the group done all of the boards “plug and play” means that upgrading the robots behaviour and hardware will be quick and easy. It can now be used as a test bed for further research into instinctive behaviour. For example one more small modification to the existing circuit can easily be added to make the robot sense objects and reverse away.


Required proximity sensors which have to be fixed in the front legs

Requires an additional two legs in the back with counter weight.

141. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF TOMATO SEED EXTRACTOR

COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : MR. SURESH BABU S. U. STUDENTS : PRAMOD M. N. SANKETH V. VISHVESHWARA S. N. YATHISH K. O.

Introduction

Tomato seed extractor fabrication model is very much useful for the farmers who harvest the tomato seed plants in small scale . The main objective of this project is to change the manual method of seed

extraction to semi automation method. To minimize the human intervention, where there is scarcity of labour and also the extraction cost.

Our model is specially designed for farmers with economical budget, so that they can separate the seeds by themselves after harvesting their crops. Only one kind of tomato breed is taken which, avoids mixing of seeds of different breeds. It can also extract different seeds breed as it can be washed easily after each process. Time factor is an important aspect to carry out each and every process strategically.

Objective

Eco friendly concept no power source is required.

Minimum numbers of labours are enough.

It requires very less floor space.

It can be effectively used by small scale farmers.

It is a clean and easy process.

It leads to good returns for the farmers.

It is a means of physical exercise for the users.

It is a modular type and can be install where ever necessary.

Methodology

Scope of Research

This process can be further mechanized to high precision by introducing power drive the productivity can be increased. Weight of the machine can be reduced by using composites.

142. CONVERSION OF ECO-UNFRIENDLY PLASTICS INTO FUEL

COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : MR.BASAVARAJAPPA D.N. STUDENTS : MANISH B.LALSANGI SANTHOSH SHETTI DILIP KUMAR R. SACHIN H.M.


Introduction

Literature survey reveals that enough progress has been made in the concept of alternative fuels. The group used the waste plastics as substitute for fuel remains largely unexplored. In the present research, liquid fuel from waste plastics is used for investigation.

Objectives

To extract fuel from waste plastics.

To extract various proportion of fuels by fractional distillation method.

To determine the physical properties like

Density

Specific gravity

Flash point

Fire point

Kinematic viscosity

Absolute viscosity

Calorific value

To determine the chemical properties like

IR Test

HNMR

Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. Plastic is continuously heated in a cylindrical chamber and the pyrolytic gases are condensed in a specially-designed condenser system. This yields a hydrocarbon distillate comprising straight and branched chain aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The resulting mixture is essentially the equivalent to petroleum distillate. The plastic is pyrolised and the pyrolysis gases are condensed in a condenser to give liquid fuel. The process carried out is the same in this case also but catalysts are not used. Instead the temperature parameters are varied. In this project converted waste plastics into fuels without the use of catalyst.

Conclusion

This problem can be solved by converting plastics into fuel. These liquid products have compositions overlapping those of major existing hydrocarbon fuels such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

Use of these products directly as a fuel or for reprocessing in a refinery therefore appears possible.

Further investigation is needed in this regard.

143. PORTABLE GROUNDNUT STRIPPER COLLEGE : GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN GUIDE : MR. NAGARAJA STUDENTS : BHANUPRAKASH H. S. HARISH D. S. KARTHIK G. C. SAHEBAGOUD SANGANAGOUDAR

Introduction

In earlier days farmers were facing so many problems to separate the groundnuts from the groundnut plant. Because they were separating the pods from the groundnut plant by manually. So they were facing labourers problem as well as more time consumption problem.

This project aims at design and fabrication of Portable Groundnut Stripper, which separate the groundnuts from the groundnut plant with lesser cost.

Objectives

To design a machine to produce groundnut mechanically

To reduce the manual work of farmers

2D drawing of portable groundnut stripper:

Construction and working

The machine has one slider, stepper metal blade, AC motor, one metal plate with holes and one metal plate without holes, supporting stand for motor, wheels for easy movement of the machine.

The motor is placed on the motor stand and the power is transmitted to the blade shaft with the help of pulleys


and v-belt. The shaft is rigidly fixed with the help of bearings. The rectangular stepper blades are welded to the shaft. The slider is placed on the top in front of the rotating blades. The metal plate with and without holes are inclined to certain angle and welded. The wheels are attached to the body of the machine at the bottom. The electrical wiring is made for proper flow of electricity to the motor.

The groundnut plant will feed to the blades with the help of slider by manually. Then the rotating blades will separates the groundnuts from the plant by cutting their smooth roots. Later the groundnuts will drop on the inclined metal plate which has several holes, then all the wastage will go out through the holes and only good quality groundnuts will come out.

Assembled portable groundnut stripper

Right side view

Results

The Portable Groundnut Stripper will strip 40-50 kg of groundnuts per hour

The machine can be operated by only one.

It will produce good quality groundnut pods.

The motor has a capacity of running continuously up to 3 hours.

Suggestions for future improvement

A blower can be attached to remove the leaves which are collected on the holed metal plate.

For perfect filtering a vibrator can be attached.

Feed rate can be increased by increasing the length of the blades.

114444.. ZERO EMISSION MACHINE - ZEM COLLEGE : HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM GUIDE : SRI. D. N. INAMDAR STUDENTS : AJAY MURGOD AKASH KORADE ANKIT DESHPANDE KISHOR JOSHI

Introduction

This study highlights the unique features of such an Human-Electric Hybrid Vehicle which is called as “AArrccttiicc –– AA ZZeerroo EEmmiissssiioonn CCrruuiizzeerr, the name resembles the famous bird’s name called Arctic Tern, which is known for its longest flights without flapping its wings i.e. max output from minimum input” Arctic will utilize the Human Pedal power to provide initial torque and also to climb up-hills and also as and when required. An Electric Hub Motor integrated with the Electro-Mechanical controlling system will propel it at an approximate speed of to over 40-50 kmph. Throttling of the Arctic will be done by an Electric controller for hub motor and pedal powered 6-speed gear assembly with rear wheel differential for sharp cornering and minimum turning radius. Rubber cakes & steel cable wired braking system will be employed for braking of the ARCTIC, Weighing around 50-60 kg approximately the Arctic will have a ground clearance enough to travel around the bumpy roads and provide best ground clearance on any terrains.

It will be able to carry a person of average weight (80 kgs) on its compact two seater design. The ARCTIC is initially run on Human Power, which is the primary source and during this the alternators which are coupled with the output shafts of rear wheels will be continuously charging the auxiliary batteries of the ARCTIC. Later, when the vehicle reaches a speed of around 15-20 kmph or more, the vehicle can be switched over to the Electric Power, which can drive the ARCTIC easily to higher speeds which is already in motion, without much load on motors.

Materials

Pedal powered differential mechanism (our own design)

Electric system consisting of dry Lead-Acid batteries & Electric motors.

Controlling system (both mechanical and electrical).

Chassis (including complete body & suspensions).

Wheel & gear assembly.

Steering System (our own design).

Other peripherals like Head and tail lights, turn indicators, battery monitoring system, Speedometer, Odometer etc.


Objectives

To design & build a strong compact vehicle to cruise through the busy streets of urban area in more efficient manner & make it affordable to a common man & enjoy the driving.

To cut off all harmful emissions & bring it to low levels to reduce Global Warming.

To travel maximum distances on a single charge by controlling the Electro-mechanical driving systems with an proper controlling system.

Scope

The Green hybrid vehicles have a wide scope in the upcoming future. The main reasons of it are its capability of conserving the energy by regenerative breaking and shock absorbing technologies which actually makes city driving more economical. Efficiency is greatly increased (almost nearer to twice). And, obviously Emissions are zero, since no combustion of fossil fuels and dependency on fossils fuels can be erased.

Applications

Arctic can be used for door to door deliveries by Post Man, News Paper vendors, Salesman, Fast Food services, Courier services etc who have to stop & travel frequently and other purpose.

Can be used on construction sites for surveying purpose.

145. FOOT OPERATED SUGARCANE SEED SCOOPING MACHINE

COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA GUIDE : DR. D. S. RAMAKRISHNA STUDENTS : RAMESH SHETTY K RAJESH KUMBARA S. K. RAVITEJA S.

Objective

To develop foot operated sugarcane seed Scooping Machine

To reduce the electricity consumptions for sugarcane juice extraction

To design a machine that can cut and extract the nodal region containing seed

Methodology

A pedal operated hammer was used to find out the force required to scoop the seeds. The cane is placed under the hammer and cutting blades are

attached to the hammer. The hammer is designed in such a way so that the weight of the hammer can be altered. The weights are altered and the optimum weight to cut one and two sugarcanes at a time is noted down. Using the above results the Scooping Machine is designed. The mechanism is designed to amplify the force to 200kgs.with is sufficient to scoop the seeds of the sugarcane. The person applies the force on the pedal rod. This makes the weight to fall with a large angular velocity.

Results

Time taken to place the sugar cane on the table: 15 seconds

Time taken to adjust the sugarcane node: 10 seconds / 15 seconds (1 sugarcanes / 2 sugarcanes)

Time taken for each cut: 3 seconds

Assuming a minimum of 10 nodes per sugarcane,

Sugarcanes having more than 10 nodes the time is saved between two placements of the cane.

Future Scope

The cane placement can also be automated using conveyer belts.

Further analysis on better mechanism can be designed to simplify the working and to reduce the weight of the machine can be carried on.

146. DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL PURPOSE LOW VELOCITY IMPACT TEST RIG

COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA GUIDE : MR. AMITH KUMAR S. J. STUDENTS : AJEY C. P. ASHIK S. AJIT BHAT B. DEVADATTA S.


Introduction

Impact testing intends to test the objects ability to resist high rate loading. An impact test is a test for determining the energy absorbed in fracturing a test piece at high velocity. Impact tests are frequently used in studying dynamic behavior of materials as well as structures.

Dynamic loadings pertaining to impact type events, represent a serious design concern for use of materials because material structures are more susceptible to impact damage than similar metallic structures that are ductile in nature and can absorb large amounts of energy without failure. Also, the damage in materials from impact can go undetected, even when the mechanical properties may be drastically reduced from the impact. There are numerous experimental and analytical studies have been conducted to study the dynamic response of materials subjected to transient dynamic loading. Impacts are characterized as low, high or hyper velocity.

Objective

To design and develop a simple and low cost velocity impact rig.

To record the effect of impact force on composite coupons subjected to air and water.

I Phase: Design and Fabrication of Low Velocity Impact Test Rig

The dual purpose low velocity impact test rigs designed with the suitable specification & load requirement. It has a rectangular mild steel base, 4 L-angular columns and angular plates to support the frame. An impact rod weighing 14.4kg (including load cell and circular disc) of length 1.524m is made to slide in a sleeve. A simple lever mechanism is made to adjust the impact rod for different height.

II Phase: Experimental Setup : The apparatus is placed in a strong flat surface. The specimen is placed between the angular plates with C-clamps.. A load cell is mounted between two circular discs .The impact rod is set for various heights to get different impact force. Load cell is connected to the data acquisition system through dynamic strain indicator. Results are recorded graphically in the computer using Lab VIEW software.

III Phase: Testing : The specimen is tested under different height conditions and for a constant weight of 14.4kg attaining varying potential energy and kinetic energy. The corresponding force vs. time graphs is obtained. The test is carried out for a two composite specimen of dimension 0.3 m × 0.15 m × 0.01 m with both end fixed.

Figure: Solid edge model of dual purpose low velocity impact test rig.

The impact event at the centre of specimen was recorded by the NI instrument’s USB 6229 Data Acquisition system and LabVIEW software. Several trails were made to attain the repeatability of desired results. The impact time was set to 5 seconds and 100 samples at the rate of 20 samples per second was acquired and recorded.

Figure: Circuit for force measurement


The plywood and particle board specimens are used for testing. The specimen is tested for different heights (keeping weight of the impact rod 14.4kg as constant) in both the environmental conditions and the corresponding force plots are recorded using the USB-6229 DAQ. The peak amplitude represents the dynamic force generated during the impact on material at that instance.

The test rig is designed general purpose and can be used to test the wide class of materials under different environmental conditions with suitable modifications.


The developed test rig is easy to operate and can be used to characterize the material in both the environmental conditions.


The field of LabVIEW software is very challenging and can be used effectively to study the different behavior with impact force applied on material in this test rig.

The test rig can be directly used to know the impact force acting on the material irrespective of its property and strength.

Rosette strain gage can be mounted to study the strains induced in the material at a point of interest.

147. DESIGN AND DEVELPOMENT OF SUN BIKE

COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA GUIDE : DR. L. K. SREEPATHI STUDENTS : S. PAVAN KUMAR RAMESH S. RAJESH S. RAVINDRA A. R.

Introduction

Use of fossil fuels for transportation has led to global warming as well as environment pollution hence it is necessary to use eco-friendly transportation modes as far as possible. Bi-cycles are such wonderful options for short distance travels. To develop low cost solar energy assisted Bi-cycles.

Methodology

Design of motor - It is been observed that by considering all the external force and the resistances acting over the body, a 60 Watt motor is sufficient. However if the terrain is uneven some amount of energy is achieved by the physical effort (peddling). Both the option of power from the motor and through the peddling can be utilized to have an efficient output and a comfortable ride.

Design of battery - In order to run a motor of 60W for one hour 60WH of energy is required and if three day backup is considered, then 60*3=180WH of energy is required. The energy drawn by the motor is at 8V so 180WH/8V=22.5AH. Considering some losses involved 24 AH battery is chosen. Design of solar panel- Assuming that the bi-cycle is used for a period of 1hr/day with full load on the motor, the energy required per day is 60W*1 hr=60W hr. Considering 3hr/day bright sunshine a 20W photovoltaic panel supplies 20*3=60W hr. As the motor is designed for 24V power supply, two

10W solar panels are connected in series in order to achieve desired energy as well as voltage.

Assembled view


The testing has been done on the sun-bike during full load condition to check the performance of the motor, battery and solar panel.

Sun –bike is charged for five hours in a sunshine day, and it is observed that in a full load condition the motor could run for one hour twenty minutes. However if the terrain is uneven manual peddling is also needed to drive the sun-bike. In order to overcome all kind of resisting forces without any manual peddling the specification of the components can be chosen higher, which in turn increases the cost. In order to minimize the cost as far as possible lower capacity battery and panel have been selected. It is concluded that, Sun-bike is very comfortable and easy to ride.

148. SUNFLOWER SEED AND OIL EXTRACTOR

COLLEGE : MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. B. J. PATIL STUDENTS : ASLAM A. SANADI NILESH S. JADHAV RISHI M. GHODKE SAGAR V. BOGAR

Introduction

All over India different types of crops are grown. The sunflower is one of them which is worldwide crop. The seeds of sunflower are the main output of sunflower Farming. Morphologically seeds of the sunflower are not strongly bounded to one another and flower base. There are mainly two types of sunflowers one with very large black & white stripped seeds known as “confectionary sun flowers” usually cultivated for edible oils and Bread. The other one which is having fully black seeds known as “oil seeds sunflower” it is very much known for its production of oil. The seeds of sunflowers have the importance & taste & are also being known for its richness of proteins. Seed of the oilseed varieties contain from 38 to 50% oil & about


20% protein. Non oilseed sunflower also has been referred to as confectionary flower or large-seeded varieties. Non oilseed sunflower generally has stripped seed & a relatively thick hull which removes loosely attached to the kernel, permitting more complete dehulling. Seed of the non oilseed hybrids generally are larger than those of the oilseed types & have a lower oil percentage & test weight.

Objectives

To design & fabricate the seed removal mechanism to extract the oil from dry seed. Huge weighted Bulky construction is reduced to the cost effective and innovative alterations which gives sufficient output. It is necessary to find such a way that helps us to make minimum utilization of work power and power also and simultaneously saves time.

Methodology

The machine essentially consists of revolving cutter with threshing blades attached to the periphery of the thresher and this thresher is mounted on the shaft, which is supported in a bearing carrying a pulley. Hence the thresher is rotated by the means of a belt drive passing over the motor pulley. The 3 phase motor A.C 0.5 Hp power is mounted over a platform. The blower is mounted on the shaft whose function is to separate the husk and other waste from the seeds and by thus extracting the oil from seeds. The fan arrangement also runs by 0.5Hp motor through belt and pulley arrangement. As the motor starts to rotate, the motor transmits its rotary motion to thresher shaft with the help of pulleys and V-Belt, The thresher is mounted on a shaft which also starts rotating. The rotational speed is increased from motor to thresher shaft by using different pulley arrangements. Finally the machine is ready for separating the seeds with oil extraction. The operator holds the sunflowers which are to threshed against the rotating thresher. As the thresher has provided threshing blades the sunflower gets ginned out between blades & casing then the separated grains fall down. Now these separated grains glides over sheet tray which is then collected and transfers to oil extractor arrangement for removal of oil. Here in this we can allow the separated seeds to collect and feed in the bag or simultaneously through one process we can collect the seeds in a tray and can be fed into oil extractor cup for removal of oil. Finally the husk and other wastes are blowed out by a centrifugal fan.

Designing Methodology

Design of main shaft ,driving shaft and drive shaft

Velocity ratio between the driving shaft and the driven shaft

Calculation from vertical load diagram

To check the bending stress induced in the shaft

Design of thresher (cutter)

Calculation of shear stress due to twisting load


Able to extract seeds and Oil from Sunflower safely. As this machine uses only 0.5hp motor, the power can be saved and also the noise produced is very less since it uses motor instead of petrol/diesel engine.

Capacity of the device -- Will be capable of producing 30kg/hr using a 0.5hp motor

Power utilization - 1492 watts, 1440 rpm, 3phase, Frequency 50 Hz.


This “Sunflower Seed and Oil Extractor” can extract the seeds from sunflowers safely and simultaneously oil can be extracted. As this machine uses Only 0.5 Hp motor. The power can be saved & also noise produced


by the machine is very less since it uses motor instead of diesel engine.


This machine is extracting the seeds and oil from the dried Flowers. Suppose if it is having moisture content, extraction is not possible at certain extent. To overcome this problem it can be avoided by using drier attachment which dries the sunflowers completely for the further process and also by changing the blades different types of seeds can be extracted.

149. DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF DIESEL HYBRID ENGINE

COLLEGE : NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. KIRAN AITHAL S. STUDENTS : PRAMOD SHENOY G. JHASHANK NITIN NEIL CRASTA DARSHAN K. K. SURAJ SURENDRAN GANESH HEBBAR

Introduction

With a vehicle population of over 70 million, city and metropolitan roads in India are often congested during peak hours, resulting in slow moving traffic. This amplifies the disadvantage of an internal combustion (IC) engine: fuel wastage at slow speeds, resulting in world-wide crises like global warming. This stresses the need for more fuel efficient automobiles that reduce unnecessary fuel wastage.

An alternative to internal combustion engines are electric vehicles that run on electricity stored in a battery cell. An electric vehicle is best suited for slow moving traffic; however the maximum range of an electric vehicle is limited to 50-70 kilometres, as compared to 500-600 kilometers for a full tank of fuel. This discourages the common folk to invest on them, inclining the trend towards regular automobiles.

Objective

To design and develop IC electric hybrid vehicle for the reduction of carbon emission

To minimize the fuel waste

To reduce the running cost of vehicles

Methodology

Diesel engines emit lesser carbon dioxide as compared to petrol engines. Moreover, compared to petrol engines, it has very good low end torque characteristics, i.e. high twisting force at low

running speeds. Recent technological advancements have also made diesel engines just as efficient as petrol engines of today.

This hybrid incorporates a diesel engine coupled to an electric generator that continuously charges a battery. An electric motor provides the driving force necessary to move the vehicle. This motor draws power from the charged battery. Consequently, when the vehicle is stationary, the running engine charges the battery, this increases the efficiency of the whole system.

Alternatively, when an electric power supply is available the battery can directly be charged, making the diesel-generator a standby/secondary source of power.


The tests yielded the following figures:

Running cost on batteries charged on Electricity only : Rs.0.3/km

Running cost on batteries charged on Diesel only : Rs.2.83/km

Total range on full charge : 60km


Dynamic braking technique can be used as generators harnessing power lost during braking.

150. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DUAL FUEL SIX STROKE DIESEL ENGINES

COLLEGE : NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. BALARAMAN E. STUDENTS : RAGHU B. M. RAVIKUMAR P. SUDHANVA KADKOL

Introduction

There are various types of 6 stroke engines are available in the market. For this study, the team has selected the four stroke diesel engine. Four stroke Diesel engine has the same mechanical efficiency of the six stroke engine but the BSFC and ISFC of 6-stroke diesel engine is better than that of a 4-stroke i.e. it consumes less fuel compared to that of a 4-stroke engine (nearly 40% less fuel). The speed of the engine is not changed on full load condition.

Objectives

To reduce fuel consumption

To reduce pollution

Methodology:

The cycle of this engine consists of six strokes:


Intake stroke

First compression stroke

First combustion stroke

Second compression stroke

Second combustion stroke

Exhaust stroke

Concept of a Six-stroke diesel engine

Intake or Suction stroke

To start with the piston is at or very near to the T.D.C., the inlet valve is open and the exhaust valve is closed. A rotation is given to the crank by the energy from a flywheel or by a starter motor when the engine is just being started. As the piston moves from top to bottom dead centre the rarefaction is formed inside the cylinder i.e. the pressure in the cylinder is reduced to a value below atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference causes the fresh air to rush in and fill the space vacated by the piston. The admission of air continues until the inlet valve closes at B.D.C.

First Compression stroke

Both the valves are closed and the piston moves from bottom to top dead centre. The air is compressed up to compression ratio that depends upon type of engine. For diesel engines the compression ratio is 12-18 and pressure and temperature towards the end of compression are 35-40 kgf/cm2 and 600-700 0C

First combustion stroke: This stroke includes combustion of first fuel (most probably diesel) and expansion of product of combustion. The combustion of the charge commences when the piston approaches T.D.C.

Here the fuel in the form of fine spray is injected in the combustion space. The atomization of the fuel is accomplished by air supplied. The air entering the cylinder with fuel is so regulated that the pressure theoretically remains constant during burning process.

Second compression stroke : Both the valves are closed and the piston moves from bottom to top dead centre. The combustion products from the first compression stroke are recompressed and utilized in the second combustion process before the exhaust stroke. In typical diesel engine combustion the combustion products still contains some oxygen.

Second combustion stroke : This stroke includes combustion of second fuel having low cetane (Cetane number of fuel is defined as percent volume of cetane (C16H34) in a mixture of cetane and alpha-methyl-naphthalene that produces the same delay period or ignition lag as the fuel being tested under same operating conditions on same engine). The combustion of the charge commences when the piston approaches to TDC.

The second fuel injected into recompressed burnt gas can be burnt in the second combustion process. In other words combustion process of the second fuel takes place in an internal full EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) of the first combustion. This second combustion process was the special feature of the proposed Six Stroke DI Diesel Engine.

Exhaust stroke : The exhaust valve begins to open when the power stroke is about to complete. A pressure of 4-5 kgf/cm2 at this instant forces about 60% of burnt gases into the exhaust manifold at high speed. Much of the noise associated with automobile engine is due to high exhaust velocity. The remainder of burnt gases is cleared of the swept volume when the piston moves from TDC to BDC. During this stroke pressure inside the cylinder is slightly above the atmospheric value. Some of the burnt gases are however left in the clearance space. The exhaust valve closes shortly after TDC.

This six-stroke diesel engine is made from a conventional four-stroke diesel engine with some modification. A sub-shaft is added to the engine, in order to drive a camshaft and injection pumps. The rotation speed of the sub-shaft is reduced to 1/3 of the rotation of an output shaft. To obtain similar valve timings between a four-stroke and a six-stroke diesel engine, the cam profile of the six-stroke diesel engine is modified. In order to separate the fuels, to control each of the injection timings and to control each injection flow rate in the first and the second combustion processes, the six-stroke diesel engine is equipped with two injection pumps and two injection nozzles.


Pollution is reduced.

Multi-fueling.

Burning of un-burnt charges.

Soot is eliminated.


Applications of the project

Used in vehicles

Used in drive gensets

Used for agricultural purposes.

Used for other industrial purposes.

151. KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR TWO WHEELERS

COLLEGE : NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR. BALARAMAN E. STUDENTS : APPANNA N. K. NIREN P. K. NISHANTH N. BHAT PAWAN S.

Introduction

A regenerative brake is a mechanism that reduces vehicle speed by converting kinetic energy into another useful form of energy - electric current, compressed air. This captured energy is then stored for future use or fed back into a power system for use by vehicles. For example, electrical regenerative brakes in electric railway vehicles feed the generated electricity back into the supply system. In battery electric and hybrid electric vehicles, the energy is stored in a battery or bank of twin layer capacitors for later use. Other forms of energy storage which may be used include compressed air and flywheels. Regenerative braking utilizes the fact that an electric motor can also act as a generator The vehicle's electric traction motor is operated as a generator during braking and its output is supplied to an electrical load .It is the transfer of energy to the load which provides the braking effect.

Objectives

To harness efficiently the kinetic energy during vehicle deceleration and to economically and effectively store the energy recovered and used to assist acceleration of the vehicle.

Methodology

The motor is mounted using an extended engine shaft and a pulley arrangement. The belt drive will transmit the torque from the motor to and fro. The synchromesh is used to mesh/unmeshed the motor and this assembly is placed at the engine bay. It involves clutching and gear train mechanism, hence mechanical efficiency is improved. Fabrication and assembly of the system is simplified and repairable.

Case 1(normal riding conditions):- the belt is slack on the motor shaft hence the motor is disengaged from the engine drive. Upon application of the rear brake the synchronizer engages and Equalizes the torque between the rear drive and the motor shaft that the rear wheel begins to drive the motor shaft

which in turn behaves as a generator. Since work is being done by the rear drive to rotate the shaft of the motor the load of the motor causes the bike to brake. This work done is stored in the form of electrical energy in batteries.

When the rider requires additional power the motor is activated. The motor derives the power from the batteries and begins to rotate. The synchronizer is made to engage which in turn drives the rear sprocket. This provides the required boost to the rear drive.


The KERS unit was tested for its efficiency by maintaining the constant engine rpm (5000 rpm optimum) and varying the speed of the vehicle by changing the Gear.

Test results during deceleration

Future Scope

Use of alternate method of charging batteries (eliminating magneto).

Use of KERS in electric bike.

Aiding of turbo-charger in a race bike.

152. BREAD PACKING MACHINE COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : SRI NARASIMHA MARAKALA STUDENTS : U. PRATHEEK MALLY SUKESH SHETTY UJWAL REGAN D’SOUZA


Objective

The objective is to make automatic bread packing machine in the most economical way.

In order to execute the project it intend to use pneumatic blower, vacuum generator, two systems of conveyor belts.

Features

The Machine has a speed of 70 packets/min (According to the size of product).

Electronic digital temperature controllers are used to maintain close accuracy in temperature suitable for different packing materials.

Electric photocell unit is available with scanning head registration.

Provided with automatic in feed conveyor.

Sealing roller, sealing jaws, sprocket and knife tempered.

Electric Motor 1.5 H.P., 3 phase D.C. /A.C.

Transformer 110 volts, total load 1.75 KW.

Coding and embossing station.

Methodology

The frame: The frame supports all the components like the rollers which rotate the conveyor belt, the bearings, the pneumatic cylinder, the air blower and the structure which carries the plastic covers. The material used for the frame is mild steel.

Bearings: For the project pillow type bearings are being used. It is used to support the rollers. Bearing has cast iron casing with ball bearing inside.It is a self aligning bearing,i.e. it will align itself with the shaft. Bearing is mounted on the top of the frame by nut and bolt.

The rollers : The shaft supports the conveyor belt and is mounted on the bearing. The length of the shaft is 800 mm and diameter of the shaft is 76.2 mm.Material used for the shaft is cast iron. It is then fitted to the bearing.

The conveyor belt : The conveyor belt is passed along the rollers and rotates. As it rotates it moves the bread along. The length of the conveyor is 4800 mm and the width is 400 mm. The belt is made of nylon, which is a food friendly material. It does not react with the bread. Hence it is safe.

The pneumatic base : The pneumatic cylinder is mounted on a base of length 400 mm and thickness 2 cm. the base is made of mild steel and is welded onto the main frame.

Bread packing machine

Result and Conclusion

This machine can help the small scale industries, by increasing the efficiency and reducing labor cost. Thus providing a higher output. A sealing unit consisting of heated metal plates can be included to seal the packets. A pneumatic cylinder with a timer circuit can be introduced to make the movement of the vacuum arm automatic. A sequential circuit can be made for the entire system. By increasing the conveyor belt length, more number of breads can be passed.

153. AUTOMATION OF TWO WHEELER FACILITIES WITH GSM SECURITY SYSTEM

COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : DR. SANJEEV REDDY K. H. STUDENTS : SHREYAS S. NAIK GURUBASAVARAJ ITIGI THEERTHAPRASAD V. K. BASAVARAJ

Introduction

The present innovation relates to the motorcycle side stand control mechanism and automatic gear changing for up-shift or downshift, the GSM technology security system to avoid the theft. These incorporated facilities in the existing two wheeler. A mechanism is fabricated for the side stand to lift and retract according to the engine ignition key position. This will be motorized by a cranking motor of 12V DC supply, taking input from the motorcycle battery. Another mechanism is fabricated to change the gear by using two buttons, one for up-shift, and another for the down-shift of the gears. This will be also done by a 12V DC motor, powered from the vehicle battery.

The handle locking mechanism is powered by motor and is activated by the control circuit to lock the handle when GSM call is received by the owner. The control circuit will activate the GSM call to the pre-fed number when unauthorized handle lock of the two-wheeler is opened. The control circuit when receives the call from the owner, the control circuit will be activated to lock the handle and switch off the ignition and to cut off the fuel supply to the engine.


Objectives

To design and fabricate the gear changing mechanism powered by DC motor and activated by the control circuit.

To design and fabricate the side stand lifting and putting it on by the motorized mechanism and controlled by the ignition key through the circuit.

To design and make the handle locking mechanism being powered by motor and activated by the control circuit to lock the handle when GSM call is received by the owner.

To design and make the control circuit to activate the GSM (mobile phone) call to the pre fed number when unauthorized handle lock of the two wheeler is opened.

To design and make the control circuit to receive the call from the owner and received call triggering the control circuit to lock the handle and switch off the ignition, put on the siren in the two wheeler.

Methodology

Side stand control : When the power key is inserted and put on, it connects the relay to connect the motor to rotate affecting the cranking and will stop at the closing of the micro switch provided at the end of the action. When the key is removed out, the relay connects the motor to work in opposite direction to be stopped at the lifting action end by the closure of micro-switch which disconnects the supply to the motor through the relay.

Gear changing mechanism controlled by the buttons : When the gear changing is to be effected, the clutch is operated and the requisite button for the up-shift or downshift is pressed. The connection is effected to the relay which connects the motor for the cranking mechanism to operate to hit and change the gear lever for the up-shift or the down shift and stop at the limit or micro switch being positioned and fixed at the requisite place to stop the lever of the gear changer. The circuit is then reversed when the limit switches are pressed and the direction of motor is reversed.

GSM Security system : When an owner parks his bike at a place, a security switch provided is to be turned on by the owner. This activates the security system of the vehicle. When the ignition is turned on by any unauthorized person or the vehicle is started by directing the engine ignition by tampering with the wires, the micro switch opens giving the input through the preset variable resistor to the pin number 7 which gives the inverted output at pin number 6 to the IC CD-4017. This gives the clock

output at pin from pin number 2 which is triggered by transistor BC-547 which connects the relay to reset the mobile phone making it ready for making the call and at the second pulse input from IC UM-606 to the IC CD-4017 which gives the output at pin number 4 which triggers the transistor to connect the relay to make the call to the concerned authorities. The call number is already noted in the speed dial no 2, the option in the mobile phone. The repeat calling is set for the particular intervals by the variable resistor which gives the input at pin number 7 of IC-UM-606. When the call is rejected by the user and if he/she calls back to the SIM in the control board, the signals received by the opto-coupler MCT2E which isolates the main circuit from the signals and gives the input pulse to pin number 7 at high state voltage input which gives the inverted output at pin number 6 to trigger the transistor BC-547 which connects the relay to activate locking mechanism and the second relay to maintain the locking link in position, and another two relays are provided to switch off the ignition of the vehicle, and to cut-off the petrol supply to the engine.

Results

There were minimum problems faced during the installation, however some dimensions were adjusted to fit the facilities to the engine chassis.

The side stand mechanism was to be tilted by 100 to fit it to the engine chassis. The gear changing mechanism was fitted on the outer surface of the motorcycle.

The motorcycle was tested on all roads, more importantly on village roads, state and national highways, and there were no problems faced due to the vibrations of the engines or due to the vibrations caused by the roads.

Proper changing of gears at the precise timing may increase the performance of the engine and also the economy.

Conclusion

There is no necessity to take care of side stands whether it is in lifted position or parked position. This avoids accidents since the side stand lifts up automatically when power is put on.

It is more helpful for old aged people since this mechanism does not call for manual operation and it can be automatically turned between the non-operative position and the operative position.

The power used for the cranking motor is momentary, so very less power consumption. Also the power is withdrawn from the vehicle battery which automatically charges by running the bike.

It is an anti-theft device since the security measure covers all probable aspects of the theft, canvassing


such method implementation will give the signals to such people not to think of robbery or theft.

Many circuits to be maintained and the GSM calling needs the network service and a sim card, but the mechanisms are easy to operate.

Future enhancements

These facilities at present are applied on the outer surfaces of the motorcycle. A new body for the vehicles has to be designed in future so as to cover these mechanisms.

The circuits use mechanical relays, which can be replaced by electronic relays. Also, the entire circuit can be made by the micro-controllers.

The GPRS can be added to trace the stolen vehicle.

154. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED SOLAR COOKER AND DRYER

COLLEGE : SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD GUIDES : PROF. S. R. DABOJI AND PROF. K. N. PATIL STUDENTS : SHOYAB K. GARAG SAMPREET JOSHI SHRIKANT P.

In this project, an effort is being made to integrate both solar dryer and cooker in a single chamber for simultaneously working of both applications of solar energy. The aim of project is to Reconditioning the existing solar cooker and dryer. Conduct experimental and theoretical analysis, compare the result.

A forced convection solar dryer integrated with solar cooker has been fabricate and tested for onion and potato drying and cooking of rice, pigeon peas (toor dhal) and green gram (moong dhal). It composed of solar collector, and chamber housing both drying and cooking facility with blower arrangement. Simple passive and active designs were followed to enable to save energy requirement for fast operating. Therefore experimentally time taken for cooking 200 gm rice and 50 gm green gram is 3 and 2.5 hours respectively.

Objective

Design and development of flat plate collector of integrated solar cooker and dryer.

Theoretical analysis of solar cooker and dryer.

Assessment test of empty dryer and cooker.

Assessment test of loaded dryer and cooker for its intended working.

Methodology

Study of solar cooker and dryer.

Design of solar cooker, dryer and flat plate collector.

Fabrication of flat plate collector.

Theoretical analysis of cooker, dryer and flat plate collector.

Experimentation in 3 steps

o For cooking only

o For drying only

o Integrated cooking and drying

Analysis of experimentation and comparison of results with theory.

Conclusion

The study has shown that the design of integrated solar dryer and cooker can easily be developed and constructed and works satisfactorily

Test shows that high temperature can be obtained in the solar dryer and cooker between the hour’s 11.00 am to 14.00 pm local time and temperature above that of ambient temperature can be maintained in the chamber

Test shows that total time taken for cooking rice and dhal was exactly 2 hours only on clear sunny days

Time taken for drying of potato is 4 hours by forced convection only on clear sunny days

Time taken for drying of onions is 4.30 hours by forced convection only on clear sunny days

Study shows that drying takes place by adopting forced convection method.

Total cost of the unit will be around Rs. 8000/-

Future scope

Transient heat transfer analysis of cooker ,drier and flat plate collector

Thermal analysis of integrated system by using simulation software (ANSYS)

Pressure loss analysis , fluid flow analysis by using software


Optimization of drying and cooking rate and quantity for given absorber plate area of cooker and flat plate collector.

155. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DIESEL PLANT

COLLEGE : SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. M. C. MATH STUDENTS : SHASHWAT KUMAR SHADAB ALI ANKIT BHARDWAJ SUNNY SINGH

Objectives

Production of Bio-Diesel at the rate of 10 liters per day.

Production of commercial grade Bio-Diesel

Production of Bio-Diesel from any type of vegetable oils (edible and non-edible)

Production of Bio-Diesel at competitive prices

Methodology

A schematic diagram of the unit for production of Bio-Diesel as shown in the figure

The unit mainly consist of main oil tank (capacity 20 liters) provided with a hopper at the base level.

The vegetable oil is pumped from the oil tank to another oil tank provided with a heater.

The heated oil is transferred to the mixture tank where it is stirred with solution oil with the help of a stirrer controlled by a low rpm motor. The tank is also provided with a condenser to separate methanol and convert it into liquid form.

The mixer tank is placed over a water tank. Methanol gets collected in a separate tank.

The homogenous mixture of vegetable oil and the solution is condensed in a condenser with the help of cold water.

The solution is transferred to the gravity separator (capacity 15 liters) through condenser. The separator separates bio-diesel from glycerin. As density of glycerin is more than of the bio-diesel, it gets separated out through a two way valve and collected in a glycerin container.

The bio-diesel is then washed with water in a mixture tank provide with a stirrer controlled by a motor. Waste water is drained out through a two-way valve.

Separated bio-diesel is then passed through an evaporator, to remove moisture if any.

Pure bio-diesel is collected in a bio-diesel tank that is ready for use.

Figure 1 Layout of Biodiesel Plant

Biodiesel production plant

Result and Conclusion

Production of commercial grade bio-diesel from the developed bio-diesel plant.


Application of project

To produce renewable, eco-friendly fuel alternative to Diesel Oil.

The generated fuel from this plant can be used extensively in diesel engine generators.

156. DESIGN & FABRICATION OF WHEEL DRIVEN SPRAYER

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : PROF. P.S. SHASHIDHAR STUDENTS : MANJUNATHA K. ECHCHARAPPA PATTAR RAVI VERMA H. SRIKANTHA B.G.

Introduction

An attempt is made to design and fabricate a wheel driven sprayer by cranking mechanism. The forward motion of the wheel drives the reciprocating pump to pump the air into the storage tank, Which maintains the pressure for the spraying of pesticides.

A pesticide sprayer designed and fabricated is portable in nature, with an increased tank capacity. Light weight makes it maneuverable for any aged people and also for women. The self pumping ability of equipment by moving the wheels in the agricultural fields which in turn builds up pressure inside the cylinder and it enables to spray pesticides through the nozzles mounted over cross rod. Thus the pesticide sprayer so designed and fabricated function more efficiently by spraying two parallel rows simultaneously, there by reducing operation cost and time by 50% of conventional sprayer Pesticide spraying area is increased compared to conventional hand pump spray and also less time consuming. Most significant feature of this sprayer is it can be operated without the supply of electrical energy.

Working principle

This is a two wheeled body with cranking mechanism with pump being cranked and pushed and pulled to result in pumping, building the pressure in the tank for pesticide spraying. The wheels are fixed on main axle and cranking is on the center axle which pushes the piston rod in and out of the cylinder pumping the air pressure into the tank. There is a tank fitted on the frame through which the sprayer is connected on the protruded rod and jet is set for the required pitch. When the handle is pushed, the wheels rotate and move and simultaneously pump the air and sprayer is affected.

Wheel driven sprayer has a air pump which compresses air into the tank and pressurizes the spray mixture. The pressure slowly drops as the liquid is sprayed. The forward motion of the wheels drives the reciprocating pump to pump the air into the tank which maintains the pressure for the spraying. The nozzles are usually arranged along a boom at regular intervals at the variable distance or pitch according to crop row spacing.

Methodology

Wheel driven sprayer has a air pump which is operated by a crank mechanism. The pressurized air from the air pump is supplied to the tank which contains pesticide mixture. The pressurized pesticide from the tank is sprayed out onto the field through the nozzles. The forward motion of the wheels drives the reciprocating pump to pump the air into tank which maintains the pressure for spraying. The entire mechanism is mounted on a wheel chair mechanism.

Fig: Wheel Driven Sprayer

The pump follows a basic principle of the reciprocating suction pump. A sprayer pump must have sufficient pumping capacity to maintain the desired pressure and supply the needed volume to the nozzles.

157. HYBRID POWER GENERATION UNDER LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : SRI.RAJESH.A.M. STUDENTS : BALAJI.S.R. GHANASHYAM K.G. SUBRAHMANYA V. MANJUNATH.S

Abstract

Standalone wind with Solar Photovoltaic is known as the best hybrid Combination of all renewable energy systems and suitable for most of the applications taking care of seasonal changes. They also


compliment each other during lean periods, example additional energy production by wind during monsoon months compensate less output generated by solar. Similarly, post winter months when wind is dull, SPV takes over. The hybrid system provides more consistent year-round renewable energy production. These systems are modular and can be expanded easily. A hybrid renewable energy system utilizes two or more energy production methods, usually solar and wind power. Hybrid wind & solar systems provide more consistent year-round performance and reduce the need for back-up generation. The major advantage of solar / wind hybrid system is that when solar and wind power production is used together, the reliability of the system is enhanced. Additionally, the size of battery storage can be reduced as there is less reliance on one method of power production. Often, when there is no sun, there is plenty of wind. The packaged systems are ideally suited to remote homes, schools, clinics and other off-grid applications. They can also be retrofitted to existing diesel –generator systems to save on high fuel costs, minimize noise and provide up to 24-hour power. The standard hybrid systems available to meet power needs. It can also tailor a system to suit should you have a smaller or larger power requirement.

Introduction

Present day energy scenarios, for meeting the ever-increasing energy demand, efforts have come into focus with a view to develop new generation technologies. The major goals of these approaches are to have reduced environmental damages, conservation of energy, exhaustible sources and increased safety. In this context during the past few years renewable energy sources have received greater attention and considerable inputs have been given to develop efficient energy conversion and utilization techniques. Majority of the population in our country is located in the village and a large number of the villages are still not served by National Grid due to cost involved for laying of the Transmission line, in relation to their power consumption, is prohibition in some cases because of the distance involved, quantity of life, availability of cold storage for Medicine, TV coverage and other aspects are adversely affected in such cases. Conventional sources of energy have a long generation period, draw heavily on exhaustible deposits and adversely affect ecological balance. New and Renewable sources of energy are not only economically viable but do not suffer from any of the above disadvantages.

Objectives

The hybrid system eliminates expensive mains cable installation costs.

To increase public safety aids in providing a safe working environment in areas where mains power is difficult to access.

Designed for easy to operate, servicing and maintenance where required.

No pollution and no recurring fuel costs.

Highly reliable and consistent power supply, Very good quality power Output with steady voltage & frequency.

Long life span for SPV modules & Modular design.

Methodology

The DC Power generated by the Solar PV array is stored in the Battery Bank through a Hybrid Controller, which maximizes charging current and prevents excessive discharge/overcharge. Wind turbine generator starts generating power when wind speed exceeds cut-in speed of the Mini Wind Turbine (above 2.7 m/s). Output from the Wind Battery Charger is also stored in the Battery Bank through Hybrid Controller. During windy periods excess energy generated by the Wind Battery Charger is dissipated through a progressive heater (Dump Load). The wind turbine is self-regulated type with protection for over speed. Energy stored in the battery is drawn by electrical loads through the inverter, which converts DC power into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for Short-Circuit; Reverse Polarity, Low Battery Voltage and Over Load. The Battery Bank is designed to feed the loads up to two days, during Non-Sun/Wind days.

Results

The hybrid system was designed so that, in every point of the zone studied it could supply an uninterrupted electrical load with 10 W peak power, 70% utilization factor and a daily consumption cycle of 24 hours. The results corresponded to residential demands. The economic scenario did not consider any economic subsidy for the equipment or for environmental revenues (for avoiding the emission of atmospheric pollutants), though all the selected subsystems provided “green energy”. In addition, it was resized in power capacity to meet demand. For this reason, batteries had to be incorporated as an electric energy storage system with an energy reserve of 24 hours and with other components (inverters) to allow DC-AC conversion.

Conclusion

Standalone wind with Solar Photovoltaic is known as the best hybrid combination of all renewable energy systems and suitable for most of the applications taking care of seasonal changes.


Hybrid wind & solar systems provide more consistent all-round performance and reduce the need for back-up generation.

The major advantage of solar / wind hybrid system is that when solar and wind power productions are used together, the reliability of the system is enhanced. Additionally, the size of battery storage can be reduced as there is less reliance on one method of power production.

The packaged systems are ideally suited to remote homes, schools, clinics and other off-grid applications.

Remote and Rural village Electrification & domestic lighting applications.

Future Recommendation

Implement soft switching circuit to ensure a smooth transition from boost mode to buck mode to eliminate voltage spike.

Modeling of wind turbine where its AC output varies over a wide range of wind speeds.

Modeling of lead acid battery to determine its life time, capacity, impedance and behavior of charging / discharge process.

Simulate and monitors output voltage response of solar / wind controller with battery model as load.

Conduct review, compare and propose the most suitable charging method among many various methods for use in this application.

158. MANUALLY OPERATED ARECANUT CUTTING MACHINE

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : DR. T. B. PRASAD STUDENTS : VINAY KEMPARAJU C. R. SAMBHAJI J. S. SHIVARAM M. J.

Introduction

Traditionally the Areca nut cutting is done by use of “dao” (katti/knife) only which is very risky, when needs arises to do it speedy i.e. for commercial purpose as they have to use very sharp knife.Cutting the nuts by hand requires more time.

Skilled areca nut cutters have become scarce and farmers are finding it difficult to harvest the nuts.There are many equipments/ machines in the market to help the farmers in this regard. But they are not successful as the price of equipment is very high. 3 to 5 nuts can be cut by hand in one minute using knife, therefore it requires more time and more man muscle power, and hence many innovative ideas have been developed to reduce the muscle power and prevent damages and improve the fast cutting.

Objective

This project aims at developing a low cost effective Areca Nut Cutting Machine, which would cater to the needs of the people of the rural society.The cut pieces are cost approximately up to Rs. 25000 per quintal. The raw areca nut costs less than the cut areca nut(up to Rs. 17000). It can easily be customized as per requirements and available resources to suit the needs of different rural holds. To overcome from these above mentioned problems the cutting machine is developed with star shape tool to cut the nut in to six pieces.

Methodology

Areca nut cutting machine contains two major mechanisms on the technical floor. Its design in the fashion of process areca nut kernel to receive as required output. Description of machine design initiate in steps of punching mechanism, cutting mechanism. Punching mechanism can be divided into punch assembly and spring return process. Cutting mechanism consists of assembly of tool and die plate. Areca nut cutting machine processed in a manner to cut the kernel and produce the required output in bulk for commercial purpose. The standard setup consists of upper & lower part, the upper part consists of number of punching head, lower part consists of dies with cutting tool .The lower and upper parts are aligned with the help of pillar and guide bushes. After processing the areca nut, the kernel part which is in wet condition are used for cutting process. The nuts are placed in the dies and the force will be applied through hand pressing lever. The punch head consists of nylon material made as impression of cutting tool. As it comes in contact with the nuts, the cup shape of nylon will make the nut self centered and it pushes the nuts through the blades, nuts will be cut in to equal pieces. After cutting process the punch head will return back to neutral position by the spring provided.

This set up also consists of mechanical stopper ,it is designed in such a way that there will be some clearance between the punch head and cutting tool to avoide the wear and tear of punch head as well as cutting tool. The design of cutting tool is such that the tool will shear the nut from base part, the pieces are moved in the slots provided and equal sized nuts are produced.


Mechanical Design

Assembly

Specifications

Angle of lever : 30-40 deg.

Die dia: 22 mm

Cutting Angle: 52 deg

Results & Conclusion

It can be concluded that the mechanization of cutting process of areca nut is a difficult process due to inherent behavior of areca nut itself. The improved processes efficiency can be achieved subjected to following

Calculate the force- the minimum force required for cutting Process is 750N.

Minimum holding time is required is 10-15 sec that means, the force is to be fixed for reciprocating system.

The test work carried out on limited quantity of areca nut to ascertain its suitability the machine need to be used to processing large quantities.


The process can be atomized for further development by providing automatic feeding mechanism.

The machining cost can be reduced.

The designing of the tool can be made easy.

159. MULTIPLE DOSA MAKING MACHINE

COLLEGE : SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE GUIDES : SRI NEELAKANTHA V. LONDHE AND SRI ROHIT JAYARAJA ACHARYA STUDENTS : PAWAN RAJ KOOSAPPA VANDANA MARIA LOBO JOEL PREM D’SOUZA JESON RAJESH MARTIS

Introduction

The Multiple Dosa Making Machine (MDMM) obviates the need for human labour and ensures exacting hygienic conditions while ensuring uniformity in quality, taste and quantity. In places where time is a factor and voluminous production of dosa’s are required, this dosa making machine will be the answer. It aims at making dosa’s at a faster rate in multiple numbers helping to reduce the strain of the cook. The machine is compact and an assembly of various parts like the gas cylinders, electric motor, main frame, circular disc, steel hopper, non stick pans etc. that can be disassembled for maintenance purposes, making it easy to operate and provide ease of maintenance.

Dosa is common as breakfast, lunch or dinner and is rich in carbohydrates and protein. They are usually, manually prepared by ladling a thin layer of the batter on to a hot griddle greased with oil or ghee.

Methodology

The fabrication of the Multiple Dosa Making Machine is a simple process. It involves several operations such as cutting, bending, drilling, tapping, grinding, welding, filing, sawing, mounting and painting. Initially it starts with the fabrication of the base which is an assembly of two C-channels intersecting at the centre so as to form a strong supporting structure for the rest of the parts of the machine. Gas welding has been used to join two c-channel structures.

On the base is mounted a rectangular frame which is fabricated by welding together the angular. Another smaller frame of square cross section is fabricated within the larger frame to provide a supporting structure for the motor and gears. The motor and the gear boxes are bolted to the smaller frame. The gear box with gear ratio 1:1320 is clamped at the bottom most position. Above this gear box the motor is mounted. The motor shaft is coupled to the gear box at the bottom. At the top most part of the frame is mounted another gear box of gear ratio 1:4. Both the gear boxes are interconnected by means of a belt drive mechanism.

Present on top of this gear box is a circular disc dimension 97.2cm diameter bolted to it. Below the disc, a cradle is fabricated and welded so that 2kg gas cylinders can be placed in them. This is used to supply gas to the gas burners. This arrangement has been provided so that the cylinders rotate along with the disc during operation. Once all the parts are assembled together the parts are filed and ground to remove any surface irregularities and give a polished finishing to the machine. Finally to improve the aesthetic features of the machine it is painted.


The labour required is reduced as manual interaction is decreased while operating this machine. The design is such that it is cook-friendly. Hence the strain of the


cook is reduced. Most of the operations are automatic. This increases efficiency in hygiene by a considerable rate. Automation in the production leads to a faster preparation rate. About 192 dosa’s can be prepared per hour. Multiple dosa’s can be prepared in one step process. The machine is user friendly and hence does not require skilled workmen for its operation. It’s hygienic and reduces the strain of the cook. The machine when produced in large numbers will result in drastic reduction of its cost. This machine will surely provide a better option when compared to the present conventional method of cooking dosa’s and will be profitable for hoteliers and food caterers

Scope for Future Improvement

A cam system can be introduced just after the last dosa pan such that the dosa is removed and transferred automatically which will eliminate manual involvement to a greater extent.

A timer or sensor can be introduced to drop the dosa mixture in fixed regular intervals in equal amounts making the process even simpler.

Temperature sensors can be used to indicate the temperature of the pans. This can be programmed for different temperature zones ensuring that the dosa does not get burnt as the sensor would lower the flame to decrease the temperature.

An arrangement to house different types of nozzles can be made at the outlet of the discharge valve to regulate the flow rate.

A disc with larger diameter can accommodate more number of dosa’s to be done in one rotation of the disc.

A provision to drop oil or ghee in intervals on the disc can be done by using a perforated tube, connected to oil container.

Instead of pneumatic valve, solenoid can be used to control the flow of batter.

A foot operated peddle can be used either to stop the disc rotation or to control flow of batter from the container.

160. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE VARIABLE TOPOLOGY PRESS MECHANISM

COLLEGE : STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI GUIDE : MR. U. M. DAIVAGNA STUDENTS : MANJUNATH G. M. BHIMANAGOUDA G. H. SOMANAGOUDA S. PATIL MADHUSUDHAN N.

Introduction

A new type of mechanism is designed and fabricated to show the demonstration of “Two Degree Seven Bar Slider Mechanism” used for press working operation in two phases. Since all presses presently working on “single degree freedom of six bar slider Mechanism”. Therefore the project work presents a new model and its working mechanism and thus enlightens us to know the new concept in the field of mechanical engineering. The efforts are put in designing the members with consideration of strength and rigidity, fabricated by using available material like mild steel. The main aim of our model is to demonstrate a new hybrid type of mechanical press mechanism which operates on two independent rotary inputs. It is power operated by two motors. One operate shearing in Phase-I and blanking operation in Phase-II using variable topology synthesis concept.

Results

A washer of inside diameter 8mm and outside diameter 16mm is produced from both shearing and blanking operations by the press mechanism. It has tested for a thin aluminum sheet of 0.2mm, because our aim is to demonstrate the working of the mechanism model.

Conclusion

The maximum stroke length is 100mm. In Phase-I the motor 1 gives the input to the link 2 with a constant speed of about 80rpm. In Phase-II, the motor 2 gives the input to the link 6 with a constant speed of about 80rpm. Considering the Phase-I the slider moves downward with a design force of 0.754 KN for the shearing operation, it shears the material kept at the bottom of the slider and in phase 2 the slider moves downward with a design force of 1.507 KN for the blanking operation, it blanks the material kept at the bottom of the slider. Completely sheared and blanked parts are produced after the both operations. Assuming one revolution produces one sheared and one more revolution for the blanked material. For the speed of 80RPM, 40 parts will be produced per minute. The belts and pulleys are used for reducing the speed of the motor from 1400rpm to nearly 80rpm.


Suitable geared motors are used instead of these AC motors which reduces the speed how much we want.

Only one motor may be used for both Phases of operations with suitable arrangements.

Automatic feeding of sheet metal may be used.

Other operations like drawing, deep drawing, bending are also be performed.


Punch and die may be designed using proper tool materials so that the product is of a good quality.

161. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE BICYCLE FOR AGRICULTURE BASED APPLICATION

COLLEGE : STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI GUIDE : PROF. K. B. GURUPADAPPA STUDENTS : KUMAR CHOKKANAGOUDRA LAVA K. R. IMRAN KHAN MANJANAGOUDA B. G.

Introduction

In this model study the bicycle is using for paint spraying system, for power generation through gears and water pumping mechanism to pump water to overhead tank. The same unit can be used for various other applications. The chain is connected to sprocket with the crank plate on which the cranking lever is connected to connecting rod of the air pump. The action of the cranking makes the piston rod to move to and fro pumping the pressurized air into the air tank through the non return valve provided at the outlet of the pump, The stocked air in the air tank is connected to spray nozzle through the hose pipe which holds the paint and can be used for spraying the paint at the required surface.

Another mechanism is with sprocket arrangement and connected through the chain which is having number of gears to enhance or increase the number rotations to make the generator connected to rotate at the higher speed to generate power. The generator will produce 8 volts and it can be increased to the required voltage by increasing the number of poles and the number of turns on wires and gauge of the wire. The generator will generate power which can glow the 10 watts CFL through the battery.

The third application in this project is the pumping mechanism. The pumping unit consists of two set of reciprocating pumps with pistons, cylinders, valves, seal, compression ring, piston rod and suction and discharge pipes, non return valves for inlet and outlet ports. The pump works on the principle of reciprocation of the piston and the cylinder. Creation of vacuum resulting in suction and compressing of the water resulting in discharge is the basic principle of operation. In this model could be pump the water to approximately 2 to 3m and the discharge can be through 16mm diameter pipe also.

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Multi use Bicycle Arrangement

1. Front wheel is removed.

2. Front arm.

3. Seat fixed in the place of handle

4. Replaceable items equipments being fixed.

5. Rear stand.

6. Chain to drive wheel.

7. Rear wheel.

8. Rear wheel stand connected.

9. Pedal.

10. Support.

Actions being carried by the pedal operation:

Spray painting usage by filling the pressurized air into the tank by pedaling.

Can be used to generate power which will glow the bulb.

Pedal powered air compressor which can be used for tube/tyre puncture repair, or for spray painting.

Water pumping from pond to the field or from sump to the overhead tank.

Application

It is an efficient and low cost paint spraying system.

It can be used in remote area where power is not available.

The cost the equipment is very low and maintenance is early.

Air tank filling is done by pedaling which can be use for repair shops.

The pump has a unique balancing mechanism to give constant load distribution throughout the cycle, a desirable criterion for any mechanical system.

This system can be used for self employment to give the service on hire basis and earn the livelihood.


162. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : MR. UDAYA SHANKAR P. STUDENTS : VISHWAS K. M. ALLAN ROLF D’SOUZA DHEERAJ SHETTY A. CHAITHRA S. V.

Introduction

To develop a promotional strategy for a new innovation to generate public awareness for the availability of such type of coconut dehusking machine in the market at a very reasonable cost.

Materials

Hydraulic gear pump

Double acting Hydraulic cylinder (2 numbers)

Control valve (4/3)

Hose

3 armed poker assembly at the bottom (1 number)

6 armed poker assembly at the top (1 number)

Frame and column

Electric motor (1 HP, 1500 RPM, 3 Phase)

Methodology

The coconut dehusking machine peels off the coconut husk from the coconut to obtain dehusked coconut fruit via machine controlled dehusking device.

The coconut is placed on the holder in vertical position.

The holder is moved up by the hydraulic cylinder.

The top assembly which comprises of the gripper pokers is held vertically with link mechanism.

The top assembly movement enables the pokers to move in downward slide to poke into the coconut at certain depth will make the pokers to move apart by the pusher link mechanism to tear apart the husk with force.

The process starts with a three armed poker holding the coconut which is at the bottom of the frame moving upwards by the cylinder, until the coconut is attached to the pokers at the top.

Now the upper cylinder is actuated downwards along with pokers till the most of the husk is removed from the coconut.

Later the cylinder along with pokers at the bottom is actuated upwards so that the husk can be easily removed, thus the coconut is dehusked.

Results

The coconut dehusking machine is operated by hydraulic pump. This hydraulic pump exerts the force ten times more than the force applied on the foot lever. The machine is of 2.5 feet breadth, 3 feet width and 5 feet height. The whole weight of the machine is around 90kg. The materials used in this machine are of good quality and durable. And the parts are painted to prevent from rusting. Most of the parts are made from mild steel material.

The machine has the capacity to dehusk the coconut of any shape and size. Also the coconut shell of different thickness and hardness can be easily removed by this with a less force. For a single operation it is taking nearly10 seconds. The machine can dehusk about 250 to 300 coconuts per hour.

Applications

The machine is useful for coconut estates, co-operatives, coconut growers, coconut processing factories

Some Large-scale industries like those producing coconut hair oil, coconut biscuits and sweets, cooking oil etc. use huge quantities of coconuts as their raw material. These companies can use this machine for dehusking coconuts in large numbers

This project can provide opportunity for the women employment as they can work in the coconut industries.


Easier in operation, easier in maintenance, more productivity, energy efficient, labour efficient

Reduces Bodily Harm

Conclusion

Designed and fabricated the machine named "Coconut dehusking machine" to reduce the problems of labour and operating cost.


The same machine could be utilized for drilling tender coconuts, by making a single poker attachment to the top cylinder.

The manual placing of coconuts can be atomized by suitable automation.


163. PREPAID AUTOMATED WIRELESS ENERGY METER USING SMARTCARD TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE : GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, MYSORE GUIDE : PROF. SIDDALINGAPPA AND PROF. MAHALAKSHMI M.N. STUDENTS : CHAITRA S. DEEPIKA M.S. POOJASHREE T.C. SAKSHI SOUMYA

Introduction The currently existing electric meter measures the total consumption of energy, but it is not providing any information to the user regarding units of consumption to the user regarding the units of consumption of energy and the amount utilized.

We have made an attempt to design a wireless energy meter, which can accurately measure the energy consumed, can be recharged using a prepaid smart card. The consumption detail will be played on LCD. When the balance amount reaches below the cut off value, the system alerts the user through SMS. If the user does not get it recharged well in time, the power supply connection will be cut automatically as soon as the balance reaches zero.

The wireless Energy Meter thus enables the user to know the energy consumption details also to be alerted when the balance goes below the cut off without any manual intervention.

Methodology

The energy meter is recharged by the customer using a smart card at the central office. The communication between the system and the users mobile, electric office is done by the use of two Zigbee transceivers. After the recharge, the system at the office communicates to the system at home and updates the recharge information. The energy meter measures the energy consumed accurately and the information about the balance amount and energy consumed will be displayed on LCD. Thus it avoids the periodic trip of a service provider from one physical location to another to read a meter and hence it saves the time. The system enables the user to be altered when the balance goes below the cutoff without any manual intervention and also the power supply connection will cut automatically as soon as the balance reaches Zero.

Advantages

Accurate meter reading, No manual intervention required for meter reading

Improved billing

Improved Security for premises

Recharging is easier with the use of smart card

Transparency in the consumption of power for the customers

Applications

Industrial Application

Factories and office buildings

Residential flats, Home, Commercial building

Conclusion

The wireless energy meter can be easily recharged using smart card. The system alerts the user when the balance reaches cutoff value also the power supply connection will be cut automatically when the balance reaches zero without any manual intervention, thus it provides accurate billing and also saves man power.

Future enhancements

SMS billing can be done whenever customer requires

Online billing can be done

A single energy meter for N users can be implemented.


164. WATER AND SOIL MONITORING FOR FARMERS USING MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : PROF. G. K. SURESH STUDENTS : DARSHAN U. MAYYA SUNIL K. S. PRAVEEN R. SHIVA KUMAR REDDY

Introduction

The project is the design and implementation of an automatics borewell water depth measurement system. For this purpose a pulley float system is required. In conjunction with it a mass suspended floats on the under-ground water is required in addition to the associated electronics. Such a system is designed. Borewell water depth measurement is carried out by counting the number of rotations of the pulley and calculating the depth using sensors and a microcontroller. The depth measured is displayed using a LCD display. With prior knowledge of the depth of the submersible pump the farmer is alerted using a suitable alarm system whenever the danger level is reached. The system consists of an opto-coupler sensor connected to the surface of pulley interfaced with a 8051 family micro-controller. The controller is programmed to detect the up and down movement of the pulley and calculate the water depth. Relays are used for turning the motor off when the water level reaches the danger mark. The microcontroller is also connected to LCD display for displaying the water depth. Further the controller is interfaced with a GSM device to send regular updates of water depth to a target mobile.

Handheld Device

Brief description of block diagram: The system consists of a handheld data logger which stores the details of soil moisture, acid content etc. This data can be sent to a central station/controller by the use of a LAN network or through GSM. The data logger consists of a 8051 processor, a graphic LCD display, keyboard, and a port to read the sensor data. The sensor sends data to the handheld device; this records the field ID, humidity, moisture and other properties. The soil characteristics of

various fields are stored by plugging the device to sensors attached to respective fields. Then these details could be transferred to a central station through a LAN network

Conclusion

The project “Water and Soil Monitoring for Farmers using Micrcontroller Based System” has been successfully completed implemented tested and demonstrated. This project monitors parameters of soil and borewell water depth is designed to measure depths up to 999 ft and it sends the updates of depth measured to any target cell phone. These data will be very useful for farmers for crop management.

Result

The temperature and moisture of the soil is found and a suitable crop can be assisted to farmer.

The depth of water in borewell is measured and alerted when danger level is reached.


The project can be more compact by using multilayered PCB.

165. SMART POWER GENERATION USING TURBINES FOR HOMES AND RECYCLING OF WATER WITH GENERATED POWER

COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDES : PROF. H. S. JAYARAMU STUDENTS : SYED MUSAVEER RAHMAN KAVYA CHANDRASHEKAR KAVYASHREE C. M. VIDYASREE R.

Introduction

In the present world the demand for electricity is increasing, with a point of extinction of fossil fuels and increasing level of air pollution, the power generators are in great demand. Human dependency on power is reached to an extent that it is a part of life. Some of the examples are we can’t stay at homes during summer without air coolers, fans and if the power goes for more than a day then entire communication systems will stop. All these are because whatever the field and the device may be they work on power.

Hence The main problem in many countries is pollution free energy generation where pollution has made a huge impact on the quality of air. The use of fossil fuels in automobiles which releases huge amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere increases air pollution. Various methods of effective conversion of abundantly available renewable energy


source are practiced in order to meet the requirement and simultaneously bring down the pollution. These methods have become the recent interest in the world. By making renewable energy easy to use and economically profitable, so the fossil fuel usage can be reduced.

Every home is having the sump and tank and daily depend on usage. Water is lifted, with the available pumping of water from sump to the overhead tank the power can be generated in a micro level. Hence

To made use with an amplifier to charge a battery.

To control water level of the tank by switching ON & OFF of Motor whenever it is required.

Control of these things with an SMS.

Recycle water by simple techniques.

Mechanical energy is one of the renewable sources of energy available abundantly on earth which can be effectively harnessed to meet the increasing demand in energy sector. The major advantage of Mechanical energy is that it is clean, pollution free and inexhaustible. This can give cost efficient solutions for industrial and domestic applications. A turbine has been designed in such a way that it can generate power with less pressure of water also

A charge controller kit has been designed which not only protect the batteries from over voltage and overheating but also helps to charge the batteries from solar panels. To facilitate this solar panels are mounted on electric bike which adds some extra range of coverage. These solar panels are mounted with mechanical supports given from bike itself and tilted at particular angle such that it receives more intensity of sunlight. The solar panels are foldable type, which can be used under parking conditions. Turbines are directly connected to the pipes. The pressure of water makes Turbines to rotate at 55rpm this in turn at the DC Motor generate a 5.5V,10mA,hence giving power of 55mw for a home.

Objectives

Nowadays there is a problem of load shedding. This is because, the usage of power is more than its availability (i.e. the generated power is in terms of Mega watts but there is a need of power beyond this) ex: Entire communication devices/equipments depends on electricity or power, other devices such as AC, Coolers are also needed in day time due to temperature and also there is need of light in night time because of dark. Machines like Computers, Washing machine, Refrigerators, Televisions, Mobiles etc and we have made these to be a part of life. Hence for their usage we need to have a sufficient amount of power to run them.

Also nowadays there are problems of contamination of water which makes the water impure and not fit to drink which leads to several diseases. The major part of contamination of water can be seen at factories, industries, etc.

Hence to overcome this, a project of power generation and recycling of water by simple and natural methods is designed.

The recycling of water can also be done with the generated power where the large amount of power is generated.

Methodology

The principle applied in this case is the conversion of Mechanical energy into Electrical energy. To implement this idea we should have the following requirement with block diagram.

In daily life there is need of power for each and every task. But the availability of power is less than requirement.

In the above block diagram hydraulic energy is converted into electric energy. The water is pumped to the overhead tank many times a day at homes. In case of factories, multistoried buildings pumping of water may be even more. When the water is pumped to the tank there will be kinetic energy and the pressure energy which is present in the moving water and this is used for running the micro turbines.

When the water flows through the blades of the turbines the rotor of the turbine rotates causing the shaft to rotate in turn. As the shaft of the turbine is connected to the generator shaft, it rotates with the same RPM as the turbine. By this it is possible to generate the power in terms of milli watts. In case high power, connect the output of the dc generator to a battery which can be charged every time when the turbine rotates. When the battery is fully charged it can be used lighting, running fans, refrigerators etc.

Apart from the generation of power, this project also includes GSM modem, microcontroller and level sensors. GSM modem can used to communicate with


the remote user. It is used to control the motor and it also sends messages about the motor status to the user.

Motor can be turned ON by sending the message to GSM modem. Before turning the motor ON microcontroller check the sump levels using the sump level sensors. If the sump is empty motor will be in OFF condition and user gets the message “sump empty”. This is made to take care of motor health. If the sump is full then the motor is turned ON and as explained earlier power can be generated.

The overflow of water is prevented by turning the motor OFF automatically as soon as tank is full. This is done when the level sensors detect the tank level.

When the message “MOTOR ON” is sent to the GSM modem it checks the levels of the sump. In case the sump is empty, the remote user receives the message “SUMP EMPTY”. If the sump is full then the motor is turned ON and the remote user gets the message “MOTOR IS ON”.

When the motor is turned on it pumps the water from sump to the overhead tank. The turbines are implemented both at the inlet and outlet path of the tank. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is a combination of kinetic energy and pressure energy which makes the turbine blades to rotate. The turbine transforms the hydraulic power of flowing water to mechanical rotating shaft power. As the turbine shaft is connected to dc generator shaft it converts the rotating shaft power to dc electric current. This is given as input to LED.

Recycling part also included in two steps namely filtration and chemical treatment.

MECHANICAL DESIGN

Fig 1: Turbine rotation during water flow Condition.

Fig 2: Turbine

Results & Conclusion

The first issue is achieved with the Micro Turbine Connected to Pipes running from Sump to Tank. The power generated (Micro Level) by this method can be used for small purposes like charging of mobile phones, to glow LED etc.

In case if it is required to have high power, with the use of Amplifier, the power generated can be stored in the battery and can be used for various purposes.

The second issue is achieved with the GSM and sensors which is interfaced with Motor.

Water level is continuously checked by level sensors and with the help of GSM; Motor is turned ON/OFF

The third issue is achieved with the simple filtration technique at Sump and Tank .


More useful for the multistorage buildings and apartments where a large amount of power can be generated.

In industries where continues flow of liquid will be there.

The power generated can be stored and used for charging mobiles, glowing LED from charged battery in homes.


TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

166. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS WET TRANSFER PRINTING MACHINE FOR PRINTING NATURAL FIBRE FABRICS USING ECO-FRIENDLY NATURAL DYES

COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : DR. K. MURUGESH BABU STUDENTS : ARUNA S. NAGANGOUDAR HARISH KUMAR N. MANJEERA MANNE SHAILESH S.

Objectives

To Design and Develop a Continuous Transfer Printing machine for Small Scale industry.

Utilization of Natural dyes for printing on Natural fibre fabrics.

To develop a new product using Natural dye on Natural Fibre Fabrics such as Cotton and Silk.

To optimize the printing recipe for transfer paper using eco-friendly natural dyes 3 varieties of dyes)

To optimize the printing process parameters such as temperature, pressure, speed etc., for satisfactory results

To test the printed fabric for their printing efficiency such as fastness, fixation etc.

Wet or Migration transfer

Suitable for natural fibers like cotton, wool and silk with natural and reactive dyes. Our project aims at printing cotton fabrics using eco-friendly natural dyes and thus this method of printing is dealt in detail.

Figure : Mechanism of Wet Transfer Printing

Dye transfer process

The mechanism suggested for wet transfer printing is that, during the heat treatment water in the fabric gets converted into stream which diffuses up and condenses on the paper. The dye on the paper dissolves in the condensed water and the dye solution returns to the fabric in the form of the design. This cycle continues until all the water from the fabric is evaporated.

The principle behind wet transfer processes is the use of water as the medium through which dye diffuses in passing from the paper to the fabric. Thus it resembles sublimation transfer printing in that it is a diffusion-controlled system, but since water is used instead of vapour it is not restricted to the use of dyes that can sublime. The method is not highly productive but is quite suited for the printing of high-value articles such as knitted woolen garments, especially when novel design effects are obtained at the same time.

Transfer Printing: Deviation from the conventional process

An attempt has been made in present study to reverse the process by keeping the transfer paper and fabric in the same manner but heat and pressure is applied from bottom and top respectively.

Mechanism of Transfer of Print from Paper to Fabric in Conventional and Unconventional Method

The above figure shows the mechanism involved in the transfer of print from the paper on to the fabric by both conventional and unconventional method of transfer printing technique. In conventional method transfer paper is placed on the fabric and then heat and pressure is applied above the transfer paper to ensure effective transfer of print on to the fabric from the transfer paper surface. In unconventional method the transfer paper and fabric is placed in the same manner as in case of conventional method but heat is applied underneath the fabric and pressure is applied on the top of the transfer paper.

Applications

The process developed ensures continuous transfer printing of natural as well as synthetic fibre fabrics.


Excellent control over heat and pressure results in optimum colour transfer.

The machine developed enable versatile printing techniques.

High quality Prints on cellulosic, protein and synthetic fabrics and can be obtained.

Printed paper can be stored and reused whenever required. This results in saving of time and cost of printing. Quick delivery schedules can be met.

Ensures better control over speed of the machine to print variety of fabrics using different classes of dyes.

Continuous Wet Transfer Printing Machine

(Natural Dye) Cotton sample Printed with AMAZON Dye

(Synthetic Dye) Sample Printed with REACTIVE HE3R Dye

Conclusions

The project work carried out has resulted in a miniature module for printing natural fibre fabrics such as cotton and silk using natural and synthetic dyes.

The concept is a novel idea for printing the natural fabrics using wet transfer printing technique with eco-friendly dyes and chemicals.

The machine so designed and fabricated yields in ease of printing of cotton and silk fabrics with optimum pressure, temperature and time.

The transferability of the print from the paper on to the fabric is maximum between 600 and 800 C, but however above 90% transferability can be obtained for silk fabric even at 400 C.

The both cotton and silk printed fabrics exhibited excellent fastness towards washing, rubbing and light.

-ooOoo-


KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012

List of projects selected for “PROJECT OF THE YEAR” award during the Seminar and Exhibition of Student Projects – 33rd SERIES: 2009-10

held on 6th and 7th August 2010 at SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

BEST COLLEGE OF THE YEAR 2009-10 : 33RD SERIES OF SPP PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET, BELLARY

BEST PROJECTS OF THE YEAR (Seminar)

1. AGROBACTERIUM TUMIFACIENS MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF ARACHIS HYPOGAEA (GROUNDNUT)

COLLEGE : R.V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE. DEPARTMENT : BIOTECHNOLOGY. GUIDE : DR. NAGASHREE N. RAO. STUDENTS : PRIYA JACOB SHERJIL BOLAR NISHA GUPTA

2. SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS: A NEW HOPE FOR ANTITUMOR PROPERTY

COLLEGE : B. V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI DEPARTMENT : BIOTECHNOLOGY GUIDE : MRS. SAVITHA S. DESAI STUDENTS : KIRTI PHADKE RITA METRANI SONAM VANTAMURI VARUNI GINIGERI

3. ANN MODELLING FOR PREDICTION OF STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

COLLEGE : K.L.E. SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM. DEPARTMENT : CIVIL ENGINEERING GUIDE : DR. RAJKUMAR V. RAIKAR PROF. V. D. GUNDAKALLE STUDENTS : LAXMI MALSHET VIKHYAT S. KATTI APURVA GAONKAR SADASHIVA G. AWATI


4. RETINAL AUTHENTICATION COLLEGE : HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM DEPARTMENT : COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GUIDE : MS. ARUNA A. DAPTARDAR STUDENTS : VIJAY PRAKASH SHETTY SHIVALEELA ANAND MAHAJAN

5. REAL TIME AUTOMATIC LICENSE PLATE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM

COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. TUMKUR. DEPARTMENT : ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. GUIDE : Dr. R SRIKANTASWAMY STUDENTS : ARJUN G. ARJUN MAKAM T. V. SOWMYA M. V. VIMARSH GOWDA M. K.

6. FOLDABLE HELMET COLLEGE : SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR DEPARTMENT : MECHANICALENGINEERING. GUIDE : DR. C. R. RAJASHEKAR STUDENTS : BASAVARAJU N. C. MANOJ R. NARAYANA SWAMY G. MANISH N.

7. TREATMENT OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS AND NUTRIENTS OF DOMESTIC AND DAIRY EFFLUENT USING SBBR TECHNIQUE

COLLEGE : VIDYAVARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE DEPARTMENT : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GUIDE : ROOPA PRIYA J. K. STUDENTS : SOWMYA M. N. MAHESH KUMAR M. SHALINI S.

8. STUDY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AIT CAMPUS BY ENERGY AUDIT

COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING GUIDE : MRS. A. M. LEELA MR. B. H. KRUPAL STUDENTS : SHILPA R. M. VARSHA G. V. SHWETHA C. RAJINIKANTH H. S.


BEST PROJECTS OF THE YEAR (Exhibit)

9. STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF BENDABLE CONCRETE COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHICKMAGALUR. DEPARTMENT : CIVIL ENGINEERING GUIDE : MR. M. RAMEGOWDA STUDENTS : SOMASHEKAR N. SANDEEP V. S. UMADEVI C. V. MADHU K. S.

10. WIKIPEDIA COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET DEPARTMENT : COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GUIDE : MS. MANJULA S. D. STUDENTS : RATNA PRABHA P. MOHAMMED MOHIUDDIN CHANDRASHEKHAR I.

11. IMPROVEMENT IN THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LOW COST FILAMENT WINDING MACHINE

COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDE : DR. K.SABEEL AHMED STUDENTS : ASLAM S MOHAMMED ALI MOHAMMED ALEEM JITIN PRAKASH

12. POWER GENERATION BY NON-CONVENTIONAL METHODS COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET, BELLARY DEPARTMENT : INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY GUIDE : DR. SAVITA SONOLI STUDENTS : JAYAPRIYA TUKARAM V. SHASHIKALA H. PATIL SWETHA SHYAVI PRAKASH M. MULLUR

13. GLUCK MASCOTT EN FISICAS (VEHICLE FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED)

COLLEGE : SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANGALORE DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING GUIDE : PRADEEP B. JYOTI STUDENTS : AMRUTH P. V. GOWTHAM N.G. CHANDAN V.


14. NECK MOVEMENT OPERATED WHEEL CHAIR FOR QUADRIPLEGIA COLLEGE : K.L.E. SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM DEPARTMENT : ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING GUIDE : PROF.HANSRAJ GUHILOT STUDENTS : PRAVEEN H SHIPRI SUMMAIYA YASMEEN RAKESH KAMBLE

15. MASTER-SLAVE ROBOTIC ARM USING MICROCONTROLLERS COLLEGE : KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM DEPARTMENT : ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING GUIDE : PROF. ROOPA R. KULKARNI. STUDENTS : ABHISHEK LATTHE ANUJ KULKARNI DIGVIJAY DESAI PRATIK SOMANGOUDAR

16. AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF WATER SUPPLY AND STREET LIGHTING USING PLC.

COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING GUIDE : PROF.P. M. CHANDRASHEKARAIAH STUDENTS : KIRAN KUMAR T. R. UMASHANKAR T. P. MOHAN KUMAR G. S. PRADEEP N.

17. BEVERAGE VENDING MACHINE COLLEGE : CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR DEPARTMENT : ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING GUIDE : DR. D. S. SURESH KUMAR STUDENTS : BALAJI V. LOHITH S. ANIL KUMAR S. YOGISHA V. P.

To know more about Student Project Programme (SPP), please visit our website www.kscst.iisc.ernet.in/spp.html or www.kscst.org.in/spp.html

34th Series : SPP : KSCST : 2010-11

223

KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012

Student Projects Sanctioned under 34th Series (2010-2011)

1. ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE Sl. No.

PROPOSAL NUMBER

TITLE OF THE PROJECT BRANCH NAME OF THE GUIDE/S STUDENT1 AND OTHERS

1. 34S0886 ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED


MR. NATARAJU A B BHAVYA RANI V K

2. 34S0887 VOICE ACTIVATED WHEEL CHAIR FOR DISABLED


MRS.A. SHOBHA RANI SUMALATHA

2. ACHARYA POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE

3. 34S0362 INTELLIGENT AUDITORIUM AND THEATER STAGE CONTROL


SHOBHA B. ANKIT CHOUDHARY

3. ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR 4. 34S0459 STUDY OF HARDENED PROPERTIES OF

BENDABLE CONCRETE CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. M. RAMEGOWDA SOWMYA C.

5. 34S0460 DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR OF PAPERCRETE CONCRETE

CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. M. RAMEGOWDA SANDEEP G. T.

6. 34S0440 DETECTION OF ALIVE HUMAN BEINGS IN DISASTERS


MS. SUNITHA M. R. RAMYASHREE D. H.

7. 34S0441 A PARALLEL APPROACH TO VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE CHARACTER RECOGNITION


MR. C. M. PRASHANTH AND DR. SURAJ M.G.

GOWRAVI S.



PROF. A. M. LEELA AND MR. B. H. KRUPAL

NANDINI H. K.

9. 34S0815 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMCIVU FOR MONITORING PERSONAL HEALTH & CONTROLLING THE VEHICLE AND REMOTE INORMATION SYSTEM ON DRIVE


MR. N. P. SRINIVASA MADHURI B.M

10. 34S0817 CONTROLE OF HOME APPLIANCES USING EMBEDDED WEB SERVER


MR. ANIL KUMAR CALVIN ROYSTON MASCARENCHAS

11. 34S0463 STUDIES ON THE STATUS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CHIKMAGALUR CITY


MR. SHIJU EASO JOHN AND MR. KIRAN B. M.

DIVYA H. D.

12. 34S0465 GROUND COUPLED CLOSED CYCLE HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING SYSTEM


PROF. B. N. RAMESH ABHISHEK H. B.



SUCHITH KUMAR M. T. KULDEEP B.

14. 34S0458 APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES IN LAND FORM PATTERNS AND HYDROLOGY FOR CHIKMAGALUR DISTRICT

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. GOVINDE GOWDA AND CHANDRE GOWDA

PRINCY QUEENI PAIS

4. BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BELLARY


BIOTECHNOLOGY BADRUNISSA S. V. SANTOSHI


224

16. 34S0055 STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF SCREENED PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

BIOTECHNOLOGY BADRUNISSA S. DODDABASAVARAJ

5. BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

Sl. No.

PROPOSAL NUMBER


17. 34S0615 CORRECTION OF HEMIPLEGIC DROP FOOT BY USING VERSATILE DROP FOOT STIMULATOR

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING MR.SHIAKUMAR M. & SHUBHA.V.PATEL

ARUN KUMAR P.

18. 34S0616 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MEASUREMENT AND ASSESMENT

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING MR.ANAJANEYA L.H. & MS.MUBINABI F.D.

VEERENDRA T.M.

19. 34S0005 PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM BEETROOTS

BIOTECHNOLOGY MR. MANJUNATH N.S. AND MR. VASUDEVA NAYAKA K.B.L

ANUPAMA KRISHNAMURTHY


CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DR.S.SHANMUKHAPPA & DR.B.M.KULKARNI

NEHA RANI

21. 34S0946 STUDY ON THE STATUS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE , BIOMEDICAL WASTE, PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND INVENTORIZATION IN DAVANGERE DISTRICT

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DR. G. P. DESAI & DR. H. B. ARAVINDA

PARIKSHIT PARMAR

22. 34S0613 REAL TIME MONITORING AND CONTROL OF REMOTE SYSTEMS USING ZIGBEE BASED WSNs


SRI.G.K.AVINASH SUPREETHA N.J.

23. 34S0614 ROTATING LED MESSAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM


PROF. K.M.CHANDRASEKHARAIAH

SUDHIR D.

24. 34S0792 MOBILE TELEMEDICINE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SMT. BHAGYA SHANTHAKUMAR

JYOTI P. KURER

25. 34S0793 WI-FI PEN DRIVE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SMT. Y R RADHIKA PRIYA RAADHIKA K

26. 34S0794 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL WITH VISITOR COUNTER


MR. K M PRAKASH DIVYA M G


TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY DR.K.MURUGESH BABU ARUNA.S.NAGANAGOUDAR

28. 34S0998 ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND ITS MAPPING USING RS AND GIS AS TOOL IN PARTS OF JAGALUR TALUK OF DAVANAGERE DISTRICT (PHASE-II)

CIVIL ENGINEERING S. A. GANGARAJU AND DR. S. MANJAPPA

ROHIT J. U.

6. BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BAGALKOT

29. 34S0241 SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF AGRO-WASTE FOR INDUSTRIAL LIPASE PRODUCTION

BIOTECHNOLOGY PREMJYOTI C.P. ANUSUYA PATIL

30. 34S1014 BIOMEDICAL AND PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BAGALKOT DISTRICT – A CASE STUDY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. C. B. SHIVAYOGIMATH AND PROF. B. R. HIREMATH

PRAMOD PATTAR

31. 34S1015 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BAGALKOT DISTRICT – A CASE STUDY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. C. B. SHIVAYOGIMATH AND PROF. B. R. HIREMATH

BHUVANESHWARI B. CHITAPUR

32. 34S0243 COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR COUNTING AND WEIGHING OF CEMENT BAGS IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES


S. M. PHARSHIYAWAR VENKTESH V BOCHGERI

33. 34S0204 COTTON EXTRACTOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DR. V.R. KABADI, DR. S.N. KURBET

ANUSHA YARLAGADDA


225

34. 34S0233 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOT ARM FOR BOREWELL RESCUE SYSTEM


DR. S. N. KURBET, PROF. V.V. KUPAST

NEELAPPA V. BINGI

35. 34S0236 A STUDY ON EFFECT OF DOUBLE CONVEX LENS PARAMETERS ON SOLAR ENERGY HEATING


PROF. V.V. KUPPAST NAVEEN R. SHIRUR

7. BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANDYA 36. 34S0322 IMAGE FEATURES EXTRACTION OF

TOBACCO LEAVES INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

HARSHAVARDHAN L. AKSHATA R

8. BLDEA'S VACHANA PITAMAHA DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR

37. 34S0484 MULTI BODY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL GEAR BOX OF AN AUTOMOBILE

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

PROF. IRESH G. BHAVI MAYUR V. KERIMATH

38. 34S0469 ELECTRONIC TALKING STICK FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED


PROF. S. R. PUROHIT PALLAVI A. DESHPANDE

39. 34S0470 BIPED ROBOT ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MR. M. N. PATIL HRISHIKESH PATIL

40. 34S0471 DESIGN AND ANALOG VLSI IMPLEMENTION OF NEURAL NETWORK


PROF. BAPURAY D. Y. VADIRAJ R. GURUNAIK

41. 34S0486 ACTION CALENDER INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MS. DANESHWARI A. NOOLA

KAUSHIK PATIDAR

42. 34S0487 ENHANCED STEGANOGRAPHIC SCHEME FOR GRAY-LEVEL IMAGES USING DUAL COVER IMAGES


NAGARAJ DHARWADKAR AND SUPRIYA KULKARNI

SWETA KULKARNI

43. 34S0481 DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF TWO STROKE SI ENGINE UNDER VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO


PROF. P. V. MALAJI MANJUNATH C. SAMBANNI



DR. V. V. KATTI RAVINDRA KONDAGULI

9. BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE 45. 34S0621 MAPPING OF DO ALONG

VRISHABHAVATHI RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. K. R. SURESH JYOTHSNA AMRITH

46. 34S1007 SOME STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. S. GIRISH B. N. PRIYANKA

10. BV BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI 47. 34S0036 COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF

CELLULASE FROM A NOVEL MICROORGANISM

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROF. V. S. HOMBALIMATH

HEMA

48. 34S0768 WINDS-WIRELESS INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM


PROF.VIDYA HANDUR APOORVA L

49. 34S0786 VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEM IN FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICAL


DR. UMA MUDENAGUDI ANUSHA PAPLE



PROF. SUJATA KOTABAGI & PROF. ROHINI KORTI

HUSENABI G,



CHETAN ANAND MEGHA DALVI

11. CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANTWAL TQ, DAKSHINA KANNADA Sl. No.

PROPOSAL NUMBER


52. 34S0503 ALL IN ONE SMART CARD COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MS. SANGEETA SRINIVAS

ISHWARCHANDRA B.


226

53. 34S0496 WATERSHED SEGMENTATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISK AND SPINAL CANAL FROM MRI IMAGES


MR. SUBRAMANYA BHAT VISHWAJITH MALLYA U.

54. 34S0497 DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PORTABLE TELEMEDICINE FOR HIGH RISK CARDIAC PATIENTS


MR. GURUPRASAD ULLAL

SUNIL KINI

55. 34S0501 BUDGET MONITOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

NAYAK RAMESH SUNDER

SUSHMA BALIGA B.

56. 34S0493 BATTERY DRIVEN HAND CART MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MR. NIRANJAN RAI RAKSHITH KUMAR B.

57. 34S0494 HYDRAULIC ACTUATION OF VALVES (HAV) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SANDESH KAMATH SHYAM K. M.

12. CHANNABASAVESHWARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUBBI, TUMKUR

58. .

34S0048 FINGERPRINT BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE


K. S. BASAVARAJU CHANDRASHEKAR K. V.

59. .

34S0049 AUTOMATED SOIL TESTING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE


K. V. JYOTHI PRAKASH RICHI NIXON V.

13. COLLEGE OF FORESTRY, SIRSI

60. 34S1005 TRICHODERMA GENETIC RESOURCE MAPPING IN DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES OF SIRSI DIVISION OF CANARA CIRCLE

FOREST BIOLOGY AND TREE IMPROVEMENT

DR. V. SURYANARAYANA ANAND S. TELKAR

14. DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE


CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROF. SURESH C. MAIDARGI

BIPIN V. ANGADI

62. 34S0030 PREPARATION OF NANO FIBERS AND STUDY OF ITS APPLICATIONS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROF. SURESH C. MAIDARGI

VAISHNAVI KATHAVI

63. 34S0431 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF NORMAL BITUMEN AND BLENDED BITUMEN FOR FLEXIBLE BITIMEN

CIVIL ENGINEERING DHANANJAYA A. S. KISHORE KUMAR

64. 34S0961 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY FROM FOOD WASTE

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. LAKSHMI C. RUCHIR A J

65. 34S0962 EFECT OF PRISM HEIGHT ON MASONARY STRENGH

CIVIL ENGINEERING MRS. JYOTI T K ANUSHA S G


CIVIL ENGINEERING MRS.JYOTHI T K ARUN D

67. 34S0599 AUTOMATIC LOCALIZATION OF BACKWARD COLLISION OF VEHICLES USING A CAMERA


DR. C. NANDINI GAJESH K. R.

68. 34S0040 MEMS BASED PLASTICITY METER FOR MEASURE THE PLASTICITY IN RUBBER


SANTHOSH K. V. KSHITHIJA SUDHAKAR

69. 34S0041 ONLINE DENSITY AND PH MEASURE IN A MILK INDUSTRY


SANTHOSH K. V. ANUSHA K. N.

70. 34S0598 SIX LEGGED WALKING ROBOT FOR DISABLED PEOPLE


DR. BHASKAR PAL SUJITH KUMAR APPASAHEB NAIK

15. GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, RAMANAGARAM

71. .

34S0181 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COMPOSITE STEEL COLUMNS (CSCs) SUBJECTED TO MONOTONIC LOADING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. N. S. KUMAR DARSHAN M.K.

72. .

34S0183 ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AT SELECTED LOCATIONS IN RAMANAGARAM

CIVIL ENGINEERING UMME HAMIDA BASAVARAJU A


227

16. GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE


CIVIL ENGINEERING BHARATHI GANESH HARISH C.

74. 34S0941 DESIGN AND ECONOMICAL PERFORMANCE OF GRAY WATER TREATMENT UNIT

CIVIL ENGINEERING SMT. SAI DARSHAN T. R CHETAN S GOWDA

75. 34S1006 ALTERNATE USES OF ARECA NUT HUSK IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS


MR. C. R. PRAKASH RAO ROHIT A. J.

17. GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

76. 34S0090 SMART PUBLICITE (A MOBILE TOURIST GUIDE AND LOCATION BASED ADVERTISING SYSTEM)


MANJULA K, ASHWINI T.G.

RASHMI G.C.

77. 34S0108 ARM BASED PEN DRIVE TO PEN DRIVE DATA IMAGING


MANJULA B.K., AKSHAYA H.M.

SURESHCHANDRAN D.

78. 34S0142 LEVEL MONITORING AND LIQUID FLOW CONTROL FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING PLANT


LATA S.H, SHRUTHI H. PAVAN KUMAR T.

79. 34S0737 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF TOMATO SEED EXTRACTOR


MR.SURESH BABU S.U. PRAMOD M.N.

80. 34S0738 CONVERSION OF ECO-UNFRIENDLY PLASTICS INTO FUEL


MR.BASAVARAJAPPA D.N.

MANISH B.LALSANGI

18. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN

81. 34S0146 PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIX USING WASTE PLASTIC

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. B. V. KIRANKUMAR SUNIL S.

82. 34S0947 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER IN ARASIKIRE TALUK, HASSAN

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. PRASHANTH SHRUTHI B. R.

83. 34S0318 BABY INCUBATOR ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SRIKANTH G.K. ACHAL G. GOWDA

84. 34S0207 PORTABLE GROUNDNUT STRIPPER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROF. NAGARAJA BHANUPRAKASH H.S.

19. GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, MYSORE Sl. No.

PROPOSAL NUMBER


85. 34S0054 AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY WARNING IN TRAFFIC SYSTEM


RAGHUNANDAN B. AKHILA G. NAIK

86. 34S0113 REMOTE CONTROLLED REALTIME CLOCK WITH DEVICE CONTROLLER


SMRUTHI R.K. AMRUTHA



SIDDALINGAPPA, MAHALAKSHMI M.N.

CHAITRA S.

20. HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM

88. 34S0753 BINRANK COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROF.DEEPAK P. DIXIT RAJANIGANDHA BENAKE

89. 34S0378 IMPEDANCE SOURCE INVERTER BASED HIGH POWER DC/DC CONVERTER FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS


O.B. HEDDURSHETTI JYOTI M. MUDAKAPPAGOL



S. B. PATIL IMAM HUSEN MOMIN


228

91. 34S0836 AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

PROF. V B DHERE GODAVARI I. PATTANASHETTI

92. 34S0953 MULTI UTILITY BRAKE PEDAL FOR JACKING & LOCKING OF WHEELS


PROF. P. B. CHOUDRI VINAYAK H. MARADI

93. 34S0957 BELT TYPE OIL SKIMMER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROF. S. N. TOPANNAVAR

AMIT Y. PANSARE

94. 34S0948 ZERO EMISION MACHINE -ZEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SHRI. D. N. INAMDAR AJAY PRABHAKAR MURGOD

21. HKE'S PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, GULBARGA

95. 34S0068 FLEXURAL FATIGUE STUDIES ON HVFA CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE BEAMS UNDER COMPOUND FATIGUE LOADING

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. AB. B. HARWALKAR

MD. IRFANULLAH

96. 34S0069 COST OPTIMIZATION OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. SURESH G. PATIL AJAY SINGH

97. 34S0290 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. RAJENDRAKUMAR HARSOOR

MD. RIHAN MAAZ

98. 34S0080 MICROCONTROLLER BASED LOW COST RECTIFIERS TRAINING MODEL FOR POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY


PROF. MAHADEVI BIRADAR

ANIL KUMAR SIMPI

99. 34S0071 EYE BALL MOVEMENT SENSOR BASED AUTOMATIC WHEEL CHAIR MOVEMENT FOR PARALYZED PATIENTS


PROF. SUDHEER PATIL DEEPAK KUMAR M

100. 34S0073 AUTOMATED AMBULANCE DETECTION AND GATE CONTROL WITH AUTO TRAFFIC CONTROL AND IMPACT SENSOR


PROF. G. M. PATIL PREETI M. K.

101. 34S0075 MICROCONTROLLER BASED INTELLIGENT BRAKING SYSTEM


PROF. RAJANNA C. GIRADDI

ADITI CHETAN DOSHI

102. 34S0077 A SIMPLE CAPACITIVE SECURITY CARD SYSTEM


PROF. SANJAY KUMAR MAKAL

MANJU K PAWAR

22. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHIMOGA

103. 34S0627 FOOT OPERATED SUGARCANE SEED SCOOPING MACHINE


DR.D.S.RAMAKRISHNA RAVITEJA S.

104. 34S0639 DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL PURPOSE LOW VELOCITY IMPACT TEST RIG


MR.S.J.AMITH KUMAR AJIT BHAT B

105. 34S0640 DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF SUN BIKE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DR.L.K.SREEPATHI PAVAN KUMAR S.

106. 34S0631 AUTOMATED FOOD CHAMBER CONTROL SYSTEM


MRS.ASHWINI S.R. CHAITANYA V GOUDAR

107. 34S0629 EFFECT ON HIGH RISE STRUCTURE DUE TO ADJACENT VERTICAL OPENING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR.A.V.PRADEEP KUMAR

KIRAN .S

23. JNANA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BIDADI

108. 34S0383 NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

NAGESHKUMAR M. LAKSHMI G.

24. JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE

109. 34S0017 GO-GREEN TICKETING SYSTEM COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROF. V. N. KAMALESH CHANDAN B. K.

110. 34S0019 PREPAID ELECTRICITY BILLING SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY


PROF. A. A. SHOLAPUR DIVYA L. NARAYAN


229

25. KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR



BASAVARAJ GANIGER THEERTHKUMAR G

26. KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM

112. 34S0176 WIRELESS STETHOSCOPE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

PROF. S.R. HIREMATH MARIA JOSEPH

113. 34S0178 LOW COST EKG PULSOMETER BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

PROF. RAVIRAJ HAVALDAR MAYOLLA DIAS

114. 34S0180 EASE - CAPSENSE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER


PROF. KEERTI NAREGAL CHETANA PATIL

115. 34S0093 REMOVAL OF ARSENIC BY PHYTOREMEDIATION

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING S. N. HOSAMANE GOURI GHEWARI


CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SHILPA U. MUTALIKDESAI, ANITA SHINDE, SAVITA KARAGANVI

KISHAN ANAVEKAR

117. 34S0321 REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY ADSORPTION USING BUTEA MONOSPERMA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROF. SANTOSH A KADAPURE

SHRUTI N. PATIL

118. 34S0338 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM WASTE PRODUCT ON CONCRETE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NANDINI M. NAIK SUPRIYA M. NIRMALKAR

119. 34S0844 MANEGEMENT OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN BELGAUM DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. RAVIKIRAN B. GADAG ANAND HULAGABALI

120. 34S0280 SECURITY SERVEILLANCE USING MOTION DETECTION


PROF. SHIVANAND CHENNI MITHUN D.K.

27. KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY, UDYAMBAG, BELGAUM

121. 34S0805 A REAL TIME WIRELESS BASED INFORMATION DELIVERY FOR FARMING COMMUNITY


SHRI. S. S. SANNAKKI CHETAK HUDDAR

122. 34S0806 ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION


PROF.GAJENDRA C. DESHPANDE

GOURAV ANVEKAR

123. 34S0799 DIGITAL WRITING INSTRUMENT USING MEMS MOTION TECHNOLOGY


MRS.A. S. AWATI NANDINI KULKARNI

28. KLS'S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALIYAL, UTTARA KANNADA

124. 34S0263 HEAD MOVEMENT BASED VOICE ENABLED WIRELESS DEVICE SWITCHING FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED


PROF. PRASANNA D. KULKARNI

NAVEED ANJUM KHAN JAHAGIRDAR

125. 34S0881 AUTOMIZATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY SYSTEM USING GSM


MR. PRASANNA KULKARNI

SURAJ KADLI

29. KNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

126. 34S0033 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MS. KAVITHA A. SANGEETHA H.

30. KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SULLIA



NAGARAJA N.S. PRADYUMNA K KANMMARDI


230

31. MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MYSORE

128. 34S0329 FAST IP REROUTING ENGINE INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DR. S. K. NIRANJAN SHRUTHI R.

32. MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN

129. 34S1016 STATUS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, BIOMEDICAL WASTE AND PLASTIC MANAGEMENT AND INVENTORIZATION IN HASSAN TOWN

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. K. S. JAYANTHA JEEVITHA T. P.

130. 34S0104 U-RADIO, A TCP/IP BASED RADIO FOR DATA BROADCASTING


SUJATHA B.R. NISHANTH CHANDRA

131. 34S0323 DUD DETECTOR INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Y. ARUN KUMAR ABHINAND A.S.

132. 34S0325 VOICE CONTROLLED ELECTRIC WHEEL CHAIR


B. N. PRASANNA KUMAR BHASKAR H.

133. 34S0885 PORT FUEL INJECTION IN 2 STROCK S I ENGINES


MR. G C GOPALAKRISHNA

GANESH PRASAD

33. MARATHA MANDAL'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELGAUM

134. 34S0853 MULTI- MODEL INTERFACES FOR INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HEARING AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS


PROF. SUHAS GAJANAN MAHESH G. PATIL

135. 34S0845 NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR BLIND PEOPLE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MS. SANDHYA B PRIYANKA V PAVASHE

136. 34S0846 WIRELESS MICROCONTROLLER BASED BLACK BOX FOR CAR


PROF. R M NILAJKAR ABHIJEET V SAVANT

137. 34S0849 VOICE RECOGNISATION AND ACCELEROMETER BASED WHEELCHAIR


PROF. A. M. GHORPADE MAHAVIR TERAIYA

138. 34S0851 PROGRAMMABLE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

PROF.S. S. BEVOOR NILESH DESAI

139. 34S0852 ROBOTIC SOLDIER ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

PROF. MR. GOWARISH HEGDE

AMAR HEREKAR

140. 34S0862 SUNFLOWER SEED AND OIL EXATRACTOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROF. B. J. PATIL NILESH S JADHAV

34. MS RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE


BIOTECHNOLOGY DR. CHANDRA PRABHA RASHMI RAO B.

142. 34S0260 EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES FOR ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY BACILLUS LATEROSPORUS

BIOTECHNOLOGY S. MOHANDAS BHAT SHWETA S.K.

143. 34S0035 BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF GROUND WATER USING SAW DUST AS CARBON SOURCE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DR. ARCHNA BHAVYA V.

144. 34S0933 DRISHTI - ELECTRONIC AID FOR BLIND ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MR. C. G. RAGHAVENDRA SIDDALINGESH TENGINAKAI

145. 34S0020 SMART IRRIGATION INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

PROF. A. RAMACHANDRAN

SOMNATH MANDAL



MR. J. V. ALAMELU AVINASH S.


231

147. 34S0905 FARBOT (FARMER ROBOT )AN AGRICULTURE ROBOT, WHICH DOES AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES LIKE PLOUGHING, SEED SOWING AND LEVELLING OF LAND


MRS. M K PUSHPA ANUSHA C.

35. NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DEVANHALLI TQ, BANGALORE

148. 34S0382 A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FASTER BIODIESEL PRODUCTION


PROF. N. KAPILAN ABHISHEK KUMAR

36. NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

149. 34S0624 DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF DIESEL HYBRID ENGINE


PROF. KIRAN AITHAL S. PRAMOD SHENOY

150. 34S1011 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DUAL FUEL SIX STROKE DIESEL ENGINES


MR. BALARAMAN E. RAGHU B. M.

151. 34S1012 KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR TWO WHEELERS


MR. BALARAMAN E. APPANNA N. K.

37. NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE


BIOTECHNOLOGY MR. VENKATESH KAMATH H.

GAUTHAMI R. SHETTY

153. 34S0418 MOBILE CLIENT FOR A HOME MEDIA SERVER (PC)


DR. NIRANJAN C CHIPLUNKAR

ANUDEEP J

154. 34S0419 DOCUMENT TEXT EXTRACTION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGES


ROSHAN FERNANDES SHODHAN S.

155. 34S0422 WIRELESS HAND MOUSE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OLIVIA CASTELINO ABDUL GANI

156. 34S0415 Z SOURCE INVERTER FOR MOTOR DRIVES ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

RAGHAVENDRA RAO EKTHA SHETTY

157. 34S0416 AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DC-DC CONVERTERS WITH COUPLED INDUCTOR


RAGHAVENDRA RAO CHAITHRA L.

158. 34S0406 FAKE CURRENCY DETECTOR WITH SECURITY ALERT


PROF. DURGAPRASAD PRAMODHA S.E.

159. 34S0402 VIRTUAL COLLEGE INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DEVIDAS BHAT RAJENDRA H.N.

160. 34S0403 DYSLEXIONARY INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PRAGATHI HEGDE SUDHIR YADAV

161. 34S0813 BREAD PACKING MACHINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MR. NARASIMHA MARAKALA

U. PATHEEK MALLY



DR. MURALIDHARA NARASIMHA BHAT

38. PA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANGALORE

163. 34S0823 AUTONOMOUS SOLAR TRACKER ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

PROF. PRAKASH K SHETTY

GEERISHA

164. 34S0824 HANDHELD DEVICE FOR PRESENTATION SOFTWARE


MR.MUSTHAFA T. A MOHAMMED DANISH K

165. 34S0825 REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS


MRS. LITTIMOL MATHEW NISCHITHA KAMARI B

166. 34S0827 SRAM WITH MEMORY REDUNDANCY ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

PROF.JOSE ALEX MATHEW

SHAILESH B. ACHARYA


232

167. 34S0828 FUTURISTIC RF BASED VEHICLE DATABASE VERIFICATION AND SECURITY


MR. JITHENDRA. N. K. RAKSHANT R SHETTY

168. 34S0831 AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING ROAD LANE DETECTION


PROF. JOSE ALEX MATHEW

APOORVA HEGDE

169. 34S0644 GSM BASED SERICULTURE MARKETING AND CACCON SELECTION MECHANISAM


PROF.AZEEZ MUSTHAFA AFIYATH U.I

170. 34S0951 DROWSY DETECTOR TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROF. AMJAD KHAN ROSHAN ATTAVAR

39. PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SHIMOGA 171. 34S1008 AN APPROACH TO SLAM FOR INDOOR

ROBOTS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MR. RAGHAVENDRA K. AKSHAY S. MURTHY

172. 34S1013 ATM CODEX ACCESSING ATM REMOTELY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MR. NAGARAJASWAMY B. M.

MS. FARAHATH MULLA

173. 34S0109 DYNAMIC DOMINO LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN


PRAVEEN J. SEEMA M.G.

174. 34S0810 DATA AQUISATION (EMG) SYSTEM ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ANAND RAJ S. N ARPITHA K. G.

40. PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 175. 34S0934 AN ALTERNATIVE, INEXPENSIVE

STRATEGY FOR BETTER QUALITY YIELD OF SILK USING PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS

BIOTECHNOLOGY DR. MAULISHREE AGRAHARI

SYED MOIZ AHMED

41. PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET 176. 34S0548 FARMER'S BUDDY : A REAL TIME

WIRELESS PROJECT FOR FARMERS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROF. VASANTHAMMA G.

VASUDHENDRA BADAMI

177. 34S0557 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TINY WEB SERVER ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM


PROF. VIJAYA KUMAR A. V.

ARANIVIJAYALAKSHMI



PROF. S.M. SHASHIDHAR NIRANJAN M.



PROF. SUMANGALA PATIL

POMPAPATHI K.

180. 34S0528 NEW APPROACH TO QUANTIFICATION OF PRIVACY ON SOCIAL NETWORK SITES


PROF. RAMESH BYALI ANUSHA A. D.

181. 34S0529 CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING HMM


PROF. RAMESH BYALI MOHAN REDDY

182. 34S0530 SOA FOR CLOUD BASED TRAVEL RESERVATION SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE


PROF. PARVATI KADLI INDIRA DESAI

183. 34S0540 AGRICULTURAL ROBOT INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

PROF. SHILPA MEHTA KEERTI K. KANCHI

184. 34S0544 AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS USING HYBRID POWERS


DR. SAVITA SONALI SEEMA G.

185. 34S0532 AUTOMATION OF TWO WHEELER FACILITIES WITH GSM SECURITY SYSTEM


DR. SANJEEV REDDY K. H.

SHREYAS S. NAIK

42. RAO BAHADUR Y. MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BELLARY

186. 34S0883 HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED HOUSE

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

MR. M. B. MALIKARJUNA SIRISHA M.

187. 34S0761 AUTOMATIC FLOW CONTROLLER USING CCD CAMERA WITH OVERLOAD & EXPLOSIVE DETECTION


MR.KOTRESH.S MONIKA G. S.


233



MS.GIRIJA VANI MD KHAJA HASSAIN KS

189. 34S0577 REDUCTION OF EMISSION USING BI-METALIC PISTON IN CI ENGINES


HIREGOUDAR YERRENNAGOUDA

TEJESH M. PATIL

43. REVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

190. 34S0505 POWERLINE VOICE COMMUNICATION AND DEVICE CONTROL


MR. V. PRABHU SWAMY ABHISHEK DUTTAGUPTA

191. 34S0508 BATTLEBOT : THE DEFENCE SAFETY SYSTEM


PROF. R. C. BIRADAR TRIVENI S. V.

192. 34S0008 DEVELOPMENT OF HOT CORROSION RESISTANT HIGH VELOCITY OXY-FUEL CERMET COATINGS ON GAS TURBINE BLADE


DR. RAMESH M. R. AND N. JAGADEESWARAN

MOHAMED NASEEF

44. RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

193. 34S1001 DEVELOPMENT OF HOLLOW SOIL CEMENT BLOCKS FOR WALL CONSTRUCTION

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. K. S. JAGADISH AND MR. MANJUNATH S.

VINAYAKA N.

194. 34S1002 MASONRY DOMES IN THE FORM OF AN ELLIPSOID

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. K. S. JAGADISH AND MR. MANJUNATH S.

AVINASH DESHPANDE

45. SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE

195. 34S0397 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC LIGHT SEQUENCING USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION


AKHILA THEJASWI R. NITHIN H.L.

196. 34S0399 PSEUDO EYE FOR THE BLIND ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

DR. RAVIKUMAR SUPREETHA RAO

197. 34S0400 OCEOVISIO ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ASHWATH RAO MOHAMMED MUSTHAQ

46. SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE

198. 34S0189 HUMAN HANDS AND VOICE INTERPRETATION ROBOT WITH NAVIGATION


PUSHPAMALA S. PREMKUMAR B

199. 34S0190 WATER SPY - A SUBMARINE ROBOT ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ANU THOMAS SURAJ PAWAR

47. SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD

200. 34S0944 PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC MATERIAL (WHEAT STRAW, CALLIANDRA CALOTHYRSUS)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROF. S. Y. ADAGANTI RAJENDRA M.

201. 34S0926 WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR HUBLI-DHARWAD CITY – A CASE STUDY

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. S. G. JOSHI DAKSHA RAI

202. 34S0927 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUBLI - DHARWAD CITY

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. S. G. JOSHI APOORVA ANVEKAR

203. 34S0929 GESTURE BASED HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE USING ACCELEROMETERS


SRI. S. S. NAVALGUND BANESH K SHENVI

204. 34S0930 REAL TIME AUTOMATED MULTI STORIED VEHICLE PARKING WITH ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM


SRI. K. N. HOSUR RONALD JOSEPH

205. 34S0932 TRAIN TRACKING WITH LOCACTION DISPLAY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM


MR. S. V. VIRAKTAMATH RASIKA SURPALI



SHRI. S. R. DABOJI & SHRI. K. N. PATIL

SAMREET JOSHI


234

48. SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, UJIRE, DHARMASTALA

207. 34S0646 DIGITAL PWM CONTROLLER FOR A LOW-POWER SWITCHING CONVERTER


PROF.BASAVARAJ V.MADIGGOND

KARTIKA PAI

208. 34S0645 HUMAN FALL DETECTION ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MS.ASHA.C.S. RAJINI.B.T.

209. 34S0652 AUTOMATED RATION DISPENSER ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MRS.ASHA C.S. SHWETHA G.

49. SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ANEKAL

210. 34S0893 A MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING INSTANTANEOUS WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION USING JUDICIOUS INSTRUMENTATION


DR. B. SHADAKSHARAPPA

PRIYANKA C. G

211. 34S0898 BIO EDILIZIA ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MRS. R. GUNASEKARI & PROF. PRADEEP B. JYOTI

SPOORTHY M.

212. 34S0900 FUEL LESS MOBIKE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SHRI. PRADEEP B. JYOTI MANOHARA GH

213. 34S0895 WIRELESS INTELLIGENT TRAIN TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM


MR.C. SIVAPRAKASH SRIKANTH J.

214. 34S0897 BIO-SPECKLE ASSESSMENT OF BRUISING IN FRUITS


MR.C. SIVAPRAKASH AAKAASH SUMANTH

215. 34S0891 ENERGY MULTIPLIER USING MAGNET ARRANGEMENT


PROF. JAGADEESH H. N. RAVIKUMAR R.

50. SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR


BIOTECHNOLOGY DR. G. PANDURANGA MURTHY

NIRANJAN M. SURALIKERIMATH


BIOTECHNOLOGY DR. G. PANDURANGA MURTHY

ANUSHA KULKARNI


BIOTECHNOLOGY SADIQA MUSTAFA IPSEETA JENA

219. 34S0386 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TUMKUR URBAN AREA

BIOTECHNOLOGY DR. B. NAGARAJ, DR. N.B. KRISHNA MURTHY

YOGESH KUMAR G.R.

220. 34S0128 PHOTO VOLTAIC BATTERY POWERED DC BUS SYSTEM FOR COMMON PORTABLE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES


PROF. P. M. CHANDRASHEKARAIAH

GANGADHAR B.

221. 34S0130 AUTOMATED CONTROL OF RICE MILL DRIER SECTION USING PLC


PROF. B. S. SOMASHEKHARAIH

AMIT KUMAR



VARADARAJU H.R. PRIYA D'SOUZA

223. 34S0119 AUTOMATION USING EEG SIGNALS WITH MICROCONTROLLER


VARADARAJU H.R. BHARAT KUMAR MAHAJAN

51. SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR

224. 34S0919 IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON DIF-FERENCIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN MULTIPLE CANCER DISEASE USING MICROARRAY DATA ANALYSIS

BIOTECHNOLOGY MR. MANJUNATH DAMMALLI

MANISH KUMAR SINGH


235



MRS. G. R. SUMA VEENA T.

226. 34S0917 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF FLOW THROUGH BOX CULVERT AS CANAL OUTLET

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR.T. GANGADHARAIAH GURUDATH N

227. 34S0918 DETERMINATION OF FOUNDATION DEPTH (GRIP LENGTH) FOR BRIDGE PIERS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR.T. GANGADHARAIAH ROOPA R.

228. 34S1010 STUDY OF THE STATUS OF DRINKING WATER IN KODIGENAHALLI GRAM PANCHAYAT OF MADHUGIRI TALUK, TUMKUR DISTRICT USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. MUTTANA S. BALREDDY, DR. SGS SWAMY AND MR. U.T. VIJAY

ARIGHNA GHOSH



SMT. KIRANMAYI G R MANASA VEENA N



DR.SIDDESHWARA PRASAD V.

KAVYA M C

231. 34S0912 UNMANNED GUN CONTROL MECHANISM TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DR. K. VISWASNATH BHARATH KUMAR V



PROF. G. K. SURESH SHIVAKUMAR I REDDY

52. SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE



MR. M. C. MATH ASHUTOSH KUMAR

234. 34S0092 SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO ALUMINA PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD


A. J. K. PRASAD VINAY KRISHNA PIDURU

235. 34S0144 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DIESEL PLANT


M.C.MATH SHASHWAT KUMAR

53. SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA

236. 34S0999 STUDY OF MUNICIPAL AND BIO-MEDICAL WASTES IN CHITRADURGA DISTRICT

CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. C. H. HALASWAMY, DR. SGS SWAMY AND MR. U. T. VIJAY

RAVI KIRAN S.


CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. C. H. HALASWAMY, DR. SGS SWAMY AND MR. U. T. VIJAY

HARISH KUMAR B. S.

238. 34S0713 HYBRID POWER GENERATION OF SOLAR AND WIND CONTROLLED BY MICRO CONTOLLER


PROF.B.G.KUMARSWAMY NAGASHREE V.

239. 34S0722 ELECTRIC FIELD AND ULTRASONIC SENSORS BASED SECURITY SYSTEM


SRI.G.S.RAJANNA BAPOOJI P.V.

240. 34S0724 WIRELESS SMART SENSOR FOR SOLAR BASED HIGH POWER LED LIGHTING USING NANO WATT


MR.SHASHIDHAR T.M POOJA AMBLI



SRI.SATHISH .J RASHMI.R

242. 34S0707 NON CONVENTIONAL CUTTING OF GLASS PLATE USING HOT AIR JET


SRI. NAGARAJA B. SUPRIYA M.S.

243. 34S0709 DESIGN & FABRICATION OF WHEEL DRIVEN SPRAYER


PROF. P.S. SHASHIDHAR MANJUNATHA K.

244. 34S0726 UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT OF AN IC ENGINE


PROF. K.K.GURURAJA ALOK DEB


236

245. 34S0733 HYBRID POWER GENERATION UNDER LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR ENERGY INDEPENDENCE


SRI.RAJESH.A.M. BALAJI.S.R.

246. 34S0735 ECO FRIENDLY GROUND SOURCE COOLING SYSTEM


MR.RAJESH.A.M. CHETHAN BABU K.S.

54. SMT. KAMALA AND SRI.VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGG., & TECH., LAXMESHWAR

247. 34S0663 MULTI PURPOSE ALIVE RADITATION DENSITY DETECTION SYSTEM IN WARFIELD OR DURING NATURAL CALAMITY


MS.VIDYAVATI MALLARADDI

BHAGYASHREE ARATTI

248. 34S0665 A PLUG IN HYBRID ELECTRICAL VEHICLE (PHEV) CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR BETTER FUEL ECONOMY WITH REDUCTION IN COX/NOX EMISSION


PROF.SUNIL BEGUMPUR SUBHASGOUDA K.L.

249. 34S0661 IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE TO DETECT BRAIN TUMOR FROM MRI IMAGES


PROF.RAVIKUMAR K. ARAVIND K.S.

250. 34S0662 ONLINE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR THE AKSHAYA PATRA FOUDATION, RAYAPUR, DHARWAD


PROF.NAVEEN KULKARNI

AKSHATHA S.JAVALI

55. SRI BHAGAWAN MAHAVEER JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KANAKAPURA, RAMANAGARAM DISTRICT

251. 34S0328 MULTIPURPOSE TAMPERPROOF SMART ENERGY METER


PRASANNA KUMAR C. RIMPUL J.C.

56. SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

252. 34S0566 EFFECT OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES ON THE PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. M. C. NATARAJA VINEETH L.

57. SRI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR


CIVIL ENGINEERING

G. MAHESH KUMAR PALLAVI G. B.

254. 34S0114 SOLAR CHARGER KIT FOR E-BIKE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LT. L. SANJEEV KUMAR NAVEENKUMAR B.

255. 34S0683 TELEPRESENCE ROBOT ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

PROF.T.S.BHARATH KUMAR

RAGHAVENDRA.L

256. 34S0687 ADVANCED PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR ALONG WITH INTELLIGENT BIKE



NAGAHARSHITH

257. 34S0691 A MODULAR COST-EFFECTIVE MOBILE ROBOT NAVIGATION USING RFID TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION


HARSHITHA H.B.

258. 34S0676 MANUALLY OPERATED ARECANUT CUTTING MACHINE


DR.T.B.PRASAD VINAY

259. 34S0677 SCORING & GALLING ON SHEET METAL FORMED PANELS


DR.SANJEEV MURTHY & MR.DEVIDAS BIRADAR

ERANNA.H



MR.GIRISH.C SANJEEV KUMAR



PROF.H.S.JAYARAMU SYED MAUSAVEER RAHMAN


237

58. SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANGALORE

262. 34S0081 SIXTH SENSE GESTURE RECOGNIZATION SYSTEM (6S-GRS)


SATISH KUMAR K. ESHAK B.

263. 34S0083 SMART SHOPPING AID ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SANDEEP BHAT TAPASYA B.

264. 34S0084 DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL AND SEARCH STRATEGY FOR SWARM ROBOT


DIJITH P. THEJAS NARAYANAN

265. 34S0085 AUTO DRIVING SYSTEM USING 3G AND MEMS


DR. K. R. KAMATH BARUN SHARMA

266. 34S0086 PORTABLE AUTOMATIC CONJECTURING AND ANNOUNCING SYSTEM FOR REAL TIME ACCIDENT DETECTION


ANU P. ABRAHAM DEEPAK

267. 34S0165 MULTIPLE DOSA MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NEELAKANTHA V LONDE, ROHIT JAYARAJA

PAWAN RAJ

59. STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR, HAVERI

268. 34S0972 WIRELESS IMPLEMENTATION OF VOTING SYSTEM


MR. RAMESH KUMAR H. K

MAMATHA RANI B. M

269. 34S0987 ZIGBEE SMART ENERGY METER ECOSYSTEM


MR. GURURAJ K S KAVYA HEGDE

270. 34S0988 ZIGBEE ENABLED POWER LED DIMMING CONTROL AND THERMOSTAT APPLICATON


PROF. C. M. PARAMESHWARAPPA

ANUSHA MALAGI

271. 34S0994 AUTOMATIC DIGITAL PHASE SELECTION & SAFETY


PROF.T. CHANDRAPPA

PRASANNA KUMAR



MS. DEEPA HIREMATH

DEEPA KALYANI

273. 34S0586 TRUTH DISCOVERY IN WEB SEARCH ENGINES


MR. S. G. MAKANUR VIDYARANI R. SHIRUR

274. 34S0589 VIRTUAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND TIME TRACKING


PROF. D. S. VISHWANATH

ASHWINI MATTI

275. 34S0595 QUANTIFICATION OF DAMAGED AREA OF CFRP SPECIMEN THROUGH ULTRASONIC C-SCAN IMAGES


PROF. S. G. MAKANUR

KIRAN T. K.

276. 34S0982 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI PURPOSE VARIABLE TOPOLOGY PRESS MECHANISM

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MR. U. M. DAIVAGNA MANJUNATH G. M.


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROF.K. B. GURUPADAPPA

KUMAR CHOKKANAGOUDRA

60. UNIVERSITY B.D.T. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DAVANGERE

278. 34S0581 SOLAR POWERED PROTOTYPE MAGNETIC PROPULSION CAR


DR. IRAPPA SOGALAD ANIL K. S.

61. VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE

279. 34S0223 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE FOR ATMS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

POORNIMA B.G., PARMESHA K.

MADHAV HEGDE



DR. H. S. DAYANANDA AND MS. RAMYARAJ Y. N.

RAVI A. S.

281. 34S0218 EVALUATION STUDIES ON SOLAR STILL STERILIZATION USING DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE


DR. H. S. DAYANANDA KAVYA S.

282. 34S0221 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN AND ZEOLITE AS FILTER MEDIA


DR. H. S. DAYANANDA CHAITRA K.R.


238



ROOPA PRIYA J.K. BHAVYA K.

284. 34S0215 MOBILE WALLET INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MAHANTH J.H. ANEESHA RAO A.

285. 34S0216 RFID BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SYEDA MISBA RAMESHA M.V.

62. VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR

286. 34S0841 THE EFFECT OF MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE ON SOIL AND GROUND WATER IN MANGALORE

CIVIL ENGINEERING MR. PRASHANTHA ASHWIJA K. C.


CIVIL ENGINEERING DR. B. T. SURESH BABU ARJUNA KUMAR


CIVIL ENGINEERING PROF. GANESH MOGAVEERA

DEEPTHI M. V

289. 34S0868 LAPTOP TRAKER COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MRS. RADHIKA SHETTY D S

H. P. ANASUYA

290. 34S0866 SOLAR ENERGY OPTIMISATION BY PRECISION SUN TRACKING


DR. ASHOK KUMAR T. & PROF. SHRIKRISHNA SHASTRI

AJAY V S

291. 34S0867 3-PHASE POWER INVERSION AND CONTROLE FOR IRRIGATION MOTORS


MRS. SOWMYA ANIL PRATHEEKSHA M. S

292. 34S0871 FATIGUE DETECTION SYSTEM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MR. HEMANTH KUMAR RAJESH M.

293. 34S0872 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE


MR.UDAYASHANKAR VISHWAS K.M

63. VETERINARY COLLEGE, HEBBAL, BANGALORE

294. 34S1009 AN INNOVATIVE SURGICAL APPROACH FOR OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN CATS

VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

DR. A. KRISHNA SWAMY DR. BABU M.

* ~ * ~ *


KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012

Details of Student Project Programme - Seminar and Exhibition (S/E) held till date

College and Place Year No. of Projects

Sanctioned

No. of

S/E Projects

1. Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology, Bangalore 1977-1978 54 30

2. Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan 1978-1979 106 37

3. Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering & National Institute of Engineering, Mysore

1979-1980 109 42

4. Karnataka Regional Engineering College, Surathkal 1980-1981 162 40

5. HKES Pujya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Gulbarga 1981-1982 98 32

6. BVB College of Engineering, Hubli 1982-1983 115 35

7. Bapuji Institute of Engg., & Tech., Davanagere 1983-1984 129 28

8. KLES College of Engg., & Technology, Belgaum 1984-1985 132 38

9. PES College of Engineering, Mandya 1985-1986 109 56

10. Rastriya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bangalore 1986-1987 142 52

11. Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur 1987-1988 147 36

12. Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore 1988-1989 109 33

13. Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shimoga 1989-1990 112 38

14. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Engineering, Dharwad 1990-1991 130 46

15. KLES College of Engineering & Technology, Belgaum 1991-1992 189 54

16. Kalpatharu Institute of Technology, Tiptur 1992-1993 143 72

17. Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramnagaram 1993-1994 193 80

18. Sri Siddartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur 1994-1995 147 63

19. National Institute of Engineering, Mysore 1995-1996 209 79

20. Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore 1996-1997 193 70

21. Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 1997-1998 253 125

22. B.M. Srinivasaiah College of Engineering, Bangalore 1998-1999 223 87

23. Kurunje Venkataramana Gowda College of Engineering, Sullia 1999-2000 201 104

24. HKES’ SLN College of Engineering, Raichur 2000-2001 194 112

25. Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur 2001-2002 145 82

26. Vijayanagar Engineering College, Bellary 2002-2003 144 69

27. Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum 2003-2004 205 126

28. Basaveshwar College of Engineering, Bagalkot 2004-2005 231 121

29. Poojya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Gulbarga 2005-2006 275 132

30. KLE Society's College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum 2006-2007 281 147

31. Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur 2007-2008 289 150

32. National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 2008-2009 256 146

33. Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur 2009-2010 291 152

34. PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga 2010-2011 294 166

Total Projects 6010 2680

34th Series

Documents

Transcript of 34th Series